南方医科大学人体解剖学2000年考博真题试卷

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2000真题及答案

2000年临床执业医师考试真题及答案（第一单元）A1型选择题（1-111题）答题说明每一道考试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。

请从中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。

1．右侧胸锁乳突肌收缩时A．头向左侧倾斜，面转向左侧B．头向右侧倾斜，面转向左侧C．头向右侧倾斜，面转向右侧D．头向左侧倾斜，面转向右侧E．头后仰，面转向右侧2．下述结构中靠近食管胸部右侧的是A．上腔静脉B．奇静脉弓C．主动脉弓D．胸导管E．左心房3．关于胸膜腔的概念，正确的是A．胸膜腔即胸腔B．左、右胸膜腔互相交通C．肺位于胸膜腔内D．胸膜腔由脏胸膜与壁胸膜围成E．胸膜腔内含有大量浆液4．肾蒂主要结构的排列关系，由前向后依次为A．肾静脉、肾动脉和肾盂B．肾静脉、肾盂和肾动脉C．肾动脉、肾静脉和肾盂D．肾动脉、肾盂和肾静脉E．肾盂、肾动脉和肾静脉5．左心室流入道和流出道的分界标志是A．左房室瓣（二尖瓣）后瓣B．左房室瓣（二尖瓣）前瓣C．主动脉瓣D．室上嵴E．肺动脉瓣6．脑膜中动脉穿过的孔裂是A．圆孔B．卵圆孔C．棘孔D．枕骨大孔E．破裂孔7．既是淋巴器官，又有内分泌功能的是A．淋巴结B．扁桃体C．胸腺D．胰E．脾8．某病人因外伤致使脊髓腰1节段右侧半横断，损伤平面以下会出现A．右侧痛温觉丧失B．右侧粗触觉丧失C．左侧本体感觉丧失D．右侧本体感觉丧失E．左侧肢体随意运动丧失9．位于延髓内的脑神经核是A．滑车神经核D．三叉神经运动核C．面神经核D．展神经核E．疑核10．内囊出血所致的对侧肢体运动障碍（偏瘫），主要是损伤了A．皮质脊髓束B．皮质红核束C．顶枕颞桥束D．皮质核束E．额桥束11．Na+离子通过离子通道的跨膜转运过程属于A．单纯扩散B．易化扩散C．主动转运D．出胞作用E．人胞作用12．神经细胞动作电位的幅度接近于A．钾平衡电位B．钠平衡电位C．静息电位绝对值与局部电位之和D．静息电位绝对值与钠平衡电位之差E．静息电位绝对值与钠平衡电位之和13．神经-骨骼肌接头处的化学递质是A．乙酰胆碱B．去甲肾上腺素C．肾上腺素D．5-羟色胺E．神经肽14．形成血浆胶体渗透压的主要物质是A．NaClB．白蛋白C．球蛋白D．纤维蛋白E．血红蛋白15．下列属于等张溶液的是A．0．85％NaClB．0．85％葡萄糖C．1．9％尿素D．5％NaCIE．10％葡萄糖16．AB血型人的红细胞膜上和血清中分别含A．A凝集原和抗A、抗B凝集素B．B凝集原和抗B凝集素C．A凝集原和抗B凝集素D．B凝集原和抗A凝集素E．A、B凝集原，不含抗A、抗B凝集素17．在心动周期中，心室内压力上升最快的阶段是A．快速射血期B．等容收缩期C．缓慢射血期D．等容舒张期E．快速充盈期18．心输出量是指A．每搏输出量B．左、右心室输出的总血液量C．每分钟左心室所泵出的血量D．心房进入心室的血量E．每分钟两心房进人心室的血量19．心肌不产生完全强直收缩是由于A．心肌是功能合胞体B．兴奋传导有房室延搁C．窦房结对潜在起搏点有抑制作用D．有效不应期特别长E．收缩期较短20．肺通气的原动力是A．胸内压的变化B．肺主动舒缩C．外界环境与肺内压力差D．呼吸肌的舒缩E．肺泡表面活性物质的作用21．正常情况下胃粘膜不会被胃液所消化，是由于A．胃液中不含有可消化胃粘膜的酶B．粘液碳酸氢盐屏障的作用C．胃液中的内因子对胃粘膜具有保护作用D．胃液中的糖蛋白可中和胃酸E．胃液中含有大量HCO3-可中和胃酸22．胆汁可促进A．钙、铁的吸收B．蛋白质消化C．糖的吸收D．维生素A的吸收E．维生素B12的吸收23．食物的氧热价是指A．1g食物氧化时所释放的能量B．1g食物燃烧时所释放的能量C．食物氧化消耗1升氧时所释放的能量D．氧化1g食物，消耗1升氧时所释放的能量E．1g食物所含的能量24．给兔静脉注射50％葡萄糖5ml后，尿量增多的主要原因是A．血浆胶体渗透压降低B．肾小球毛细血管血压增高C．小管液溶质浓度增加D．血浆晶体渗透压增高E．血容量增多25．可促进醛固酮的分泌增多的因素是A．血糖浓度增高B．血Ca2+浓度降低C．血K+浓度增高D．循环血量增多E．血Na+浓度增高26．突触前抑制是由于突触前膜A．产生超极化B．释放抑制性递质C．递质耗竭D．兴奋性递质释放减少E．产生抑制性突触后电位27．丘脑非特异性投射系统A．投射至皮层特定区域，具有点对点关系B．投射至皮层，产生特定感觉C．投射至皮层广泛区域，提高皮层的兴奋性D．被切断时，动物保持清醒状态E．受刺激时，动物处于昏睡状态28．帕金森病患者出现震颤麻痹是由于A．前庭小脑神经元病变所致B．红核神经元病变所致C．纹状体神经元病变所致D．多巴胺神经递质系统功能受损E．乙酰胆碱递质系统功能受损29．副交感神经的作用是A．瞳孔扩大B．糖原分解增加C．逼尿肌收缩D．骨骼肌血管舒张E．消化道括约肌收缩30．对脑和长骨的发育最为重要的激素是A．生长素B．甲状腺激素C．雄激素D．雌激素E．甲状旁腺激素31．糖皮质激素A．促进葡萄糖的利用D．减少红细胞和淋巴细胞的数目C．脂肪的分解D．促进肌肉组织蛋白质分解E．降低机体抗伤害刺激的能力32．男性腺分泌的激素A．肽类激素B．氨基酸C．糖蛋白D．儿茶酚胺E．类固醇33．维系蛋白质分子一级结构的化学键是A．离子键B．肽建C．二硫键D．氢键E．疏水键34．DNA碱基组成的规律是A．[A]=[C]；[T]=[G]D．[A]+[T]=[C]+[G]C．[A]=[T]；[C]=[G]D．（[A]+[T]）/（[C]+[G]）=1E．[A]=[G]；[T]=[C]35．变性蛋白质的主要特点是A．不易被蛋白酶水解B．分子量降低C．溶解性增加D．生物学活性丧失E．共价键被破坏36．反密码子UAG识别的mRNA上的密码子是A．GTCB．ATCC．AUCD．CUAE．CTA37．Km值是指反应速度为1/2Vmax时的A．酶浓度B．底物浓度C．抑制剂浓度D．激活剂浓度E．产物浓度38．下列含有核黄素的辅酶是A．FMNB．HS-CoAC．NAD+D．NADP+E．CoQ39．1mol丙酮酸在线粒体内彻底氧化生成ATP的mol数量是A．12B．15C．18D．21E．2440．下列氨基酸中能转化生成儿茶酚胺的是A．天冬氨酸B．色氨酸C．酪氨酸D．脯氨酸E．蛋氨酸41．生命活动中能量的直接供体是A．三磷酸腺苷D．脂肪酸C．氨基酸D．磷酸肌酸E．葡萄糖42．体内脂肪大量动员时，肝内生成的乙酰辅酶A主要生成A．葡萄糖B．二氧化碳和水C．胆固醇D．酮体E．草酰乙酸43．脂肪酸合成的原料乙酰CoA从线粒体转移至胞液的途径是A．三羧酸循环B．乳酸循环C．糖醛酸循环D．柠檬酸—丙酮酸循环E．丙氨酸—葡萄糖循环44．能激活血浆中LCAT的载脂蛋白是A．apoAIB．apoAⅡC．apoBD．apoCE．apoD45．下列氨基酸在体内可以转化为γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的是A．谷氨酸B．天冬氨酸C．苏氨酸D．色氨酸E．蛋氨酸46．DNA分子上能被RNA聚合酶特异结合的部位叫作A．外显子B．增强子C．密码子D．终止子E．启动子47．核酸对紫外线的最大吸收峰是A．220nmB．240nmC．260nmD．280nmE．300nm48．紫外线对DNA的损伤主要是引起A．碱基缺失B．碱基插入C．碱基置换D．嘧啶二聚体形成E．磷酸二酯键断裂49．tRNA分子上3‘-端序列的功能是A．辨认mRNA上的密码子B．剪接修饰作用C．辨认与核糖体结合的组分D．提供-OH基与氨基酸结合E．提供-OH基与糖类结合50．下列具有受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性的是A．甲状腺素受体B．雌激素受体C．乙酰胆碱受体D．表皮生长因子受体E．肾上腺素受体51．逆转录的遗传信息流向是A．DNA→DNAB．DNA→RNAC．RNA→DNAD．RNA→蛋白质E．RNA→RNA52．限制性内切酶的作用是A．特异切开单链DNAB．特异切开双链DNAC．连接断开的单链DNAD．切开变性的DNAE．切开错配的DNA53．HE染色切片中，发现肝细胞体积变大，胞浆淡染呈空泡状。

