2014年在职硕士GCT英语考试真题
2014年考研英语真题答案及解析
Section I Use of English
一、文章题材结构分析
本文介绍了“人们可以通过锻炼大脑来提高智力并防止脑力衰老”。文章第一段介绍了脑力衰老会对人们
正常生活产生影响。第二段介绍了神经学家们的研究结果，表明脑力不是无法改变的，人们可以通过努力和训
可能的结果，而下文分析的不是假设性的结果，选项 D 引导因果关系，因此选项 BCD 均可排除。
12．[A] instead of 而不是；代替
[B] regardless of 不管，忽视
[C] apart from 除了……之外（还有）
[D] according to 根据，依据
【答案】D
【考点】上下文逻辑关系+介词短语辨析
【解析】上文提到了人们可以通过努力和锻炼来提高智力，本段首句介绍一个公司开发了一套程序，这套程序
可帮助提高脑力方面的能力。由此可知，本段是对上文的补充说明，是“a lot can be done”的进一步发展，而
Take a step further 表示“进一步采取措施”因此，选项 B 为正确答案。Take a step back 向后退一步，take a step
[B] limited 有限的
[C] damaging 破坏性的
[D] obscure 晦涩的，不清楚的
【答案】C
【考点】上下文逻辑关系+词义辨析
【解析】在上一题的分析中可以看出，这个句子前后是转折的关系，前面说“看似简单”，后面是“有潜在的
影响”，下文中又开始介绍解决方法，因此这里的空格处一定是与 innocent 意思相反的词。比较四个选项，可
【解析】前文提到脑力的下降导致人们会忘记很多事情，这说明脑力变得迟钝，现在有公司开发了一套程序帮
2014 十月在职全国联考英语真题试卷
2014 十月在职全国联考英语真题试卷（权威版）Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)1.Speaker A：Mind if I call you Albert?Speaker B：______A．Yes，just call me Al． B. Yes, you may do that.C．OK．Every one does． D. Of course not. But just “Al” will do.2．Speaker A：Are you ready?Speaker B：______ I just need to get my jacket.A．More or less． B. For better or worse.C．Sooner or later． D. Now or never.3．Speaker A：Let’s go out for a walk．Speaker B：______It's raining!A. OK，it sounds good． B．My pleasure．C．What’s the point? D．Why not?4．Speaker A：When do you want to meet? Today after work or tomorrow evening? Speaker B：______A．No problem． C．1 will follow you．B．That’s fine for me． D．I don’t mind either way．5．Speaker A：You’ve dropped something，Sandra．Here you are．Speaker B：______ I keep dropping things this morning.A．Thanks. B. Have I? C. You said it. D. Oh, yes.Section B Dialogue Comprehension6．Man：Is that optional course as hard as everybody says?Woman：Exactly, and even worse，believe it or not．Question：What does the woman mean?A．It’s not as hard as expected． B．It’s not tough for some students．C．It’s more difficult than people think． D．It’s believed to be the hardest course．7．Man：Have you finished reading the book you bought last month?Woman：Oh，I didn’t read it straight through the way you read a novel．I just cover the few chapters that interested me most．Question：How did the woman read the book?A. She read it selectively． B．She went over it chapter by chapter．C．She read it slowly． D．She finished it quickly．8．Woman：Do you think it’s worth me doing a part-time MBA? It’s a lot of work．Man：It depends on how much you want to climb the career ladder.Question：What does the man mean?A．He is doing a part-time MBA． B．MBA is important for promotion．C．He wants to climb the career ladder． D．MBA is not that important．9. Woman：I’m really worried about my economics course．I don’t know what to do．Man：Do you want to talk about it? It might help to get it off your chest．Question：What does the man mean?A．His problem has been solved． B．His help will be a surprise．C．He is very confident in offering help。
2014年英语真题含答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health.Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often _6_body mass index, or BIMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BIMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 to 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _8_ can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem _9_, they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit. _10_ others with a low BMI may be in poor _11_. For example, many collegiate and professional football players _12_ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a _13_ BMI.Today we have a(n) _14_ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes _15_ in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_ very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_ in health concerns have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_, My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives, Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat!1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in respects of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with $559m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, un-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings or fulfillment. She could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these maternal purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was Once exciting and new becomes old hat; regret creeps in, It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dun and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time–as stones or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected toothers.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.”It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world. and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers, But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A] A big house.[B] A special tour.[C] A stylish car.[D] A rich meal.22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is.[A] critical[B] supportive[C] sympathetic[D] ambiguous23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that .[A] consumers are sometimes irrational[B] popularity usually comes after quality[C] marketing tricks are after effective[D] rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money .[A] has left much room for readers’ criticism[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to .[A] balance feeling good and spending money[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you're more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing (to use the psychological terminology) strategies to achieve this. Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving (across the ages and genders ) and 85% at getting on well others-all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We strut around thinking we’re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been morphed to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”.If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which most did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion,”says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves.” If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing.Knowing the results of Eplet’s study, it makes sense that manypeople hate photographs of themselves so viscerally — on one level, they don’t even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer’s paradise, where people can share only the flukiest of flattering photos, the cream of their wit style Beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they portray an idealized version of themselves”. (People are much more likely to out-and-out lie on dating websites, to an audience of strangers.)26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that .[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s .[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defense28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to .[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions29. The word “viscerally” (Line 2, Para.6) is closest in meaning to .[A] instinctively[B] occasionally[C] particularly[D] aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can .[A] present their dishonest profiles[B] define their traditional life styles[C] share their intellectual pursuits[D] withhold their unflattering sidesText 3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side ofa boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can’t immediately foresee.When there is exponential improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT’s Center for Digital Business.This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scripted”and “highly standardized”ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says.It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, sincewe are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.”That’s not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?”31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would .[A] ease the competition of man vs. machine[B] highlight machines’ threat to human jobs[C] provoke a painful technological revolution[D] outmode our current economic structure32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that .[A] technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities[B] automation is accelerating technological development[C] certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D] man will finally win the race against machine33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often .[A] performed by innovative minds[B] scripted with an individual style[C] standardized without a clear target[D] designed against human creativity34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed .[A] the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C] the ways machines replace human labor in modern times[D] the necessity of human involvement in the workplace35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] How to Innovate Our Work Practices[B] Machines will Replace Human Labor[C] Can We Win the Race Against Machines[D] Economic Downturns Stimulate InnovationsText 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy.Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to jostle for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged. This government does not want to see a return to large-scale provision of council housing, so it is naturally wary of measures that will lead us down that route.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. The cap, introduced in 2012 as part of the Housing Revenue Account reform, hasbeen a major issue for the sector. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.Finally, they should look at the way in which public sector land is released. Currently up-front payments are required, putting a financial burden on the housing provider. A more positive stimulus would be to encourage a system where the land is made available and maintained as a long-term equity stake in the project.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if it returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate. This means that affordable housing specialists like Wates Living Space have to create a whole new way of working in partnership with registered providers. Wehave to be prepared to take on more of the risk during the development phase, driving down the cost to deliver high-quality affordable housing and, most importantly, developing alternative funding models to help achieve this.While the government's commitment to long-term funding may have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away. The comprehensive spending review provides the opportunity to start moving us in the right direction - stimulating investment in new supply and quickly delivering tangible benefits to local economies. It also helps create the space to develop a long-term sustainable strategy for housing.36. The author believes that the housing sector .[A] has attracted much attention[B] has lost its real value in economy[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] involves certain political factors37. It can be learned that affordable housing has .[A] suffered government biases[B] increased its home supply[C] offered spending opportunities[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may .[A] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[B] release a lifted GDP growth forecast[C] allow greater government debt for housing[D] stop local authorities from building homes39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would .[A] lower the costs of registered providers[B] relieve the minister of responsibilities[C] contribute to funding new developments[D] lessen the impact of government interference40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may .[A] implement more policies to support housing[B] stop generous funding to the housing sector[C] renew the affordable housing grants programme[D] review the need for large-scale public grantsPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked detailsgiven in the left column. There are two extra choices in the left column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of eland itself as their medium.The British land artist, typified by Richard Long’s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’s photograph of his work is the work. Since his “action” is in the past the photograph is its sole embodiment.That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.Long is Britain’s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The BoyleFamily, on the other hand, stands for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterizes most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’s very funny. Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can’t help feeling that the Scottishartist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn’t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down- say, after giving a bad lecturehe grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John,a local student. Write him an email to1) tell him about your living habits, and2) ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷答案Section I Use of English1. [B] concluded2. [A] protective3. [C] Likewise4. [A] indicator5. [D] concern6. [A] in terms of7. [C] equals8. [C] in turn9. [D] straightforward10. [B] while11. [A] shape12.[B] quality13. [C] normal14. [D] tendency15. [B] pictured16. [D] associated17. [A] Even18. [D] grounded19. [C] policies20. [B] againstSection II Reading Comprehension21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[B]A special tour22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is[A]critical23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase25. This text mainly discusses how to26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______[C] intuitive response28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[B] believe in their attractiveness29. The word "Viscerally"(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer’s paradise because people can _____.[D] withhold their unflattering sides31. According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would _____.[B]highlight machines’ threat to human jobs32. The authors of Race Against the Machine argue that _____.[A]technology is diminishing man’s job opportunities33. Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often _____.[D]designed against human creativity34. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed _____.[D] the formula for how work is conducted efficiently35. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines36. The author believes that the housing sector______.[D]involves certain political factors37. It can be learned that affordable housing has_____.[A]suffered government biases38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may _____.[C]allow greater government debt for housing39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would _____.[C]contribute to funding new developments40. The author believes that after 2015, the government may _____.[B]stop generous funding to the housing sector41.Stone Cirele[D]represents the elegance of the British land art.42.Olaf Street Study[E]depicts the ordinary side of the British land art.43.Across the Park[G]contains images from different parts of the same photograph.44.Towards Avebury[C]reminds people of the English landscape painting tradition.45.Seven Days[A]originates from a long walk that the artist took.Section III Translation大多数人认为乐观主义就是无休止的开心，就像在看到一个装了一半水的杯子的时候，会认为还差半杯就满了，而非空了一半。
2014考研英语真题及答案解析(详细)
2014考研真题及答案解析Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
2014 十月在职全国联考英语真题试卷
Speaker B：______ I keep dropping things this morning.
A．Thanks. B. Have I? C. You said it. D. Oh, yes.
Section B Dialogue Comprehension
6．Man：Is that optional course as hard as everybody says?
Woman：Exactly, and even worse，believe it or not．
Question：What does the woman mean?
Question：How did the woman read the book?
A. She read it selectively． B．She went over it chapter by chapter．
C．She read it slowly． D．She finished it quickly．
C．OK．Every one does． D. Of course not. But just “Al” will do.
2．Speaker A：Are you ready?
