2016外研社杯全国英语写作大赛、阅读大赛初赛通知
2020外研社·国才杯写作、阅读大赛
2020“外研社·国才杯”写作、阅读大赛学生官网报名攻略报名须知：●“外研社·国才杯”写作、阅读大赛初赛以学校为单位组织进行，同学们在报名前请与学校老师确认本校是否举行校内初赛。
●请使用Chrome或Firefox浏览器进行大赛官网相关操作。
一、注册官网账号第一步：打开大赛官网（），点击“选手报名/参赛”图标，进入选手报名页面。
第二步：系统检测登录状态，请登录Unipus账户，没有Unipus账户的用户需注册（建议使用手机号注册）。
（登录Unipus账户）（注册Unipus账户）登录后，系统自动返回报名页面，此时系统会检测账户状态，未绑定手机号的账户需绑定。
【重要提示】请务必牢记完成报名的手机号，参赛时建议直接使用手机号登录。
【请注意】若绑定手机时提示“手机号已存在”，则代表选手已有另一账号与该手机号进行了绑定。
但是记不清是哪个账户了怎么办呢？解决方法：Step1. 点击提示页面“确定”按钮后，点击右上角“退出”按钮，返回登录页面。
Step2. 在用户名处输入手机号，点击“忘记密码”，重置密码后重新登录。
二、填写基本信息成功登录、确认参赛协议后，选手需填写省份、学校、院系、年级、专业、学号、姓名、姓名拼音、邮箱等基本信息。
省份、学校、姓名、学号提交后不可修改，请务必仔细确认后提交！【注意】姓名拼音将显示在电子证书中，请务必按照范例格式填写，确保无误。
如姓名为马小小，姓名拼音应为“MA Xiaoxiao”。
三、报名相应比赛选手填完基本信息后，请务必点击相应比赛报名按钮，进入报名弹窗，点击“确认报名”，方视为报名成功。
1. 写作、阅读大赛写作、阅读大赛的官网报名流程一致，下面以写作大赛为例展示报名流程。
Step 1. 点击“写作大赛报名”按钮，Step 2. 查看比赛时间，点击“确认报名”按钮。
Step 3. 确认比赛报名成功比赛报名按钮变为“写作大赛已报名，查看比赛时间”（如下图），则代表选手报名成功。
2016年全国中学生英语能力竞赛获奖简报
2016年全国中学生英语能力竞赛获奖简报各中学：2016年全国中学生英语能力竞赛---初三年级组、高二年级组经过初赛和决赛二轮的激烈角逐，成绩已经揭晓。
现将获奖学校、获奖学生、优秀辅导教师及各奖项名次公布给你们，请各单位予以公布表彰。
获奖名单附后。
新沂市教师发展中心2016年12月28日高二年级全国一等奖（8名）获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师一中徐翊铭张倩倩一中王子王冬雪一中陈家伊王冬雪一中周美岐钱莉一中陈芯蕾陈丽如三中胡佳欣朱新艳一中谢子旭张倩倩一中王子宁朱倩倩全国二等奖（35名）获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师一中彭佳张倩倩一中王乐王冬雪一中闫艺嘉张倩倩一中刘洋鸣张长远一中张雪野陈丽如一中张政阳陈丽如一中房子艺王冬雪一中周圣迪胡周方一中卞星宇王冬雪一中林栩存王冬雪一中陆晓萱王冬雪一中刘钦元池金格一中钮浩张倩倩一中刘妍妍张长远一中陈越曹广荣一中张方耀张倩倩一中闫宇曹广荣一中陆子路曹广荣一中蔡艺一中周于非曹广荣一中乔渲淇王冬雪三中乜蓓妮朱新艳一中方圆张倩倩一中朱珂歆张倩倩一中王晨曹广荣一中刘寒张倩倩一中苗成城王冬雪一中史佳琦张倩倩瓦窑吴笑孙传芳一中孙羽陈绵憔一中李星辰张倩倩新高级陈玉寒朱明一中陈琛张倩倩三中周舟朱新艳一中王思允王冬雪全国三等奖（47名）获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师三中李锦晏小伟三中陈念何书斌一中邱雯雯王冬雪三中朱雨冉陈金枝三中张辰辰马沂三中沙宣池郑雅月一中彭梓宸曹广荣三中马也杨春丽一中孙萱雨陈丽如王楼许巧莉夏新礼一中刘轩辰曹广荣一中宋浩浩王扬州一中杜昊纯张倩倩棋盘倪雨荷马小伟一中张乃颀张倩倩三中种梓秋张秀梅一中王斌陈丽如新高级张紫欣宋方亭三中侯一董兴花一中马胜楠一中冯伟陈丽如三中梁慧敏程德玲一中李文政池金格三中唐牵牵于俊勇一中葛兴宝曹广荣三中张思思程德玲一中施雨辰陈丽如新高级邵洁徐慧一中蒋辰钱莉三中闫欣欣沈怀成一中张巧雅曹广荣新高级杜玉娇佟士月一中陈子怡王冬雪三中张万秋刘丽一中何冰冰池金格新高级孙悦悦吴自江一中王诗婕陈丽如王楼白巍巍李晓兰一中马源周领三中李诺何书斌三中胡春远刘瑶新高级马子滕宋方亭一中王一冰陈丽如新高级史梦楠刘雨虹三中沈文捷朱红一中袁雨欣池金格高流王春凤曹玲市一等奖（58名）获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师新高级朱莹莹佟士月一中孟晨张倩倩一中王思琦张倩倩启明谢淼范科红新高级赵璐胡树娟三中蒋佳佳马沂新高级彭辰朱明瓦窑华佳孙传芳三中何淑芳刘瑶瓦窑段冰欣韩滨二中孙婷婷吴娟新高级刘文雅王艳二中王雨晴王海兰高流戴秋雨曹玲瓦窑阮文王秀玲高流刘曼金柱磊二中王子贤王海兰瓦窑马旭韩滨新高级闫宇吴自江瓦窑任楚楚宋碧君一中王鑫张倩倩棋盘朱志磊马小伟瓦窑马鸣远韩滨高流李慧男孙登传新高级宋慧张永刚新高级王雪婷王艳新高级潘子硕徐慧高流范茜孙登传新高级卢玮胡树娟启明李陈何冬梅瓦窑赵欣慈韩滨瓦窑卓然王秀玲三中郝婷刘瑶二中尹雨婷王海兰王楼庄海颜张明星棋盘朱恬马小伟瓦窑蔡海啸孙传芳瓦窑马群孙传芳棋盘周金彤马广礼瓦窑田文静韩滨瓦窑柳永喜孙传芳启明翟长昭何冬梅新高级李若秋张永刚高流李秋园金柱磊棋盘孙颖马广礼高流张玉梅曹玲三中万姝婷程德玲棋盘陆伟娜马广礼新高级孙想刘雨虹启明王小巧范科红瓦窑刘阔孙传芳瓦窑王锦宋碧君高流王佳佳曹玲启明胡艳枝范科红棋盘陆启江马广礼高流栗棒棒孙登传王楼晁笑吴素娟三中韩紫璇朱新艳初三年级全国一等奖（20名）获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师钟吾蒋欣颖武燕钟吾胡家荣庄媛钟吾李佳伦刘春芝钟吾刘一诺武燕钟吾胡靖晨王秀权钟吾卓珍珍梁金梅钟吾藤一锐王尊业钟吾张越刘春芝瓦窑张佳敏赵艳钟吾张一鸣王尊业钟吾胡纯纯庄媛钟吾何子豪许静钟吾刘苏文庄媛二中夏泷蕊陈茂彬钟吾李梦竹张翠萍钟吾孙腾月庄媛钟吾徐胤哲王尊业钟吾曹馨月王尊业钟吾邵枫迪刘俊侠八中杨紫藤王静全国二等奖（78名）获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师钟吾宋林轩武燕六中段依含王敏钟吾苟玉武燕十中闻一铭冷静钟吾徐若榴庄媛钟吾石振宁许静钟吾许佳一梁金梅钟吾李雅琪许静钟吾李梦楠王尊业二中廖颖陈茂彬钟吾陈思琪张翠萍王楼孙晓岚闫长委钟吾夏子偌王秀权四中朱愉成袁林钟吾杜彬王秀权棋盘胡蓝月李成钟吾沙鑫李曼钟吾王璇訾娓四中沈凡炜季新荣钟吾张文腾许静钟吾毛力言庄媛钟吾李致锦李曼钟吾许淼王尊业小湖陆艺月孙永钟吾陆思均武燕唐店王科栋马恒改钟吾顾潇妹沈涛钟吾陈福君阮祥德六中崔金圃陈超实验刘航陈瑞红钟吾范楷卿王秀权钟吾臧玉璇訾娓钟吾丁月王秀权钟吾陈梓畅阮祥德钟吾何叔芬王尊业钟吾赵允李曼二中赵雪晴王妙月二中余文静侍曼二中马稳格王妙月王楼赵婉秋何敏钟吾顾秀格沈涛高流唐雪迪范鹏梅王楼王紫阳何敏钟吾石厅梁金梅钟吾王子雯刘春芝二中纪佳林侍曼钟吾石茹如訾娓二中马国杰侍曼钟吾季艺訾娓实验周奕孜袁茗钟吾孙伟智梁金梅邵店王婉婷丁浩六中周肖艳李士兵钟吾杨雨晴刘俊侠钟吾许云川王秀权六中陈驰李士兵钟吾晁晨曦武燕钟吾张嘉宸许静钟吾王小丫沈涛钟吾扬环宇梁金梅二中董昕鹏陈茂彬十中马莉刘惊风王楼许佳怡何敏实验陈凯宁张春红八中王惠国王静实验张辉耀袁茗钟吾刘小语庄媛唐店乔叶凡李先亮钟吾段然刘春芝邵店李典丁浩钟吾王媛刘春芝邵店陈雪彤鲍书红钟吾华旭泽许静高流王钟瑶仲雪钟吾孙天宇阮祥德十中朱曾曾蔡园钟吾咸奕茹沈涛草桥孙晓晗李娟全国三等奖（98名）获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师二中徐瑞陈茂彬钟吾许甜刘俊侠瓦窑吴蕊池洁十中周畅蔡园四中钱恩惠房德红草桥张耀元李娟实验许未了孙新荣马陵苗宇琪蒋其领时集吴可欣汪洪涛邵店徐丹鲍书红二中刘瑞侍曼高流胡思佳仲雪十中陆念李芹实验孙楚楚陈瑞红二中张明陈茂彬马陵訾嘉慧徐铁柱实验孙家鼐孙新荣邵店徐恒高流花马陵张妍李雷高流何宇琦苗生翠钟吾胡圣琦訾娓王楼丁荷恩闫长委钟吾孙硕刘俊侠八中徐知乐马恒娟四中胡子豪季新荣合沟朱承芮张引玲五中韩京成王庆芬港头林秋雨孙镇江十中顾然冷静实验潘广义张春红十中王一诺冷静邵店王俊丁浩实验张迅孙新荣二中杨森陈茂彬实验慎城南袁茗王楼王石朗王文华马陵李欣欣蒋其领瓦窑李彤彤赵艳钟吾房科辰訾娓十中伍兴达李芹钟吾唐浩伦刘俊侠窑湾臧小翠石敏钟吾陆宠宇梁金梅窑湾陈雨露何利二中鲍奕颖侍曼港头王冰凝孙镇江十中尚柯宋金梅城岗牛莙鑫李诚港头黄含笑孙镇江小湖冯冰清孙永钟吾张玉婵关畅小湖纪程智孙永瓦窑于永波葛赛时集吴佳贝黄英十中王志恒蔡园高流赵梦娇苗生翠草桥王芳李敬钟吾李文建刘俊侠唐店徐丹妮张海燕王楼陈苏闫长委高流王梦可苗生翠四中申林凡袁林棋盘李牵牵胡翠文十中谢宜原宋金梅二中陈文杰侍曼小湖徐阳孙永四中吴忠骏袁林小湖阮海棠孙永四中陆品茹周荣刚棋盘唐金栓胡翠文合沟朱诚达张引玲启明刘文杰何冬梅实验朱文婷陈建中钟吾杨柳关畅马陵陈熙蒋其领合沟刘腾芹陈卉猛马陵王甜甜蒋其领实验韩潇张春红踢球范苏梦熊秀兰新店司雪松司洪飞高流王牧天仲雪二中陆瑶王妙月钟吾袁启智刘春芝六中蔡瑞王敏钟吾许瀚文訾娓实验施元张春红钟吾衡思樾梁金梅马陵张妍蒋其领二中潘维依王妙月时集张静沈丽亚二中夏曼王妙月八中张佳欣王静二中仲奕奕侍曼十中闻紫琪宋金梅钟吾李春锦刘春芝十中许滋娉李芹四中姜延陈会秋合沟杨盈盈杨慧丽市一等奖（125名）获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师获奖学校获奖学生辅导老师草桥甄茜李娟高塘刘雨马莉城岗徐萧李诚唐店曹皙苒马恒改马陵李智骁李雷马陵陈广蒋其领高塘何婉婷何华丽时集曹安汪洪涛启明刘有为孙兰港头袁童语马杰十中靳洁茹蔡园实验蔡婷袁茗窑湾张誉何利新店葛桂华阵国富实验张霄楠孙新荣高流刘苏丽范鹏梅城岗郭俊言李诚棋盘宋佳硕房树娟城岗郭天宇李诚合沟王伟丰杨慧丽黑埠熊兰兰王振红唐店朱江王大莉棋盘蒋紫藤房树娟高塘郑学颖何华丽钟吾张梓蒙关畅棋盘陈南阳房树娟二中甄子越王妙月合沟杨凯歌陈卉猛王楼王肖王文华实验沈芳芳张春红十中赵若男刘惊风唐店毛天天张海燕实验鲁天乐袁茗邵店杨文静高流花新店陈美媛司洪飞阿湖胡新玲吴学为马陵祁瑶瑶蒋其领五中闻凡刘玉荣时集吴江涵黄英唐店吴凡凡马恒改二中刘晨王妙月邵店郑子波高流花瓦窑王全成王伟伟港头钱坤孙镇江六中栗莹莹陈超新店顾冰冰司洪飞十中孙宁宁宋金梅唐店李欣然何瑞莲合沟朱淼张引玲阿湖孙一迪吴学为踢球冯飞燕熊秀兰唐店乔士霁张海燕踢球董磊熊秀兰合沟张阿伦陈卉猛高流严起圣范鹏梅实验杨敏陈瑞红唐店杜芊芊张海燕五中毛欣雨刘玉荣唐店乔海燕何瑞莲新店韦天树司洪飞高塘汤文秀何华丽港头王冉马海青六中鲍栩璠王敏高塘顾小艺马莉合沟王号张引玲唐店江浩瀚李先亮草桥张潇雨李娟八中袁秀琦马恒娟草桥张楚晴李敬窑湾孟娜何利实验徐小雪张春红堰头赵千惠张杰实验王威陈瑞红黑埠徐宁王振红实验刘昱陈瑞红合沟陈淑颖杨慧丽唐店何雨泽李先亮唐店王振宇张海燕十中闻玉茹刘惊风合沟姬广惠陈卉猛马陵宋璇李雷草桥曹雪迎李娟黑埠熊嘉文贺晓蕾港头吕倩莲马杰高塘孙恬恬马莉黑埠朱金玲贺晓蕾八一韩诗情张继虎港头王俊马海青二中杜子文侍曼港头周塞孙镇江十中牛潇潇刘惊风高塘郑自强何华丽草桥陈冰晶李娟堰头林雨辰张杰唐店王婷婷张海燕港头徐勤潇马海青唐店周琳张海燕时集胡璇沈丽亚马陵张甜甜蒋其领实验李易易陈瑞红时集于飞凡朱邦宇八一高芸芸李敦志瓦窑房乐乐乔小翠唐店徐萌恩马恒改五中岳晚楠王庆芬五中徐露露刘玉荣合沟窦文雪杨慧丽窑湾张淼何利港头张伟孙镇江高塘李可马莉唐店万家宁何瑞莲新店葛轩明阵国富时集姜姝妤朱二林邵店陆彤鲍书红时集郝诗宇黄英八一张菲窈张继虎二中陈会楠王妙月窑湾杜子悦何利窑湾赵玉娣石敏城岗晁乐李诚唐店朱海宇李先亮高塘嵇雪琳何华丽时集张静轩汪洪涛港头晁梦委马杰高塘李妍颖马莉。
外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛样题
外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛初赛样题The。
was once a tool that allowed people to access a vast amount of n。
However。
it has now XXX。
In the past。
the。
was a place where people could learn about different cultures。
ideas。
XXX。
the。
has e a place where people are trapped in their own echo chambers。
Social media is a prime example of how the。
has XXX to show users content that they are more likely to engage with。
This means that people are only exposed to content that confirms their existing beliefs and ns。
As a result。
people are not exposed to different perspectives and ideas。
Instead。
they are trapped in a cycle of XXX.Another way in which the。
has e a walled room is through the use of paywalls。
Many news websites now require users to pay for access to their content。
This means that people who cannot afford to pay for access are XXX een those who can afford to access n and those who cannot。
2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题
2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 22 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes on the left with the people on the right. Please note there are two extra options you do not need to use.Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestions 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5. What is the best title for this text?A. The future of tourismB. The role of tourismC. The price of tourismD. The benefits of tourismQuestions 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Buying and selling anything is your forte now. If you visit a jumble or car-boot sale or the like, a romantic encounter is more than probable! News linked to the family is brilliant!6. What type of text is this?A. A personal advertisement.B. A personal horoscope.C. A friend’s letter of advice.D. A written warning.Questions 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find we’ve failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of your arrival. We’ll spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we can’t resolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we’ll fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as __________.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you’re not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It’s not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meaning of the missing word (XXXX) in the text?A. “something that is poor quality”B. “an item that is not essential, something extra”C. “something expensive but good value for money”D. “a fashion which always remains popular”Questions 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mother’s train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mother’s train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990¬1992 to 2014¬2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A.Current estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not have enough to eatbetween 2014 and 2016.B.Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9 per cent ofundernourished population.C.The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went down in thefirst five years of the new millennium.D.The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallen by almosthalf since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 38 minutes)Question 11-12 (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)Directions: Read the definitions of two types of logical fallacy. Answer the questions according to the definitions.11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A. That’s my stance on funding the education system, and anyone who disagrees with mehates children.B. You are so weird. That means—we are pretty much sure—that your whole family is weird,too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, we know that Godexists.D. I don’t care what you say. We don’t need any more booksh elves. As long as the carpet isclean, we are fine.12. Which of the following provides a typical example of a false dilemma?A. Smoking is harmful to health, so you are supposed to quit smoking.B. If the government doesn’t reduce public spendi ng, our economy will collapse.C. You may as well avoid overeating, or else you might be obese in no time.D. You are the worst of the classmates; therefore, what you say is incredible.Questions 13 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about syllogism. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of syllogism.Syllogism is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions tha t are asserted or assumed to be true. It is perhaps today’s most commonly accepted form of logical reasoning in aptitude tests. The most commonly used type of syllogisms is elucidated in a frequently used example:Premise 1: All men are mortal.Premise 2: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.Now practice syllogisms for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn’t necessarily represent the “truth” always.13. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: All human action is conditioned by circumstances.Premise 2: All human action involves morality.Conclusion: All that involves morality is conditioned by circumstances.Questions 14 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about contraposition. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of contraposition.In logic, contraposition is a law that says that a conditional statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive. The contrapositive of the statement has its antecedent and consequent inverted and flipped. The most commonly used type of contraposition is elucidated in the following example:Premise 1: If it is raining, then there are clouds in the sky.Premise 2: There are no clouds in the sky.Conclusion: It is not raining.Now practice contraposition for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn’t necessarily represent the “truth” always.14. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: If he is not an American, he is not from Texas.Premise 2: He is from Texas.Conclusion: He is an American.Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fade and take onnew meanings; sometimes we remember things that never evenhappened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker with memory’s physical basis. L ast year, in work evocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals’ brains b y zapping them with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete existing memories and “incept” false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had once associated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remains mysteriousB.scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happened to themC.advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD.some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is not what it really is16. The word “incept” is closest in meaning to ________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.People’s false memories result from the im pact of different emotion provoked by laterexperience on the same spot.B.The success in research indicates that it won’t be long that a therapy is worked out forpeople disturbed by painful memory.C.By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create, erase, or altertheir memories, good or bad.D.Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actually drawgreatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following passage about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the passage.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn’t receive treatment. C holera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True ( ) False ( )19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is a major source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Kočiský, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. Blunsom Published: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20. Previous studies didn’t take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.True ( ) False ( )21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensible to artificial intelligence related studies.True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about the “Think small” advertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the passage.Think SmallI f you’re interested in marketing and advertising, Volkswagen’s“Think small” campaign for the Beetle when it was firstintroduced to North America in 1959 looms large as one of thegreatest advertising campaigns of all time. It wasn’t just arevolution in automotive advertising; it changed the entireindustry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketing copy wasfull of bluster, and the images were flights of fancy, emphasizinglow, long lines and a fantasy lifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle’s compact, practical form may seem commonplace these days, but it was a revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars, horsepower, and tire smoke. Making the car small, when the convention was to make it fill the page, was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the advertising conventions of the time.__ 22__ The text was minimalist in both look and content, presenting the facts simply instead of trying to weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead of bluster, it ushered in an intelligent sense of humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke. The message was one of smartanti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does “Think small” continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever. “Think small” showed the power of hum or and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22. Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy.B.This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in a car ad.C.This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on the product itself.D.The car wasn’t depicted as an integral piece o f the daily lives of a middle class family.23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A.the ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengers evoking great joyabout new shiny big acquisitions.B.the marketing concept then focused on providing as much information as possible to thereader such as the way it’s created.C.the marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or a way of livingfrom average consumers’ perspective.D.the marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humor brought by the use ofexaggerated language.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify th e writer’s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer’s arguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-35 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt’s not that easy to answer the question, “what is fashion?” because it means different things to different people. Fashion is an art. It’s a religion. It’s a job. It’s a peek into a personality. It’s playfulness. It’s an escape or a disguis e. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately, 25 . French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, “Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is ha ppening.”It’s true. Fashion isn’t defined solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through the way we carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental, fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question “what is fashion”? Who decides what’s fashionable and what isn’t? What’s in or what’s out?Fashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as haute couture, Frenc h for “high sewing.” These designers lead the way in creating trend-setting fashion. While some of their designs are outrageous and completely unrealistic when it comes to everyday wear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies as well as adopted from magazine pages. “Sex and the City,” “The Devil Wears Prada,” these shows introduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing a Carrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together your own creation.Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson and Jessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A. several years ago, no one had given any thought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock ‘n’ roll is fashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis. What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandana while Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.Just because you don’t know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesn’t matter. All that matters is that you like it and it’s an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage BFashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. The modern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society. Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course. The modern society is more tolerant of differences and therefore places few shackles on the cycle of fashion. Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is rated more by observable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuine accomplishments. The clothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows have more weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assure himself a high social esteem. Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but its affluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than their ancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuries and to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more of fashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steam shovels. Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nike shorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not been the case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look, a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this—what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website. What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensive brand—a luxury—but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychain was not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the word “Prada” on a small charm.How can a company charge $180 for a keychain? The answer: people are willing to pay for it. People know the brand and conform to the idea of owning a piece of such an Italian “luxury.”This is nonsensical. Why do we choose to wear miniscule shorts in frigid weather or spend nearly $200 on a charm? Such decisions are influenced by peers, the media and the personal resolution to not make rational, individualistic choices. We cling to the idea of acceptance.In short, we often choose to abide by the pressures of social conventionality, and this leads us to make ridiculous selections—pairing Ugg boots with shorts or wearing neon with camouflage—which we would otherwise not make.I am certainly shamefaced in my occasional conformity to these ludicrous fashion folkways. I am guilty of donning Crocs in public. Yikes!Transient, often preposterous trends referred to as fads inspire some rather strange ideas. Who can recall the pet rocks of the ‘70s or Popples of the ‘80s? Such pop trends are not confined to behavior; they bleed into the fashion world, evidenced in overly distressed jeans, the most painful of neon shades, shoes that resemble Swiss cheese and a host of other fads I do not have the space to mention.I refuse to give up hope for societal common sense.One day we will comprehend that shorts are for the summer and ridiculously expensive keychains are for “never.” Do not allow others to dictate for you. Be bold. Be an individual. Do not buy the keychain.24. The phrase “might not be caught dead” in Passage A most probably means ______.A.would rather not die anywayB.might not be caught red handedC.would refuse completely to do somethingD.might be uneasy though doing something25. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in Passage A?A.fashion is an individual statement of expression for each of usB.fashion facilitates social change by providing a transitional stageC.fashion is not an individual choice but a group choiceD.fashion determines our speech, opinion, dress, music, art, etc.26. It can be inferred from Passage A that fashion designers, media, celebrities and musicians share the following views except ______.A.that fashion is anything but separated from the daily life of ordinary people.B.that nothing completely absurd and unrealistic can finally become fashion.C.that fashion is what society accepts and has an element of social sanction behind it.D.that if a particular choice remains confined to an individual it can’t be called fashion.27. The word “affluence” in Passage B is closest in meaning to ______.A. versatilityB. wealthinessC. peculiarityD. charisma28. According to Passage B, which of the following attributes may probably be more important than others for an individual to be favorably received now?A. A wide range of erudition.B. Loyalty to his or her friends.C. A passion for popular novels.D. Good virtues such as honesty.29. Which of the following is NOT true about the author’s attitude towards fashion according to Passage C?A.The author thinks it a waste of time mentioning a list of examples of irrational fads.B.People are mad about fashion and therefore lose their own good judgment.C.The author never allows himself to be carried away by the fashion trends.D.Behind the behavior of keeping up with fashion is a need to stay in the crowd.30-31. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the three passages.30. All the three passages agree that fashion plays a role in the interplay of class relations that it satisfies the contrary desires for novelty and for conformity.True ( ) False ( )31. None of the three passages are denying conventional social values in people’s judgment, for example, what’s considered good about things or people.True ( ) False ( )Part IV Read and CreateIn Part IV, you will read a passage and then write a short essay according to it. You should write with clarity and logic. (Time allowed: 40 minutes)Question 32 (Suggested completion time: 40 minutes)Directions: Read a passage from Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences. Write a short essay according to the passage.… And as a multitude of laws often only hampers justice, so that a state is best governed when, with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove perfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance to fail in observing them.The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that I might be assured that nothing was omitted.The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way, and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, provided only we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And I had little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was necessary to commence, for I was already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, considering that of all those who have hitherto sought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have been able to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I did not doubt but that such must have been the rule of their investigations.32. Answer the topic questions with no less than 300 words. You should write in YOUR OWN words:What is the main issue that Descartes explores in this part of the text, and w hat’s his method?。
全国英语阅读大赛题
全国英语阅读大赛题“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”样题一、“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”比赛内容包含四个环节：PartⅠRead and Know（读以明己）PartⅡRead and Reason（读以察世）PartⅢ Read and Question（读以启思）PartⅣ Read and Create（读以言志）二、比赛样题仅为2015年阅读大赛赛题的内容和形式样例，并非完整试卷。
三、大赛的模拟赛、复赛和决赛都将包含样题的四个环节，但各环节的赛题内容和形式会根据不同阶段比赛有所变化。
四、大赛的初赛由参赛学校参考样题内容自行命题，组委会不做硬性规定。
五、“PartⅣ Read and Create（读以言志）”部分，组委会将在赛前公布大赛推荐阅读书单。
Part I Read and KnowIn this part, you will read some questions about your abilities or personalities. Read as fast as you can and choose the answer that you think best describes yourself.Are You Charismatic?Charisma is the magnetic power that attracts people to you. It won’t affect the quality of your work or provide you with wonderful original ideas, but it remains one of the most vital talents if you want to make it b ig in life. If people who don’t even understand what you’re talking about believe that you are a genius, you will have made it. The following test will decide whether you’ve got what it takes.1) Do people find themselves attracted to you?A. Yes, it can be embarrassing sometimes.B. No, no more than other people.C. I suppose they do a bit.2) Do you find that people agree with you regardless of the quality of your arguments?A. No, never.B. Not that often.C. All the time.3) Would you find it easy to attract followers?A. No, not at all.B. Not very easy.C. Yes, it’s really no problem.4) Do you find casual acquaintances open up and tell you their life stories in intimate detail?A. Occasionally.B. Never.C. Happens all the time. Sometimes I just can’t get away....Part II Read and ReasonIn this part, you will read texts of different forms and genres. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on your comprehension, analysis and inferences of the texts.1. Among the four statements below, one statement is the main point, and the other three are specific support for the point. Identify the main point with P and the specific support with S.___A. Hungry bears searching for food often threaten hikers.___B. Hiking on that mountain trail can be very dangerous.___C. Severe weather develops quickly, leaving hikers exposed to storms and cold.___D. When it rains, the trail, which is very steep at some points, becomes slippery.2. Read the following cartoon. Put a tick by the three statements that are most logically based on the information suggested by the cartoon.___A.Lucy has just criticized the boy, Linus.___B. Linus feels Lucy’s criticism is valid.___C. Lucy feels very guilty that Linus has taken her criticism badly.___D. Lucy doesn’t seem to realize that people may accept constructive criticismbut reject destructive criticism.___E. The cartoonist believes we should never criticize others.___F. The car toonist believes it’s best to criticize others in a constructive way.3. Read an extract of an advertisement. Choose the answer which you think fits each question best according to the text.Young Environmental Journalist CompetitionHow to Enter:☆If you’re aged 16-25, we’re looking for original articles of 1,000 words (or less) with an environmental or conservation theme. The closing date for entries is 30 December, 2015.☆ Your article should show proof of investigative research, rather than relying solely on information from the Internet and phone interviews. You don’t have to go far. A report on pollution in a local stream would be as valid as a piece about the remotest rain forest.☆ Your article should show you are passionate and knowledgeable about environmental issues. It should also beobjective and accurate, while being creative enough to hold the reader’s interest. We are not looking for “think pieces” or opinion columns.☆ Your aim should be to advance understanding and awareness of environmental issues. You should be able to convey complex ideas of readers of this general interest magazine in an engaging and authoritative manner.☆Facts or information contained in short-listed articles will be checked.☆ Read the rules carefully.1) Before entering for the competition, young people must have_______.A. conducted some relevant research in their local areaB. gained a qualification in experimental researchC. uncovered some of the evidence in the research by themselvesD. consulted a number of specialists on the subject under research2) The articles submitted must_______.A. focus on straightforward conceptsB. include a range of viewsC. be accessible to non-specialistD. reveal the writer’s standpoint4.Read the passage below. Then choose the best answer to each question that follows.(1) Johnny Appleseed, one of the gentlest and most beloved of American folk heroes, was born in 1774in Leominster, Massachusetts. (2) His real name was John Chapman. (3) Chapman’s early li fe was full of misfortune. (4) First, his father left home to fight in the Revolutionary War. (5)Then John’s mother and baby brother died before John’s second birthday. (6) However, John’s fortunes improved when his father returned and remarried, and by the time John was in his teens, he had ten brothers and sisters.(7) As a young man, John began traveling west on foot, stopping to clear land and plant the apple seeds he always carried with him. (8) Settlers who followed John’s path were delighted to fin d young apple orchards dotting the landscape.(9) John was a friendly fellow who often stopped to visit with families along his way, entertaining them with stories of his travels. (10) Tales of his exploits followed him through Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana. (11) Many of the stories were true. (12) For instance, John really did travel barefoot through the snow, lived on the friendliest of terms with Indian tribes, and refused to shoot any animal. (13) Other tales about John, however, were exaggerations. (14) Settlers said, for example, that he slept in the treetops and talked to the birds or that he had once been carried off by a giant eagle. (15) Johnny Appleseed never stopped traveling until his death in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1845.1) Sentence 1 is a statement of_______.A. factB. opinionC. fact and opinion2) The details in sentences 4 and 5 support the point or points in _______.A. sentence 1B. sentence 2C. sentence 3D. sentence 63) The relationship between sentences 3 and 6 is one of_______.A. contrastB. additionC. cause and effectD. comparison4) We can conclude that Johnny Appleseed _______.A. provided apples for numerous settlersB. was quickly forgotten by the settlersC. grew wealthy by selling his apple treesD. left home because of problems with his family5) The passage suggests that Johnny Appleseed _______.A. grew weary of travelingB. had great respect for other people and animalsC. lived a very short but rich lifeD. planted many trees other than apple trees6) The tone of the passage is _______.A. pessimisticB. bitter and impassionedC. amused and excitedD. straightforward with a touch of admiration7) Which is the most appropriate title for this selection?A. The Planting of American Apple OrchardsB. Folk Heroes of AmericaC. Settlers Recall Johnny AppleseedD. The Life and Legend of John Chapman5.Read the passage below. Then choose the best answer to each question that follows.(1) Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizens’ patternsof response to politics. (2) By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. (3) By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizens’ focus on char acter rather than issues.(4)Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. (5) The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. (6) The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10-second “sound bite” in broadcast news. (7) Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and seea snippet of the speech on the news.(8) In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. (9) In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. (10) In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.(11) Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it requires a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. (12) Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. (13) Schools teach us to analyze words and print. (14) However, in a world in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.(15)Recogni zing the power of television’s pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, calledpseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. (16) Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. (17) Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.1) What is the main idea of the passage?A. Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issuebecause of television coverage.B. Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead ofin person.C. Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversialsince the introduction of television.D. Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.2) The word “disseminated” in sentence 1 is closest in meaning to_______.A. analyzedB. discussedC. spreadD. stored3) It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties _______.A. had more influence over the selection of political candidatesB. spent more money to promote their political candidatesC. attracted more membersD. received more money4) The author mentions the “stump speech” in sentence 6 as an example of _______.A. an event created by politicians to attract media attentionB. an interactive discussion between two politiciansC. a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth centuryD. a style of speech common to televised political events5) The word “that” in sentence 7 refers to _______.A. audienceB. broadcast newsC. politicianD. advertisement6) According to the passage, as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse was more successful at _______.A. allowing news coverage of political candidatesB. placing political issues within a historical contextC. making politics seem more intimate to citizensD. p roviding detailed information about a candidate’s private behavior7) The author states that “politicians assert but do not argue” in sentence 9 in order to suggest that politicians _______.A. make claims without providing reasons for the claimsB. take stronger positions on issues than in the pastC. enjoy explaining the issue to broadcastersD. dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens8) The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that_______.A. politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizensB. politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are less attractiveC. citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who did notD.citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better informed9) Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A. Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.B.Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.C. Citizens today are less informed about a politician’s character than in the past.D. Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.Part IIIRead and QuestionIn this part, you will read about related or contradictory views on a variety of issues. You will be required to identify the writer’s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer’s arguments.Read the following two passages and answer the questions.Passage AWhile On the origin of Species created a great stir when it was published in 1859, Darwinian thought was almost completely out of vogue by the turn of the twentieth century. It took Ronald Fisher’s “Great Synthesis” of the 1920s, which combined the genetic work of Gregor Mendel with Darwin’s ideas about natu ral selection, and Theodosius Dobzhansky’s “Modern Synthesis” of the 1930s, w hich was built uponFisher’s work with genetics within a species by focusing on how genetic variation could cause the origin of a new species, to begin to rehabilitate Darwin.Yet, what is remarkable is how very prescient Darwin, working without knowledge of the mechanisms of heredity, proved to be. As prominent biologist Ernst Mayr notes, what made Darwinian theory so remarkable was his emphasis on “population thinking”. This con trasts to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’stheory of evolution, popular throughout the nineteenth century, which posited that individuals changed personal actions and will. Lamarckian theory is often exemplified by a giraffe constantly reaching up to eat leaves off high branches and passing on its lengthened neck to its children.Such expl anations bore a strong resemblance to children’s fables (and indeed Rudyard Kipling’s late-nineteenth-century Just So Stories was built upon Lamarckian theories). Where Darwin differed was his insistence that significant variation was not based within one particular individual, but rather in the breeding population as a whole. Natural selection was not based on the actions or goals of one individual, but variations in the average character of the species.Passage BAs Peter Bowler points out in his aptly named The Non-Darwinian Revolution: Reinterpreting a Historical Myth, nineteenth-century Darwinism was quite different from the Darwinism of today. Thomas Huxley, “Darwin’s Bulldog”, so called because of his tireless public campaigning for Darwinian thought, exemplifies this difference. As a result of his advocacy, by the end of the nineteenth century Huxley was the vehicle forDarwinian thought. Noted science fiction writer H. G. Wells, for instance, garnered all of his information about natural selection and evolution through Huxley’s lectures. Yet Huxley’s theory varied significantly from th at of Darwin, focusing on the will of humankind.In the preface to Evolution and Ethics, Huxley wrote that “We cannot do without our inheritance from the forefathers who were the puppets of the cosmic process; the society which renounces it must be destroyed from without. Still less can we do with too much of it; the society in which it dominates must be destroyed from within.” According to Huxley, humankind has moved past physical evolution to the realm of self-directed moral evolution. Huxley, then, acknowledges that humankind has evolved under the p ressure of natural selection and must remain aware of the fact or be “destroyed from without”, but he argues that a society that continues in the path that Nature has placed it will be “destroyed from within” because it will no longer be adapted to itself.1) Based on the information in the passage, Rudyard Kipling most likely wrote stories ______.A. dedicated to enlightening humans by using animals as positive examples of proper behaviorB. based on futuristic worlds which were populated by evolved subjectsC. featuring individuals developing variation through the power of their desiresD. seeking to exhibit the effects of population thinking in breeding populationsE. portraying the effects of parental inheritance through examining the lives of children2) Which of the following best represents Hux ley’s beliefs?A. Focusing on physical evolution leaves man as nothing more than a “puppet” of forces beyond his control; to succeed in life it is necessary to reject physical evolution in favor of moral change.B. The ideas of Charles Darwin needed to be carefully delineated through lectures so that his ideas about individual variation could be fully understood.C. By exerting personal will, humankind will be able to enact significant, lasting variation which will be demonstrated through the bodies of the children of those who seek change.D.While humankind is inescapably linked to its physical past and the material conditions of its evolution, it must be wary of being too attached to the path dictated by natural selection.E. Certain elements of Darwin’s theory about evolution had to be discarded so that the public would be willing to accept the thrust of the theory as a whole.3) Which of the following would the authors of Passage A and Passage B mostly likely agree to be most closely aligned in their thinking?marck and Huxley.B. Kipling and Wells.C. Mayr and Bowler.D. Mendel and Huxley.E. Dobzhansky and Wells.4) Which of the following statements about Darwin is supported by both passages?A. Darwin differed significantly from other theorists of evolution because hefocused on breeding populations as a whole.B. The modern understanding of Darwin varies significantly from nineteenth-century beliefs about his theories.C. It was not until the early twentieth century that Darwinism as we know itbegan to emerge.D. Fiction writers were particularly interested in disseminating ideas aboutDarwin.E. Delineating the specific inheritance of the child is crucial to understandinghow natural selection proceeds.5) Which of the following best represents the difference between the two passages?A.The first passage begins with current understandings of Darwinism andmoves back in time, while the second passage begins with olderunderstanding and moves forward in time.B. While the first passage focuses on the difference between two theories ofevolution, the second paragraph traces differences between two individualinterpreters of evolution.C. The first passage introduces a general theory, offers specific evidence, andthen considers the ramifications of that theory, while the second passagedoes not consider the ramifications of the evidence it represents.D. The first passage is concerned with demonstrating a way in which Darwin isclosely linked with modern thinkers, while the second passage is focused onhow he differed from one of his contemporaries.E. The first passage provides a historical retrospective of the primaryinterpreters of Darwin, and the second passage centers on one particularinterpreter.6) Based on the information in Passage B, which of the following claims in Passage A would Thomas Huxley be most likely to object to?A. It is impossible to truly understand natural selection without the benefit ofmodern genetic theory.B. It is likely that the giraffe developed a long neck due to the fact that itconstantly stretched it to gain access to food.C. There are different ways to understand how evolution functions to changeindividuals.D. Variations in the average character of a population are the most crucialfactor in the proper evolution of man.E. Allowing natural selection to dominate our society will lead to thedestruction of humankind.7) Which of the following situations is most closely analogous to the Lamarckian mode of variation?A. An adult bird tries to change the environment for the benefit of its children.B. Seeking to morally adapt to its environment, a chimpanzee changes the wayit woos its mate.C. A giraffe’s bodily shape changes because it is unable to fit into the caves ittr aditionally sleeps in.D. Because of a change in the environment, a number of chimpanzees die outwhile others thrive and pass on their genes.E. Because it hunts for salmon with its mouth wide open, a bear graduallydevelops a straining mechanism between its teeth.Part IVRead and CreateIn this part, you will be required to write a short essay on a given topic based on your general reading. You should write with clarity, logic and creativity.1.Write an essay of about 200 words on one of the following topics.1) Hamlet is characterized by his melancholic mood anddelay in action. Give a character analysis of Hamlet and list the possible reasons for his melancholy and delay.2) A Tale of Two Cities can be regarded as a historical novel,a moral novel and a novel strongly concerned with themes of resurrection, redemption and patriotism, as well as of guilt, shame and love. What is your understanding of the themes of the novel?2.Read the essay below. Answer one of the following questions by writing an essay of about 200 words.Of StudiesStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, butnot curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defe ct of the mind may have a special receipt.1)We are now living in the age of “information explosion”. What lessons can we lea rn from Bacon’s “Of Studies” to access information”2)In what sense does reading make a full man?。
2016年外研社阅读大赛样卷
2016年“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛一、大赛主题“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”于2015年举办，旨在通过比赛的设计，为大学生提供阅读实践的机会和自我挑战的舞台。
赛题将以国际化人才要求为标准，融入思辨性、拓展性和创造性等关键要素，增强学生的跨文化交际意识，开拓其国际视野，提升其国际素养。
二、大赛组织主办单位：外语教学与研究出版社、北京外研在线教育科技有限公司合办单位：教育部高等学校大学外语教学指导委员会教育部高等学校英语专业教学指导分委员会中国外语教育研究中心三、参赛对象全国具有高等学历教育招生资格的普通高等学校在校本、专科学生、研究生（不包括在职研究生），35岁以下，中国国籍。
曾获得往届“‘外研社杯’全国英语写作大赛”出国及港澳交流奖项的选手不包括在内。
四、参赛方式初赛：符合参赛资格的高校学生可直接向本校外语院（系）或大学外语教学部咨询、报名和参加初赛。
复赛：初赛结束后，举办初赛的外语院（系）或大学外语教学部向本省（市、自治区）大学外语教学研究会报名参加复赛。
每校参赛人数由本省（市、自治区）大学外语教学研究会确定并公布。
决赛：复赛结束后，各省（市、自治区）大学外语教学研究会将获得决赛资格的3名选手向大赛组委会秘书处报名参加全国决赛。
五、参赛注册（报名）大赛官方网站将于2016年6月27日起开放注册窗口。
所有报名参赛的选手必须在大赛官网注册，填写个人信息。
参赛选手在大赛网站注册时所用的电子邮箱及手机号将作为参加复赛和决赛时登录大赛写作系统的重要认证信息。
没有注册的选手无法参加复赛。
参赛选手注册的个人信息须准确、真实。
如经组委会查证与真实情况不符，将取消其参赛资格。
六、赛题构成“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”比赛内容包含四个环节：Part I. Read and Know（读以明己）Part II. Read and Reason（读以察世）Part III. Read and Question（读以启思）Part VI. Read and Create（读以言志）七、组织形式初赛参赛方式：各参赛学校作为初赛赛点，由本校外语院（系）或大学外语教学部负责组织实施。
外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题
2015“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”样题一、2015 年“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”比赛内容包含四个环节：Part I Read and Know（读以明己）Part II Read and Reason（读以察世）Part III Read and Question（读以启思）Part IV Read and Create（读以言志）二、比赛样题仅为2015 年阅读大赛赛题的内容和形式样例，并非完整试卷。
三、大赛的模拟赛、复赛和决赛都将包含样题的四个环节，但各环节的赛题内容和形式会根据不同阶段有所变化。
四、大赛的初赛由参赛学校参考样题内容自行命题，组委会不做硬性规定。
五、“Part I Read and Know（读以明己）”部分不计成绩，根据参赛选手答题情况给予个性化反馈。
六、“Part VI Read and Create（读以言志）”部分，组委会将在赛前公布大赛推荐阅读书单。
比赛样题：Part I Read and KnowIn this part, you will read some questions about your abilities or personalities. Read as fastas you can and choose the answer that you think best describes yourself. Are You Charismatic?Charisma is the magnetic power that attracts people to you. It won’t affect the quality of your workor provide you with wonderful original ideas, but it remains one of the most vital talents if you want tomake it big in life. If people who don’t even understand what you’re talking about believe that you area genius, you will have made it. The following test will decide whether you’ve got what it takes.1) Do people find themselves attracted to you?A. Yes, it can be embarrassing sometimes.B. No, no more than other people.C. I suppose they do a bit.2) Do you find that people agree with you regardless of the quality of your arguments?A. No, never.B. Not that often.C. All the time.3) Would you find it easy to attract followers?A. No, not at all.B. Not very easy.C. Yes, it’s really no problem.4) Do you find casual acquaintances open up and tell you their lifestories in intimate detail?A. Occasionally.B. Never.C. Happens all the time. Sometimes I just can’t get away.Part II Read and ReasonIn this part, you will read texts of different forms and genres. Read the instructionscarefully and answer the questions based on your comprehension, analysis and inferencesof the texts.1. Among the four statements below, one statement is the main point, and the other three arespecific support for the point. Identify the main point with P and the specific support with S.___A. Hungry bears searching for food often threaten hikers.___B. Hiking on that mountain trail can be very dangerous.___C. Severe weather develops quickly, leaving hikers exposed to storms and cold.___D. When it rains, the trail, which is very steep at some points, becomes slippery.2. Read the following cartoon. Put a tick by the three statements that are most logically basedon the information suggested by it.___A. Lucy has just criticized the boy, Linus.___B. Linus feels Lucy’s criticism is valid.___C. Lucy feels very guilty that Linus has taken her criticism badly. ___D. Lucy doesn’t seem to realize that people may accept constructive criticism but reject destructive criticism.___E. The cartoonist believes we should never criticize others.___F. The cartoonist believes it’s best to criticize others in a constructive way.3. Read an extract of an advertisement. Choose the answer which you think fits each questionbest according to the text.Young Environmental Journalist CompetitionHow to Enter:If you’re aged 16-25, we’re looking for original articles of 1,000 words (or less) withan environmental or conservation theme. The closing date for entries is 30 December, 2015.Your article should show proof of investigative research, rather than relying solely oninformation from the Internet and phone interviews. Y ou don’t have to go far. A reporton pollution in a local stream would be as valid as a piece about the remotest rain forest.Your article should show you are passionate and knowledgeable about environmentalissues. It should also be objective and accurate, w hile being creative enough to holdthe reader’s interest. We are notlooking for“think pieces” or opinion columns.Your aim should be to advance understanding and awareness of environmental issues. Youshould be able to convey complex ideas of readers of this general interest magazine in anengaging and authoritative manner.Facts or information contained in short-listedarticles will be checked.Read the rules carefully.1) Before entering for the competition, young people must have_______.A. conducted some relevant research in their local areaB. gained a qualification in experimental researchC. uncovered some of the evidence in the research by themselvesD. consulted a number of specialists on the subject under research2) The articles submitted must_______.A. focus on straightforward conceptsB. include a range of viewsC. be accessible to non-specialistD. reveal the writer’s standpoint4. Read the passage below. Then choose the best answer to each question that follows.