汕医系解试题2000bkkj1

年级本科（医疗、影像专业）人体解剖学考试卷班级学号姓名得分一、填空题：（共40分，每空0.5分）1、颅底内面观，在颅中窝可见的结构有、、、、、等。

2、椎间盘由中央的和周围的组成。

3、肌按形态结构分为、、和；肌的辅助装置有、、和。

4、咀嚼肌包括、、和。

前臂肌前群包括、、、、、、、和。

5、咽峡由、、、围成。

6、在结肠和盲肠有三种区别于小肠的特征性结构，分别是、、。

7、喉软骨包括、、、。

关节的运动使声带紧张或松弛，关节的运动使声门开大或缩小。

8、精子由产生，经由、、、排出体外。

9、右心室的室腔分为、两部分，右房室口有，可防止血液返流至。

10、腹主动脉的成对脏支有、、和或；不成对的脏支有、、。

11、静脉按分布特点可分为和。

12、脑干内的脑神经核中，属特殊内脏运动的有、、、。

13、间脑分为、、、、五部。

14、瞳孔对光反射的反射弧，中枢位于；一侧神经损伤，患侧眼直接对光反射消失、间接对光反射存在；一侧神经损伤，患侧眼直接对光反射、间接对光反射均消失。

15、蛛网膜下腔介于与之间；腔内充满，其由产生，主要经回流至静脉。

硬脊膜与椎管内面骨膜之间的腔隙称为，硬脑膜形成的特殊静脉称为，其壁内无。

二、将下列英文名词译成中文：（共5分，每个名词0.5分）periosteum great saphenous veinobliquus externus abdominis brain stem bronchi reticular formation prostate dorsal thalamus brachiocephalic trunk corpus callosum三、名词解释：（共15分，每个名词2.5分）1、pelvis2、paranasal sinuses3、thoracic duct4、trapezoid body5、basal nuclei6、cerebral arterial circle (arterial circle of Willis)四、问答题：（共30分，每题10分）1、叙述膝关节的组成、构造及其运动。

