山大网络教育英语三(1)

SHANDONG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE ENGLISH TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJORS OF CONTINUING EDUCATIONI. Vocabulary and StructureThere are 30 questions in this section. For each of the questions, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best answers the question.1. Her _________ of the truth kept her from going deeper into the affair.A. informationB. recognitionC. deceptionD. knowledge2. The tailor told him that his ________ will be kept for future use.A. judgmentB. governmentC. deploymentD. measurement3. People’s ________ about the loud noise there forced the government to close that factory.A. struggleB. complaintC. hatredD. irritation4. His parents didn’t consent to his ______ with Mary.A. marriageB. dependenceC. relianceD. charge5. There is no limit to the ______ of knowledge.A. lookB. consumptionC. employD. pursuit6. His _________ led to his final failure.A. ignoranceB. informationC. achievementD. knowledge7. The mankind has done many __________ things to nature in its course of civilization.A. destructiveB. instructiveC. progressiveD. sensitive8. Plants raised in greenhouses are tended methodically in an attempt to create the best possible conditions for their growth.A. systematicallyB. naturallyC. personallyD. lovingly9. Some botanists fear that the worldwide transfer of plant species is threatening the Earth’s biological diversity.A. accidentalB. rapidC. illegalD. global10. The type and degree of molecular motion of a substance depend on the amount of thermal energy present.A. are determined byB. limitC. radiateD. are supported by11. The young, especially, have no _________ about hot weather.A. complaintB. irritationC. troubleD. doubt12. In summer, motoring can be anything but a _________.A. impressionB. pleasureC. pressureD. expression13. He compared the girl a flower.A. toB. withC. inD. for14. In spite of the problem, the engineers are going to carry on the project.A. withB. forC. inD. at15. I’ve had enough this weather.A. atB. withC. ofD. from16. She added that if he had telephoned her before lunch, she ____ ____ the book there.A. tookB. would have takenC. would takeD. would be taking17. Some hotel staff speak _________ English.A. littleB. smallC. fewD. scarcely18. It’s no use ________ to get a bargain these days.A. to expectB. expectingC. looking forward toD. you expect19. We played the game _ _______ the rule.A. on account ofB. ahead ofC. according toD. apart from20. When I applied for my passport to be renewed, I had to send a ________ photograph.A. freshB. lateC. modernD. recent21. It is ____ ____ of him to send the letter to her parents.A. fertileB. absoluteC. absurdD. futile22. The ______ __ child begged all along the street without getting any food to eat.A. sufferedB. hungryC. angryD. starving23. _________ in social sciences is not so easy as that in physical sciences.A. MeasurementB. MethodC. ApproachD. Instrument24. Today we are acquiring earth __________ data from earth-orbiting satellites.A. noticeableB. watchingC. foreseeableD. observational25. She was deaf his request to do her work.A. ofB. toC. atD. on26. The tides vary the moon.A. atB. onC. withD. to27. The province of British Columbia offers visitors breathtaking views of the Canadian Rocky Mountains.A. distantB. intimateC. stunningD. high altitude28. Dry beans are very rich in proteins and carbohydrates and may be eaten as a substitute for meat.A. at the same time asB. mixed up withC. in place ofD. in addition to29. Permeable rocks have pores of sufficient size to permit water to pass through them.A. fluctuatingB. enlargedC. adequateD. perfect30. Shellfish give the deceptive appearance of enjoying a peaceful existence, although in fact life is a constant struggle for them.A. misleadingB. calmC. understandableD. initialII. ClozeThere are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passages.An important year in medical history (31) 1954. It was the year of the first successful kidney transplant. Richard Herrick was very ill (32) a serious kidney disease. His case seemed hopeless and his death was certain. However, Richard had an (33) twin brother named Ronald. Doctors thought that maybe one of Ronald’s kidneys would (34) for Richard, and (35) a person can live a healthy life with only one kidney, they decided to (36) the operation. A kidney was (37) from the healthy twin to the sick one, and then doctors waited to see if R ichard’s body would (38) or reject its new kidney. It was accepted and Richard was able to return to a normal healthy (39) .Another important (40) in medical history was 1967. It marked the first transplant of a (41) heart. Dr. Christian Barnard transplanted the heart of a girl who had been (42) in an automobile accident into the body of a middle-aged man with very serious heart disease. This first heart transplant was successful (43) only thirteen days; then the patient’s body reje cted its new heart and he died. (44) that time there have been many more heart transplants and some patients have lived for as long as two years. Scientists are now trying to (45) an artificial heart.Other new methods of helping (46) hearts have also been developed by Dr. Michael E. De Bakey, and now many lives are saved each year through new (47) of heart surgery.Many people are (48) today because of new procedures in (49) that can fix damaged internal parts of the body. Many more people may be able to live longer because of new discoveries that will be (50) in the next few