Speaker B：______ I just need to get my jacket.
A．More or less． B. For better or worse.
A．He is doing a part-time MBA． B．MBA is important for promotion．
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及参考答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old ban d we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neurosc ientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n)20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where2.[A]improves [B]when[B]fades[C]that[C]recovers[D]why[D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection Ⅱ：Reading ComprehensionPart A ………………………………………………………………………………………………. Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency," George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those fi rst few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in you r heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker’s allowance" is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in theEU.21.George Osborne’s scheme was intended to .[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 2, Para. 2) most probably means .[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance[C]to register for an allowance from the government[D]to attend a governmental job-training program23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel .[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been tooconservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to .[A]the growing demand from clients[B]the increasing pressure of inflation[C]the prospect of working in big firms[D]the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from .[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive" partly because it .[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses .[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal educationText 3The U.S. $3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards forresearchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as .[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C]an example of bankers’ investments[D]a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit .[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves .[A]controversies over the recipients’ status[B]the joint effort of modern researchers[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D]the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the new awards are .[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A]Critical[B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant37.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to .[A]retain people’s interest in liberal education[B]define the government’s role in education[C]keep a leading position in liberal education[D]safeguard individuals’ rights to education38.According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests .[A]an exclusive study of American history[B]a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C]the application of emerging technologies[D]funding for the study of foreign languages39.The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are .[A]supportive of free markets[B]cautious about intellectual investigation[C]conservative about public policy[D]biased against classical liberal ideas40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"[B]Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"[C]The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D]Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart B……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A]Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon inAthens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident.Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]I n another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent yearssystematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornateceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C]How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothingvisible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D]Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchersworking around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E]To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and avariety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F]Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to lookfor them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites.Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G]Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful.Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors.Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two- and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. → A →42. → E →43. → 44. →45.Part C………………………………………………………………………………………………Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical, but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for th e performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section ⅢWritingPart A……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 51.Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how toimprove students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B………………………………………………………………………………………………..52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)interpret its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET (20 points)2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题参考答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1-5: A-B-D-C-A6-10: A-C-B-D-C11-15: D-A-B-A-D16-20: B-D-C-C-BSection II: ReadingComprehension (60points) Part A (40points)21-25: B-C-D-A-D26-30: D-C-B-A-C31-35: D-B-B-A-A36-40: A-C-C-D-BPart B (10 points)41-45: C-F-G-D-BPart C (10 points)46.这也就是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。
2014年GCT工程硕士(英语)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年GCT工程硕士（英语）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Structure 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Dialogue CompletionPart I V ocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．It wouldn’t do you any______ to work a bit harder.A．woundB．injuryC．harmD．hurt正确答案：C解析：你工作努力点儿，对你没什么伤害。
本题考查固定搭配。
do harm to 的意思是“对……有伤害”。
其他几个表示“伤害”的词都没有这样的用法，故本题答案为C。
2．Bats are long-lived creatures,______a life-expectancy of around 20 years.A．some haveB．some havingC．some of which havingD．some of them have正确答案：B解析：蝙蝠是寿命很长的生物，有的大约有20年。
本题考查独立主格结构。
creatures后面是逗号，证明空格后或者用从句，或者用非谓语动词。
C选项中which引导的定语从句缺乏谓语动词(having是非谓语动词)，故是错误答案。
2014年在职英语真题
绝密★启封并使用完毕前2014年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考研究生入学资格考试试卷英语试卷一Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes,15 points)Part II V ocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Part IV Cloze (15 minutes,10 points)Part l Dialogue Communication (15minutes, 15 points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections ： In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers,each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Speaker A: Mind if I call you Albert?Speaker B: _A. Yes, just call me Al.B. Yes, you may do that.C. OK. Every one does.D. Of course not. But just “AI” will do2. Speaker A: Are you ready?Speaker B ： _I just need to get my jacket.A新阳光教育A. More or less.B. For better or worse.C. Sooner or later.D. Now or never.3. Speaker A: Let’s go out for a walk.Speaker B ： _It’s raining!A. OK, it sounds good.B. My pleasure.C. What’s the point?D. Why not?4. Speaker A: When do you want to meet? Today after work or tomorrow evening?Speaker B: _A. No problem.B. That’s fine for me.C ．I will follow you. D. I don’t mind either way.5. Speaker A: You’ve dropped something, Sandra. Here you are.Speaker B: _I keep dropping things this morning.A. Thanks.B. Havel?C. You said it.D. Oh, yes.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will, read 5 short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A B C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 Choices given and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6. Man: Is that optional course as hard as everybody says?Woman: Exactly, and even worse, believe it or not.Question: What does the woman mean?A. It’s not as hard as expected.B. It’s not tough for some students.新阳光教育C. It’s more difficult than people think.D. It’s believed to be the hardest course.7. Man: Have you finished reading the book you bought last month?Woman: Oh, I didn’t read it straight through the way you read a novel. I just cover the few chapters that interested me most.Question: How did the woman read the book?A. She read it selectively.B. She went over it chapter by chapter.C She read it slowly. D. She finished it quickly.8. Woman: Do you think it’s worth me doing a part-time MBA? It’s a lot of work..Man: It depends on how much you want to climb the career ladder.Question: What does the man mean?A. He is doing a part-time MBA. B MBA is important for promotion.C He wants to climb the career ladder.D MBA is not that important.9. Woman: I’m really worried about my economics course. I don’t know what to do.Man: Do you want to talk about it? It might help to get it off your chest.Question: What does the man mean?A. His problem has been solved.B. His help will be a surprise.C. He is very confident in offering help.D. He is willing to listen to her problems.10 Man: Could you tell me where the shuttle bus stop is?Woman: Just go with the flow. You can’t miss it.Question: What should the man do?A. Follow the river.B. Ask someone for direction.新阳光教育C. Go together with the woman.D. Go with everybody else.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. The doctor was ____ about what to do with the case; he just couldn’t find the Cause of the illness.A. puzzledB. amusedC. surprisedD. curious12. A special committee was set up to ____ the matter and report to the board of directors.A. look forB. look intoC. look onD. look through13. For a lack of space, I had to ___ a lot of excellent materials, which I intend to include in another book.A. leave outB. knock outC. lay outD. hold out14. To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the ___ of the Human life span?A. progressB. extensionC. growthD. promotion15. It was ____ the worst food I have ever had.A. mainlyB. relativelyC. recentlyD. absolutely16. I’m sorry to ___ you while you’re working but I must ask you a question.A. interfereB. botherC. catchD. take17. Few are so silly as to dash back into the house on fire to fetch the money ___ their lives.A. at the rate ofB. at the risk ofC. in the interest ofD. in the case of新阳光教育18. Many species have ____ before man can document them properly.A. finishedB. crushedC. vanishedD. furnished19. ____ deserts are dry regions, visitors might come upon an area with trees and water.A. Just becauseB. Only whenC. As ifD. Even though20. When Columbus landed in the New World, he believed he had found a new ____ to Asia.A. trailB. pathC. trackD. route21. There is one thing I ____ like to know——what is it about you find so appealing?A. willB. couldC. wouldD. should22. He was found to be a thief, ____ disappointed his wife.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom23. ____, the great Mississippi rolls its mile-wide tide along, shining in the sun.A. UnnoticingB. Be unnoticingC. Having unnoticedD. Unnoticed24. By comparing myself with others, I can find out ____ I am weak.A. whereB. whatC. whichD. when25. I told Jim how to get here but perhaps I him the map.A. had to giveB. must have givenC. ought to giveD. should have given26. Ted ___ to dip into his pocket for his son’s college tuition fees.A. forcedB. was forcingC. was forcedD. had been forced\27. Believe me, my memory is ____, if not better than it was in my teenage years.新阳光教育A. as goodB. so goodC. so good asD. As good as28. A lot of efforts have to be made in order to make this show ____ .A. to succeedB. succeededC. a successD. successfully29. Politics is ____ important a matter to be left to experts.A. tooB. veryC. muchD. so30. The investigators have tried to identify the cause of the air crash one way or ___ , but in vain.A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. elsePart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OnePeople don’t always go to coffee shops just for a drink, but to spend time with friends or read a book. This “coffee shop culture” is very popular in the UK and it is a fantastic way to spend time with loved ones. It isn’t popular everywhere, though.There are around 15,000 coffee shops in the UK. On the main street of my home city, Edinburgh, there are at least five quite large coffee shops. Heading away from the main street you are still never more than a five- or ten-minute walk to the nearest cafe.Most coffee shops have a cosy atmosphere. They are places where you can sit for hours as you sip (小、口喝）your coffee. People go with friends and family to chat and relax after going shopping, or meet up just for a gossip. Alternatively, many people go alone. Coffee shops are great places to read in peace, or to sit and write. And with free Wi-Fi in many places, it is not difficult to spend a lot of time in a coffee shop.In Colombia, however, the coffee shop culture does not really exist, or, at least, still very new. Famous for its coffee I imagined that even the tiniest Colombian village would have a coffee shop. I mean, they do exist but they are nowhere near as common as I had expected.The ones that do exist are very different from those in the UK. They are places where you go in, have a quick drink and then leave immediately. Nobody spends the afternoon enjoying a peaceful moment. People never seem to come in for a leisurely drink but for a quick-almost business-like-meeting, even if they are with family or friends. The idea that a person would go to a coffee shop alone is, apparently, ridiculous. Every time I go alone with a book, other customers look at me as if I had horns. I could be painting a wrong picture, of course. This may be the culture only in Pasto, where I live; other Colombian cities perhaps have a more developed coffee Shop culture.