2000医博统考听力题解析原文

2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension ( 10 % )Section ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B DTalk One1. A. Heart attacks B. Strokes C. Drug addiction D. Cerebral haemorrhage2. A. About 860, 000 B. About 1. 5 millionC. About 1/2 of the total populationD. About 2/3 of the total population3. A. Easy to use B. Safe C. Economical D. Fast actingTalk Two4. A. Students B. Teachers C. Social workers D. Doctors5. A. They took a long-term course of social sciencesB. They took a one-day course of psychologyC. They rendered assistance to the disabledD, They explored the world of the handicapped6. A. To understand the handicapped B. To create compassion for the neededC. To share difficulties with the poorD. To take care of the disabled7. A. An insight into the psychology of the disabledB. More knowledge about needs and feelings of the handicappedC. Respect for the disabled for their abilitiesD. All of the aboveTalk Three8. A. The President and the hospital B. A visit to the hospitalC. President Abraham LincolnD. Lincoln and a wounded soldier9. A. Writing down a letter for him B. Dictating a letter for himC. Typing a letter for himD. Posting a letter for him10. A. The President signed the letterB. The President held the soldier’s hand tightlyC. The young man went peacefully through to his end.D. The young man recognized Lincoln.2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文Paper OnePart ⅠListening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B DTalk OneAn important new study reports that doctors now have a new drug called TPA for heart attacks. It may be better than any other heart drugs. Many doctors have been using a drug called streptokinase, which sometimes causes problems to patients. It can even cause bleeding in the brain. Streptokinase can save about 1/3 of the people with heart attack. But TPA will save about2/3. This means many people. About 1.5 million Americans have heart attacks every year.One reason TPA can help more people is because of time. This new drug is easier and faster to use. It will give doctors more time in hospitals. Then they can study the problem well. People with heart problems can also keep some TPA at home. When a heart attack starts, they can take some TPA right away. Then they will have time to get to the hospital. This is important because about 860, 000 people in the United States die before they get to the hospital.There is another reason why TPA is good news for people with heart attacks. According to the study, it is much safer. It does not cause other problems like streptokinase. TPA works only on the heart. It does not have an effect on the blood or cause bleeding.Doctors plan to do more studies about TPA. They need to test this new drug on many more people with heart attacks. But in a few years, many doctors and hospitals will probably start using this exciting new drug.1. What problem can streptokinase cause?2. According, to the talk, how many Americans have heart attacks every year?3. Which is at mentioned as an advantage of TPA?Talk TwoSitting in wheelchairs, limping in special shoes and wearing glasses which stop them from seeing properly, thirty students from the City University of Hong Kong spent a day exploring the world of the handicapped. They were taking part in a one-day course journey into compassion, to help them to understand the problems faced daily by the handicapped. Student affairs officer, Rebecca Chen said it would help create a caring campus community. Ms Chen was inspired by a magazine article on how doctors and hospital in the United States were able to appreciate the psychology of the patients better after they themselves were treated as patients. The idea is that the direct experience of the situation should be the first step to learning rather than study theory.Students were sent out in pairs, one handicapped and one observer, to complete a list of every-day tasks. This included borrowing books from a library, exchanging money at a bank and buying a ticket at a railway station. Social work student, Carina Lin, said she could never have imagined how simple task become real challenges for the disabled. "After sharing some of their experiences today, I have become much more aware of the needs and feelings of the handicapped". Another student said that the experience has taught her to appreciate the ability of the handicapped. Many on the course seemed to have gained an insight into the psychology of the physically handicapped. But there was still much work to be done.4. Who were the participants of the program?5. What did they do according to the talk?6. Why did they take part in the program?7. What did the young people gain in the program?Talk ThreePresident Abraham Lincoln often visited hospitals to talk with wounded soldiers during the Civil War. Once doctors pointed out a young soldier who was near death and Lincoln went over to his bedside."Is there anything I can do for you?" asked the President.The soldier obviously didn’t recognize Lincoln, and with some effort, he was able to whisper: "Would you please write a letter to my mother?"A pen and paper were provided and the President carefully began writing down what the young man was able to say:"My dearest mother, I was badly hurt while I was doing my duty. I’ m afraid I’ m not goingto recover. Don’t grieve too much for me, please. Kiss Mary and John for me. May God bless you and father. "The soldier was too weak to continue, so Lincoln signed the letter for him and added, "Written for your son by Abraham Lincoln. "The young man asked to see the note and was astonished when he discovered who had written it. "Are you really the President?" he asked."Yes, I am, " Lincoln replied quietly. Then he asked if there was anything else he could do."Would you please hold my hand?" the soldier asked. "It will help me to see it through to the end. "In the hushed room, the tall gaunt President took the boy’s hand in his and spoke wa rm words of encouragement until death came.8. What is the story about?9. What did the president do for the young man?10. What happened at the end of the story?Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 %)Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host, but invitations to restaurant for lunch, dinner, coffee, a drink, etc, sometimes present problems, and the customs vary in different parts of the United States.In many instances it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check: You "go Dutch. " This is often the case with friends in informal situations, such as "Let’s go get a beer" or "Want a cup of coffee T" In some parts of the country, however, some people like to entertain friends by taking them to a restaurant for a dinner instead of having dinner at home. In this case, the host expects to pay and the guest may offer to leave the tip, which may be declined by the host. If so, just let the matter drop, If the invitation is expressed in fairly casual terms, such as: "Let’s go to Green willow for dinner", it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation, so you should be prepared to pay your part of the bill. If you want to invite someone for a meal at a restaurant, be explicit: "I’d like to take you to Green willow. " Americans should be explicit also, but they often assume you know the local customs in the matter. Ask a friend’s advice if you are not sure.。

南方医科大学考博外科真题部分答案

1 骨折内置物术后感染的诊断和治疗策略急性感染:内固定术后急性感染的诊断较容易，一般根据患者的临床表现如现发热、夜间出汗、寒战、肿胀、僵硬以及活动性疼痛可有助于确定感染。