(1) Johnny Appleseed, one of the gentlest and most beloved of American folk heroes, was born in1774 in Leominster, Massachusetts. (2) His real name was John Chapman. (3) Chapman’s early lifewas full of misfortune.(4) First, his father left home to fight in the Revolutionary War. (5) ThenJohn’s mother and baby brother died before John’s second birthday.(6) However, John’s fortunesimproved when his father returned and remarried, and by the time John was in his teens, he had tenbrothers and sisters.(7) As a young man, John began traveling west on foot, stopping to clear land and plant the appleseeds he always carried with him. (8) Settlers who followed John’s path were delighted to findyoung apple orchardsdotting the landscape.(9) John was a friendly fellow who often stopped to visit with families along his way, entertaining them with stories of his travels. (10) Tales of his exploits followed him through Pennsylvania, Ohio,and Indiana. (11) Many of the stories were true. (12) For instance, John really did travel barefoot through the snow, lived on the friendliest of terms with Indian tribes, and refused to shoot anyanimal. (13) Other tales about John, however, were exaggerations.(14) Settlers said, for example,that he slept in the treetops and talked to the birds or that he had once been carried off by a gianteagle. (15) Johnny Appleseed never stopped traveling until his death in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1845.1) Sentence 1 is a statement of_______.A. factB. opinionC. fact and opinion2) The details in sentences 4 and 5 support the point or points in _______.A. sentence 1B. sentence 2C. sentence 3D. sentence 63) The relationship between sentences 3 and 6 is one of _______.A. contrastB. additionC. cause and effectD. comparison4) We can conclude that Johnny Appleseed _______.A. provided apples for numerous settlersB. was quickly forgotten by the settlersC. grew wealthy by selling his apple treesD. left home because of problems with his family5) The passage suggests that Johnny Appleseed _______.A. grew weary of travelingB. had great respect for other people and animalsC. lived a very short but rich lifeD. planted many trees other than apple trees6) The tone of the passage is _______.A. pessimisticB. bitter and impassionedC. amused and excitedD. straightforward with a touch of admiration7) Which is the most appropriate title for this selection?A. The Planting of American Apple OrchardsB. Folk Heroes of AmericaC. Settlers Recall Johnny AppleseedD. The Life and Legend of John Chapman5. Read the passage below. Then choose the best answer to each question that follows.(1) Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in whichinformation is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen’s patterns of response to politics.(2) By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. (3) By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen’s focus on character rather than issues.(4) Television has altered the forms of political communication as well.(5) The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were.(6) The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second “sound bite” in broadcast news. (7) Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.(8) In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. (9) In 15 or 30 seconds,a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others.(10) In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.(11) Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it requires a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. (12) Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. (13) Schools teach us to analyze words and print. (14) However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.(15) Recognizing the power of television’s pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events,called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. (16) Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. (17) Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.1) What is the main idea of the passage?A. Citizens in the United States are now more informed about politicalissue because of television coverage.B. Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians ontelevision instead of in person.C. Politics in the United States has become substantially morecontroversial since the introduction of television.D. Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.2) The word “disseminated” in sentence 1 is closest in meaningto_______.A. analyzedB. discussedC. spreadD. stored3) It can be inferred that before the introduction of television,political parties _______.A. had more influence over the selection of political candidatesB. spent more money to promote their political candidatesC. attracted more membersD. received more money4) The author mentions the “stump speech” in sentence 6 as an example of _______.A. an event created by politicians to attract media attentionB. an interactive discussion between two politiciansC. a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth centuryD. a style of speech common to televised political events5) The word “that” in sentence 7 refers to _______.A. audienceB. broadcast newsC. politicianD. advertisement6) According to the passage, as compared with televised speeches,traditional political discourse was more successful at _______.A. allowing news coverage of political candidatesB. placing political issues within a historical contextC. making politics seem more intimate to citizensD. providing detailed information about a candidate’s private behavior7) The author states that “politicians assert but do not argue” insentence 10 in order to suggestthat politicians _______.A. make claims without providing reasons for the claimsB. take stronger positions on issues than in the pastC. enjoy explaining the issue to broadcastersD. dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens8) The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that_______.A. politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizensB. politicians who are considered very attractive are favored bycitizens over politicians who are less attractiveC. citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who does notD. citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political imagesin order to become better informed9) Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?A Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.B. Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizensthan in the past.C. Citizens today are less informed about a politician’s character than in the past.D. Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.Part III Read and QuestionIn this part, you will read about related or contradictory views on a variety of issues.You will be required to identify the writer’s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer’s arguments.Read the following two passages and answer the questions.Passage AWhile The origin of Species created a great stir when it was published in 1859, Darwinian thought was almost completely out of vogue by the turn of the twentieth century. It took Ronald Fisher’s “Great Synthesis”of the 1920s, which combined the genetic work of Gregor Mendel with Darwin’s ideas about natural selection, and Theodosius Dobzhansky’s “Modern Synthesis” of the 1930s, which built upon Fisher’s work with genetics within a species by focusing on how genetic variation could cause the origin of a new species, to begin to rehabilitate Darwin.Yet, what is remarkable is how very prescient Darwin, working without knowledge of the mechanisms of heredity, proved to be. As prominent biologist Ernst Mayr notes, what made Darwinian theory so remarkable was his emphasis on “population thinking.” This contrasts to Jean- Baptiste Lamarck’s theory of evolution, popular throughout the nineteenth century, which posited that individuals changed personal actions and will. Lamarckian theory is often exemplified by a giraffe constantly reaching up to eat leaves off high branches and passing on its lengthened neck to its children.Such explanations bore a strong resemblance to children’s fables (and indeed Rudyard Kipling’s late nineteenth century Just so Stories build upon Lamarckian theories). Where Darwin differed was his insistence that significant variation was not based within one particular individual, but rather in the breeding population as a whole. Natural selection was not based on the actions or goals of one individual, but variations in the average character of the species.Passage BAs Peter Bowler points out in his aptly named The Non-Darwinian Revolution: Reinterpreting a Historical Myth, nineteenth century Darwinism was quite different from the Darwinism of today. Thomas Huxley, “Darwin’s Bulldog,” so called because of his tireless public campaigning for Darwinian thought, exemplifies this difference. As a result of his advocacy, by the end of the nineteenth century Huxley was the vehicle for Darwinian thought. Noted science fiction writer H.G. Wells,for instance, garnered all of his information about natural selection and evolution through Huxley’s lectures. Yet Huxley’s theory va ried significantly from those of Darwin, focusing on the willof humankind.In the preface to Evolution and Ethics, Huxley wrote that “We cannot do without our inheritance from the forefathers who were the puppets of the cosmic process; the society which renounces it must be destroyed from without. Still less can we do with too much of it; the society in which it dominates must be destroyed from within.” According to Huxley, humankind has moved past physical evolution to the realm of self-directed moral evolution. Huxley, then, acknowledges that humankind has evolved under the pressure of natural selection and must remain aware of the fact or be “destroyed from without,” but he argues that a society that continues in the path that Nature has placed it will be “destroyed from within” because it will no longer be adapted to itself.1) Based on the information in the passage, Rudyard Kipling mostly likely wrote stories ______.A. dedicated to enlightening humans by using animals as positive examples of properbehaviorB. based on futuristic worlds which were populated by evolved subjectsC. featuring individuals developing variation through the power of their desiresD. seeking to exhibit the effects of population thinking in breeding populationsE. portraying the effects of parental inheritance through examiningthe lives of children2) Which of the following best represents Huxley’s beliefs?A. Focusing on physical evolution leaves man as nothing more than a“puppet” of forces beyond his control; to succeed in li fe it isnecessary to reject physical evolution in favor of moral change.B. The ideas of Charles Darwin needed to be carefully delineatedthrough lectures so that his ideas about individual variation could be fully understood.C. By exerting personal will, humankind will be able to enactsignificant, lasting variation which will be demonstrated through the bodies of the children of those who seek change.D. While humankind is inescapably linked to its physical past and thematerial conditionsof its evolution, it must be wary of being too attached to the path dictated by natural selection.E. Certain elements of Darwin’s theory about evolution had to bediscarded so that the public would be willing to accept the thrust of the theory as a whole.3) Which of the following would the authors of Passage A and Passage Bmostly likely agree to be most closely aligned in their thinking?A. Lamarck and Huxley.B. Kipling and Wells.C. Mayr and Bowler.D. Mendel and Huxley.E. Dobzhansky and Wells.4) Which of the following statements about Darwin is supported by both passages?A. Darwin differed significantly from other theorists of evolutionbecause he focused on breeding populations as a whole.B. The modern understanding of Darwin varies significantly fromnineteenth-century beliefs about his theories.C. It was not until the early twentieth century that Darwinism as weknow it began to emerge.D. Fiction writers were particularly interested in disseminating ideasabout Darwin.E. Delineating the specific inheritance of the child is crucial tounderstanding how natural selection proceeds.5) Which of the following best represents the difference between the two passages?A. The first passage begins with current understandings of Darwinismand moves back in time, while the second passage begins with older understanding and moves forward in time.B. While the first passage focuses on the difference between twotheories of evolution, the second paragraph traces differencesbetween two individual interpreters of evolution.C. The first passage introduces a general theory, offers specificevidence, and thenconsiders the ramifications of that theory, while the secondpassage does not consider the ramifications of the evidence itrepresents.D. The first passage is concerned with demonstrating a way in whichDarwin is closely linked with modern thinkers, while the second passage is focused on how he differed from one of hiscontemporaries.E. The first passage provides a historical retrospective of the primaryinterpreters of Darwin, and the second passage centers on oneparticular interpreter.6) Based on the information in Passage B, which of the following claimsin Passage A would Thomas Huxley be most likely to object to?A. It is impossible to truly understand natural selection without the benefit of modern genetictheory.B. It is likely that the giraffe developed a long neck due to the factthat it constantly stretchedit to gain access to food.C. There are different ways to understand how evolution functions to change individuals.D. Variations in the average character of a population are the most crucial factor in the properevolution of man.E. Allowing natural selection to dominate our society will lead to the destruction of humankind.7) Which of the following situations is most closely analogous to the Lamarckian mode of variation?A. An adult bird tries to change the environment for the benefit of its children.B. Seeking to morally adapt to its environment, a chimpanzee changes the way it woos its mate.C. A gi raffe’s bodily shape changes because it is unable to fit into the caves it traditionallysleeps in.D. Because of a change in the environment, a number of chimpanzees die out while othersthrive and pass on their genes.E. Because it hunts for salmon with its mouth wide open, a bear gradually develops astraining mechanism between its teeth.Part IVRead and CreateIn this part, you will be required to write a short essay on a given topic based on yourgeneral reading. You should write with clarity, logic and creativity.1. Write an essay of about 200 words on one of the following topics.1) Hamlet is characterized by his melancholic mood and delay in action.Give a characteranalysis of Hamlet and list the possible reasons for his melancholy and delay.2) A Tale of Two Cities can be regarded as a historical novel, a moral novel and a novel stronglyconcerned with themes of resurrection, redemption and patriotism, as well as of guilt, shameand love. What is your understanding of the themes of the novel?2. Read the essay below. Answer one of the following questions by writing an essay of about200 words.Of StudiesStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience:for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be onlyin the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, ifa man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a presentwit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he does not. Historiesmake men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logicand rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in thewit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriateexercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walkingfor the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another,let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.1) We are now living in the age of “information explosion”. What lessons can we learn fromBacon’s “Of Studies” to access information?2) In what sense does reading make a full man?。
外研社杯 中学生外语素养大赛 参加国家赛等级要求
外研社杯中学生外语素养大赛参加国家赛等级要求全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：外研社杯中学生外语素养大赛是一项全国性的比赛，旨在提高中学生的外语水平，培养他们的外语素养和全面发展。
参加国家赛的学生需要满足一定的要求，下面就让我们来看看这些要求。
参加国家赛的学生需要在地区赛和省赛中脱颖而出，获得参加国家赛的资格。
这表明他们在语言表达、听力、阅读、写作等方面都具备相当的能力，能够在大赛中取得不俗的成绩。