新阳光教育31. It is stated in the passage that a coffee shop in Britain is a place _____.A. mainly for a drinkB. for spending time leisurelyC. for business meetingsD. mainly for people to date 32. Coffee shops in the UK are ____.A mostly on the main streetB quite limited in numberC easily accessible to peopleD usually close to each other 33. The word “cosy” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .A. comfortableB. excitingC. lonelyD. private34. According to the author, people in Colombia often go to coffee shops .A. for a quick drinkB. for readingC. to drink aloneD. to chat with friends 35. This passage is mainly about the coffee shop .A. historyB. cultureC. atmosphereD. businessPassage TwoMy problem with food began when I graduated from high school. About that time, I began eating out a lot. There were two fast-food restaurants near the place where I worked, so I ate lunch at one or the other almost every day. I found it much easier to go to a fast-food restaurant than to prepare my own lunch.When I moved away from home my eating habits got worse. I didn’t know how to cook, and I didn’t have much money; but my favorite fast-food restaurant was just two blocks away. Eating there seemed like the easiest and cheapest option. In addition to eating the wrong kind of food, I ate way too much. I wasn’t satisfied with a standard fast-food meal. I ordered more French fries, a larger soft drink, and an extra hamburger-whatever I could afford-in the largest size available.The turning point came when I was in my late 20’s. I started thinking more seriously about my health. I was overweight. I felt sluggish, all the time, and I lacked. self-confidence. I knew that I needed to make changes. So I began to try to get my eating under control.I took a gradual approach. First, I reduced the amount of food I ate. I would tell Myself, “This isn’t my last meal; I can always eat again.” At times I literally had to walk Away from the dinner table. But I felt good afterward, , as if I had won a victory..Besides I had to give up something completely. For example, I eliminated soft drinks and drank only water. That was difficult. I loved soft drinks, and I hated water. After I drank. a glass of water, I would take a small cup of juice, which put some flavor in my mouth. After a while, water itself became more appealing.Now I still do go out to eat occasionally. But when I do, I control how much I eat. If the portion I’m served is too big, I ask for a take-out box. Then I put half of the meal in the box before I start eating. That way, I consume a reasonable portion instead of eating more.36. The author began to eat out a lot .A when he started to workB when he moved out from homeC because fast food was his favoriteD because he disliked home-made food新阳光教育37. The author ate in fast-food restaurants to .A solve his problem with foodB save time and moneyC satisfy his demand for food varietyD change his eating habits 38. It is implied in the passage that the food in fast-food restaurants is .A quite expensiveB relatively unsafeC very unhealthyD rather tasteless 39. The word “sluggish” (para.3) is closest in meaning to .A. painfulB. weakC. slowD. lazy 40 40. What did the author give up completely?A. Eating out.B. Fast food.C. Soft drinksD. Fruit juice.Passage ThreeAnimals, too, communicate. If you try to catch a seagull, it will call out “Hahaha! Hahaha!” to signal its friends to watch out for an intruder (入侵者）.Certain fish signal their presence by sending electric impulses from their muscles. But these signal systems differ in very fundamental ways from human communication.First of all, our symbols are subjective. If you do not speak Chinese, you would not know what a gou is. Gou is the Chinese word for dog. There is no inherent connection between the word and the thing itself. The Spaniards, after all, call the same animal perro and the French call it chien. The meaning of a word is not determined by any inherent quality of the thing itself. It is instead subjective: a word may mean whatever a group of humans have agreed it is supposed to mean. On the other hand, animals are not free to produce different symbols subjectively to indicate the same thing. This is why, for example, all seagulls throughout the world make the same sound to indicate the presence of danger.Second, animal communication is a closed system, whereas human language is an open system.. Each animal species can communicate only a limited set of messages, and the meaning of these signals is fixed. Animals can use only one signal at a time-they cannot combine two or more to produce a new and more complex message. A bird can signal “worms” to other birds but not “worms” and “cats” together. Animal communication is also closed in the sense of being tied to what is immediately presenting the environment. The bird can signal “worms” only because it sees them. In contrast, we can blend and combine symbols to express whatever ideas come into our heads. We can create new messages, and the potential number of messages that’s that we can send is infinite. Thus we can talk about concepts such as good and evil, truth and beauty, for which there is no physical thing that is being signaled. It is this creative character of language that leads many people to believe that language is unique to humans. Although several chimpanzees(黑猩猩）have been taught sign language, it is doubtful that they have created innovative sentences of their own.41. The author believes that animals are capable of . A arguing with their friends B ending messages to each otherC using different signals for the same meaning.新阳光教育D threatening their intruders with signals 42. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that .A no animals can use a subjective language as humans doB words and the things they refer to are inherently connected C. animals produce fewer kinds of sound than humans D the seagull is a good example of animal communication 43. The word “infinite” (Para.3) means . A. complex B. creative C. unusual D. unlimited44. According to the author, animals can only signal . A. what is visible B. what they want C. what is created D. what they remember 45. It is unique of human communication to express . A. physical things B. ideas C. symbols D. feelingsPassage FourRecently I stood in front of my class, observing an all-too-familiar scene. Most of my students were secretly-or so they thought-looking at their smart phones under their desks,As I called their attention, students’ heads slowly lifted, their eyes reluctantly glancing forward. I then cheerfully explained that their next project would practice a skill they all desperately needed: holding a conversation. Several students looked confused. Others moved uneasily in their seats, waiting for me to stop watching the class so they could return to their phones.Even with plenty of practice, most kids were unable to converse effectively. They looked d own at their hands. Some even reached for their phones-the last thing they should be doing.As I watched my class struggle, I came to realize that conversational competence might be the single-most overlooked skill we fail to teach students. Kids spend hours each day engaging with ideas and one another through screens---but rarely do they have an opportunity to truly practice their interpersonal communication skills. Admittedly, teenage awkwardness and nerves play a role in difficult conversations. But students’ reliance on screens for communication is affecting their engagement in real-time talk.It might sound like a funny question, but we need to ask ourselves: Is there any 21st-century skill more important than being able to hold a confident, coherent (连贯的)conversation? When students apply for colleges and jobs, they won’t conduct interviews through their smart p hones. When they negotiate pay raises and discuss projects with employers, they should demonstrate a thoughtful presence and the ability to think on their feet.But in our rush to meet 21st-century demands, we aren’t asking students to think and communicate in real time. Online discussion boards and Twitter are useful tools for exchanging idea s. But they often encourage a “read, reflect, forget about it” response that doesn’t truly engage students in extended critical thinking or conversation.As Sherry Turkle writes, “We are tempted to think that our little ‘sips’ of online connection add up to a big gulp (大口） of real conversation. But they don’t.”新阳光教育46. How did the students react when the author announced the next project’？ A. They looked forward to talking with their classmates. B. They showed little interest in taking part in the project. C. They were worried about their ability to communicate. D. They were excited to be free from the lecture. 47. How did the conversation project go? A. It was quite successful B. It went just as expected. C. It was far from satisfactory. D. It brought about mixed results.48.What’does the author try to emphasize in Paragraph 5? A. The importance of conversation skills. B. The difficulty in conducting real-time talk. C. The use of screen for communication.D. The techniques of effective communication.49. Sherry Turkle would agree that online connection . A. is useful for exchanging ideasB. is a better means of communicationC. does not harm critical thinkingD. cannot replace real conversation50. What is the tone of the author in this passage? A. Objective. B. Concerned. C. Indifferent. D. Relieved.Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage .For each numbered blank,there are 4choices marked A ， B, C and D, Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Have you ever heard of the of the Aesop Fable, “ The Belly (肚子）and The Members?” As you read the following story, I encourage you to think about your own teams and how this might 5l.One day it 52 to The Members of the Body that they were doing all of the work while the Belly got all of the food. They believed the Belly was 53 and unproductive.They held a meeting to discuss how 54 this seemed. After a very long meeting The Members of the Body decided to go on strike until the Belly agreed to take its proper 55_ of the work.The unhappy body parts didn’t do anything for several days to stop 56 the Belly. The Hands stopped moving and the Teeth stopped chewing 57 , the Legs became more and more tired and the Hands could 58 move anymore. Eventually the entire Body collapsed.What is the moral of the story? Some members’ contribution may seem of less 59 than that of others. It is important that every member of the team understands their unique roles and 60 they bring to the team. It is also important that they clearly understand everyone else’s roles and contributions.51. A. stand B. continue C. work D. apply新阳光教育52. A. happened B. occurred C. reached D. referred53. A. strange B. ugly C. foolish D. lazy54. A. unfair B. unlikely C. uneasy D. unstable55. A. review B. duty C. sense D. share56. A. controlling B. contacting C. feeding D. pleasing57. A. On the contrary B. In fact C. As a result D. After all58. A. hardly B. entirely C. partly D. definitely59. A. need B. value C. meaning D. interest60. A. that B. why C. what D. how育教光阳新绝密★启封并使用完毕前2014年在职攻读硕士学位全国联考研究生入学资格考试试卷英语试卷二Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Part V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on theANSWER SHEETA recent research suggests that nearly a third of adults, 31%, are not getting enough exercise. That rates of exercise have declined is hardly a new discovery. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution, technology and economic growth have created a world in which exercise is more and more an option rather than a necessity.In all, the researchers were able to pool data from 122 countries, covering 89% of the world’s population. They considered sufficient physical activity to be 30 minutes of moderate exercise five days a week, or 20 minutes of intense exercise three days a week, or some combination of the two.Unsurprisingly, people in rich countries are less active than those in poor ones, and old people are less active than young ones. Less obviously, women tend to exercise less than men-34% are inactive, compared with 28% of men. But there are exceptions. The women of Finland and Iraq, for example, move more than their male countrymen.\Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic of “My Position”. You maybase your composition on the Chinese clues given below.尼采的处世之道是：“不要爬上山顶去，也不要站在山脚下，最好从半山处去看这个世界。
在职攻读硕士联考英语真题2014年
在职攻读硕士联考英语真题2014年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A Dialogue Completion(总题数：5，分数：7.50)1.Speaker A: Mind if I call you Albert?Speaker B: ______（分数：1.50）A.Yes, just call me "AI". √B.Yes, you may do that.C.OK. Everyone does.D.Of course not. But just "AI" will do.解析：[解析] 本题考查用mind询问意见的回答方式。
Mind if的意思是“介意做……”，如果介意，需要回答“yes”，紧跟着介绍介意的原因，如果不介意，则回答“no”。
要注意回答的前后一致性。
B、C 两个选项均前后矛盾，表示“介意”后，紧跟着又表示同意对方的要求，D选项“当然不介意”却又纠正对方的叫法。
只有A选项“介意，叫我A1就可以了”是正确答案。
2.Speaker A: Are you ready?Speaker B: ______ I just need to get my jacket.（分数：1.50）A.More or less. √B.For better or worse.C.Sooner or later.D.Now or never.解析：[解析] 本题考查固定词组的意思。
more or less“或多或少，差不多”，for better or worse“无论情况好还是坏”，sooner or later“迟早”，now or nev er“莫失良机”。
根据对话可知，只能选择more or less。
3.Speaker A: Let"s go out for a walk.Speaker B: ______ It"s raining!（分数：1.50）A.OK, it sounds good.B.My pleasure.C.What"s the point? √D.Why not?解析：[解析] 本题考查上下文语义的衔接。