体查发现感染体征，如发红、发硬、苍白、肿胀、局部淋巴结肿大、伤口渗出、窦道和活动性疼痛。

结合实验室检查（全血细胞计数、血沉和C反应蛋白）即可做出明确诊断。

迟发感染:迟发感染因其发病隐匿，在诊断上有一定的困难。

目前诊断标准是：①原骨折处出现酸胀感、深部疼痛、休息痛或原有疼痛加剧，患肢肿胀持续不退。

②原切口局部出现红肿、发热，部分有全身发热发冷等中毒症状。

③有窦道形成。

④穿刺培养可得到阳性结果，但穿刺有脓性液者不一定能培养出细菌⑤实验室检查：早期WBC一过性升高、ESR持续加快，有诊断价值。

⑥X线片表现为软组织肿胀阴影，骨折端有吸收、变位，钉道有透光区出现，内固定物结构不良等。

⑦x线片示骨折端常没有外骨痂形成。

急性感染的治疗:•①清创:彻底清除所有的血肿．坏死组织(皮缘．皮下组织及肌肉组织)．死骨及增生的肉芽组织。

从多个部位切取标本送细菌学及组织学检查。

髓内感染如果存在骨坏死行锉髓清创，通过锉髓将坏死组织清除，并在髓腔远端开将坏死物排出。

•②内固定物处理:只要内固定还能提供稳定的固定，就将其保留到骨性连接出现。

即使是置于皮下的钢板，感染后外露．如果稳定性还在，仍然可以保留，开放换药，并用消毒剂保护伤口，防止外源性感染，髓内钉固定后感染．如果骨折有愈合征像．就保留髓内钉．先行清创．引流脓肿，待骨折愈合后再取出髓内钉．外固定支架钉道感染时通过X线拍片检查确定钉道周围有无环行死骨形成。

如果有骨坏死．就进行清创冲洗更换支架固定螺钉。

•③伤口的处理:有开放治疗和闭合治疗两种方法。

开放治疗效果比较可靠．但病程较长。

具体做法是用含消毒剂的敷料保护伤口，每天换药防止外源性细菌感染。

闭合性治疗：虽然有风险．但可望使伤口较快愈合。

伤口深层一般不缝合放置大号引流营．用林格氏液或伤口冲洗剂行闭式引流、冲洗。

00年

2000年医师资格考试试卷及答案A1型选择题(1-111题)答题说明每一道考试题下面有A、B、C、D、E五个备选答案。

请从中选择一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应题号的相应字母所属的方框涂黑。

1.右侧胸锁乳突肌收缩时BA.头向左侧倾斜，面转向左侧B.头向右侧倾斜，面转向左侧C.头向右侧倾斜，面转向右侧D.头向左侧倾斜，面转向右侧E.头后仰，面转向右侧2.下述结构中靠近食管胸部右侧的是DA.上腔静脉B.奇静脉弓C.主动脉弓D.胸导管E.左心房3.关于胸膜腔的概念，正确的是DA.胸膜腔即胸腔B.左、右胸膜腔互相交通C.肺位于胸膜腔内D.胸膜腔由脏胸膜与壁胸膜围成E.胸膜腔内含有大量浆液4.肾蒂主要结构的排列关系，由前向后依次为AA.肾静脉、肾动脉和肾盂B.肾静脉、肾盂和肾动脉C.肾动脉、肾静脉和肾盂D.肾动脉、肾盂和肾静脉E.肾盂、肾动脉和肾静脉肾蒂主要结构的排列关系：由前向后依次为肾静脉、肾动脉和肾盂；从上向下依次为肾动脉、肾静脉和肾盂5.左心室流人道和流出道的分界标志是BA.左房室瓣(二尖瓣)后瓣B.左房室瓣(二尖瓣)前瓣C.主动脉瓣D.室上嵴E.肺动脉瓣6.脑膜中动脉穿过的孔裂是CA.圆孔B.卵圆孔C.棘孔D.枕骨大孔E.破裂孔脑膜中动脉一般起源于颌内动脉, 经棘孔入颅, 沿硬膜走行, 发出分支, 分布于硬膜的大部分范围。

7.既是淋巴器官，又有内分泌功能的是cA.淋巴结B.扁桃体C.胸腺D.胰E.脾8.某病人因外伤致使脊髓腰1节段右侧半横断，损伤平面以下会出现DA.右侧痛温觉丧失B.右侧粗触觉丧失C.左侧本体感觉丧失D.右侧本体感觉丧失E.左侧肢体随意运动丧失9.位于延髓内的脑神经核是EA.滑车神经核D.三叉神经运动核C.面神经核D.展神经核E.疑核10.内囊出血所致的对侧肢体运动障碍(偏瘫)，主要是损伤了AA.皮质脊髓束B.皮质红核束C.顶枕颞桥束D.皮质核束E.额桥束11.Na+离子通过离子通道的跨膜转运过程属于BA.单纯扩散B.易化扩散C.主动转运D.出胞作用E.人胞作用12.神经细胞动作电位的幅度接近于BA.钾平衡电位B.钠平衡电位C.静息电位绝对值与局部电位之和D.静息电位绝对值与钠平衡电位之差E.静息电位绝对值与钠平衡电位之和13.神经-骨骼肌接头处的化学递质是AA.乙酰胆碱B.去甲肾上腺素C.肾上腺素D.5-羟色胺E.神经肽14.形成血浆胶体渗透压的主要物质是BA.NaClB.白蛋白C.球蛋白D.纤维蛋白E.血红蛋白15.下列属于等张溶液的是AA.0.85％NaClB.0.85％葡萄糖C.1.9％尿素D.5％NaCIE.10％葡萄糖等张溶液是指，与红细胞张力相等的溶液。

中山医考博解剖真题(1992-2008)

