大英4(翻译)

合集下载

宁波大学2019大英4背诵篇目及翻译

5 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。

学生的确本应该能够区分诸如their/there/they're之间的不同，或区别complimentary 跟complementary之间显而易见的差异。

由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他们应该学得更好。

There are many different stories about the downturn() in the proper use of English.Surely students should be able to distinguish between their/there/they're or the distinctive(独特的) difference between complimentary and complementary. They unfairly bear the bulk of the criticism(批评) for these knowledge deficits(缺陷) because there is a sense that they should know better.6 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。

举例来说，杂货店的指示牌会把他们引向stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的stationery（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。

朋友和亲人常宣称They've just ate。

实际上，他们应该说They've just eaten。

因此，批评学生不合乎情理。

Students are not dumb,but they are being misled everywhere they look and listen.For example, signs in grocery stores point them to the stationary,even though the actual stationery items-pads,albums and notebooks-are not nailed down.Friends and loved ones often proclaim(宣称) they have just ate when,in fact, they have just eaten. Therefore, it does not make any sense to criticize our students.7 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。

大英重点段落翻译

Unit6Para3:Besidesworking to improve building structures, people in areas where earthquakes are common need to prepare for the possibility of a great earthquake. They should regularly check and reinforce their homes, place heavy objects in low positions, attach cupboardsandcabinetstowalls, and fastendoors so that they will not open accidentallyduring an earthquake.Para3:除了设法改善建筑结构外,地震频发区的人们也需要为可能发生的大地震做好防备工作。

他们应当定期检查和加固房屋,将重物放在低处,将橱柜和柜子贴墙放置,加固房门以防地震时意外脱开。

Para4:In addition to preparing their houses, people in these regionsneed to prepare themselves. They should have supplies of water and food at home and at work. It is best to store several gallonsof water per person. It is also important to have something that can clean water and kill bacteria, so water from other sources can be made safe to drink. Store one week's food for each person. Earthquake survival supplies include a radio receiver, a torch, extra batteries, first aidsupplies, a spade, a tent, some rope, and warm clothing. Experts also suggest the following:Para4:除做好房屋的防震外,这些地区的人们还需要为自身做些防备。

全新版大英综合教程3课文原文及翻译

unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。

许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。

很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。

或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。

但他写道，自己并不后悔，对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。

Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country. 多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。

大英四级段落翻译题集

大学英语四级改革新题型段落翻译题Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)(原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。

翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。

四级长度为140-160个汉字。

)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。

例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。

那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。

中秋节是观赏满月的日子。

圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。

因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。

春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year‟s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。

参考答案Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year‟s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the new year cake.难点精析■ 1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。

全新版大英综合教程1课文对照翻译

全新版大学英语综合教程1课文对照翻译- 1 -Unit 1 Growing UPPart Text ⅡA Writing for MyselfWhen we are writing we are often told to keep our readers in mind, to shape what we say to fittheir tastes and interests. But there is one reader in particular who should not be forgotten. Can youguess who? Russell Baker surprised himself and everyone else when he discovered the answer.我们写作时常常被告诫，脑子里要有读者，笔者所云一定要符合读者的口味和兴趣。

但有一位读者特别不该忘记。

你能猜出是谁吗？当拉塞尔·贝克找到这个问题的答案时，他自己和别人都感到大为惊讶。

Writing for MyselfRussell Baker1 The idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood in Belleville, butit wasn't until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. Until then I've beenbored by everything associated with English courses. I found English grammar dull and difficult. Ihated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to readand for me to write.为自己而写拉塞尔·贝克从孩提时代，我还住在贝尔维尔时，我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头，但直等到我高中三年级，这一想法才有了实现的可能。

