高考英语一轮复习教案： 语法梳理 状语从句汇编

状语从句（一）时间状语从句时间状语从句1．when, while, as的区别这三个词都可以用作连接词，表示时间关系，但有所区别。

(1)when表示时间关系时，意思常常是“当(在)……的时候”。

主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。

例如：When we were at school, we went to the library every day.我们在求学的时候，每天都到图书馆去。

(2)while 用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)……的时候”，主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生。

它有时可与when通用，但它只能指一段时间(a period of time)，而不能指一点时间的(a point of time)。

如上面第一个例句中的when，可以用while代替；而第二个例句中的when，就不能用while代替。

例如：Please don’t talk so aloud while others are working.别人在工作的时候，请勿大声讲话。

(3)as用作连接词表示时间关系时，意思也是“当(在)……时候”，往往可与when 或while通用，但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。

例如：I saw him as he was getting off the bus.当他下公共汽车的时候，我看见了他。

2．一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。

如：The first time I got to the island, I was amazed by its beauty.我第一次到这座岛屿的时候，我就对它的美丽感到惊异。

The moment I entered the room, I smelled something usual.我一走进房间里，就觉得不对头。

Every time I visit him, he is always reading.每次当我拜访他的时候，他总是在读书。

3．directly和immediately也可作为连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，相当于the moment/the instant和as soon as。

如：I knew something was wrong directly I arrived.我一到就知道出事了。

The boys did all sorts of mischief immediately my back was turned.我一转身孩子们就捣乱。

4．before 和afterbefore 引导的从句的动作通常发生在主句动作之后，如果从句是过去时，主句一般要用过去完成时或一般过去时。

after引导的从句动作通常发生在主句动作之前，如果主句要用过去时，从句则要用过去完成时或一般过去时。

例如：The plane had taken off before he arrived at the airport.他到机场前飞机早就起飞了。

After he had lived in the south for nearly 20 years, he decided to go to seek his fortune in the north.他在南方生活了将近二十年后，决定去北方碰碰运气。

They arrived at the cinema after the film began.电影开始之后他们到了影院。

5．no sooner...than 和hardly (scarcely)．.. when这两个连词词组都是表示主句与从句动作随即发生，意为“一……就……”。

主句动词用过去完成时。

如果no sooner, hardly 或scarcely位于句首，主句要倒装。

例如：No sooner had he entered the house than it began to rain.他刚走进房间天就开始下起雨来了。

He had hardly gone to bed when the telephone rang.他刚上床电话就响了。

6．till 和until这两个词的用法十分近似，都表示“直到……”，但在句首只能用until。

在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词；在否定句中，主句要用非延续性动词，这时until和before同义。

例如：Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.直到他们完成工作才回家。

7. It 与before, since, when引导的时间状语从句连用时的区别：(1)It is/has been＋时间段＋since ... 自从……以来已有多长时间了。

(2)It is/was＋时间点＋when ... when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。

常译为“当……的时候，是……”。

(3)It be ＋时间段＋before ... it 指时间，主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。

常译为“……之后……”。

例如：How long is it since we met last time?自从上一次我们见面以来已有多长时间了？It was a lready midnight when I got home.当我到家时已是半夜了。

It was not long before she got married and moved to Japan.不久她就结婚，搬往日本了。

（二）地点状语从句地点状语从句用where, wherever引导Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

Wherever they went, they received a warm welcome. 无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎。

（三）原因状语从句原因状语从句用because（因为），since（既然）, as（由于）引导1、由why提问必须用because回答。

since, as不回答why的提问，而且从句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。

2、because of +名词Because of the rain, we didn’t go to the park.3、because 和so不可连用，只能选其一。

（另有although, but）Why didn’t he come to school? Because he was ill.Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。

4、for并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。

for所提供的理由为一个补充说明，而且前面常有逗号隔开。

The days are short, for it is December now.（四）目的状语从句目的状语从句用so（常用于口语）, that, so that, in order that引导目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。

We’ll sit never to the front so we can hear better.He studied hard so that he might succeed. 他努力学习，以便成功。

They hurried to the station in order that they could catch the train.他们急忙赶往火车站，以便能赶上火车。

（五）条件状语从句1．if 和unlessif 表示正面的条件，意为“如果”，unless表示反向的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。

例如：If you’ve got exams tomorrow, why aren’t you studying？如果你明天有考试，你为什么不学习？The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.运动会明天将要开始，除非下雨。

【专家提醒】条件状语从句中常用一般时表示将要发生的动作。

2. providing, provided (that), supposing, suppose (that), as long as, so long as, on condition that 和in case这些连词(词组)意思相近，有“如果，只要，假如，假使，在……条件下”等意思。

例如：All living things respire as long as they live.所有的生物只要他们活着都要呼吸。

Supposing (that) you fail a second time, don’t get disappointed, but try again.假如你又一次失败了，不要泄气，再试一次。

On condition that the liquid is cooled still further, it will turn to a solid.如果液体进一步冷却的话，会变成固体。

3．only if和if onlyonly if 引导的从句用陈述语气，意为“只要”；if only引导的从句要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿……”，“要是……就好了”。

例如：only if you have persistence, can you achieve great success.惟有你坚持下去，你才能成功。

If only I had wings, I would be able to travel around the world easily.如果我有翅膀，我就能够轻松地环游地球了。

（六）结果状语从句结果状语从句由such…that, so…that, so that, that 引导1. such… that 的常用句型such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch +形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that注意so many （much, few, little）+名词，such a lot of （或lots of）+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。

She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her.They were such beautiful flower that we bought home.It was such delicious food that they ate it up.2. so+形容词或副词+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHe is so rich that he can buy lot of things for himself.It was so hot a day that we all went swimming.It was such a good day that we all went swimming.3. so that, that都可以引导结果状语从句He didn’t study hard, （so）that he failed the exam.4. too…to, enough…to 可以引导结果状语从句与so…that 替换，so…that结构可以用too…to替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can（could）not.She is so young that she can’t go to school.She is too young to go to school.She isn’t old enough to go to school.（七）让步状语从句1．让步状语从句可由although，though，as，while，even if(though)，whatever，whether...or...，no matter who (when，what...)等引导。