if、 whether 用法总结

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whether,if

if和whether通用,都表示“是否”的意思。一般来说,后者比较正式,在口语中前者常用来代替后者。但两者有时具有不同的暗示。用whether时,正反两面的选择意义较强,问话人并不在意回答是肯定还是否定;而用if时,则比较强调单方面,即正面,问话人希望得到肯定的回答。另外,还要注意以下几点:

一、whether和if都可以与or not连用;但写在一起时,只能用whether,不能用if。如:

I don't care whether (或if) it will rain or not.

I don't care whether or not it will rain. (不用if)

二、在引导宾语从句时,应注意:

1、表示“是否”时,两词都能引导宾语从句。

I wonder if/whether you can examine him now.

2、宾语从句移置句首时,用whether,不用if。

Whether it is true or not,I can't say.

3、宾语从句为否定形式时,通常用if,而不用whether。

I asked Tom if Mary wouldn’t come.

4、作discuss等词的宾语,用whether不用if。

We discussed whether we should buy the gift for him.

三、在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用if。

1、与不定式连用时,只能用whether.

He can't decide whether to accept or refuse.

2、在介词后,只能用whether。

Everything depends on whether he is ready.

3、在名词后作同位语时,只能用whether。

The question whether they ought to stop working was discussed among the workers.

I have no idea whether he is there.

4、引导主语从句时,只能用whether。

Whether he comes or not doesn't concern me.

5、引导表语从句时,只能用whether。

What Maria doesn't know is whether there will be enough snow.

四、if可引导条件状语从句,译作“如果”,whether可引导让步状语从句,译作“不管、无论”。

If I were you,I would not buy.

Whether he agrees or not,I shall go there.

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