中山医大解剖博士题1992年博士一、试述腕前结构的排列（外到内），该处正中神经损伤有何症状，为什么？二、手掌筋膜间隙有哪些？叙述其临床意义。

三、试述腹股沟管淋巴结分群、位置、收纳范围、回流方向。

四、试述面神经机能成分、行程、分支、分布范围。

面神经膝状节损伤后表现？五、试述甲状腺形态、位置、毗邻、血液供应，静脉回流。

六、试述胫神经来源、行程、支配范围，损伤症状，为什么？七、试述咽的分部、位置、鼻咽部重要结构，临床意义。

八．试述心脏冠状动脉起源、行程、分支及分布范围。

1993中山医博士试题1993解剖学一、试述眼瞳孔对光反射途径及各个部位损伤后的表现二、试述内囊的位置、分部、各部传导束名称，损伤症状。

三、试述胃形态、位置、分部及胃的比邻（何谓胃床）四、试述腋窝（腔）的构成及内容。

1994年博士1、试述眼瞳孔对光反射途径及各部位损伤后的表现。

2．试述内囊的位置、分部、各部传导束名称，损伤症状。

3．试述胃形态、位置、分部及胃的毗邻（何谓胃床）？4．试述腋窝（腔）的构成及内容（臂丛的组成、分支，腋动脉分段及分支）。

1995年博士1．试述内囊的构成、分部、传导束名称及损伤症状。

2．试述眼眶内的重要结构。

3．试述心脏的形态特征，血液供应及神经支配。

4．何谓尿生殖膈，试述会阴深、浅隙的构成及内容。

5．试述胃的形态、分部及胃后壁毗邻。

1996年博士1．试述眼球的血液供应及神经支配。

2．试述腹主动脉的分支及分布范围。

3．试述腋窝淋巴结分组，位置及收纳范围。

4．试述视觉传导通路、对光反射通路及右侧视神经损伤会出现什么症状？为什么？5．试述内囊的位置、组成、分部，通过传导束损伤的名称，损伤后出现的症状。

为什么？ 6．试述肾的位置、毗邻及肾的血供。

7．试述腹膜形成的结构及临床意义。

8．试述腹股沟管的构成、位置，通过结构及临床意义。

1997年博士1．试述三角肌、胸大肌和背阔肌的起止、功能和神经支配。

2．试述神经元的一般形态特征和分类。

近十年重点院校考博解剖专业课试题大全

2002年协和医科大学解剖学考博试题一、名词;1、海式三角（英文）2、胆囊三角3、斜角肌三角4、背盖背区5、REXED板层6、心包斜窦7、鼻烟壶二、填空30分1、肾上腺的血供2、肩胛动脉网3、肛直肠环三、选择20分1、脾的位置2、选择性迷走神经切断术的神经四、问答1、小脑的分叶和联系2、内囊后脚损伤产生那些症状3、踝关节能做那些运动其支配肌肉神经是什么4、骑跨伤损伤造成渗尿会到达那些结构5、胰头癌会压迫那些部位产生什么症状复旦大学医学院2000年解剖学（博士）一、名词解释1、腺管2、胸导管3、海绵窦4、基底膜5、膀胱三角6、胆囊三角7、鼓室二、问答1、针刺中指后痛觉传导通路2、下皮层的功能定位3、肝脏的吡邻复旦大学医学院2001年解剖学（博士）一、名词解释1、膀胱三角2、室上脊3、奇静脉4、海绵窦二、问答1、脊柱的连接2、视觉通路3、心脏的结构复旦大学医学院2002年解剖学（博士）一、名词1、willis环2、肾窦3、巩膜静脉窦二、问答题1.膝关节的组成，运动特点支配肌肉神经2.右心室的结构3.肾脏的解剖毗邻被膜4.丘脑的解剖结构和纤维联系复旦大学医学院2003年解剖学（博士）一、名词解释1.滑膜关节2.肾窦3.腹直肌鞘4.弹性圆锥5.肝胆三角6.语言中枢7.室间隔8.海马-纵隔9.呼吸道二、问答1.手掌动脉的解剖位置2.男性尿道的解剖结构、解剖位置3.脊柱连接4.三叉丘系、脊丘系；内侧、外侧丘系复旦大学医学院2004年解剖学（博士）一、名词解释：（5分/题）1.ptreon;2.结膜穹窿；3.房间隔4.岛叶5.limibic system6.bala7.梨状窝8.venous angle9.髌韧带10.关节盘二、问答题：（10分/题）1.试述内耳的结构组成。

2.内囊的结构和受损后的症状。

3.男性小骨盆与女性小骨盆里都有什么器官，有何区别？4.人体有多少消化腺，其位置形态分泌腺的名称和作用。

四川大学华西医院2007考博题局部解剖学：一、名词解释：颈动脉窦，肺根，面部危险三角区，膀胱直肠陷凹，胆囊三角，（还有一个想不起了）二、问答题：（9选7）1.临床作气管切开的位置，经过的层次，切开过深可损伤的器官，过低可造成什么后果2.盆腹部消化管道的动脉血供及来源3.上、下腔静脉系的吻合支4.腹部器官、结构的体表投影（至少10个）5.子宫的位置，及影响其位置的因素6.股三角的内容、排列及交通7. 腮腺肿大可压迫那些结构8.颈根部的结构9.左右纵隔之间的血管、神经名称及位置2004年湘雅博士入学考试试题局部解剖学名词解释（每题5分，共30分）硬膜外隙（腔）；腹股沟管；Willis环（cerebral arterial circle）bronchopulmonary segment；thoracic duct；鞍上池论述题（1、2题必答，每题18分；3、4、5题任选两题，每题17分）1、颈内动脉的行程、分段及分支分布2、后纵隔的位置、结构及毗邻关系3、髂关节的结构、功能、血供及神经支配4、尿道球部损伤尿液外渗的解剖学基础5、论述肝段划分的理论依据及临床意义苏州大学2004年博士入学解剖试题第一题为必答题，然后从其他题目中选4道题目回答。

南方医科大学解剖学历年考博真题

南方医科大学解剖历年真题1998年1、椎骨间连接的有关结构名称 2、髂内动脉的分支名称 3、按肝内管道系统介绍肝的分叶和分段 4、分布至颅顶的动脉和神经系统名称 5、臂丛神经的组成分支6、运动髋关节的肌肉名称、作用和神经支配 7、急性脑疝形成的解剖学基础 1999年一、必答题 1、髋关节属于何类型关节？能做哪些运动？写出各运动作用的肌名称。