2014 十月在职全国联考英语真题试卷
2014 十月在职全国联考英语真题试卷（权威版）Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points)1.Speaker A：Mind if I call you Albert?Speaker B：______A．Yes，just call me Al． B. Yes, you may do that.C．OK．Every one does． D. Of course not. But just “Al” will do.2．Speaker A：Are you ready?Speaker B：______ I just need to get my jacket.A．More or less． B. For better or worse.C．Sooner or later． D. Now or never.3．Speaker A：Let’s go out for a walk．Speaker B：______It's raining!A. OK，it sounds good． B．My pleasure．C．What’s the point? D．Why not?4．Speaker A：When do you want to meet? Today after work or tomorrow evening?Speaker B：______A．No problem． C．1 will follow you．B．That’s fine for me． D．I don’t mind either way．5．Speaker A：You’ve dropped something，Sandra．Here you are．Speaker B：______ I keep dropping things this morning.A．Thanks. B. Have I? C. You said it. D. Oh, yes.Section B Dialogue Comprehension6．Man：Is that optional course as hard as everybody says?Woman：Exactly, and even worse，believe it or not．Question：What does the woman mean?A．It’s not as hard as expected． B．It’s not tough for some students．C．It’s more difficult than people think． D．It’s believed to be the hardest course．7．Man：Have you finished reading the book you bought last month?Woman：Oh，I didn’t read it straight through the way you read a novel．I just cover the few chapters that interested me most．Question：How did the woman read the book?A. She read it selectively． B．She went over it chapter by chapter．C．She read it slowly． D．She finished it quickly．8．Woman：Do you think it’s worth me doing a part-time MBA? It’s a lot of work．Man：It depends on how much you want to climb the career ladder.Question：What does the man mean?A．He is doing a part-time MBA． B．MBA is important for promotion．C．He wants to climb the career ladder． D．MBA is not that important．9. Woman：I’m really worried about my economics course．I don’t know what to do．Man：Do you want to talk about it? It might help to get it off your chest．Question：What does the man mean?A．His problem has been solved． B．His help will be a surprise．C．He is very confident in offering help。
2014年全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案
2014年全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案D[D]A rich meal22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23.Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24.According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has left much room for readers’criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25.This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful tha n you are. We have adeep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a numberof self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”，or “illusory superiority”，and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities。
2014年全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health。
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese。
2014年真题
2014年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题Paper OnePart I Oral Communication (10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue OneA. They had been in there for about 5 minutesB. It's the other man I'm talking aboutC. I thought you said there were three menBurney: There were two men, I think. No, three. They ran into the bank and the one with the gun，the tall one, he runs up to the window, and starts shouting something, I don't know, "Give me all your money" and the other one -Police officer:_____1______?Burney: No, there were two men and a girl. _____2_____the one carrying the suitcase, well, he goes up to the other guy-Police officer: The one with the gun?Burney: Yes, and he opens the suitcase and the cashier, well, she - well, all the other people behind the window - they hand over piles of money and two men put it into the suitcase and they run out. It was l:35.________3______Dialogue TwoA. I like a good storyB. They still make movies like thatC. People today don't like thatSpeaker A: I like watching old l movies and I think they are the best.Speaker B: I agree with you, even though they're in black and white. I think a good story is more important than color.Speaker A: And there was no violence in old movies.Speaker B: No, there wasn't._______4_______Speaker A: They like lots of action.Speaker B:_____5______Speaker A: I like to see actors who are like real people.Speaker B: Like real people with real problems.Speaker A: ___6____Speaker B: Yes, but they never make much money.Section BDirections: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A. I do a lot of research on the Internet tooB. I document everythingC. Of course they mail their friends endlesslyD. I do a lot of my shopping on the net nowInterviewer: Ms. Chen, can you tell us which pieces of technology are important to you?Interviewee: Three things: my Sharp laptop; myiphone5; and my Olympus digital camera.____7____: the kids, art, buildings, clothes, scenes that catch my eye as I walk past.Interviewer: What do you use your computer for?Interviewee: Well, I send emails all the time. But I do a lot of my design work on screen now and I can send my ideas straight to directors and producers. _____8______- there are some fantastic sites around now.Interviewer: Who uses the computer at home?Interviewee: The kids use the computer all the time at home._____9_____ - and on top of that they're always texting on their mobile phones! They play computer games when they think I or their father aren't looking! They don't like doing homework, of course, but there are some really good revision sites on the Internet. _____10_____- 15 minutes for a whole supermarket "visit"! That feels really good.Part II Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11. Now and in the future, we will live as free people, not in fear and never at the mercy of any foreign powers.A. in the interest ofB. under the control of C .for the sake of D. at the cost of12.Public acceptance of rabbit as an economical source of protein depends how aggressively producers market it .A. vigorouslyB. effectivelyC. efficientlyD. rigorously13. Many New England communities do not permit the construction of a “modernist” building, lest it alter their overall architectural integrity.A.in case thatB. in spite thatC. for fear thatD. in order thatB.14. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality .A. imaginationB. impressionC. presentationD. expression15. Television commercial have been under constant scrutiny for the last few years.A. pressureB. reflectionC. examinationD. attack16. The mayor has spent a handsome amount of time in his last tern working to bring down the tax rate .A. sufficientB. plentyC. considerableD. moderate17. His poor performance may be attributed to the lack of motivation.A. caused byB. focused onC. taken forD. viewed as18. The new cut in interest rate is meant to promote domestic investment.A. encourageB. obtainC. publicizeD. advertise19. Conditions for the growth of this plant are optimum in early summer.A. most acceptableB. most expressiveC. most favoriteD. most desirable20. She often says her greatest happiness consists in helping the disadvantaged children.A. is proportionate toB. is composed ofC. lies inD. relies onPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section ADirections:In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneOf all the lessons taught by the financial crisis, the most personal has been that Americans aren’t so good at money-management. We take out home loans we can't afford. We run up sky-high credit-card debt. We don't save nearly enough for retirement.In response, supporters of financial-literacy education are moving with renewed enthusiasm. School districts in states such as New Jersey and Illinois are adding money-management courses to their curriculums. The Treasury and Education departments are sending lesson plans to high schools and encouraging students to compete in the National Financial Capability Challenge that begins in March.Students with top scores on that exam will receive certificates -but chances for long-term benefits are slim. As it turns out, there is little evidence that traditional efforts to boost financial know-how help students make better decisions outside the classroom. Even as the financial-literacy movement has gained steam over the past decade, scores have been falling on tests that measure how well students learn about things such as budgeting, credit cards, insurance and investments. A recent survey of college students conducted for the JumpStart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy found that students who'd had a personal-finance or money-management course in high school scored no better than those who hadn't."We need to figure out how to do this the right way," says Lewis Mandell, a professor at the University of Washington who after 15 years of studying financial-literacy programs has come to the conclusion that current methods don't work. A growing number of researchers and educators agree that a more radical approach is needed. They advocate starting financial education a lot earlier than high school, putting real money and spending decisions into kids' hands and talking openly about the emotions and social influences tied to how we spend.Other initiatives are tacking such real-world issues as the commercial and social pressures that affect purchasing decisions. Why exactly do you want those expensive brand-name shoes so badly? "It takes confidence to take a stand and to think differently," says Jeroo Billimoria, founder of Aflatoun, a nonprofit whose curriculum, used in more than 30 countries, aims to help kids get a leg up in their financial lives.”“This goes beyond money and savings"21. The financial-literacy education is intended to____.A. help Americans to overcome the financial crisisB. enable Americans to manage money wiselyC. increase Americans' awareness of the financial crisisD. renew Americans' enthusiasm about money-management22. According to the author, the National Financial Capability Challenge will be____.A. well-receivedB. costlyC. rewardingD. ineffective23.Bysaying that "the financial-literacy movement has gained steam"(Para. 3), the author means that the movement ____.A. has gone through financial difficultiesB. has received much criticismC. has been regarded as imaginativeD. has been more and more popular24. Lewis Mandell suggests that we should figure out how to ____.A. help students score better in money-management coursesB. improve the social awareness of financial educationC. carry out financial-literacy education properlyD. manage money in a more efficient way25. Jeroo Billimoria is most likely to agree that commercial and social pressures make one's purchasing decisions_____.A. difficultB. feasibleC. unwiseD. acceptablePassage TwoCheating is nothing new, But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent -and are less likely to be punished - than in the past . Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today's youth. Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact that today's youth are far more pragmatic （实用主义的）than their more idealistic predecessors. Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies，students were filled with visions about changing the world，today’s students feel great pressure to conform and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty."People are competitive," said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. There's an underlying fear. If you don't do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only form parents and friends but from oneself .To achieve .To succeed. It’s almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals,Edward Wynne, a magazine editor, blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo .sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated. "I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated," Mr. Huber said. He feels that as long as teachers gives short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can put information together, students will try to beat the system. "The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is legitimate and there is something wrong with the individual who are doing it," he said. "That's too easy an answer. We've got to start looking at the system."26. Educators are finding that students who cheat_______.A. are not only those academically weakB. tend to be dishonest in later yearsC. are more likely to be punished than beforeD. have poor academic records27. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Reform in the testing system will eliminate cheating.B. Punishment is an effective method to stop cheating.C. Students' cheating has deep social roots.D. Students do not cheat on essay tests.28. Which of the following points of view would Mr. Huber agree with ?A. Cheating would be reduced through an educational reform.B. Students who cheat should be expelled from school.C. Punishment for cheaters should be severe in this country.D. Parents must take responsibility for the rise in cheating.29. The expression "the individuals" (the last paragraph) refers to ________A. school administratorsB. students who cheatC. parentsD. teachers30. The passage mainly discusses_______A. ways to eliminate academic dishonestyB. factors leading to academic dishonestyC. the decline of moral standards of today's youthD. people's tolerance of students' cheatingPassage ThreeLast week, I read a story about a 34-year-old British woman who is extremely afraid of metal forks. She's been using plastic ones for 17 years because the sound of a fork rubbing against a plate gives her a panic attack.Strange, right? But she's not alone. While popular phobias(恐惧症) about snakes and spiders might get all of the attention, there are a wide variety of not-so-obvious horrors that make people nervous.While some phobias might seem a bit silly, they can cause serious emotional distress. My co-worker Magda is terrified of pigeons, a phobia that is taking over her life. She won't walk in certain parts of the city and runs screaming from the subway when one of these "rats with wings" finds its way onto the platform. Another friend is disgusted with cheese. Once I saw her run away from a slice of it. So where does an irrational fear of cheese come from?Are phobias something we inherit from our genes or do we acquire these unusual anxieties over time?Ever since I can remember I have been unreasonably frightened of elevators. There was no terrible childhood experience and I am fine with confined spaces, but something about elevators makes me nervous. And so, when my boyfriend and I found ourselves trapped in an elevator last year - because these sorts of things always happen eventually- I was anticipating the worst.While he gave me a suggestive eyebrow raise and proposed we "take advantage of the situation," I began screaming uncontrollably. I was far from turned on by the whole facing my worst nightmare thing.However, after the fear subsided (消退) I realized that, yes, this was my greatest fear come true, and yet - it wasn't all that bad. Nervous and inconvenient maybe, but terrifying? Not so much.Liberating yourself from a deep-seated phobia can be a long and difficult process, but sometimes it can be as simple as confronting it head on.31. The 34-year-old British woman is extremely afraid of metal forks becauseA. she has never used them beforeB. she has been injured by them beforeC. she couldn’t bear their sound on plateD. she is afraid that they may hurt herself32. The phrase “rats with wings (Para. 3) refers to ____________.A. strange birdsB. pigeonsC. devilsD. exotic rats33. The author’s fear of elevators is the result of ________ .A. her phobia for no reasonB. her nervousness of being aloneC. her dislike of being in closed spacesD. her terrible experience34. After the fear subsided, the author realized that _______ .A. her boyfriend’s help was importantB. she could have had a good time with her boyfriendC. an elevator ride could be excitingD. it was not as horrible as she had thought35. The purpose for the author to share her experience is to _________ .A. illustrate conquering a fear can be difficultB. encourage people to overcome their fearsC. introduce what strange fears people haveD. explain why people have strange fearsPassage FourThe American public's obsession with dieting has led to one of the most dangerous health misconceptions of all times. Many television ads, movies, magazine articles, and diet-food product labels would have consumers believe that carbohydrates (碳水化合物) are bad for the human body and that those who eat them will quickly become overweight. We are advised to avoid foods such as potatoes, rice and white bread and opt for meats and vegetables instead. Some companies promote this idea to encourage consumers to buy their "carb-free" food products. But the truth is, the human body needs carbohydrates to function properly, and a body that relies on carbohydrates but is exhausted of this dietary element is not in good shape after all.Most foods that we consume on a daily basis like potatoes and rice are loaded with carbohydrates. Contrary to popular belief, carbohydrates have many health benefits some fight diseases such as high blood pressure and heart disease, and others help to prevent cancer and stroke. Cutting these foods out of your diet may deprive your body of the many health benefits of carbohydrates.One of the best benefits of carbohydrates is their ability to help to maintain the health of our organs, tissues, and cells. Scientific studies have shown that one type of carbohydrate called fiber reduces the risk of heart disease. Carbohydrates also containantioxidants (抗氧化剂) , which protect the body's cells from harmful particles with the potential to cause cancer.This does not mean that the human body can survive on a diet composed entirely of carbohydrates. We also need certain percentages of proteins and fats to maintain healthy bodies. But carbohydrates certainly should not be avoided altogether. In fact, the food pyramid, the recommended basis of a healthy diet, shows that a person should consume six to eleven servings of breads and grains, as well as three to four servings each of fruits and vegetables - all carbohydrate-containing foods. It is easy to see why cutting carbohydrates out of a person's diet is not a good idea.The only way to know what is truly healthy for your own body is to talk to a nutritionist or dietician, who can help you choose foods that are right for you as well as guide you toward a proper exercise program for weight loss, or muscle gain. These professionals will never tell you to cut out carbohydrates entirely! The bottom line: listen to the experts, not the advertisers!36. As is used in Paragraph l, the word "exhausted" most possibly means _____A. derivedB. deprivedC. startledD. starving37. According to the author, advertisers who sell “carb-free” products _____A. offer healthy optionsB. are responsible for obesityC. are not telling the truthD. value consumers' well-being38. Which of the following is NOT one of the health benefits of carbohydrates?A. Prevention of fiber reduction.B. Prevention of heart disease.C. Prevention of stroke.D. Prevention of cancer.39. It can be inferred from the passage that a healthy diet .A. needs enough proteins but no fat for us to maintain energyB. is balanced between carbohydrates, and proteins and fatsC. is low in carbohydrates and high in proteins and fatsD. contains equal amounts of carbohydrates and proteins40. The main purpose of the passage is toA. promote more physical exerciseB. advocate a healthy dietC. describe the variety of carbohydratesD. explain how to live a healthy lifeSection BDirections: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer SheetOne of the central principles of raising kids in America is that parents should be actively involved in their children's education: meeting with teachers, volunteering at school helping with homework, and doing a hundred other things that few working parents have time for. These obligations are so baked into American values that few parents stop to ask whether they’re worth the effort.Until this January, few researchers did, either. In the largest-ever study of how parental involvement affects academic achievement, Keith Robinson and Angel L. Harris, two sociology professors at Duke, found that mostly it doesn’t. The researchers combed through nearly three decades' worth of surveys of American parents and tracked63 different measures of parental participation in kids' academic lives, from helping them with homework, to talking with them about college plans. In an attempt to show whether the kids of more-involved parents improved over time, the researchers indexedthese measures to children's academic performance, including test scores in reading and math.What they found surprised them. Most measurable forms of parental involvement seem to yield few academic dividends for kids, or even to backfire(适得其反) -regardless of a parent's race, class, or level of education.Do you review your daughter's homework every night? Robinson and Harris's data show that this won’t help her score higher on standardized tests. Once kids enter middle school, parental help with homework can actually bring test scores down, an effect Robinson says could be caused by the fact that many parents may have forgotten, or never truly understood, the material their children learn in school.While Robinson and Harris largely disproved that assumption, they did find a handful of habits that make a difference, such as reading aloud to young kids (fewer than half of whom are read to daily) and talking with teenagers about college plans. Butthese interventions don't take place at school or in the presence of teachers, where policymakers have the most influence - they take place at home.Comment 1:Basically the choice is whether one wants to let kids to be kids. Persistent parental involvement and constantly communicating to the kids on what the parents want consciously or unconsciously would help the kids grow up or think like the parents sooner than otherwise.Comment 2:It also depends on the kid. Emotional and social maturity have a lot to do with success in college and in life. Some kids may have the brains and are bored by high school, but that doesn't mean they are ready for college or the work place.Comment 3:The article doesn't clearly define "helping," but I understood it as actually assisting children in the exercises (e.g. helping them to solve a math problem) and/or reviewing their work for accuracy rather than simply making sure they've completed their work. I think the latter is more helpful than the former. I would also certainly hope that no study would discourage parents from monitoring their children's performance!41. The word "they" (Para. l) refers to ___.A. studiesB. principlesC. valuesD. obligations42. What is the main conclusion of the Robinson and Harris’s study?A. The kids of more-involved parents improve over time.B. Parental involvement may not necessarily benefit children.C. Parental involvement works better with low-achievers.D. Schools should communicate with parents regularly.43. Comment1 suggests thatA. parents should leave their children aloneB. kids should be kids after allC. parents may influence children's thinkingD. persistent parental involvement is a must44. The writer of Comment 2 would probably agree thatA. high intelligence does not guarantee successB. getting ready for college is an emotional processC. social maturity is sufficient to achieve success in lifeD. high school is often boring in the U.S.45. Which of the following parental helps will the writer of Comment 3 consider proper?A. Reviewing kids' homework for accuracy.B. Monitoring kids' class performance.C. Assisting kids in their exercises.D. Making sure kids have finished their workPart IV Cloze (10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked, A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Ironically, a study finds that we’re awful gift-givers precisely because we spend too much time trying to be considerate. We imagine our friends 46 a gift that is impressive, expensive, and sentimental. We imagine the look of happiness and surprise on their faces and the warmth we feel. 47. But there’s something that the most sentimental-gift-givers tend not to think too much about: 48 the gift is practical in the first place.49, practicality seems like an enemy of great gift giving. Beautiful jewelry, lovely watches, perfect rugs, finely crafted kitchen hardware: These things50great gifts because they communicate something beyond practicality. They communicate that the giver cares.But do the receivers care? Often, no. "Gift receivers would be 51 if givers gave them exactly what they requested 52 . attempting to be 'thoughtful and considerate' by buying gifts they did not explicitly request" to surprise them, the researchers write. Their clever paper asks givers and receivers to 53 gifts from two perspectives: desirability (e.g. the cost of a coffee maker) and feasibility(e.g. the 54 of the coffee maker).Across several experiments, they find that givers consistently give gifts based on desirability and receivers 55 favor gifts based on feasibility .46. A. to open B. opening C. have opened D. opened47. A. in person B. in turn C. in place D. in return48. A. Whether B. When C. Why D. How49. A. To be sure B. To sum up C. In many ways D. In many cases50.A. work out B. lead to C. make for D. take up51.A.happier B. more surprised C. happy D. surprised52.A.regardless of B. rather than C. as to D. but for53.A. decide B. classify C. select D. measure54. A. look B. quality C. nevertheless D. ease55. A. unexpectedly B. whereas C. nevertheless D. continuouslyPart V Text Completion (20 points)Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to75). Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed. First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Text OneA. accelerateB. otherwiseC. betweenD. imitatePhrases:A. would be difficult to 56B. from 57 its feathersC. enabling the bird to 58D. it 59 couldThe emperor penguin traps air in its feathers. Not only does this insulate the bird against extreme cold but it also enables it to move two or three times faster than 60 . How? Marine biologists have suggested that it does so by releasing tiny air bubbles 61 . As these bubbles are released, the reduce friction on the surface of the penguin's wings, 62 .Interestingly, engineers have been studying ways to make ships go faster by using bubbles to reduce friction against their hulls (船身) . However, researchers acknowledge that further investigation is challenging because "the complexity of penguin’s wings63 .Text TwoA. beyondB. as well asC. sendingPhrases:A. 64 the wages of average familiesB. 65 young people to collegeC. 66 the reach of most AmericansA research group in California has released a "national report card on higher education." The report says the price of college has increased more than four hundred percent since 1982. Costs have climbed much faster than other prices- 67 ．The group warns that a continuation of these trends would put higher education 68 .And it would mean greater debt for those who do go to college. The report also expresses concern that the United States is losing its leadership in 69 .Text ThreeA. soB. hire themC. watching TVPhrases:A. and understandably 70B. that could be spent 71C. that the companies that 72 want moneyChildren are a special target of advertisers, 73 . Young people are shopping and spending more than ever before. Researchers suggest that children who are highly involved in consumer culture are more prone to childhood depression and anxiety and have worse relationships with their parents. They said: "You cannot totally protect your kids from advertising because it is everywhere. So you can explain to your kids that advertisers have an agenda and 74 . They don't have our best interests in mind."They also suggest that family should watch very little television. You can fill the time 75 with other activities, such as reading and playing games together.Paper TwoPart VI (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet.The social costs of unemployment go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made the government. Unemployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary-that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys. But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new technology there will be a simple net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. “We should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure. It may not be easy, but society will have to reach a new agreement on the division and distribution of labor.” Seymour says.Part Ⅶ Writing (15 points)Directions: Write a composition in no less than 150 words on the topic: A Way to Success. Read the following article in Chinese, then write according to the outline given below. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.大学毕业时，小刘决定不找工作。