语言表达能力是参加国家赛的重要要求之一，学生要能够准确、流利地运用英语表达自己的想法和观点，展示出自己独特的语言风采。
参加国家赛的学生需要具备较强的阅读能力和听力理解能力。
在大赛中，可能会有大量的阅读理解题目和听力测试，学生需要能够迅速准确地理解并回答问题，展示出自己的快速反应能力和理解能力。
这需要学生平时多加练习，提高自己的阅读和听力水平，为参加国家赛做好充分的准备。
参加国家赛的学生需要具备一定的写作能力。
写作在外语学习中是非常重要的一环，学生需要能够准确表达自己的观点和想法，并且有逻辑性和条理性。
在国家赛中，可能会有写作任务，学生需要能够自信地面对这些任务，并用自己优美的语言和深刻的思考展示自己的写作能力。
参加国家赛的学生需要具备良好的心理素质和团队合作能力。
大赛会有一定的压力和挑战，学生需要能够保持冷静、沉着，并且具备克服困难的毅力和勇气。
在比赛中，学生可能需要与队友合作完成任务，这就需要他们具备团队合作的精神和配合能力，共同为团队的荣誉而努力。
参加国家赛的学生需要具备一定的综合素养和能力，成绩优秀、心理素质良好、团队合作能力强。
只有具备这些要求，学生才能在外研社杯中学生外语素养大赛的国家赛中取得好成绩，展现出自己优秀的外语素养和全面发展。
希望每一位参赛的学生都能够在比赛中尽展风采，不断提高自己的外语水平，为未来的发展打下坚实的基础。
【外研社杯中学生外语素养大赛参加国家赛等级要求】结束。
第二篇示例：外研社杯中学生外语素养大赛是一项全国性的英语比赛，旨在提高中学生的外语水平，并培养他们的综合能力和语言表达能力。
2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题
2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time allowed: 22 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes on the left with the people on the right. Please note there are two extra options you do not need to use.Questions 4 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.To ensure the high standards of facilities we need to build new wards, laboratories and consulting rooms. In short, we need your help now. Complete the coupon today and rest assured that your donation is going to the best possible cause.4. Where is the piece of text taken from?A. an advertisementB. an instruction bookletC. a storyD. a newspaperQuestions 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Few corners of the world remain untainted by intrepid tourists, and their impact is often devastating. Too frequently they trample heedlessly on fragile environments, displacing wildlife and local populations in their insatiable quest for unexplored locations.5. What is the best title for this text?A. The future of tourismB. The role of tourismC. The price of tourismD. The benefits of tourismQuestions 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.Buying and selling anything is your forte now. If you visit a jumble or car-boot sale or the like, a romantic encounter is more than probable! News linked to the family is brilliant!6. What type of text is this?A. A personal advertisement.B. A personal horoscope.C. A friend’s letter of advice.D. A written warning.Questions 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.With our travel agency, the holiday you book is the holiday you get. If you arrive and find we’ve failed to live up to our promises, let us know what the problem is within one day of your arrival. We’ll spend 24 hours doing everything possible to sort the problem out. In the unlikely event that we can’t resolve your problem and make you happy within 24 hours, we’ll fly you home and give your money back.7. The text could best be described as __________.A. a commitmentB. an appealC. a warningD. a vowQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.The new digital cameras are great fun and very easy to use. They let you review your pictures the moment you take them, so you can re-shoot right away if you’re not satisfied. But remember, a digital camera is just a computer XXXX. It’s not a replacement for your ordinary camera.8. What is the meaning of the missing word (XXXX) in the text?A. “something that is poor quality”B. “an item that is not essential, something extra”C. “something expensive but good value for money”D. “a fashion which always remains popular”Questions 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.She had gone alone, but the children were to go to the station to meet her. And loving the station as they did, it was only natural that they should be there a good hour before there was any chance of Mother’s train arriving, even if the train were punctual, which was most unlikely.9. What can you say about their mother’s train?A. It would probably be early.B. It would probably be on time.C. It would probably be late.D. It had been cancelled.Question 10 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: The bar chart shows the number and proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions, from 1990¬1992 to 2014¬2016. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report201510. Choose the INCORRECT description about the chart.A.Current estimates suggest that nearly one in nine individuals do not haveenough to eat between 2014 and 2016.B.Projections indicate that the 2015 MDG target is nearly reached, with 12.9per cent of undernourished population.C.The situation noticeably improved during the years 1995-1999, but went downin the first five years of the new millennium.D.The proportion of undernourished people in the developing regions has fallenby almost half since 1990.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time allowed: 38 minutes)Question 11-12 (Suggested completion time: 10 minutes)Directions: Read the definitions of two types of logical fallacy. Answer the questions according to the definitions.11. Which of the following provides a typical example of poisoning the well?A. That’s my stance on funding the education system, and anyone who disagreeswith me hates children.B. You are so weird. That means—we are pretty much sure—that your whole familyis weird, too.C. God exists because the Bible says so. The Bible is inspired. Therefore, weknow that God exists.D. I don’t care what you say. We don’t need any more bookshelves. As long asthe carpet is clean, we are fine.12. Which of the following provides a typical example of a false dilemma?A. Smoking is harmful to health, so you are supposed to quit smoking.B. If the government doesn’t reduce public spending, our economy will collapse.C. You may as well avoid overeating, or else you might be obese in no time.D. You are the worst of the classmates; therefore, what you say is incredible.Questions 13 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about syllogism. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of syllogism.Syllogism is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true. It is perhaps today’s most commonly accepted form of logical reasoning in aptitude tests. The most commonly used type of syllogisms is elucidated in a frequently used example:Premise 1: All men are mortal.Premise 2: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.Now practice syllogisms for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn’t necessarily represent the “truth” always.13. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: All human action is conditioned by circumstances.Premise 2: All human action involves morality.Conclusion: All that involves morality is conditioned by circumstances.Questions 14 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about contraposition. Decide whether the reasonings are Valid or Invalid based on the principles of contraposition.In logic, contraposition is a law that says that a conditional statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive. The contrapositive of the statement has its antecedent and consequent inverted and flipped. The most commonly used type of contraposition is elucidated in the following example: Premise 1: If it is raining, then there are clouds in the sky.Premise 2: There are no clouds in the sky.Conclusion: It is not raining.Now practice contraposition for IQ tests. Please note that the conclusion is based on logical reasoning and doesn’t necessarily represent the “truth” always.14. Valid ( ); Invalid ( )Premise 1: If he is not an American, he is not from Texas.Premise 2: He is from Texas.Conclusion: He is an American.Questions 15-17 (Suggested completion time: 6 minutes)Directions: Read the text about a science discovery. Answer the questions according to the text.Manipulating MemoryMemory is notoriously malleable. Our recollections fade andtake on new meanings; sometimes we remember things that nevereven happened. But 15 .Recently, however, scientists have started to grasp and tinker with memory’s physical basis. Last year, in work evocative of films such as Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind and Inception, researchers discovered ways to manipulate specific memories in mice using optogenetics, a powerful technique that can trigger nerve cells in animals’ brains by zapping them with beams of laser light. In a series of experiments, they showed that they could delete existing memories and “incept”false ones.This year, researchers went even further: switching the emotional content of a memory in mice from bad to good and vice versa. Under the laser, for example, male mice that had once associated a certain room with being shocked were tricked into acting as though they had once met friendly female mice there instead.Whether the mice in these experiments actually experienced vivid false memories or just a fuzzy sense of pleasure or fear is unclear. Nor is it clear whether the findings apply to the tricks of memory so familiar to people. Long-sought therapeutic advances, such as treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder, could remain far off. One thing is certain, however: Once considered beyond scientific dissection, memory is finally starting to yield its secrets.15. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.what is really happening in our brain as memories are remodeled remainsmysteriousB.scientists are curious about why people are oblivious to what have happenedto themC.advanced technology has helped scientists discover the workings of our brainD.some scientists argue that what we observe about human memory is not whatit really is16. The word “incept” is closest in meaning to ________.A. operateB. startC. detectD. occupy17. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A.People’s false memories result from the impact of different emotion provokedby later experience on the same spot.B.The success in research indicates that it won’t be long that a therapy isworked out for people disturbed by painful memory.C.By zapping the brain cells of mice with light, researchers are able to create,erase, or alter their memories, good or bad.D.Many fancy ideas in science fictions or movies that are based on them actuallydraw greatly upon scientific achievement.Questions 18-19 (Suggested completion time: 4 minutes)Directions: Read the following passage about cholera. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the passage.A child receives the oral cholera vaccine ShancholCholera is caused by a bacterial infection of the intestine. Approximately one in 20 people infected with cholera has a serious case, with symptoms including severe diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. These symptoms quickly cause dehydration and shock, and can result in death within hours if the infected person doesn’t receive treatment. Cholera is typically transmitted by contaminated food or water. In areas with poor treatment of sewage and drinking water, the feces of people with cholera can enter the water supply and spread quickly, resulting in an epidemic. The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in some coastal waters, so shellfish eaten raw can be a source of cholera in affected areas.18. Cholera is known to be a life-threatening disease which easily causes death of most of the patients.True ( ) False ( )19. Cholera typically occurs in areas near the sea or the river where contaminated food is a major source of the disease.True ( ) False ( )Questions 20-21 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the abstract of a research paper from the DeepMind website. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the abstract.Teaching Machines to Read and ComprehendAuthors: K. M. Hermann, T. Kočiský, E. Grefenstette, L. Espeholt, W. Kay, M. Suleyman, P. BlunsomPublished: NIPS 2015Abstract: Teaching machines to read natural language documents remains an elusive challenge. Machine reading systems can be tested on their ability to answer questions posed on the contents of documents that they have seen, but until now large scale training and test datasets have been missing for this type of evaluation. In this work we define a new methodology that resolves this bottleneck and provides large scale supervised reading comprehension data. This allows us to develop a class of attention based deep neural networks that learn to read real documents and answer complex questions with minimal prior knowledge of language structure.20. Previous studies didn’t take constant effort to evaluate the reading ability of artificial intelligence machines, which was why the present research was conducted.True ( ) False ( )21. One implication of the research is that a methodology that helps gather and handle big data is indispensible to artificial intelligence related studies.True ( ) False ( )Questions 22-23 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about the “Think small” advertising campaign. Answer the questions according to the passage.Think SmallI f you’re interested in marketing and advertising,Volkswagen’s “Think small” campaign for the Beetlewhen it was first introduced to North America in 1959looms large as one of the greatest advertising campaignsof all time. It wasn’t just a revolution in automotiveadvertising; it changed the entire industry.Until the Beetle hit the market, automotive marketingcopy was full of bluster, and the images were flightsof fancy, emphasizing low, long lines and a fantasylifestyle.The clean, simple photography on a white background that emphasized the Beetle’s compact, practical form may seem commonplace these days, but it was a revolution in a world where Americans grew up obsessed with muscle cars, horsepower, and tire smoke. Making the car small, when the convention was to make it fill the page, was also novel. The simplistic approach to design and layout was totally contrary to the advertising conventions of the time.__ 22__ The text was minimalist in both look and content, presenting the facts simply instead of trying to weave tall tales and fantasies; and instead of bluster, it ushered in an intelligent sense of humor that made readers feel like they were in on the joke. The message was one of smart anti-luxury, and took gentle aim at an industry obsessed with superficiality and styling, rather than the substance underneath the car bodies.Not only does “Think small” continue to inspire Volkswagen advertising to this day, it ushered in a creative revolution in the advertising business and changed the world of marketing forever. “Think small” showed the power of humor and honesty, and its photographic and design principles brought about a major shift in the look and feel of marketing around the world.22. Which of the sentences below best fits the numbered space in the passage?A.What defined the ad even more than its visual style was the tone of its copy.B.This ad starts off doing the exact opposite of what you would expect in acar ad.C.This was an exercise in minimalism and a very accurate reflection on theproduct itself.D.The car wasn’t depicted as an integral piece of the daily lives of a middleclass family.23. It can be inferred that the advertising conventions of the 1950s were reflected in the following except that ___________.A.the ads in the 1950s typically showed proud owners and passengers evokinggreat joy about new shiny big acquisitions.B.the marketing concept then focused on providing as much information aspossible to the reader such as the way it’s created.C.the marketing schemes associated the advertised product with an idea or away of living from average consumers’ perspective.D.the marketing practice may attach importance to a sense of humor brought bythe use of exaggerated language.