years. Maybe you will be one of them.31. A. had been B. was C. is D. has been32. A. with B. on C. over D. of33. A. same B. similar C. identical D. identity34. A. perform B. develop C. live D. work35. A. until B. unless C. since D. after36. A. try B. attempt C. effort D. demand37. A. transformed B. transferred C. transplanted D. translated38. A. have B. receive C. call D. accept39. A. kidney B. life C. heart D. body40. A. day B. week C. month D. year41. A. man B. animal C. creature D. human42. A. injured B. killed C. wounded D. damaged43. A. for B. in C. during D. over44. A. After B. Until C. Since D. Before45. A. develop B. envelop C. initiate D. provide46. A. crashed B. wounded C. damaged D. destroyed47. A. teams B. kinds C. groups D. clusters48. A. alive B. su r vival C. existing D. remaining49. A. chemistry B. biology C. surgery D. physics50. A. created B. made C. built D. composedIII. Reading ComprehensionThere are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some True-False questions or Multiple-Choice questions. Choose among A, B, C, and D or between T and F to answer each question. Write the letter of your choice on your Answer Sheet.Passage 1The people who lived in Rome 2,000 years ago were already complaining about the noise in their city. They couldn’t sleep, they said, with all that traffic in the streets. For them, noise was merely a disturbance. For us it has become a real danger. We know that the sounds of an average city are loud enough to cause serious dam age to the inhabitants’ hearing—in the United States, one person out of twenty has suffered some hearing loss. And all over the world the situation is getting worse all the time, since noise increases with the population.Noise has also increased enormously in the 20th century with the development of machines. We live surrounded by loud planes, trucks, motorcycles, buses, electric tools, radios, pneumatic drills—that roar day and night up to 90 or 100 decibels. The decibel is the unit used to measure the loudness of sound. A normal conversation reaches 55 decibels, thunder roars at 70 decibels, a jet plane goes to 100 decibels and more, and an ordinary subway train, approaching the station, can be twice as loud as the loudest jet. The average discotheque reaches around 118 decibels. At 120 decibels the ear stops hearing sound, and pain starts.Unfortunately, the human ear does not judge clearly the degree of loudness of a noise. A sound ten decibels louder than another one is felt as twice as loud, when in fact it is ten times louder. Since we cannot measure the increase or decrease of noise, we never know to what danger we are exposed.But it is not only our hearing that is threatened. It has been established that loud noises, over a period of time, cause loss of sleep, anger, and many mental and physical problems. Such problems have been observed among factory workers, prisoners in large prisons, and people who drive heavy trucks, operate pneumatic drills, or go frequently to rock-and-roll concerts.Is there a solution? We do know how to build quieter machines, if the public wants them. But merchants point out that people who buy motorcycles, for instance, prefer the loudest ones because they sound more powerful. Some cities are trying to enforce more strictly their anti-noise laws. In Memphis automobilists are fined fifty dollars for honking; they may lose their right to drive if they do it again. People who carry noisy radios in public places may lose them if they are caught with them.Actually, it will take everybody’s efforts to keep city noises from increasing. Even so, say the experts, in twenty years the cities will be twice as loud as they are today because of the growth of the population. The inhabitants will have to shout to be heard at the dinner table. Unless, of course, they have all become completely deaf.51. For them, noise was merely a disturbance.A. onlyB. only … and nothing elseC. notD. not only52. …that roar day and night up to 90 or 100 decibels.A. as loud asB. louder thanC. higher thanD. go up53. It has been establi shed that loud noises, …, cause loss of sleep, anger and many….A. result fromB. resultC. becauseD. lead to54. We do know how they build quieter machines, if the public wants them.A. machines making people quieterB. calm machinesC. machines making less noiseD. silent machines55. Actually, it will take everybody’s efforts to keep city noises from increasing.A. go on increasingB. prevent…from increasingC. keep…increasingD. stop…o increasePassage 2In many respects international trade is no different from trade within a country. People who have more of a good than they want seek out other people who have something they lack. Through exchange, both parties attempt to make themselves better off. The complications of international trade arise because the two parties use different monies. An American who wants to buy a Japanese automobile cannot expect the Japanese manufacturer to accept U.S dollars in payment, unless by sheer coincidence the manufacturer happens at the time to want to buy a new computer from an American firm. Otherwise the auto manufacturer will be stuck with money that no tempura shop or geisha in Tokyo will accept; in Japan the dollars are useless.Of course, things are rarely as complicated as is suggested above. In both the United States and Japan there are banks that specialize in buying and selling foreign currencies. The sophisticated American would never offer dollars to the Japanese. Instead he would go to his bank