2、按顺序写出各心腔名称及该心腔内主要结构名称 3、写出肺肝肾三个重要器官的结构分段名称4、写出12对脑神经名称、进出颅部位、与脑链接部位、纤维成分性质。

5、腋窝的境界，主要内容名称及临床意义。

二、选答题1、面部浅层的结构 2、手背部皮肤筋膜的结构特点 2004年 1、神经干细胞 2、腹股沟三角3、肋膈隐窝4、股疝和斜疝的解剖学特点5、腕管的构成和其中的结构6、气官前间隙的组成和其中的结构7、股三角的构成和结构8、眶上裂通过的结构和功能2006年肘窝的组成，边界结构，内容物的排列关系胸长神经支配的肌肉眼球中膜内包含的结构椎骨的连接方式开口于下鼻道的结构胸膜的神经支配特点和胸膜炎时为何颈肩痛阴部神经通过何种结构通过腹股沟管的神经从解剖角度分析斜疝和直疝的区别胆总管的分段和各段的吡邻关系尺，挠，正中神经损伤后的表现尿道球部，前列腺部，膜部损伤后尿液渗入的间隙关于腹股沟管皮下环的说法面神经和腮腺的关系及面神经出腮腺后的分支头顶部的神经血管分布及其分布范围窦房结动脉的分支来源小网膜构成及其内包含的结构肾的3层被膜及其意义脊髓的3层被膜及其特点构成肛直肠环的结构防止子宫左右移动的韧带膀胱后的结构及膀胱尖后的结构（男和女）紧张声带及缩小声门的肌肉甲状腺被膜的构成颈部的筋膜脑神经后不是双侧神经来源的是集合淋巴滤泡分布的部位视神经盘的说明病历题：动眼神经损伤，可能同时伴有滑车神经损伤面神经颅内及颅外分支三叉神经脊束核通过丘脑的部位踝管及其内通过的结构内侧丘系的构成椎动脉，甲状腺上下动脉的来源2008年选择题单选，多选。

各院校历年考博解剖真题

中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖1995年1. 心脏的血供。

2. 胃的静脉和淋巴回流。

3. 眼的神经支配。

4. 颈部的淋巴回流。

中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖1996年1. 眼的神经支配。

2. 内囊的位置和后肢损伤后的表现。

3. 肾脏的位置和毗邻。

4. 腋窝淋巴结分布及回流。

5. 腹膜附属结构、大小网膜的功能。

中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖1997年1．神经元的形态分类。

2．眼眶内的静脉、神经分布。

3．三角肌、前踞肌、背阔肌的起止、功能和神经支配。

4．本体感觉传导通路，为什么小脑损害会引起指鼻不准、走路蹒跚。

5．腹膜和腹膜囊的构成韧带和窝。

6．上下腔静脉的构成、之间的吻合、临床意义。

7．腋动脉的分段，分支供应的器官和伴随神经支配的器官。

中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖1998年1．臂丛神经分支(5支)的分布。

2．腹股沟管的结构、通过的神经。

3．甲状腺的血供、静脉回流。

4．心脏的血供、静脉回流。

5．头面部本体感觉传导通路、交叉上下损害的特点。

6．眼的神经、动脉。

7．咽腔组成，鼻咽癌的好发部位。

8．食管的行程及三个狭窄生理意义。

中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖1999年1．以肩关节为例叙述关节的基本结构和附属结构。