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer’s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer’s arguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-35 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Directions: Read three passages about fashion. Answer the questions according to the passages.Passage AIt’s not that easy to answer the question, “what is fashion?” because it means different things to different people. Fashion is an art. It’s a religion. It’s a job. It’s a peek into a personality. It’s playfulness. It’s an escape or a disguise. It is a feast for the eyes. But ultimately, 25 . French fashion designer Coco Chanel once said, “Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening.”It’s true. Fashion isn’t defined solely by our clothing choices, but is also conveyed through the way we carry ourselves, our personalities and our views of the world. At its most fundamental, fashion is simply the prevailing style or custom, as in dress or behavior.So, who exactly answers the question “what is fashion”? Who decides what’s fashionable and what isn’t? What’s in or what’s out?Fashion Designers. The iconic fashion houses—Prada, Gucci, Chanel—are referred to as haute couture, French for “high sewing.” These designers lead the way in creating trend-setting fashion. While some of their designs are outrageous and completely unrealistic when it comes to everyday wear, generally the theme is adapted into versions suitable for wearing.Media. Fashion trends are often sparked by characters on popular television shows and movies as well as adopted from magazine pages. “Sex and the City,”“The Devil Wears Prada,” these shows introduced us to new, cutting-edge designs. While you might not be caught dead wearing a Carrie Bradshaw original, you might take ideas inspired from her look and piece together your own creation.Celebrities. A prime example of a celebrity-driven fashion trend? UGGs. Until Kate Hudson and Jessica Simpson were spotted wearing them around L.A. several years ago, no one had given any thought to UGG boots. Now they are everywhere.Musicians. Musicians have always been very influential when it comes to dictating fashion. Rock ‘n’ roll is fashion. Elvis is an iconic example. In the 1950s, everyone wanted to dress like Elvis. What about the heavy metal hair bands so popular in the 1980s? Axl Rose reinvented the head bandana while Poison, Motley Crue and Bon Jovi set the pace for big, rocker hair.Just because you don’t know if a Prada bag is fall 2007 or spring 2008 doesn’t matter. All that matters is that you like it and it’s an expression of you. That is fashion.Passage BFashion is more prevalent in modern society than in primitive tribes or peasant communities. The modern society is an open society where class distinctions are not so rigid as in primitive society. Its urban and mobile class structure enables people to cultivate individual taste and adopt new course. The modern society is more tolerant of differences and therefore places few shackles on the cycle of fashion. Our standards of judgment have also changed. Today the individual is rated more by observable externalities than by his ancestry, his character or his genuine accomplishments. The clothes a man wears, the language he speaks, the manners he shows have more weight in ascribing a status than his simplicity, patriotism and integrity.If he can keep himself up to date in the matters of his dress, speech and manners, he will assure himself a high social esteem. Not only the mobile and urban character of modern society but its affluence also speaks for greater prevalence of fashion in it. Men today are richer than their ancestors and have more leisure. They have the necessary means and time to play with luxuries and to think of fashion. Maclver writes: We do not think of fashion in overalls; there is more of fashion in the body of an automobile than in its chassis. There is no fashion in steam shovels. Consequently the higher the standard of living the more material there is for fashion to operate upon.Passage CAs summer has officially faded into the colder weather of autumn, I assumed the days of Nike shorts, comically large T-shirts and polos would be only a memory of yesterday. This has not been the case.Fashion, in and of itself, is already a type of conformism. In order to be considered fashion, a look, a garment or a stylistic choice must be deemed fashionable.Who gets to decide this—what is fashionable? While certain fashion heavyweights play a role in this decision, the ultimate decision is left to the public.As I was surfing the Web recently for inspiration for this column, I came across the Prada website. What I discovered literally caused me to gasp. Of course, everyone knows Prada is an expensive brand—a luxury—but what I discovered shocked me: a keychain priced at $180. No, this keychain was not solid gold or encased in diamonds. It was simply a keychain: a skull with the word “Prada” on a small charm.How can a company charge $180 for a keychain? The answer: people are willing to pay for it. People know the brand and conform to the idea of owning a piece of such an Italian “luxury.”This is nonsensical. Why do we choose to wear miniscule shorts in frigid weather or spend nearly $200 on a charm? Such decisions are influenced by peers, the media and the personal resolution to not make rational, individualistic choices. We cling to the idea of acceptance.In short, we often choose to abide by the pressures of social conventionality, and this leads us to make ridiculous selections—pairing Ugg boots with shorts or wearing neon with camouflage—which we would otherwise not make.I am certainly shamefaced in my occasional conformity to these ludicrous fashion folkways. I am guilty of donning Crocs in public. Yikes!Transient, often preposterous trends referred to as fads inspire some rather strange ideas. Who can recall the pet rocks of the ‘70s or Popples of the ‘80s? Such pop trends are not confined to behavior; they bleed into the fashion world, evidenced in overly distressed jeans, the most painful of neon shades, shoes that resemble Swiss cheese and a host of other fads I do not have the space to mention.I refuse to give up hope for societal common sense.One day we will comprehend that shorts are for the summer and ridiculously expensive keychains are for “never.”Do not allow others to dictate for you. Be bold. Be an individual. Do not buy the keychain.24. The phrase “might not be caught dead” in Passage A most probably means ______.A.would rather not die anywayB.might not be caught red handedC.would refuse completely to do somethingD.might be uneasy though doing something25. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in Passage A?A.fashion is an individual statement of expression for each of usB.fashion facilitates social change by providing a transitional stageC.fashion is not an individual choice but a group choiceD.fashion determines our speech, opinion, dress, music, art, etc.26. It can be inferred from Passage A that fashion designers, media, celebrities and musicians share the following views except ______.A.that fashion is anything but separated from the daily life of ordinarypeople.B.that nothing completely absurd and unrealistic can finally become fashion.C.that fashion is what society accepts and has an element of social sanctionbehind it.D.that if a particular choice remains confined to an individual it can’t becalled fashion.27. The word “affluence” in Passage B is closest in meaning to ______.A. versatilityB. wealthinessC. peculiarityD. charisma28. According to Passage B, which of the following attributes may probably be more important than others for an individual to be favorably received now?A. A wide range of erudition.B. Loyalty to his or her friends.C. A passion for popular novels.D. Good virtues such as honesty.29. Which of the following is NOT true about the author’s attitude towards fashion according to Passage C?A.The author thinks it a waste of time mentioning a list of examples ofirrational fads.B.People are mad about fashion and therefore lose their own good judgment.C.The author never allows himself to be carried away by the fashion trends.D.Behind the behavior of keeping up with fashion is a need to stay in the crowd.30-31. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the three passages.30. All the three passages agree that fashion plays a role in the interplay of class relations that it satisfies the contrary desires for novelty and for conformity.True ( ) False ( )31. None of the three passages are denying conventional social values in people’s judgment, for example, what’s considered good about things or people.True ( ) False ( )Part IV Read and CreateIn Part IV, you will read a passage and then write a short essay according to it. You should write with clarity and logic. (Time allowed: 40 minutes)Question 32 (Suggested completion time: 40 minutes)Directions: Read a passage from Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason and Seeking the Truth in the Sciences. Write a short essay according to the passage.… And as a multitude of laws often only hampers justice, so that a state is best governed when, with few laws, these are rigidly administered; in like manner, instead of the great number of precepts of which logic is composed, I believed that the four following would prove perfectly sufficient for me, provided I took the firm and unwavering resolution never in a single instance to fail in observing them.The first was never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all ground of doubt.The second, to divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.The third, to conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.And the last, in every case to make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general, that I might be assured that nothing was omitted.The long chains of simple and easy reasonings by means of which geometers are accustomed to reach the conclusions of their most difficult demonstrations, had led me to imagine that all things, to the knowledge of which man is competent, are mutually connected in the same way, and that there is nothing so far removed from us as to be beyond our reach, or so hidden that we cannot discover it, provided only we abstain from accepting the false for the true, and always preserve in our thoughts the order necessary for the deduction of one truth from another. And I had little difficulty in determining the objects with which it was necessary to commence, for I was already persuaded that it must be with the simplest and easiest to know, and, considering that of all those who have hitherto sought truth in the sciences, the mathematicians alone have been able to find any demonstrations, that is, any certain and evident reasons, I did not doubt but that such must have been the rule of their investigations.。
外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛
外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛简介一、参赛资格全国具有高等学历教育招生资格的普通高等学校在校本、专科学生、研究生，35周岁以下，中国国籍。
曾获得往届“外研社·国才杯”全国英语阅读大赛出国及港澳交流奖项的选手不包括在内。
二、参赛方式初赛：符合参赛资格的高校学生可直接向本校外语院（系）或大学外语教学部咨询、报名和参加初赛。
复赛：初赛结束后，举办初赛的外语院（系）或大学外语教学部向本省（市、自治区）大学外语教学研究会报名参加复赛。
每校参赛人数由本省（市、自治区）大学外语教学研究会确定并公布。
决赛：复赛结束后，各省（市、自治区）大学外语教学研究会将获得决赛资格的3名选手向大赛组委会秘书处报名参加全国决赛。
三、参赛注册大赛官网将于2019年6月1日起开放参赛报名页面。
所有参赛的选手必须在大赛官网的“选手报名/参赛”页面进行注册。
参赛选手在大赛官网注册时所用的手机号将作为参加线上初赛、复赛和决赛时登录大赛系统的重要认证信息。
参赛选手注册的个人信息须准确、真实。
如经组委会查证与真实情况不符，将取消其参赛资格。
参与主办单位组织的线上初赛的院校请指定初赛网络管理员，提前在大赛官网中选定拟参与的初赛场次，并通知本校选手登录大赛官网报名，报名时间将于选定的比赛时间前一周截止。
四、赛题构成“外研社·国才杯”全国英语阅读大赛比赛内容包含四个环节：Part I.Read and Know（读以明己）Part II.Read and Reason（读以察世）Part III.Read and Question（读以启思）Part IV.Read and Create（读以言志）特别提示：赛题的具体形式和内容详见大赛官网“外研社·国才杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题:（1）线上初赛赛题仅为客观题，即Read and Know，Read and Reason，Read and Question三个模块。
（2）复赛和决赛包含客观题和主观题，即Read and Know，Read and Reason，Read and Question，Read and Create四个模块。
高职高专英语写作比赛
高职高专英语写作比赛对于高职高专的参加英语选择的人来说，对于它进行的流程想必会需要了解一下。
下面是店铺给大家整理的高职高专英语写作比赛，供大家参阅!高职高专英语写作比赛奖项设置参赛选手一等奖公共英语组10名，英语专业组5名，获得获奖证书及1500元奖金。
二等奖公共英语组30 名，英语专业组15名，获得获奖证书及700元奖金。
三等奖公共英语组80名，英语专业组40名，获得获奖证书及300元奖金。
指导教师指导教师一等奖大赛一等奖获奖选手指导教师，获得一等奖获奖证书。
指导教师二等奖大赛二等奖获奖选手指导教师，获得二等奖获奖证书。
指导教师三等奖大赛三等奖获奖选手指导教师，获得三等奖获奖证书。
高职高专英语写作比赛流程初赛组织方式：由各参赛院校自行组织命题、比赛以及评卷，并根据比赛结果，选出本校最优秀的英语专业组选手1名和公共英语组选手最多2名，参加复赛。
参赛院校应保证本校符合参赛资格的学生都有公平的报名参赛机会。
比赛时间：各参赛院校确保在复赛前完成初赛，并登录官网查看本赛区的复赛承办单位和联系方式，将入围复赛的选手名单报送本赛区复赛承办单位。
比赛题目：各参赛学校自定。
可参考往年赛题题型或大赛组委会公布的决赛题型。
比赛方式：现场写作。
比赛不允许携带电子设备，不允许使用网络。
评委组成：评委人数不得少于5 人。
中国籍评委须具有讲师以上职称，有英语写作教学经验。
比赛前应召开评委会，讨论并贯彻评分标准，以保证比赛的规范性、公平性与公正性。
复赛组织方式：以省(市、自治区)为单位，由承办单位组织实施复赛、安排参赛作品评阅等工作。
参赛资格：各初赛赛点最终选拔出规定数量的选手进入复赛。
大赛组委会至少提前两周将复赛通知发给本省(市、自治区)所有符合参赛资格的院校，并预先公布复赛名单。
比赛时间：2016年10月23日、10月30日，各省可根据实际需要在这两个时间段任选其一举办复赛，各省赛承办单位需在赛前一个月报送大赛组委会具体复赛时间。
演讲比赛英语作文3篇
演讲比赛英语作文3篇以下是网友分享的关于演讲比赛英语作文的资料3篇，希望对您有所帮助，就爱阅读感谢您的支持。
第一篇演讲比赛英语作文演讲比赛英语作文篇一:2016“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛写作大赛阅读大赛关于举办2016“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛/写作大赛/阅读大赛的赛事通知一、大赛介绍“‘外研社杯’全国英语演讲大赛”、“‘外研社杯’全国英语写作大赛”和“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”是由外语教学与研究出版社和教育部高等学校大学外语教学指导委员会、教育部高等学校英语专业教学指导分委员会联合举办的公益大赛。
演讲大赛“‘外研社杯’全国英语演讲大赛”于2016年创办，在国内外广受关注，已成为全国参赛人数最多、规模最大、水平最高的英语演讲赛事。
写作大赛“‘外研社杯’全国英语写作大赛”于2016年启动，旨在推动英语写作教学，提高学生英语写作水平，引领高校外语写作教学的改革与发展。
阅读大赛“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”于2016年全新举办，旨在通过比赛的形式，激发大学生的英语学习热情，为他们提供阅读实践的机会和自我挑战的舞台。
三项大赛以高远的立意和创新的理念，汇聚全国优秀学子，竞技英语表达与沟通艺术。
同一赛场，三个舞台，既各具特色，又互促互进，为全国大学生提供展示外语能力、沟通能力与思辨能力的综合平台。
二、主办单位外语教学与研究出版社三、承办单位河南理工大学外国语学院四、参赛资格全国具有高等学历教育招生资格的普通高等学校在校本、专科学生、研究生，35岁以下，中国国籍。
五、报名方式参加“外研社杯”全国英语演讲大赛/写作大赛/阅读大赛的选手，请认真阅读各参赛须知，填写参赛报名表:详见附表。
2016、2016级学生请以班级为单位将电子版报名汇总表发给大学英语任课教师。
其他年级学生请将电子版报名表发送至邮箱hhtfrank@163.。
注意:报名表请直接粘贴到邮件正文里，请勿发送附件。
六、截止日期所有选手报名截止时间:2016年7月5日下午5时前。
2020“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛样题
2017“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛初赛（90min）Part I Read and KnowIn Part I, you will read short texts of various kinds. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions. (Time suggested: 20 minutes)Questions 1-3 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following quotes. Match the quotes with the people. Please note there are three extra options you do not need.careful perusal, one might properly say study, of it—save bewilderment and a sense of disgust. It should be companioned with a key and a glossary like the Berlitz books...4. Which of the following works does the book review address?A.UlyssesB.The OdysseyC.In Search of Lost TimeD.One Hundred Years of SolitudeQuestion 5 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.I like the fact that the study focuses on a French classroom, which receives less attention in Second Language Acquisition research than other foreign language classrooms.However, for reasons that I elaborate on below, I do not recommend this manuscript for publication. I recommend that the author consults the Journal of Language, Identity, and Education. That journal might be a better fit for this paper.5. The text could best be described as __________.A. a conclusionB. a summaryC. a reviewD. a pledgeQuestion 6 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.My Lord,I have been lately informed, by the proprietor of The World, that two papers, in which my Dictionary is recommended to the public, were written by your lordship. To be so distinguished isan honor which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.Seven years, my lord, have now passed, since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repulsed from your door; during which time I have been pushing on my work through difficulties, of which it is useless to complain, and have brought it, at last, to the verge of publication, without one act of assistance, one word of encouragement, or one smile of favor. Such treatment I did not expect, for I never had a patron before.6. This text is taken from a letter which showed the writer’s __________ the Lord.A.gratitude towardsB.indifference toC.contempt forD.respect forQuestion 7 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text and answer the question according to the text.Because of social media, words are moving around theworld within weeks and months, whereas in the past, itcould take a few years, says Julie Coleman, author of TheLife of Slang. “It’s not necessarily that language is changingmore quickly, but technologies have developed and theyallow the transmission of slang terms to pass from onegroup to another much more quickly.”7. The main purpose of the text is to ________.A.explain the quick migration of slangB.imply the unnecessary change of languageC.exemplify the advancement of technologyD.introduce the book The Life of SlangQuestions 8 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the text, and answer the question according to the text.When hunting raccoons for fur was a popular sport, huntingdogs were used to sniff them out of trees. As they are XXXXanimals, the hunting party had to work at night, and the dogswould sometimes end up choosing the wrong tree, or as the idiomgoes, “bark up the wrong tree.” The term was first printed in abook by Davy Crockett in 1833.8. Which word is the best substitution for the missing word XXXX?A.solitaryB.aggressiveC.nocturnalD.herbivorousQuestion 9 (Suggested completion time: 2 minutes)Directions: Read the details about a euphemism, and answer the question according to the details.A. B. C. D. Directions: The bar chart shows the share of UN procurement from Global Compact members from 2010 to 2014. Answer the question according to the information in the chart.Source: 2014 Annual Statistical Report on United Nations Procurement , the United Nations Office for Project Services, 201510. Choose the INCORRECT description of the chart.A. The share of UN procurement volume from Global Compact members grew steadily over thefive