2014年管理类联考英语二真题及答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health。
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese。
2014年考研英语(二)真题及答案解析
2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
2014级在职研究生英语复习题
2014级在职研究生英语复习题I. Vocabulary and StructureDirections: Choose the best one to complete each sentence.1.I'd like to take _____D_____ of this opportunity to thank all of you for your co-operation.A. profitB. benefitC. occasionD. advantage2.People who cannot _____B_____ between colors are said to be color-blind.A. compareB. separateC. establishD. contrast3.We finally ______A____ an agreement after a lot of hard bargaining.A. reachedB. didC. arrivedD. drove4.How could he ______ D ____ from believing that she was changing her mind?A. avoidB. stopC. preventD. keep5.He didn't live up to _____A_______ had been expected of him.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. all6.She did not feel ________B______ going out, as she had a slight headache.A. aboutB. likeC. afterD. for7.The price of gold rose again, partly ____ D ______ news about war.A. result inB. go withC. becauseD. due to8.Responsibilities _________________ becoming a father.A. charge forB. go withC. save forD. go through9.If you ___________ in your rent again, you may get thrown out.A. fall behindB. account forC. charge for .) come to1 0. The country has ____________ too many wars in the past few decades; its people are longing for peace so much.A. prevented fromB. resulted inC. gone throughD. gone with11.She wouldn't even take a drink, _____________ stay for dinner.A. much moreB. much fewC. much lesserD. much less12. The first popularly chosen president has ____ D ____ the political representatives over the slow pace of economic change.A. prevented fromB. charged forC. accounted forD. clashed with13.Unless we get more money, we'll be ____________ finishing this enquiry program.A) separated from B) recovered from C) prevented from D) charged from14.Though we have spent two nights in _______ the problem, we still can't find a solution.A. working onB. working outC. working upD. working in15.It was such a wonderful day that they decided to take a day __ D ___ to the mountain.A. awayB. voyageC. boat tripD. excursion16. With the increasing of environmental awareness, many green belts _______ all over the country.A. spring offB. spring upC. spring inD. spring out17.Sunglasses are used to _____ people's eyes from the light of the sun.A. preventB. protectC. stopD. save18.The boss ___ D ___ his employees' idea of an early holiday in the spring.A. frowned atB. frowned offC. frowned downD. frowned on19.The company offered him high pay as an ______ to accept the job.A. inducementB. aimC. invitationD. apple20.My car broke _______ so I had to come by bus.A. downB. overC. withD. beyond21.To maintain one's belief is to stick _______ it.A. forB. onC. toD. after22.The weather forecast was good so it should turn _______ fine after all.A. intoB. outC. overD. up23.They were so far away that I couldn't ____ D ___ their faces clearly.A. see throughB. make upC. make atD. make out24.Tom was absorbed _______ his work.A. atB. inC. withD. on25.The football match had to be _________ owing to the bad weather .A. cancelledB. advancedC. arrangedD. held26.The starter (赛跑发令员) gave the _________ for the race to begin.A. adviceB. signalC. glowD. attention27.This lovely old town has a _________ you couldn't find in a big city.A. conditionB. standardC. situationD. charm28. They were under the ____ D _____ that the company was doing well, but in fact it was in serious trouble.A. conclusionB. expressionC. convictionD. illusion29.I didn't know what to do, but then an idea suddenly ________ to me.A. appearedB. happenedC. occurredD. emerged30. Pipes made of this plastic are now widely used in building as they are light and do not become _________ in water.A. ripeB. instantC. rottenD. mature31.We watched the plane _________ behind the clouds.A. disappearingB. disappearedC. divingD. dived32. The United Nations Conference on Global Environment, which took place earlier this year in Vienna, was a very ________ meeting.A. productiveB. communicativeC. aggressiveD. protective33. The local government tried its best to ensure each of its citizens a _________ supply of food at regular intervals (时间间隔).A. consistentB. continualC. continuousD. numerous34.It was difficult to guess what her ________ to the news would be.A. reactionB. commentC. impressionD. opinion35.There have been many ___________ in their marriage but they still love each other.A. ups and downsB. from head to toeC. time and againD. over and over36.The race was so close that everyone was _________ at the finish.A. holding his breathB. working outC. winning overD. thinking of37.She _________ a new idea for increasing sales.A. came up withB. came up atC. came byD. came for38. I can hardly believe my eyes. This ____ D ___ man is actually a scientist who once won the Nobel Prize.A．remarkable B．unusual C．magnificent D．unremarkable39.She bought a blue and yellow bat to _______ her new blue dress.A．match B．shade C．combine D. marry40.When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them _______.A. off .) aside C. out D. down41.In case of emergency, please _____ D ___ the orders of the ship crew.A. postB. transferC. confirmD. obey42.I will repair this new TV set without charging because it is under _______.A. initialB. trialC. guarantee D maximum43.A completely new situation is likely to _____ when the school leaving age is raised to 16.A. affectB. riseC. ariseD. happen44.This ticket ________ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A. givesB. grantsC. entitlesD. credits45.He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any ___ D ____on what he promises.A. faithB. beliefC. creditD. reliance46.After that they drove to the Guest House at ________ speed.A. topB. headC. wholeD. every47. It might be asked what the author's basic _______were; then we could understand his works better.A. talentsB. intentionsC. educationsD. symbols48. We forgave her bad temper because we knew that her father's illness had put her under great _________.A. tensionB. crisisC. stressD. nervousness49.He never ___ D ____ to read the news but turned at once to the crossword on the last page.A. worriedB. noticedC. painedD. troubled50.Since we can't hear you at the back of the hall, you'll have to __________ your voice.A. liftB. increaseC. raiseD. open51.The price they offered for my old car was so low that I _________ it down.A. broughtB. turned C called D refused52.The noise of the traffic _________ Paul from his work.A. preventedB. distractedC. annoyedD. upset53. We forgave his bad temper because we knew that his son's illness had put him under great ______ D ___.A. emotionB. excitementC. crisisD. stress54.Inquiries ______ the condition of the patients may be made personally or by telephone.A. revealingB. concerningC. affectingD. following55. Nobody knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _________ down the economy.A. putB. settleC. dragD. knock56.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat _________.A. disapprovalB. rejectionC. refusalD. decline57.Our department _______ courses in several foreign languages.A. acceptsB. considersC. offersD. takes58.She had clearly no _______ of doing any work, although she was very well paid.A. tendencyB. ambitionC. intentionD. willingness59. Many students found the book _______ because it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.A. enlighteningB. confusingC. distractingD. amusing60. I just managed to _______ a quick breath before I was sucked under the water by the passing boats.A. loadB. gainC. snatchD. grab61.The government's strong action demonstrated its ___ D ____ to crush the rebellion.A. energyB. resistanceC. courageD. determination62.Mr. Sanders has been asked to _______ the next meeting of the Library Committee.A. manageB. chairC. leadD. direct63. Unless he is ________ intense love, he hardly ever looks into someone else's eyes for very long.A. confessingB. refusingC. grantingD. covering64. The observer's statement about the accident was very _____; we know almost every thing about it now.A. specificB. especialC. exceptionalD. special65.A friendship may be ___ D ____, relaxed, situational or deep and lasting.A. identicalB. originalC. criticalD. superficial66. In general, matters which lie entirely within the state boundaries are the ______ concern of the state government.A. excessiveB. externalC. excludingD. exclusive67. Occasionally we experience strong winds and storms the west, but the _____ winds are from the north-east.A. existingB. prevailingC. particularD. special68.This book is full of practical _____ on home decorating and repairs.A. helpsB. tipsC. nodsD. clues69.Violence in the local prison has _____ two lives.A. removedB. takenC. costD. murder70.The doctor told Penny that too much _____ to the sun is bad for the skin.A. exposureB. extensionC. exhibitionD. expansion71. In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should _ D ____ his finding in logical order and clear language.A. furnishB. proposeC. raiseD. presentThis hotel _____ $ 60 for a single room with bath.72.A. claimsB. demandsC. pricesD. charges73.She was so _____ in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.A. attractedB. absorbedC. drawnD. concentrated74. Although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful __ D ___ through the window.A. visionB. lookC. pictureD. view75.I caught a _____ of the taxi before it disappeared around the corner of the street.A. visionB. glimpseC. lookD. scene76.We should lay money up for a _________ day. We may need it some day.A) sunny B) rainy C) cloudy D) cold77.He was a much older tennis player but he had the great _____ D ____ of experience.A. valueB. handC. priorityD. advantage78.He has left his book here on ________ so that you can read it.A. purposeB. aimC. intention D sense79.Be careful with those fireworks; they are __________ to go off unexpectedly.A. availableB. presumablyC. easy D able80.He lost his parents at ten and had to live at his uncle's ____________.A cost B. charge C. expense D. pay81.This food has been kept at a ____________ low temperature for a long time.A) relatively B. roughly C. remarkable D. readily82.Since the matter was extremely ________, we dealt with it immediately.A. toughB. tenseC. urgentD. instant83. The National Industrial Recovery Act was designed to _________ industry, to make it develop more quickly.A. taxB. stimulateC. controlD. trap84. In my opinion, you can widen the ____ D ____ of these improvements through your active participation.A. dimensionB. volumeC. magnitudeD. scope85. Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it, and this ________ produces artificial cold surrounding it.A. consumptionB. transitionC. absorptionD. interaction86. Lightning is a ________ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.A. rushB. rainbowC. rackD. ribbon87.It is well known that knowledge is the ____ D ____ condition for expansion of mind.A. incompatibleB. incredibleC. indefiniteD. indispensable88. New York ________ second in the production of apples, producing 850,000, 000 pounds this year.A. rankedB. occupiedC. arranged D classified89. When he tried to make a ________, he found that the hotel he wanted was completely filled because of a convention.A. complaintB. claimC. reservation D decision90. The public opinion was that the time was not ________ for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.A. reasonableB. ripeC. ready D practical91.Hudson said he couldn't kill a living thing except for the ___ D _____ of hunger.A. sensationB. causeC. purposeD. motive92.A(n) ______ of territory had always been a wish of the ruler of that country.A. extensiveB. expansionC. intentionD. expectation93.There is a forecast that the _____ for a good crop harvest will be rather poor this year.A. prospectB. protectionC. proportionD. promise94.The _______ of the film star really disappointed her fans.A. preciousB. absenceC. presentD. absent95.You have to _______ grammar mistakes from the essay before you hand it in.A. judgeB. displayC. revealD. eliminate96.You can put on your jeans. It is just a(n) ___ D ___ party.A. wonderfulB. incredibleC. formalD. informal97.I am not surprised at all that she chose the white skirt. She always has a ____ for white.A. preferB. preferableC. preferenceD. preferred98.The middle-aged woman worried about her ______future with no money and no family.A. gloomyB. brightC. splendidD. fearful99.A ____ D ___ of robbers broke into the bank and took away all the money.A. bunchB. schoolC. rankD. gang100. I asked her the question as soon as I saw her, but she only gave me a(n) ______ answer instead of a definite one.A. directB. implicitC. clearD. infiniteIII. Cloze Passage 1:In one Hong Kong secondary school every candidate for a teaching post is asked the question, "What are your views on discipline in and _1_ D _ the classroom?"The answer may be, "I believe __2 D __ great freedom in the classroom, pretty much allowing the students to do their own thing in the subject I'm teaching." That man will not be __3__.