2．眼动脉的分支和静脉回流。

3．瞳孔对光反射的路径；一侧视神经和动眼神经损伤的表现。

4．脑干特殊内脏运动神经核名称、位置，纤维组成颅神经的分布。

5．颈外动脉在颈部的分支、起止、走行和分布。

6．腹膜后间隙定义、范围和脏器。

7．臀部神经的分层，经梨状肌上孔的神经、血管及相对的供应和支配。

8．直肠肛管上下的动脉、静脉和神经的特点。

中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖2000年1、臂丛的神经分支及分布。

2、上颌动脉的走行和分支。

3、腹腔淋巴结的分布和范围。

4、脑干网状结构的形态和功能。

5、心脏的形态、位置、毗邻、动静脉及神经支配。

6、下丘脑的主要核团及分泌激素。

7、子宫的固定装置。

中山医科大学博士入学考试试题解剖2002年六选五1、叙述眼内、外肌的神经支配和功能。

2000-2012医博统考英语听力题解析原文汇总

2000-2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题此汇总一共12套，98页查找规律，找到应试感觉2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )Section ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there arethree or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer onthe ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk One1.A. Heart attacks B. Strokes C.Drug addiction D.Cerebral haemorrhage2.A. About 860, 000 B.About 1. 5 millionC.About 1/2 of the total populationD.About 2/3 of the total population3.A. Easy to use B.Safe C.Economical D.Fast actingTalk Two4.A. Students B.Teachers C.Social workers D.Doctors5.A. They took a long-term course of social sciencesB.They took a one-day course of psychologyC.They rendered assistance to the disabledD, They explored the world of the handicapped6.A. To understand the handicapped B.To create compassion for the neededC.To share difficulties with the poorD.To take care of the disabled7.A. An insight into the psychology of the disabledB.More knowledge about needs and feelings of the handicappedC.Respect for the disabled for their abilitiesD.All of the aboveTalk Three8.A. The President and the hospital B.A visit to the hospitalC.President Abraham LincolnD.Lincoln and a wounded soldier9.A. Writing down a letter for him B.Dictating a letter for himC.Typing a letter for himD.Posting a letter for him10.A. The President signed the letterB.The President held the soldier’s hand tightlyC.The young man went peacefully through to his end.D.The young man recognized Lincoln.2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there arethree or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefullyand choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk OneAn important new study reports that doctors now have a new drug called TPA for heart attacks. It may be better than any other heart drugs. Many doctors have been using a drug called streptokinase, which sometimes causes problems to patients. It can even cause bleeding in the brain. Streptokinase can save about 1/3 of the people with heart attack. But TPA will save about2/3. This means many people. About 1.5 million Americans have heart attacks every year.One reason TPA can help more people is because of time. This new drug is easier and faster to use. It will give doctors more time in hospitals. Then they can study the problem well. People with heart problems can also keep some TPA at home. When a heart attack starts, they can take some TPA right away. Then they will have time to get to the hospital. This is important because about 860, 000 people in the United States die before they get to the hospital.There is another reason why TPA is good news for people with heart attacks. According to the study, it is much safer. It does not cause other problems like streptokinase. TPA works only on the heart. It does not have an effect on the blood or cause bleeding.Doctors plan to do more studies about TPA. They need to test this new drug on many more people with heart attacks. But in a few years, many doctors and hospitals will probably start using this exciting new drug.1. What problem can streptokinase cause?2. According, to the talk, how many Americans have heart attacks every year?3. Which is at mentioned as an advantage of TPA?Talk TwoSitting in wheelchairs, limping in special shoes and wearing glasses which stop them from seeing properly, thirty students from the City University of Hong Kong spent a day exploring the world of the handicapped. They were taking part in a one-day course journey into compassion, to help them to understand the problems faced daily by the handicapped. Student affairs officer, Rebecca Chen said it would help create a caring campus community. Ms Chen was inspired by a magazine article on how doctors and hospital in the United States were able to appreciate the psychology of the patients better after they themselves were treated as patients. The idea is that the direct experience of the situation should be the first step to learning rather than study theory.Students were sent out in pairs, one handicapped and one observer, to complete a list of every-day tasks. This included borrowing books from a library, exchanging money at a bank and buying a ticket at a railway station. Social work student, Carina Lin, said she could never have imagined how simple task become real challenges for the disabled. "After sharing some of their experiences today, I have become much more aware of the needs and feelings of the handicapped". Another student said that the experience has taught her to appreciate the ability of the handicapped. Many on the course seemed to have gained an insight into the psychology of the physically handicapped. But there was still much work to be done.4. Who were the participants of the program?5. What did they do according to the talk?6. Why did they take part in the program?7. What did the young people gain in the program?Talk ThreePresident Abraham Lincoln often visited hospitals to talk with wounded soldiers during the Civil War. Once doctors pointed out a young soldier who was near death and Lincoln went over to his bedside."Is there anything I can do for you?" asked the President.The soldier obviously didn’t recognize Lincoln, and with some effort, he was able to whisper: "Would you please write a letter to my mother?"A pen and paper were provided and the President carefully began writing down what the young man was able to say:"My dearest mother, I was badly hurt while I was doing my duty. I’ m afraid I’ m not going to recover. Don’t grieve too much for me, please. Kiss Mary and John for me. May God bless you and father. "The soldier was too weak to continue, so Lincoln signed the letter for him and added, "Written for your son by Abraham Lincoln. "The young man asked to see the note and was astonished when he discovered who had written it. "Are you really the President?" he asked."Yes, I am, " Lincoln replied quietly. Then he asked if there was anything else he could do."Would you please hold my hand?" the soldier asked. "It will help me to see it through to the end. "In the hushed room, the tall gaunt President took the boy’s hand in his and spoke warm words of encouragement until death came.8. What is the story about?9. What did the president do for the young man?10. What happened at the end of the story?Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 %)Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host, but invitations to restaurant for lunch, dinner, coffee, a drink, etc, sometimes present problems, and the customs vary in different parts of the United States.In many instances it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check: You "go Dutch. " This is often the case with friends in informal situations, such as "Let’s go get a beer" or "Want a cup of coffee T" In some parts of the country, however, some people like to entertain friends by taking them to a restaurant for a dinner instead of having dinner at home. In this case, the host expects to pay and the guest may offer to leave the tip, which may be declined by the host. If so, just let the matter drop, If the invitation is expressed in fairly casual terms, such as: "Let’s go to Green willow for dinner", it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation, so you should be prepared to pay your part of the bill. If you want to invite someone for a meal at a restaurant, be explicit: "I’d like to take you to Green willow. " Americans should be explicit also, but they often assume you know the local customs in the matter. Ask a friend’s advice if you are not sure.2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart Ⅰ ListeningSection A Listening Comprehension ( 10 % )Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listen carefully and choose the fight answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.For example: A B C DTalk One1. A. It’s a symbol of strength and courage. B. It’s a symbol of power and independence.C. It’s a symbol of competence and courage. D It’s a symbol of strength and confidence.2. A. The polluted fish killed 3, 000 of them. B. Insects poisoned so many of them.C. Pollution greatly reduced their number.D. Pesticides made them extinct.3. A. The bird is not adored any more.B. The bird does not eat the poisonous fish.C. The bird begins to lay fewer and fewer eggs.D. Measures are being taken to save the bird.Talk Two4. A. To go sightseeing in the town-center. B. To lose his way intentionally.C. To pay a visit to the suburb.D. To wander about the streets.5. A. To know more of the city. B. To practice the language.C. To get to know his way around the suburb.D. To while away the hours.6. A. He was unable to find his way back.B. A policeman could help him with his problem.C. He failed to communicate with the policeman.D. All of the above.7. A. The policeman showed him the railway station.B. He found the place where he lived.C. He was misled to a wrong place.D. He decided to stay in the country.Talk Three8. A. A case of active euthanasia. B. A case of passive euthanasia.C. A case of prostate cancer.D. A case of community medical service.9. A. His prostate cancer. B. The right time.C. His wife’s idea.D. Three signatures.10. A. Painfully. B. Apathetically. C. Peacefully. D. Angrily.Section B Spot Dictation ( 10 % )Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing. As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks with the exact words read on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.Applied research, undertaken to solve specific practical problems, has an immediateattractiveness because the results can be seen and enjoyed. For practical reasons, the sums spent on applied research in any country always 1 for basic research, and the proportions are more unequal in the less developed countries. Leaving aside the funds 2 by industry—which is naturally far more concerned with 3 because these increase profits quickly—the funds the U. S. Government allots to basic research currently amount to about 7 percent of its overall research and development funds. Unless adequate safeguards are provided, applied research invariably tends to 4 . Then, as Dr. Waterman has pointed out, "Development will 5 prematurely, career incentives will gravitate strongly toward applied science, and the opportunities for making 6 will be lost. Un-fortunately, pressures to emphasize new developments, without corresponding emphasis upon 7 science, tend to 8 the quality of the nation’s technology in the long run, rather than to improve it. "2001全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ ListeningSection ATalk One1. A 录音讲到美国获得独立之后American leaders将bald eagle定为a symbol of their country，因为it’s a bird of strength and courage。