years in terms of absolute volume.B. In 2013, the total procurement volume dropped noticeably, and so did the procurement fromGlobal Compact members.C. In 2014, the total procurement volume increased greatly, causing a drop in the share ofprocurement from Global Compact members.D. The proportion of procurement from Global Compact members was not in line with thegeneral trend of procurement from Global Compact members.Part II Read and ReasonIn Part II, you will read short texts on different subjects. Read the instructions carefully and answer the questions based on logical inference and reasoning. (Time suggested: 40 minutes)Question 11 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the following definition of a logical fallacy. Answer the question according to the definition.D. To see viruses, one must have a microscope. This follows if William Carroll said he sawviruses, he must have used a microscope.Question 12 (Suggested completion time: 3 minutes)Directions: Read the definition of one type of logical fallacy. Answer the question according to the definition.12. Which of the following provides a typical example of Texas Sharpshooter fallacy ? A. I won ’t pay the parking ticket because the traffic sign here says “Fine for Parking”! B. Cola is healthy because it sells best among the top five healthiest countries in the world. C. We can ’t exploit the outer space because many people on Earth hardly make ends meet.D. Questions 13-14 Reasoning. (Suggested completion time: 8 minutes)In a swimming competition, Matt, Alen and Johnson won a medal respectively: the gold medal, the silver medal and the bronze medal. The coach made a guess : “Matt won the gold medal, Alen didn ’t win the gold medal and Johnson didn ’t win the bronze medal .” Unfortunately, only one of them is right.13. Who won the gold medal, who won the silver, and who won the bronze medal?A. Matt: gold medal; Johnson: silver medal; Alen: bronze medal.B. Alen: gold medal; Johnson: silver medal; Matt: bronze medal.C. Johnson: gold medal; Alen: silver medal; Matt: bronze medal.D. Matt: gold medal; Alen: silver medal; Johnson: bronze medal.14. Richard: The national budget should provide significant increases in all levels of education inthe upcoming year.Natalie: That’s not fair. A reduction in defense spending in peacetime may bring us excessiverisks. We can’t afford it.Which of the following is the best interpretation of Natalie’s argument?A. Funds saved from defense have been diverted to all levels of education.B. Highlighting spending on education dangerously impacts on spending on the military.C. The size of the military budget reflects a state’s ability to fund educational activities.D. Compared with military spending, investing in education will create a financial crisis. Questions 15-16 (Suggested completion time: 5 minutes)Directions: Read the text and decide whether the statements are True or False according to the text.QuestionsQuestions define tasks, express problems, and delineateissues. They drive thinking forward. Answers, on the otherhand, often signal a full stop in thought. Only when ananswer generates further questions does thought continueas inquiry. A mind with no questions is a mind that is notintellectually alive. No questions (asked) equals no understanding (achieved). SuperficialTexas Sharpshooter Fallacy Texas Sharpshooter fallacy is an informal fallacy which occurs when someone jumps to the that a cluster in some data must be the result of a cause, usually one that it is clustered around.questions equal superficial understanding, unclear questions equal unclear understanding. If your mind is not actively generating questions, you are not engaged in substantial learning.15. The main purpose of the text is to define “questions”.True ( ) False ( )16. It can be inferred that a mind filled with questions will surely be engaged in substantial learning.True ( ) False ( )Questions 17-18 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about the sugar industry, and answer the questions according to the information in the text.How the Sugar Industry Shifted Blame to FatThe internal sugar industry documents, recently discovered by a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, and published Monday in JAMA Internal Medicine, suggest that the sugar industry may have manipulated the research into the role of sugar in heart disease.The documents show that a trade group called the Sugar Research Foundation, known today as the Sugar Association, paid three Harvard scientists the equivalent of about $50,000 in today’s terms to publish a 1967 review of research into sugar, fat and heart disease. The studies used in the review were handpicked by the sugar group, and the article, which was published in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine, minimized the link between sugar and heart health and cast aspersions on the role of saturated fat.Even though the influence-meddling revealed in the documents dates back nearly 50 years, more recent reports show that the food industry has continued to influence nutrition science.Last year, an article in The New York Times revealed that Coca-Cola, the world’s largest producer of sugary beverages, had provided millions of dollars in funding to researchers who sought to play down the link between sugary drinks and obesity. In June, The Associated Press reported that candy makers were funding studies that claimed that children who eat candy tend to weigh less than those who do not.The revelations are important because the debate about the relative harms of sugar and saturated fat continues today, Dr. Glantz said. For many decades, health officials encouraged Americans to reduce their fat intake, which led many people to consume low-fat, high-sugar foods that some experts now blame for fueling the obesity crisis.Today, the saturated fat warnings still remain a cornerstone of th e government’s dietary guidelines, though in recent years the American Heart Association, the World Health Organization and other health authorities have also begun to warn that too much added sugar may increase risks of cardiovascular disease.17. The word handpicked in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.A.carefully chosen in a highly scientific wayB.carried out with the best research findingsC.tailored to the needs of the sugar industryD.done by scientists from Harvard University18. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A.Manufacturers of sugar related food are funding studies aimed at finding the relationshipbetween sugar and health.B.Scientific research may not produce accurate results when funding for the research isprovided by agents who are not impartial.C.It is now accepted in the US that sugar and saturated fat are both responsible for anincreasing risk of heart disease.D.The industry-funded research plays an important and informative role in that it shapes theoverall scientific debate.Questions 19-20 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the passage about MasterCard. Answer the questions according to the passage.MasterCardis making it easier for charities to get help quickly to the people who really need it, and ensure that donations are actually being used for good. The MasterCard Aid Network, launched last September, distributes a version of the company’s plastic cards that come loaded with points that can be redeemed at certain merchants for groceries, medicine, shelter and even building materials or business supplies. The chip-enabled system can be deployed in a day or two compared to the weeks required to create and import paper vouchers.The system doesn’t require an Internet connection—a boon in off-the-grid areas where many refugees and disaster victims are concentrated. Still, the transactions enable organizations to collect data on what card recipients redeem, allowing charities to protect against fraudulent use and gather insight into beneficiaries’ needs.So far, organizations including Save the Children, World Vision and Mercy Corps have distributed cards to more than 75,000 people, from earthquake victims in Nepal to those in war-torn Yemen. MasterCard, which charges the charities fees for the service, says the program is profitable. The United Nations also recently named MasterCard the leader of an initiative to improve the distribution of humanitarian aid in emergencies, with a focus on the data management and privacy aspect.19. What is the passage mainly about?A.How MasterCard as for-profit company joins hands with world charity organizations.B.How MasterCard can keep an edge by its technological innovation in the world market.C.How MasterCard made its transformation from a for-profit company to a non-profit one.D.How MasterCard shortened the path between troubled populations and the aid they need.20. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Without the efforts of the Company, charities could not have protected against fraudulentuse of donations.B.MasterCard will perform a more important role in the international rescue and aid programswith technology developments.C.The plastic cards the MasterCard Aid Network distributes to needed people are similar tocredit cards but paid by donators.D.MasterCard earns money from charging fees for service and then gives the money torefugees and natural disaster victims.Questions 21-23 (Suggested completion time: 7 minutes)Directions: Read the text about virtual reality and augmented reality, and answer the questions according to the information in the text.Virtual Reality vs. Augmented RealityOne of the biggest confusions in the world of augmented reality is the difference between augmented reality and virtual reality. Both are earning a lot of media attention and are promising tremendous growth.Virtual reality (VR) is an artificial, computer-generated simulation or recreation of a real-life environment or situation. It immerses the user by making them feel they are experiencing the simulated reality firsthand, primarily by stimulating their vision and hearing.Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that layers computer-generated enhancements atop an existing reality in order to make it more meaningful through the ability to interact with it. AR is developed into apps and used on mobile devices to blend digital components into the real world in such a way that they enhance one another, but can also be told apart easily.Augmented reality and virtual reality are similar in that both are inverse reflections of one in another with what each technology seeks to accomplish and deliver for the user. Virtual reality offers a digital recreation of a real-life setting, while augmented reality delivers virtual elements as an overlay to the real world. Both leverage some of the same types of technology, and they each exist to serve the user with an enhanced or enriched experience.However, the two also differ from each other in various ways. Augmented reality enhances experiences by adding virtual components such as digital images, graphics, or sensations as a new layer of interaction with the real world. It is being used more and more in mobile devices such as laptops, smart phones, and tablets to change how the real world and digital images, graphics intersect and interact. Contrastingly, virtual reality creates its own reality that is completely computer generated and driven. It is usually delivered to the user through a head-mounted or hand-held controller. This equipment connects people to the virtual reality, and allows them to control and navigate their actions in an environment meant to simulate the real world.21-23. Which THREE of the following statements can be inferred from the text?A.Augmented reality shows virtual elements on top of the real world, while virtual realityrecreates real-life situations in a digital way.B. A virtual reality dressing room may allow shoppers to virtually try on their purchases quicklyand easily without really having to put them on.C.Virtual reality is able to transpose us by taking us to some other place, while augmentedreality, in contrast, never moves us elsewhere.D.With augmented reality, you can , and with virtual reality, you can .E.Both augmented and virtual realities utilize some of the same types of technology and offerpeople enriched experiences.F.Augmented reality will enable an immobile patient to go out of the room and enjoy his/herfavorite sights, sounds and smells in the country.Part III Read and QuestionIn Part III, you will read passages on the same subject. You will be required to identify the writer’s position and evaluate the effectiveness of the writer’s arguments. (Time allowed: 30 minutes)Questions 24-31 (Suggested completion time: 30 minutes)Passage ANonverbal communication is often spontaneous and unintentional, and its meaning may be ambiguous. For one thing, different nonverbal codes can indicate the same meaning while one nonverbal code can have different meanings in diverse contexts. Think about your expression of love toward your parents. Have your affective words or behavior remained the same over the past 18 years? Do you feel the same when a friend gives you a hug at the news that you have failed an exam and at the time when you have won an award? In addition, people may use masking, a facial management technique, to replace an expression of true feeling with one appropriate for a given interaction. For instance, your friend Mary is suffering from a fever but still smiles at you to confirm that she’s OK.Culture, technology, and situation all serve as powerful influences on our nonverbal behavior. What may be an innocent gesture in one group, context, region, or country can convey a different and possibly offensive message elsewhere. For example, American people are accustomed to making direct eye contact when speaking to someone, whether a friend or a professor. However, in some East Asian cultures, such as China, Japan, and South Korea, direct eye contact in interactive communication is not required. In fact, such long-time direct eye contact, when facing superiors or elders, might be considered a sign of disrespect and challenge. Similarly, some cultures are contact cultures so that touch is an important form of communication, whereas other cultures are non-contact cultures so touching is generally avoided. For example, a socially polite touch involves a handshake between American men but may include a kiss between Arab or European men. Some religions prohibit opposite-sex touching between unmarried or unrelated individuals.Nonverbal communication can be found in our electronic written communication such as email, text messaging, and Internet chat rooms. 25 We use all capital letters to indicate shouting, random punctuation (#@*&!) to substitute for obscenities, and type treatments such as boldfacing and italicizing for emphasis. We use color, font styles and sizes, animations, figures, diagrams, and pictures in attempts to express emotion or help users visualize the sender or the message in context. We expect others to use emoticons to express emotion in mediated texts (). Since we can’t hear voice inflection or see facial expressions in many mediated situations, your preferences for screen text size, whether you leave a few explanatory lines, and whether you attach or compress files all say something about you to others. As the Internet allows users to have visual, audio, and text contact, with refinements, speakers have the potential to be even more persuasive than in face-to-face conversations across distances.Passage BNo one likes taking out the garbage. But in Japan the chore is compounded by an added element:The neighbors are watching. No, I’m not being paranoid. They’re watching.Every time I take my trash down to the curb, in its regulation translucent white bag, I can feel their eyes peering through the plastic at my milk cartons, my egg containers, and my disposable chopsticks. They can see everything.I first realized my garbage and I were not alone on a Monday a few months ago, when I was bringing down a bag of old cereal boxes, soggy refrigerator leftovers, and coffee grounds. My landlady, who lives on the first floor, was outside watering her garden. Her eyes took in the contents of my trash.“No, today is Monday. It’s plastics day,” she said.