__4__ not? Because, even though he may arouse the interests of the students -- and __5__ is good -- he, nevertheless, is guilty __6__ not leading the students' interests __7__ the necessary and useful way of __8__ comprehension of their subject.__9__ a singing or boxing student who practiced __10__ his own and merely came to an instructor occasionally for encouragement. Good instruction demands specific details on the best methods to follow and the dangers to guard against.1. A) of B) to C) for D) outside2. A) with B) of C) for D) in3. A) pleased B) employed C) agreed D) attracted4. A) So B) Why C) But D) What5. A) it B) which C) that D) he6. A) for B) of C) in D) by7. A) nearby B) along C) from D) beyond8. A) full B) detailed C) close D) reasonable9. A) Watch B) Become C) Imagine D) Suppose10. A) on B) by C) for D) inPassage 2:In traditional education, the teacher may feel that the students are not very grown up. 1 , teachers are older than students, 2 teachers feel that students are young and do not know very much about the 3 . The teachers feel that they must tell the students what to do most of the time, and that they must also make the students study specific things. In 4 education, the teacher's 5 are very different. These teachers feel that the students are individuals first, and students second. They 6 the students to be responsible for the things that they do, just as adults 7 . A student's ideas and feelings are just as important as the teacher’s. The teacher 8 the students to decide what they want to do, and does not make them study what they do not want to. The teacher lets them decide what to study and how 9 to study. It's very important for the teacher to 10 how he or she feels about the students.1. A) Usually B) Indeed C) Not D) Actually2. A) and B) however C) still D) yet3. A) universe B) culture C) world D) civilization4. A) open B) higher C) strict D) private5. A) feelings B) interests C) methods D) ways6. A) like B) hope C) expect D) help7. A) are B) do C) will D) would8. A) allows B) makes C) lets D) help9. A) much B) well C) hard D) simple10. A) tell B) show C) point D) sayPassage 3:The history of modern water pollution goes __ 1__ to February 28, 1931, when Mrs. Murphy __ 2 D __ over her back-yard fence and said to Mrs. Holbrook, "You __ 3__ those shirts white?"Mrs. Holbrook was __ 4__ to admit they were as white as she could get them __ 5__ that ordinary soap."What you should use is this Formula Cake Soap Which __ 6_ D _ against the dull grey look that the family wash __7 __ had."Doubtful __8__ adventurous, Mrs. Holbrook tried the Formula soap, __9__ did take the grey out of her husband's shirts. But what she didn't know was that the water eventually __10__ into the Blue Sky River, killing two fish.Three years later, Mrs. Murphy was __11__ her shirts and Mrs. Holbrook said, "How did you ever get our collars so __12__, surely not with Formula?""Not ordinary Formula. But I did with Super Fortified Formula. You see, it attacks dirt and destroys it. Here, try some _13 __ your shirts."Mrs. Holbrook __14__ and discovered her husband's shirt collars turned pure white. What she could not possibly know was that it turned the river water pure white as __15__.Six months later, the Blue Sky River was __16__ a health hazard. One day as Mr. Holbrook was walking home from work, he accidentally __17__ the Blue Sky River, swallowed a __18__ of1. A) down B) straight C) back D) off2. A) sloped B) stretched C) leapt D) leaned3. A) get B) call C) name D) make4. A) ashamed B) shamed C) shameless D) shameful5. A) by B) from C) with D) without6. A) promises B) protects C) ensures D) guarantees7. A) possibly B) always C) seldom D) never8. A) and B) but C) though D) or9. A) that B) which C) she D) it10. A) emptied B) left C) rushed D) reached11. A) putting up B) putting on C) hanging up D) hanging on12. A) soapy B) dirty C) white D) grey13. A) at B) on C) to D) for14. A) did B) refused C) understood D) hesitated15 A) expected B) snow C) well D) usual16. A) declared B) recognized C) published D) stated17. A) swam it B) fell into C) drowned it D) crossed over18. A) drop B) mouthful C) drink D) glass19. A) about B) to C) as for D) as to20. A) oldest B) best C) dirtiest D) cleanestII. Reading ComprehensionPassage 1In the past ten years several experts have tried to teach language to apes. One American psychologist trained his ape named Sarah to make sentences on a computer. Another American scientist trained an ape named Washoe to make signs for words. A third American scientist also trained an ape named Nim Chimpsky to use sign language. Nim learned over a hundred signs fordifferent words. But can we say that these apes learned language?Dr. Herbert Terrace of New York City is a psychologist. He wanted to study the language ability of apes. He decided that he would raise a young ape in his home. He would send this ape to school, and teachers would teach him sign language. Then doctor Terrace would give different language tests to the ape. By this experiment he would discover if apes could learn language.Dr.Terrace's ape, a chimpanzee named Nim Chimpsky, went to nursery school at Columbia University. There he had special teachers who taught him signs for English words. These teachers worked with Nim for five hours every day. They treated Nim lovingly and patiently. In four months Nim learned the signs for 125 words.But during the next two years Nim's language did not improve very much. Nim still had a small vocabulary. Most of Nim's words were nouns for visible things such as table or apple. Nim learned a few active verbs such as bite, jump, and hurry. He also learned some basic colors such as blue and red. Nim would often use two or three words together. He might make signs that said, "Nim eat apple." This seemed like an English sentence. But Nim would also use signs meaning "eat Nim apple. " This is not a correct English sentence.Dr. Terrace decided that Nim could not really learn language as humans can. For example, Nim never created new words. He never added new information to his sentence. Nim couldn't even begin sentences. He would only give responses to his teachers' questions. Will future experiments show that apes can learn language? Dr. Terrace doesn't think so.1. The main purpose of the several experiments with apes is to _ D _____.A)make sure how many words an ape can masterB) decide the differences between humans and apesC)know whether sign language will be acceptable in the futureD) discover whether apes have the ability to learn language2. How long did the experiment with Nim last?A)24 months B)4 months C) 28 months D) 14 months3. Which of the following is Not True?A)Nim learned more nouns than verbs and adjectives.B)Nim had a small vocabulary after 4 months of learning.C) Nim learned to speak English in four months.D) Nim often used two or three words at a time.4. Dr. Terrace finally decided that apes could not learn language mainly because ______.A)they can hardly answer humans' questionsB) they can never learn in an active and creative wayC) they can not make themselves understoodD)all of the above5. The passage tells us that ______.A) apes can learn signs for nouns and verbs B)Dr. Terrace is not a good psychologistC) apes don't have language ability D)talking apes can only be a future possibility Passage 2Communication by television has been one-way since its beginning. However, the television watcher will soon be able to talk back. Two-way television is now a possibility, making electronic communication a goal for the future. Because of computers and cable television, the members of the audience will soon be more than watchers. They will be able to do more than choose their programs.They will also be able to give feedback on them. Two-way TV is not a dream. The hardware for such a two-way system already exists. For example, the cable television systems that are spreading rapidly connect stations and television sets. The same equipment can be used to return information.One experimental group of cable-television watchers is called Qube ( pronounced like cube ) in Columbus, Ohio. Qube has thirty channels. Members pay for what they watch. The choice of programs includes everything from sports to children's shows, from TV games to anthropology. Most importantly, however, the viewers can talk back. A book-sized box of buttons makes it possible. For example, after a program, the announcer might ask for the opinion of the audience. The audience can respond by pushing buttons. An electronic signal goes to a bank of computers at the Qube station. Almost instantly, the data are analyzed, and the viewers see the results on their TV sets.A nationwide Qube system would have many uses. Government leaders could use it to get feedback from the people. It could even be used for voting. Furthermore, teachers in television classrooms could communicate with their unseen students. A television communication system would have a great influence on a country. For example, after a talk about a new product, an announcer could ask the audience for opinions. Would they buy the product? During a talk by a government leader, the announcer could ask the audience to talk back. The leader would know whether the audience believed him or not.Out of all these dreams of progress, however, there comes one question. Is this what people need and want? With a Qube system, a person might not need to leave the TV set. What would happen to society?1. With a two-way television, watchers can ______.A)choose more than one programB) tell TV announcers what they think of the programs they have just watchedC)use it as a telephone for communicationD) provide TV stations with new information2. The most important feature of Qube is that viewers can ____ D __.A)watch programs on thirty channelsB)watch any program by sending electronic signalsC) use the computers at the Qube station through their TV setsD) talk back to the announcers by pushing buttons on a book-sized box3. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is __ D ____.A)what the watcher can choose in a Qube systemB) when the Qube system will be put into useC)where the Qube system is being usedD) how a Qube system works4. Feedback from the viewers is analyzed by ___ D ___.A)announcers B) TV sets C)specialists D) computers5. According to the passage, the Qube system ____ D __.A)is widely used in the U.S.A. B)is being tested in a lab in OhioC) is a dream that will never come true D) is at an experimental stagePassage 3The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth’s surface is covered with water. But about 97% of this huge amount isseawater, or slat water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% ---- the fresh water that comes from rivers, lakes, underground, and other sources. And we cannot even use all of that, because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers. Even worse, some of it has been polluted.However, as things stand today, this small amount of fresh water, which is constantly being replaced by rainfall is still enough for us. But our need for water is increasing rapidly ---- almost day by day. Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on. A limited water supply would have a bad effect on agriculture and industry. Let me give you just one small example of how necessary water is to industry. Did you know that to produce a single ton of steel takes about 91,000 liters of water?We all have to learn how to stop wasting our precious water. One of the first steps we should take is to develop ways of reusing it. Experiments have already been done in this field, but only ona small scale. The systems that have been worked out resemble those used in spacecraft.1. The first sentence “The world …is also thirsty for water.” means that ______.A)the world has not enough fresh water to meet our future needsB)people all over the world are thirsty for water nowC)we are now facing a serious problem of worldwide water shortageD)we cannot make use of all the fresh water on earth2. According to the passage, only about ____ D______ of the earth’s surface is covered with fresh water.A)75% B)3% C)97% D)2.3%3. We may face a severe worldwide water shortage in the future because ______ D ____.A)the small amount of fresh water is constantly being replaced by rainfallB)some of it has been pollutedC)some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciersD)our need for fresh water is increasing rapidly4. According to the passage, one of the first steps we should take to stop wasting our fresh water is __________.A)to deal with this problem now B)to have lectures on the subjectC)to develop ways of reusing it D)to work out systems that resemble those used in spacecraft5. This passage is mainly about __________.A)water and the earth B)fresh water on earthC)water shortage problem D)experiments on how to reuse fresh waterPassage 4Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example, within seconds, people can know the results of an election in another country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set. News of a disaster such as an earthquake or flood can bring help from distant countries. Within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travel fast.How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people, the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents took。