and purchase Japanese yen with his dollars, then offer yen in payment for the car. Availability of yen would then make trade with Japan no more complicated than buying groceries at a neighborhood supermarket. But what is the price of yen? This question is more than slightly important. If yen are cheap—if many can be bought for a dollar—then buying Japanese goods will be attractive to Americans, and American goods will be expensive to Japanese buyers.The quantities of goods exchanged between two countries depend on complex forces. Even though unfettered trade might allow the world to consume more, each country is likely to be more concerned about employment and incomes at home than about economist’s assurances of the efficiency of trade. Both countries may therefore try to encourage e xports and discourage imports. Obviously, both countries cannot succeed at once.There is another side of the situation for many countries—the developing countries especially, but also small island nations, such as Japan and Great Britain. Their ability to import goods in the future may be as important as economic efficiency and full employment in the present. These countries depend on imports of spare parts, equipment, and raw material to keep their economies operating. Not to have the foreign exchange to buy a new bearing for a steam turbine, or oil, or fertilizer, when the need arises is a risk they simply cannot afford. For this reason, countries, even rich countries, try to keep reserves of foreign currencies around. Just as individuals keep savings to meet emergencies and to cover payments on the television if they are laid off, so do nations attempt to maintain hoards of foreign currencies to cover unexpected events.The price of any foreign currency expressed in the local currency (say, dollars) is thus a major issue. And it is closely tied to the need to maintain reserves and the desire to manage certain aspects of the domestic economy. Over the past two centuries, a number of international monetary systems have been set up to deal with these questions. All have proved inadequate. The interests of some countries inevitably conflict with the interests of others, and so the system collapses. But in spite of its limitations and faults, the international financial system is important to all of us.56. Through exchange, both parties attempt to make themselves better off.A. a gathering of people for food and amusementB. an association of people having the same political aimsC. a group of people doing something togetherD. one of the people o r sides i n an agreement or argumen t57. Just as …and to cover payments on the television if they are laid off,….A. put asideB. bought without fully being paid forC. stoppedD. dismissed temporaril y58. …, so do nations attempt to maintain hoards of foreig n currencies to cover unexpected events.A. to includeB. to spread overC. to protectD. to be enough money for59. The price of any foreign currency expressed in the local currency…A. shown in some other wayB. shown in wordsC. sent by expressD. pressed out of something60. The price of any foreign currency … is thus a major issue.A. exampleB. resultC. something printedD. a matter of concernPassage 3In Japan’s capital city of Tokyo, earthquake danger limits the height of buildings. Th e city has spread out so far and the traffic has become so heavy that it is very difficult to get from one place to another. The price of land, too, has skyrocketed. All this explains why a group of Japanese land developers came to the conclusion that there was nowhere to go but down. So far they have dug out space underground from fifteen major shopping centers, and the underground construction has only begun.What are some of the advantages of shopping and eating underground? Clean, filtered air is one of them. The city of Tokyo has one of the most serious smog problems in the world. Another advantage is that you escape the ever-present threat of traffic accidents on the city’s busy streets. Still another is the convenience of getting around: You’re usuall y right next to, or even in, a subway station. And you can even spend the night underground if you like. The Kyobashi Station, for example, in downtown Tokyo, has a hotel with a bar, restaurant, and barbershop.All sorts of surprises can be found in the underground world. At the enormous Shinjuku Subway Station you arrive at a scarce item in Tokyo—a parking lot—and you find stores and shops a few steps away. In the second basement of the Toshiba Building is a “Fisherman’s Wharf” crowded with pleasant little seafood places. A tunnel that connects the Hibiya and Sanshin Buildings has a number of art galleries, as well as medical and dental clinics. In between are little coffee shops where you can relax and get refreshments.Probably the most versatile of the underground wonders, and certainly the most complicated to build, is the Yaesu Subcenter at the heart of the city, where four subway lines link up. Its shopping area, which is the size of three football fields, contains 350 stores. In Yaesu you can eat in a different place every day for three months. You can draw money out of a bank and invest it at a stockbroker’s office. There are tailors, watch repairers, furriers, florists, and book sellers. And you can ev en get arrested by a police officer from the Yaesu police station!Under all the commercial activity is a parking lot for 520 cars. And under that is a control center where TV monitors watch the devices that watch the air—its