“Oh,” I replied, “I guess they changed the pick-up schedule.” Her eyes fluttered to the ground, studiously avoiding mine. “No, Monday has always been plastics day,” she said.Over the next few minutes, in the muddled mix of Japanese and English we use to communicate, my landlady explained that she often would take my garbage away if I had put it out on the wrong day, store it in her house, and then bring it out again on the proper day.As I walked back upstairs, lugging my unwanted trash, it hit me: For the year and a half since I’d been living in the apartment, she’d been watching me, peeping from behind her rose bushes: scurrying to the curb after I’d been there, checking to see whether I’d followed the correct garbage protocol. That’s when I learned the hard truth: When it comes to garbage in Japan, there’s no such thing as privacy. Garbage is public property, something to which your neighbors can claim snooping privileges. As a foreigner in this homogenous land, my activities garner more attention, and more criticism, than most. I’ve started wondering what else my neighbors notice. What else am I doing wrong?What I found most disturbing about the exchange was that my landlady had been reluctant for so long to confront me directly. We see each other constantly, sometimes we have pleasant little chats, or she comes upstairs when something is broken. Yet she could never bear to tell me that I had mixed up the tr ash schedule. Pointing out one’s mistakes is considered rude in Japan.As a foreigner with rudimentary Japanese, I expected the language barrier to be the biggest obstacle to living here. I was wrong. Learning to navigate Japan, perhaps any foreign country, is all about reading the subtle cultural cues, not the alphabet. Most things in Japan remain unspoken, especially the improper and the unpleasant.Passage CThe most powerful voice you have, no one else can hear. It is a voice shaping your destiny, ability to cope with triumph or disaster, and how you engage with and inspire others in any quest you face. This voice ultimately determines your success as a communicator and the success of your communications. It is the voice within your head.The starting point for being an outstanding public relations communicator is recognizing that you deliver communications not just through your words, signs or gestures. Nor do you deliver just through your body language. You communicate through the way you think.You pro bably know of people who can easily comment on other people’s problems but are blindto their own shortcomings. The ability to understand yourself, your own emotions, and know how your mind works is known as your intrapersonal skill. Having self-awareness and understanding of yourself makes it possible subsequently to develop fully your interpersonal skills. Your intrapersonal skill is essentially how you can manage your own thinking—the ability to understand how your thinking works and ultimately master the voice in your head.Everyone has an inner voice that creates an internal dialogue, a self-talk, which shapes and progresses their thinking and communication. (Your self-talk is not a sign of delusional behavior!) This self-talk lies at the heart of your subsequent communications. If you are unclear in your mind about how you feel and understand about an issue, the probability is that your subsequent communications will reflect this uncertainty, or fail to convince.The image of Sir Bob Geldof when he launched Band Aid in 1984 is a good example of someone with a clear sense of passion and belief, who initially had limited resources—at the outset his campaign was just him and his intense reaction to watching BBC news coverage of famine scenes in Ethiopia. Yet he succeeded in creating a major brand and raising valuable funds for famine relief. His clear sense of purpose fueled his passion to overcome the odds. A committed community activist can likewise often outwit and outperform a well-oiled and well-funded formal public relations programme; witness the success of groups like Greenpeace against major oil companies.The potential of the focused few was recognized by sociologist Margaret Mead: “Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” The starting point for your journey in understanding and becoming an outstanding public relations communicator is to examine what shapes your thinking and how it is manifested in your communications.24. Which statement is true about the ambiguity of nonverbal communication?A.It leads to vagueness in nonverbal codes in a given context.B.Intended meanings of nonverbal codes cannot be conveyed fully.C.It stems from the spontaneity and randomness of nonverbal codes.D.True feelings can be hidden by the ambiguity of nonverbal codes.25. Which of the following best fits the numbered space in Passage A?A.It supersedes all other forms because of its effectiveness.B.There is a whole series of substitutions for nonverbal codes.C.People are born with a natural ability to communicate nonverbally.D.Interpretation of nonverbal codes relies on sensation and experiences.26. The word navigate in the last paragraph of Passage B means__________.A.roaming about freelyB.keep close contact withC.familiarize oneself withD.sail smoothly along27. What can be deciphered from Japan’s trash codes?A.Japanese tend to present their remarks in an explicit way.B.Trash is public property from which neighbors may intrude upon one’s privacy.文档收集于互联网，已重新整理排版.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载支持.C.The language barrier is an obstacle to dealing with the trash business.D.People not following the correct trash protocol will be considered rude.28. According to P assage C, the voice in one’s head__________.A.matters more than any vocal messagesB.should precede one’s subsequent communicationsC.can help avoid potential misunderstanding in some wayD.determines the development of one’s interpersonal skills29. How do people’s personal communica tion skills affect their public relations?A.Self awareness of how you think will affect your ability to communicate effectively.B.Effective public relation communications are delivered through nonverbal codes.C.Successful public relations are determined by the voice qualities of communicators.municators with passion and beliefs have stronger chances of outwitting their rivals.30-31. Decide whether the statements are True or False according to the three passages.30. Nonverbal codes in electronic written communications may well be more effective than face-to-face conversations.True ( ) False ( )31. It’s vital to take age, culture, region, gender, and emotional state into account when comprehending body language gestures.True ( ) False ( )11文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.。
外研社杯英语阅读大赛全国总决赛评分标准-新版
全国总决赛赛制1. 学前组（1）听读达人●手段: 选手根据所听到的英文句子或段落，从3幅情境图片中（图片编号为1、2和3）选出相对应的一幅，一共三道题。
●评分标准：选手回答正确得10分；回答错误或跳过问题均不扣分。
（2）看图说“画”●手段：选手根据所看到的图画，用英语进行简单描述（3-5句话），一共三道题（每道题看图10秒+描述30秒）。
●评分标准：考查方面（一道题）识图及思维能力（5分）口头表达能力（5分）语言运用能力（5分）（3）才艺秀评分标准：2. 小学低年级组（1）拼词达意●手段: 首先说出一组英语单词中某个字母或字母组合的发音，然后拼读出完整的单词，最后用这组单词连词造句。
在规定时间内完成的拼读和造句越多，分数越高。
（每组赛题中，出现的字母或字母组合发音上限为12个）。
●（2）小小朗读家●手段: 现场随机抽取读物，在规定时间内完成朗读。
●评分标准:（3） 才艺秀评分标准：3. 小学中年级组（1）拼词达意● 手段: 首先说出一组英语单词中某个字母或字母组合的发音，然后拼读出完整的单词，最后用这组单词连词造句。
在规定时间内完成的拼读和造句越多，分数越高。
（每组赛题中，出现的字母或字母组合发音上限为12个）。
●（2）创意故事会● 手段: 选手在赛前对一个英语故事进行改编，比赛现场讲述改编过的故事。
可以自行准备 PPT 、服装、道具等来辅助故事的讲述。
● 评分标准:（3）才艺秀评分标准：4. 小学高年级组（1）一阅一图●手段: 选手提前阅读指定用书，从中选取一本读物，阅读之后手工绘制一张思维导图（A4或A3纸大小，可以是某一个知识或信息点，也可以是整本书的内容），在比赛现场进行展示和说明（决赛签到时需提供电子版思维导图）。
●评分标准：考查方面外观（25分）内容（30分）口头表达（25分）超时1分钟内扣5分，2分钟内扣10分（2）读晓百科●手段: 现场随机抽取百科类读物，进行 2 分钟的阅读，之后现场作答。
2015“‘外研社杯’全国英语写作大赛”决赛样题及评分细则
2015“‘外研社杯’全国英语写作大赛”决赛样题及评分细则类型一记叙文写作（Narrative Writing）比赛内容：选手完成一篇记叙文写作（600－800词）。
侧重考查选手的阅读理解、语言运用、细节描写、形象思维、创意构思、人文素养等综合能力。
评分标准：Narrative WritingContent/Ideas(40%)Theme is strong and well-defined;Setting,characters,and plot are fully fleshed out and connected; Writing uses multiple subplots(if appropriate);Ending is fitting and effective,and provides a sense of completio n.Organizatio n/Development(30%)Flow of action is logical and deliberate;Vivid and imaginative descriptive details are provided; Writing reflects a unique,consistent personal voice; Writing uses appropriate and varied rhetorical devices.Language(30%)Spelling is accurate;Word choice is inventive,appropriate,and deliberate for illustrati ng the topicand presenting character(s);Sentence structure is varied and complex,and serves the purpo se of writing;Dialogue(when present)is believable,appropriate,and effective .比赛样题：Sample task1Read the story starter and continue the plete the story in600-800word s.The little man came up to me as I was about to enter the telephone box,and a sked me whether I had a match.“I’ｍsorry,”I said.“Ｉdon’ｔsmoke,so I haven’ｔany.You had better ask someon e else.”He looked rather disappointed,hesitated,and then turned away.I watched him walkslowlydown the street before I pickedup the telephone directoryto look up the numberI mean t to dial.I am not used to a public call box so,at my first attempt to get through,the warning pips had stopped beforeI realizedI had to inserta coin.When I was at last able to speak,I was told that the personwhom I urgentlywanted to give a messageto had just that minutegone out.Swearing slightlyundermy breath,I emergedfrom the box and came face to f acewith thelittleman,who was looking as patheticas a stray dog.As he raisedhis hat again,I coul d see hewas quitebald.A thin line,resemblinga duellingscar,crossedone cheek.He spoke nervously.“Excuse my troubling you again,”he said.“MayI walk along with you a little way?I must confidein someone.I need help desperately.”Sampletask 2Look at the pictures,and write a story that fits the picturesand the sequence.Your storyshould be 600-800words.类型二议论文写作（Argumentative Writing ）比赛内容：选手完成一篇议论文写作（800词左右）。
外研社杯全国英语演讲、写作、阅读大赛
“外研社杯”全国英语演讲、写作、阅读大赛(陈美贤老师提供)（一）项目简介“‘外研社杯’全国英语演讲大赛”、“‘外研社杯’全国英语写作大赛”和“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”是由外语教学与研究出版社和教育部高等学校大学外语教学指导委员会、教育部高等学校英语专业教学指导分委员会联合举办的公益大赛。
“‘外研社杯’全国英语演讲大赛”于2002 年创办，在国内外广受关注，已成为全国参赛人数最多、规模最大、水平最高的英语演讲赛事；“‘外研社杯’全国英语写作大赛”于2012 年启动，旨在推动英语写作教学，提高学生英语写作水平，引领高校外语写作教学的改革与发展；“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”于2015 年全新举办，旨在通过比赛的形式，激发大学生的英语学习热情，为他们提供阅读实践的机会和自我挑战的舞台。
三项大赛以高远的立意和创新的理念，汇聚全国优秀学子，竞技英语表达与沟通艺术。
同一赛场，三个舞台，既各具特色，又互促互进，为全国大学生提供展示外语能力、沟通能力与思辨能力的综合平台。
英语演讲、写作与阅读能力是国家未来发展对高端人才的基本要求，也是高端人才外语能力、思辨能力、交际能力、创新能力和国际竞争力的综合体现。
三项大赛的设置，将以“读”、“说”和“写”三大能力的提高为“驱动力”，全面提升学生的外语综合应用能力。
赛题将以国际化人才要求为标准，融入思辨性、拓展性和创造性等关键要素，增强学生的跨文化交际意识，开拓其国际视野，提升其国际素养。
“‘外研社杯’全国英语演讲大赛”、“‘外研社杯’全国英语写作大赛”和“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”覆盖面广，选手代表性强；比赛遵循国际规则，赛程科学，赛制严谨，程序规范；评委专业，评判严格，保证公开、公平、公正；奖项设置合理，师生共赢。
诚毅学院每年5月组织选拔和培训，经过近一年的准备，次年11月份参加比赛。
诚毅学院至2004年组队以来在“CCTV口语和写作大赛”上获得一次福建省一等奖五次，获得二等奖和三等奖若干次。
外研社国才杯全国英语写作大赛介绍
外研社国才杯全国英语写作大赛：挑战与机遇并存的英语写作盛宴The "FLTRP Cup" National English Writing Competition, organized by the Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press (FLTRP), is an esteemed event that brings together the best English writers from across the country. This competition not only challenges the participants' writing skills but also provides them with an excellent platform to showcase their talents and receive recognition for their efforts.The competition covers a wide range of topics, allowing participants to demonstrate their ability to write about diverse subjects in English. The topics are designed totest the participants' understanding of various cultural, social, and academic issues, as well as their ability to express their ideas clearly and coherently in written form. The competition is open to students from all over the country, regardless of their major or level of English proficiency. This diversity in participation ensures that the competition attracts a wide range of talents and perspectives, making it even more exciting and challenging.The judging process is rigorous and fair, with experienced and qualified judges evaluating the entries based on their creativity, clarity, and coherence. The judges pay close attention to the participants' ability to use English effectively, including their vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure.The prizes for the competition are generous and well-deserved. The winners receive certificates, medals, and scholarships that help them further their studies and careers. In addition, they also get the opportunity to participate in various workshops and seminars conducted by experts in the field of English writing, providing them with valuable insights and experiences.Moreover, the competition serves as a great motivation for students to improve their English writing skills. It encourages them to read widely, think critically, and write passionately about the topics they are passionate about. Through participation in this competition, students gain confidence in their writing abilities and develop a deeper understanding of the English language and its rich cultural heritage.In conclusion, the "FLTRP Cup" National English Writing Competition is a valuable opportunity for students to showcase their writing talents and receive recognition for their efforts. It challenges them to think creatively and express their ideas clearly in English, while alsoproviding them with a platform to learn and grow as writers. The competition is not only about winning prizes but also about personal growth and development, making it a truly rewarding experience for all participants.**外研社国才杯全国英语写作大赛：英语写作盛宴，挑战与机遇并存**外研社国才杯全国英语写作大赛，是由外语教学与研究出版社（FLTRP）主办的一项备受瞩目的赛事，汇集了全国各地的英语写作高手。
2016外研社杯全国英语演讲大赛演讲稿
2016外研社杯全国英语演讲大赛演讲稿Ladies and gentlemen, honorable judges and dear friends, Good morning/afternoon! It is my great honor to stand here and deliver my speech today. The topic of my speech is the power of dreams.Dreams are the driving force behind human progress. When we dream, we unleash our potential and overcome all obstacles to achieve greatness. Think about the Wright brothers. They had a dream of flying and refused to give up, even when people laughed at them. Their dream became a reality, and now we can travel to any corner of the world by plane.Dreams have the power to change lives. Look at Steve Jobs. He dreamed of making computers accessible to everyone, and he did. Apple has revolutionized the way we live, work, and communicate. Jobs once said, "The people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world are the ones who do." It is our dreams that push us to break traditional boundaries and create new possibilities.Dreams also give us hope. In the face of difficulties and hardships, dreams provide us with the courage to never give up. Nelson Mandela once said, "A winner is a dreamer who never gives up." Mandela's dream was to end apartheid and create a free South Africa. Despite being imprisoned for 27 years, he never lost hope and eventually achieved his dream.So, how do we unleash the power of our dreams? First, we need to identify our dreams. What is it that we want to achieve? What do we want to change? Once we have a clear vision, we need to set achievable goals and work towards themwith determination. Rome wasn't built in a day, and neither are dreams. It takes perseverance and hard work to turn dreams into reality.Second, we need to surround ourselves with positive influences. Negative people or negative thoughts will only bring us down. We should seek encouragement and support from those who believe in us and our dreams. As the saying goes, "Surround yourself with people who push you to do and be better."Lastly, we must never stop learning and improving ourselves. Dreams require continuous growth and development. We should never be complacent but strive to become the best version of ourselves. Every setback and failure is a stepping stone towards success.In conclusion, dreams have the power to change our lives and the world. We must believe in the power of our dreams, set goals, surround ourselves with positive influences, and never stop learning. As Walt Disney once said, "If you can dream it, you can do it." So, dare to dream and embrace the limitless possibilities that lie ahead.Thank you!。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2016“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛、阅读大赛初赛通知
湖南大学“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛、阅读大赛初赛定于10月15日使用外研社提供的线上系统进行网络比赛。
写作题评阅将使用外研社Unipus自主研发的iWrite2.0（大学英语写作教学与评阅系统），阅读题评阅将使用大赛专用赛事系统——iTEST3.0（大学外语测试与训练系统），并辅以评委的评阅结果。
为了激励更多的学生参加比赛，促进英语阅读和写作的教学，帮助学生不断进行自我提升。
本次阅读和写作初赛原则上建议全校所有的学生（包括研究生）都参加，比赛将决出特等奖3名、一等奖(1%)、二等奖(3%)、三等奖(6%)。
特等奖获奖选手代表本校参加湖南省复赛，时间是2016年11月5日。
所有参赛选手必须在大赛官网注册，填写准确真实的个人信息。
注册时所用的电子邮箱及手机号将作为参加复赛和决赛时登录大赛系统的重要认证信息。
没有注册的选手无法参加复赛。
注册流程
第一步：打开浏览器，输入，回车进入大赛官网。
第二步：登录。
没有Unipus账户的同学需要先注册。
请注意一定要使用真实的手机号/邮箱进行注册。
第三步：找到“参赛报名”入口，点击进入。
比赛流程
比赛方式：
比赛时间：10月15日9:00—11:00写作大赛初赛
14:00—15:30阅读大赛初赛
注意事项
1.报名流程：注册登录官网-->填写基本信息-->填写报名信息，缺一不可。
2.参加不同比赛需要填写不同的报名信息，想知道自己哪些比赛报名成功，可以在个人中心检查。
3.每位选手于2016年10月15日自主进入大赛官网进行网络比赛。
每一位选手可以参加两次阅读大赛模拟赛（时间分别为9月16日—9月21日；10月7日—10月12日期间任意时段）。
4.请使用chrome、火狐或ie8以上版本浏览器进行网络比赛。
湖南大学外国语学院2016年9月15日
声明：此资源由本人收集整理于网络只用于交流学习。
如有侵权请联系删除处理。