英语国家社会与文化第四版上册课文Unit4翻译

英语国家社会与文化第四版上册课文Unit4翻译伦敦是一座充满反差的城市，历史和传统悠久，但始终处于当代时尚和思想的前沿。

景点不胜枚举，但包括威斯敏斯特大教堂、白金汉宫和伦敦塔等世界著名景点。

在特拉法加广场漫步，在牛津街购物，千万不要错过最新的热门之旅——伦敦眼——一个巨大的摩天轮，可以俯瞰壮丽的景色。

对于那些喜欢戏剧的人来说，伦敦西区有大量精选的戏剧和演出。

对于博物馆迷来说，大英博物馆和科学博物馆是世界上最好的博物馆之一。

泰特美术馆和国家美术馆收藏了一些世界上最伟大的艺术作品。

有关伦敦附近游客目的地的信息，请访问英国母国、东安格利亚和英格兰中部的WorldWeb旅行指南。

威斯敏斯特大教堂威斯敏斯特大教堂可追溯到1045年，当时由爱德华一世国王建造。

今天，它仍然是一个经常礼拜的地方，也是许多王室庆祝和抱怨的场所。

国王和其他庄严的人物埋葬在这里。

它占地32000平方英尺，是一个建筑奇迹。

教堂使用的钟可以追溯到13世纪和16世纪。

白金汉宫白金汉宫是英国女王在伦敦的官邸，也是世界上最知名的建筑之一。

它装饰和装饰着艺术作品，这些作品是皇家收藏的一部分，皇家收藏是世界上主要的艺术收藏之一。

宫殿的部分区域定期向游客开放。

游客可以参观女王接待和款待客人的一些国务室。

国务室里有一些皇家收藏中最好的物品和令人叹为观止的法国家具。

客人还可以探索宫殿内的一些公寓。

塔桥于1885年开始建造，9年后开放。

这是伦敦唯一一座可以升高的桥。

桥内有塔桥体验，这解释了这座桥100年的历史。

伦敦塔景点。

白塔始建于1078年，是后来成为伦敦塔的第一座建筑。

官方名称是“女王陛下的皇宫和要塞——伦敦塔”。

随着时间的推移，原始结构中添加了一些内容。

一些额外的塔楼包括皇冠珠宝，圣。

托马斯之塔、盐塔以及更多。

威斯敏斯特宫外的钟楼通常被称为大本钟。

关于大本钟，大多数人不知道的是，真正的大本钟实际上是塔内的钟，而不是塔楼本身。

威斯敏斯特宫包括议会大厦。

新视野大英3(4,5,6课原文加翻译)

Unit 4The Statue of Liberty <B>自由女神像</B>In the mid-1870s, French artist Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was working on an enormous project called Liberty Enlightening the World, a monument celebrating US independence and the France-America alliance.19世纪70年代中期，法国艺术家弗里德里克·奥古斯特·巴托尔迪正在设计一个大项目，名为“自由照耀世界”。

这是一座庆祝美国独立和美法联盟的纪念碑。

At the same time, he was in love with a woman whom he had met in Canada.与此同时，他爱上了一位他在加拿大认识的女子。

His mother could not approve of her son's affection for a woman she had never met, but Bartholdi went ahead and married his love in 1876.他母亲不赞成自己的儿子和一个她没有见过的女子恋爱，然而巴托尔迪不为所动，和心中所爱于1876年结为伉俪。

That same year Bartholdi had assembled the statue's right arm and torch, and displayed them in Philadelphia.同年，巴托尔迪组装完雕像的右臂和火炬，并将它们陈列在费城。

It is said that he had used his wife's arm as the model, but felt her face was too beautiful for the statue.据说，他用了妻子的手臂为模本，但觉得她的脸太漂亮，不适合做雕像模本。

西北民族大学大学作文考试题目)

大学英语(写作)整体教学与考试计划申请书教务处:现将2013/2014级大学英语写作教学与考试计划申请如下: 根据学校教学工作总体安排，大学英语写作考试将于十五周周末进行。

本次教学检查活动涉及：2013级（大英3）、2014级（大英1）两个级别。

考查方式：笔试。

组题方案：2013级A、B、C、D类写作以作文形式考查；E 类以课文及课后练习翻译形式考查。

2014级A、B、C类写作以作文形式考查，D类课文及课后练习翻译考查，E类以课文及课后练习翻译形式考查。

注：每阶段考核应包括前阶段试题任务的总合，如：大英3应包括大英1、2、3的全部作文任务。

经过教务处审定，现将大英1、2、3、4作文题目修正如下：大英1：A级作文题目五选一：1.Development and Environment（大英1）puter and Education. （大英1）3.Negative Effects of Television（大英1）4.The Importance of Physical Exercises（大英1）5.Health is Better Than Wealth（大英1）B级作文题目五选一：1.Development and Environment（大英1）puter and Education. （大英1）3.Negative Effects of Television（大英1）4.The Importance of Physical Exercises（大英1）5.Health is Better Than Wealth（大英1）C级作文题目五选一：1.College Friendship（大英1）2.My Information Sources（大英1）3.My working experience（大英1）4．How To Learn English（大英1）5.My free time activities（大英1）2013级D、E级：课文或课后练习翻译。

大英精读3课文翻译(Unit 1~Unit 6)