2014考研英语真题及答案解析(详细)
2014考研真题及答案解析Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
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2014年在职硕士GCT英语考试真题第四部分外语运用能力测试(英语)(50题，每题2分，满分100分，考试时间45分钟)Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. We interview ten_______but did not find anyone suitable.A. candidatesB. partnersC. companionsD. opponents2. The customs officer_______him open his three suitcases.A. urgedB. askedC. madeD. forced3. We all questioned_______accurate the result was.A. whatB. howC. whyD. however4. It wouldn’t do you any _______to work a bit harder.A. hurtB. harmC. injuryD. wound5. I need new heels on these shoes; the present ones are _______.A. taken downB. kept downC. knocked downD. worn down6. This instrument, _______and operating next year, will consist ofA. completingB. completedC. to be completedD. to complete7. She lost her balance and if she hadn’t supported herself.A. would have fallenB. fellC. would fallD. had fallen8. The radical policy was rejected a more cautious one.A. in favor ofB. in spite ofC. in time ofD. in honor of9. I can’t tell you how I am to you for having listened to me.A. usefulB. helpfulC. faithfulD. grateful10. Bats are long-lived creatures, a life-expectancy of around 20 years.A. some haveB. some havingC. some of which havingD. some of them havePart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are three passages and one table, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Passage OneMany people start relationships because of loneliness. Loneliness and being alone are not synonymous. Loneliness is a state of painful isolation, of feeling cut off from friends and family. Being alone, a state of solitude (独处), can be quitedesirable most of the time, since it allows us to work, study, live, or reflect on the world around us. Solitude is usually a matter of choice; loneliness is not.Lonely people tend to spend a lot of time by themselves, eat dinner alone, spend weekends alone, and participate in few if only any social activities. They are unlikely to date. Some lonely people report having many friends, but a closer look suggests that these “friendships” are shallow. Lonely people are unlikely to share confidences. Loneliness tends to peak during adolescence (青春期). This is when most young people begin to replace family ties with peer relationships. Loneliness is quite often connected with feeling of depression and with a feeling of being “sick at heart”.Loneliness is even reported among some married people. In one of the recent studies, lonely wives tended to feel less liking and love for their partners and expressed less satisfaction with their married life. Lonely husbands reported less liking for their wives and less intimacy in their relationship.11. The topic of the first paragraph is .A. isolation and painB. solitude and lonelinessC. how to begin relationshipsD. intentional choice of staying alone12. The word “synonymous” (Para.1) is closest in meaning to .A. similarB. relevantC. differentD. unknown13. Which of the following is discussed in Paragraph 2?A. How loneliness usually gets started.B. Why lonely people often feel depressed.C. What lonely people want in general.D. How lonely people usually behave.14. According to Paragraph 2, adolescence is a period in life when .A. teenagers begin to form a closer tie with peersB. young people become less disciplinedC. young people break their family tiesD. most teenagers feel lonely and depressed15. According to a recent study, loneliness .A. is often found among adultsB. bring unpleasant effects to marriageC. is a matter of personal choiceD. bring a closer family relationshipQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Passage TwoNow, one biggest summertime question has been answered: Why do people look so much better in sunglasses? Vanessa Brown, a senior lecturer of art and design at Nottingham Trent University, gave an inside look into the connection between shades and sex appeal.According to Brown, sunglasses do a wide variety of positive things. They make up for any asymmetries (不对称), which relates directly to research proving that symmetrical faces are the most attractive ones. If you put on a pair of sunglasses, the lenses will instantly create a perfectly symmetrical face. Sunglasses also create the appearance of a defined bone structure on top of a relatively soft face. Additionally, people often form quick judgments about others by looking into their eyes. Through eye contact, we can determine someone’s confidence, sincerity and intelligence. If those eyes are shielded, though a person is automatically unreadable.We take them for granted today, but sunglasses are a relatively modern everyday accessory (饰件). Sales started to pick up in the 1920s, but they didn’tbecome commonplace until about two decades after that. In their early days sunglasses were primarily used during risky water and snow sports, and were also associated with new technologies like airplane travel, which made them seem “daring and thoroughly modern”.Later, Hollywood stars of the 1950s and 60s started wearing sunglasses to defend themselves from being recognized by the public or harassed by paparazzi (狗仔队). Movie stars’ adoption of the accessory strengthened the link between sunglasses and appeal.16. Sunglass makes us look appearing by _____.A. covering our tirednessB. creating a softer faceC. protecting our eyesD. improving our facial appearance17. According to Paragraph 3, people in sunglasses would look_____.A. smartB. mysteriousC. proudD. confident18. Sunglasses began to be popular in the______.A. 1920sB. 1940sC. 1950sD. 1960s19. The example of sportsman shows that______.A. they over-emphasized the role of sunglassesB. the public are eager to follow themC. sunglasses create a desirable imageD. sunglasses protect people from harassment20. The passage is mainly written to______.A. explain why sunglasses improve appearanceB. demonstrate how to make better use of sunglassesC. introduce the major functions of sunglassesD. describe the evolution of sunglassesQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:Passage ThreeA cup of tea is almost a symbol of British culture. As a nation, we are well known for our strong liking for this particular hot drink, especially if it is accompanied by some cake or biscuits. Here are some facts about tea drinking habits in the UK.1)There is no real tea timeAll around the world, everyone thinks that British people drink tea every day at 5 o’clock in the afternoon. In reality, we drink tea at every hour of the day, from the minute we get up to the last thing before going to bed. Of course it’s quite likely that a British person will drink tea around the middle of the afternoon, but it’s also common to drink it with breakfast.2) The perfect partner : sconesScones are a simple kind of cake, slightly sweet and usually served with jam and cream. They are ex cellent with tea. In fact, if you order a “cream tea” in the UK, you’ll get a teapot accompanied by a plateful of these little treats. Delicious!3) Milk in teaBritish people nearly always put milk in their tea. This seems strange to people from other European countries, who would rather drink their tea without adding anything to it. In British, people add a certain quantity of milk depending on taste and the tea ends up being opaque (不透明) and brown instead of clear. People are always shocked when I say that I prefer coffee to tea. Tea really is part of our cultural identity, whether we like it or not!21. According to the passage, British people are well known for .A. their unique cake and biscuitsB. Their particular drinking habitsC. their passion for teaD. the love of their own culture22. People tend to believe that British tea time is .A. at any time of the dayB. at breakfast timeC. before going to bedD. late in the afternoon23. A typical “cream tea” in the UK .A. usually goes with sconesB. is a special kind of cakeC. is a slightly sweet drinkD. includes a teapot as a gift24. According to the passage, people from other European countries .A. take tea as their culture identityB. prefer cream tea to coffeeC. seldom add anything to their teaD. like to add milk to their tea25. What is this passage mainly about?A. British tea history.B. British eating habits.C. British tea time.D. British tea culture.Questions 26-30 are based on the following chart: Passage Four26. What can be said as an overview of the chart?A. There has been little population change over decades.B. The aged population will continue to grow.C. Most American can live longer in 2020 than today.D. The growth rate of aged people is slowing down.27. What was true of the situation in 2000?A. The total number of aged people had dropped.B. The total number of aged people remained unchanged.C. The number of people aged 65-74 had grown.D. The number of people aged 75-84 had increased.28. From 1980 to 2010, which age group had the highest growth rate?A. Aged 65-74.B. Aged 75-84.C. Aged over 85.D. Aged under 65.29. What was the total aged population in 2010?A. 30 million.B. 40 million.C. 33 million.D. 45 million.30. Which decade sees the sharpest increase in population between 65-74?A. 1980s.B. 2000s.C. 1990sD. 2010s.Part Three Cloze Directions:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Imagine a product that can be used as medicine, a cleaning agent, and a beauty treatment. You can eat it, drink its juice, and 31 essential oil from it. It is available all over the world, and is inexpensive. You may even have one in your kitchen 32 . What is it? The lemon!It is thought that lemons 33 in Southeast Asia. From 34 they were gradually carried westward, toward the Mediterranean. Lemon trees thrive in mild 35 , which is why they grow so well in places like Italy, Mexico, Spain, and even parts of Africa and Asia. A mature tree, depending on the variety and location, can produce 36 from 200 to a staggering 1,500 lemons a year. The cultivated varieties 37 in different periods, making it possible to harvest lemons year-round.You don’t need lots of space to grow a lemon tree. Even a sunny balcony (阳台) is enough, 38 small lemon trees can be grown in pots and can make your house beautiful. They like sunny, wind-free spots where they can soak up the warmth, 39 against a wall. However, if the temperature drops a lot during the winter, they need to be 40 or brought indoors.31. A. occupy B. examine C. obtain D. exchange32. A. right now B. on time C. in time D. just now33. A. rooted B. emerged C. appeared D. originated34. A. where B. which C. when D. there35. A. weather B. climates C. land D. soil36. A. anywhere B. elsewhere C. everywhere D. nowhere37. A. sow B. plant C. harvest D. bloom38. A. when B. while C. as D. though39. A. likely B. preferably C. probably D. literally40. A. covered B. closed C. buried D. packedPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and the best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. A: I ordered a book from you last Saturday. It hasn’t arrived yet.B: Please tell me the serial number on your order sheet. .A. You won’t regret itB. Trust meC. I promiseD. I’ll run a check for you42. A: You seem to be having some problem.B: I’ll manage.A. Are you sure?B. I’m afraid not.C. It’s all right.D. Is it so?43. A: Well, you told me to soak it in hot water.B: I told you to dip it in warm water.A. You did, you know.B. No, I didn’t!C. That’s what I said!D. That’s true.44. A: I don’t know what we’d have done if you hadn’t come along. B: . It was the least I could do.A. It’s very goodB. It works wellC. Don’t mention itD. I’m not sure45. A: Excuse me, sir, but could I ask you a quick question?B:A. Sure, What is it?B. Yes, you are so kind.C. Take it easy.D. Give me a break.46. A: We have to say bye now. I wish you a pleasant journey.B:A. You can count on me.B. Thanks. Take care.C. The same here.D. Yes, you said it.47. A: It must feel great to be almost finished with school. At least you can see the light at the end of the tunnel.B:A. That goes without saying.B. Who can tell?C. You can say it again.D. That’s not saying much.48. A: A button came off my shirt and was lost.B: Many shirts come with an extra button.A: You’re right.A. Let’s see if it has one.B. I’ll sew it on.C. Forget it!D. That’s a good idea.49. A: Something must be wrong with my computer. All I get is a black screen.B: Will you lose all your files?A: .A. It sure is, but I’ll call the serviceB. I won’t let it goC. No, I always back up my filesD. I’ll do my best50. A: I can’t believe it’s so hot. I think I’m dying from the heat. It’s not even noon yet.B: _______A. That means it will get even hotter?B. I’m sure I will die from it.C. Will you please turn on the air conditioner?D. What will happen then?更多在职硕士考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线在职硕士频道”。