temperature, moisture, and purity. There is no alarm for earthquakes, which are common in Tokyo, but the experts feel that there would be fewer problems underground than on the surface in case of an earthquake. Yaesu also has emergency generators for power and a chemical system for fighting fire.Underground construction can be complex and expensive. At times, the Yaesu crews could work only three hours a day because their activities interfered with the running of the subway. Then there was the problem caused by finding unidentified water and gas pipes. Since many of the municipal blueprints of pipe systems were destroyed during World War II, strange pipes kept turning up; and work had to be stopped while they were identified and taken care of by detour or replacement.There was also some resistance from the people above ground. A good many neighborhood shopkeepers began to picket the project crying, “Underground is for moles.” They reasoned that they would lose a lot of their business to the underground competition. The Yaesu people countered by offering them a chance to buy stock in the project. There were a lot of takers, and this had the effect of quieting the complainers.The Yaesu builders wanted to go deeper, but after they had spent 31 million dollars, they ran out of money. Still, there seems to be little doubt that there will be further development down under. In a city like Tokyo, almost the only space left is underground.61. What are some advantages of shopping and eating underground?A. benefitB. gainC. favorableD. profit62. You’re usually right next to, or even in, a subway station.A. almostB. nearC. nearlyD. nearby63. In the second basement of…is a “Fisherman’s Wharf” crowded with pleasant little seafood places.A. friendlyB. cheerfulC. gladD. cheering64. And under that is…where TV monitors watch the devices that watch the air—its temperature, ….A. instrumentB. methodC. signD. plan65. …, strange pipes kept turning up;….A. arrivingB. appearingC. findingD. happeningPassage 4When the space shuttle blasts off on its first working mission in the early 1980s, the payload it will haul into orbit will be the first of an unusual type of all-purpose carryall, called Spacelab, designed to take many kinds of specialists and equipment beyond the earth. It will be available for hire, a sort of U-FLY-IT laboratory.Unlike a satellite built for a single job, Spacelab can be fitted out as the occasion demands for everything from observing X-rays from distant stars to growing enzymes in zero gravity. Unlike Apollo vehicles, which were good for one trip each, this Spacelab is designed to be used again and again, perhaps 50 times. Unlike earlier space ships, manned by specialized astronauts, Spacelab will have as crews scientists and technicians with just a few weeks’ training in handling the gear they are to operate in the craft.The versatility of Spacelab lies in its flexible design. A space-age adaptation of the “containerized” cargo units used on trailer trucks, railroad flatcars and ships, it consists of two different types of cargo containers that fit into a 60-foot-long enclosed “payload bay”. The bay can hold one or two enclosed modules, each 8.5 feet long and 13 feet in diameter and pressurized so th at it provides an interior environment comfortable enough for as many as four technicians to work inside. Or the bay can be filled with up to five open “pallets,” platforms that are not pressurized for human occupancy but are meant simply to support automatic equipment. Most often, of course, Spacelab will carry both types of containers—a module for scientists doing laboratory work along with open pallets for automatic instruments exposed to the void of space.A majority of the tests planned inside a gravity-free laboratory involve the processing of materials in space—glass, crystal and metal. The equipment for this work includes a small furnace capable of generating temperatures as high as 2,400℃. With it, scientists hope to determine whether molten metals can be blended into exotic alloys more readily and uniformly outside earth’s gravity, which pulls heavier elements to the bottom of a crucible. Conventional crucibles, which impose their shape on melted material, will not be needed in space. The melt will float freely inside the gravity-free furnace.Many investigations will concentrate on the solar system. One experiment, using special fluids and electrical forces, will simulate the atmosphere of Jupiter, Saturn and the sun to try to understand what makes their cloud and gas patterns behave the way they do. Among biological experiments planned is one to study the effects of weightlessness on human tissue, such as components of blood samples taken from technicians working in the Spacelab. Some scientists have designed a test to see how zero gravity affects the daily growth patterns of plants. If such experiments go as well as anticipated, scientists the world over will find opening up for them a completely new era of research.66. Spacelab is designed to take many kinds of specialists and equipment beyond the earth. T67. Spacelab can only be used for one trip. F68. Spacelab is adapted from the “containerized” cargo units used on trailer trucks, railroad flatcars and ships.T69. The earth’s gravity will influence the making of alloys.T70. Plants will not grow without gravity F.IV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.71. The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down and replaced by office buildings我过去住过的街上房子已经拆掉，取而代之的是写字楼。