南方医科大学病理生理学2003--2005,2012--2019年考博真题

南方医科大学2003年病理生理学（博士）一、名词解释：1、热限2、缺氧诱导因子3、脑死亡4、阴离子间隙二、问答题：1、DIC时为什么不用止血药止血？2、什么是EPO？它在体内的病理生理作用？3、各型休克为什么都要进行补液？南方医科大学2004年病理生理学（博士）一、选择题：40题×1分A1、A2、B、X型二、简答题：4题×5分1.简述GABA在肝性脑病中的作用2.为什么部分肺泡通气/血流比例下降只导致低氧血症，而不会导致PaCO2升高？3.简述DIC时出血的机制4.肾性高血压的发病机制三、论述题：1.一患者，血压波动于160/100近十年，近期发生左心衰竭，，请分析其发病机制（15分）2.试述休克I 期微循环变化的特点、机制和代偿意义（10分）3.一肺心病患者，入院呈昏睡状态，查：PH 7.26，PaCO2 65.5, HCO3－30,CL－92, Na＋145,试分析患者为何种酸碱失衡及电解质紊乱？根据是什么？并分析期昏睡的机制？（15分）南方医科大学2005年病理生理学（专基）（博士）1.请简述肾素——血管紧张素系统2.请简述第二心音固定分裂的病理生理基础3.请简述心室舒张充盈受阻的病理生理基础4.请简述心源性休克的病理基础5.请简述环形运动折返的三个条件6.请描述心肌收缩和舒张的基本过程，并从而阐述心力衰竭发生的基本机制。

7.请描述酸中毒对心肌收缩力的影响。

8.临床对心力衰竭病人检测心率的基本意义是什么？9.休克早期病人通过什么途径代偿血压的下降？10.请区分SIRS、Sepsis和Septic shock的概念。

2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：病理生理学注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。

一、简答题1、健康与疾病关系，有哪些影响因素2、DIC诱因有哪些，其影响机制如何3、左心衰与右心衰引起水肿的异同4、SIRS、MODS为什么均是肺先受累5、第二信使6、VEC抗凝血与促凝血的机制二、问答题1、失血性休克从代偿到失代偿的机制？从中可以给临床什么启示2、心功能的定义及判断指标3、何为蛋白质修饰？对细胞传导的影响三、病例分析题题目太长，大意是外伤后的一个年轻人表现为肾功能进行性恶化，少尿、肺部病变、昏迷、代谢性酸中毒、多器官功能衰竭。

南方医科大学考博解剖学真题带答案

南方医科大学人体解剖学真题简答题：1、肩关节的构成，结构特点和运动方式由肱骨头与肩胛骨关节盂构成，也称盂肱关节，属球窝关节。

其结构特点是:肱骨头大，关节盂浅而小，关节盂周缘有盂唇来加深关节窝，但仍仅能容纳关节头的1/4 —1/3。

关节囊薄而松弛。

关节囊的上壁有喙肱韧带，连于喙突至肱骨大结节之间，囊的前壁和后壁也有许多肌腱加入，以增加关节的稳固性。

囊的下壁相对最为薄弱。

故肩关节脱位时，肱骨头容易发生前下方脱位。

肱二头肌长头腱穿过关节腔。

肩关节为全身运动最灵活的关节，可作屈和伸，收和展，旋内和旋外运动以及环转运动（三轴运动）。

臂外展超过40-60°,继续抬高至180°时，常伴随胸锁、肩锁关节的运动及肩胛骨的旋转运动2、甲状腺手术切口的层次关系问：甲状腺手术入路经过哪些层次?这些层次有哪些形态特点？（复旦）如果甲状腺肿大能影响哪些局部器官（复旦）经过的层次：皮肤——浅筋膜（含颈阔肌）——封套筋膜——舌骨下肌群（胸骨舌骨肌一一胸骨甲状肌）一一气管前筋膜一一甲状腺真被膜一一甲状腺实质。

毗邻：左右两侧叶的后内侧临近喉与气管，咽与食管以及喉返神经，侧叶的后外侧与颈动脉鞘及颈交感干相邻，甲状腺侧叶后面有两对扁圆形的甲状旁腺。

当甲状腺肿大时，如向后压迫，可出现呼吸、吞咽困难和声音嘶哑：如向后外方压迫交感干时.可出现Horner综合征，即瞳孔缩小、眼裂变窄（上睑下垂）及眼球内陷等。

侧叶的后内侧与喉和气管、咽和食管以及喉返神经等相邻；侧叶的后外侧与颈动脉鞘及鞘内的颈总动脉、颈内静脉和迷走神经，以及位于椎前筋膜深面的颈交感干相邻。

3、子宫的形态，分部和固定装置问：子宫的位置，形态，分部，动、静脉来源、淋巴回流？（华西2001）试述子宫的形态、位置、姿势和固定装置。

（华西2002、2003）位置：子宫位于盆腔中部，前为膀胱，后为直肠，两侧有输卵管、卵巢及子宫阔韧带，下接阴道。

成年正常女性子宫为前倾前屈位。

2000~2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解【圣才出品】

2000年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解Paper OnePart ⅠListeningSection A Listening Comprehension (10%)Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read onlyonce. You must listen carefully and choose the right answer from the fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. For example:Talk One1. A. Heart attacks.B. Strokes.C. Drug addiction.D. Cerebral haemorrhage.2. A. About 860,000.B. About 1.5 million.C. About 1/2 of the total population.D. About 2/3 of the total population.3. A. Easy to use.B. Safe.C. Economical.D. Fast acting.【答案与解析】1.D 录音讲到很多医生都在使用一种叫做“streptokinase”的药，这种药剂有时会带来一些问题，甚至会引起“bleeding in the brain”。

cerebral haemorrhage的意思是“脑溢血”。

2.B 录音中明确指出“About 1.5 million Americans have heart attacks every year”。