译文Unit 1一个青年发现，在大街上毫无明显目的地游逛会招致警方的责罚。

误会一个接一个发生，最终他只得出庭受审……与警察的一场小冲突我平生只有一次跟警方发生纠葛。

被捕和出庭的整个过程在当时是一件非常不愉快的事，但现在倒成了一篇很好的故事。

这次经历令人可恼之处在于围绕着我的被捕以及随后庭上审讯而出现的种种武断专横的情况。

事情发生在大约12年前，其时正是2月。

几个月前我中学毕业了，但上大学要等到10月。

当时我还在家中居住。

一天早晨，我来到里士满。

这里是伦敦的一个郊区，离我住的地方不远。

我在寻找一份临时工作，以便积些钱去旅游。

由于天气晴朗，当时又无急事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。

有时干脆停下脚步，四处张望。

现在看来，一定是这种明显的毫无目的的游逛，使我倒了霉。

事情发生在11点半钟光景。

我在当地图书馆谋职未成，刚刚走出来，便看到一个人穿越马路，显然是要来跟我说话。

我以为他要问我时间，不料他说他是警官，要逮捕我。

起先我还以为这是在开玩笑，但又一个警察出现在我的面前，这次是位身着警服的，这一下使我确信无疑了。

“为什么要抓我?”我问道。

“到处游荡，企图作案，”他说。

“作什么案?”我又问。

“偷窃，”他说。

“偷什么?”我追问。

“牛奶瓶，”他板着面孔说道。

“噢，”我说。

事情原来是这样的，在这一地区多次发生小的扒窃案，特别是从门前台阶上偷走牛奶。

接着，我犯了一个大错误。

其时我年方19，留一头蓬乱的长发，自认为是60年代“青年反主流文化”的一员。

所以我想装出一副冷漠的、对这一事件满不在乎的样子。

于是我尽量用一种漫不经心的极其随便的腔调说，“你们跟踪我多久啦?”这样一来，在他们眼里，我就像是非常熟悉这一套的了，也使他们更加确信我是一个地地道道的坏蛋。

几分钟后，开来了一辆警车。

“坐到后面去，”他们说。

“把手放到前排座位的靠背上，不准挪动。

”他们分别坐在我的两边。

这可再也不是闹着玩的了。

在警察局，他们审讯了我好几个小时。

英译汉教程Unit_4_conversion_课后习题答案

Unit 4 Conversion（转换法）Drills 4.1.1a.16. 绝不允许违反这个规则。

17．我无意让这件事是你厌烦。

18．激光视近年来最为轰动的成就之一，因为激光可以应用于许多科学领域，也适合于各种实际用途。

19．关切保护公共财物，应不限于仅防止盗窃与破坏。

20．我们反对一切侵略战争。

21．屠杀共和党人的事件，以及随之颁布的取缔报刊和结社权利的九月法令，都是他一手干出来的。

22．难怪老一辈的许多人见了这个就会想起三十六年前的往事。

23．必须明确承认国与国之间平等的原则。

24．这一发现开创了空气静力学这一门学科。

25．这样的岩石最适宜储存地下水。

26．这家商店有多种鞋帽可供选购。

27．总统竭力主张大大扩大导弹和空间计划。

28．要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。

29．两位领导人就中美关系和国际事务认真、坦率地交换了意见。

30．海洋法条约的谈判，经过六年的审议，实际上已与上周结束了。

31．演讲者号召人们打到帝国主义，消灭人剥削人的制度，解放中国和受压迫者。

32．从事诸如武装进攻、海上封锁和向武装恐怖分子集团提供援助之类的行动，都被认为是一种侵略。

33．第三代电子电路是沿着晶体管的发展趋势发展起来的。

34．本文结尾讨论了使用数学力学模型来研究地质构造成因的重要性。

35．这个王宫综合了不同时期的不同建筑风格。

36．这表示承认你个人的资格及贵国为国际合作所做的贡献。

37．每个国家需要什么来保卫自己的安全，只有它自己才能做出做好的决定。

38．人群一看见贵宾的车队，就关乎起来了。

39．要交流世界各国文化，就必须学习外语。

40．使用原子武器显然违反国际法。

41．他们慢慢地顺着北冰洋沿岸航行，一路仔细观察。

42．该国再三企图把这条原则说成是宣传花招。

43．晶体管是最近才发展起来的。

44．我们只有充分发挥人的主动性，才能更好地利用机器来改造自然。

Drills 4.1.1 b(1)加注S（主）或O（宾）并翻译。

大英课后翻译及练习答案

Unit1课文翻译本文是苹果计算机公司和皮克斯动画工作室的首席执行官史蒂夫·乔布斯于2005年6月12日在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲稿。

1 今天，我很荣幸能来到这所世界顶尖大学参加你们的毕业典礼。

我大学没有毕业。

说实话，现在是我最接近大学毕业的时刻。

我在里德学院读了6个月就退学了，但是作为旁听生又在那里待了18个月左右，然后才真正离开学校。

那么我为什么要退学呢？2 这要从我还没有出生的时候说起。

我的生母是个年轻未婚的研究生，因此她决定把我送给别人收养。

她觉得我必须由有大学学历的人收养。

于是，她安排好了一切，只要我一出生，就把我交给一位律师和他的妻子收养。

但是我出生之后，他们在最后一刻决定他们还是想要一个女孩。

当时我父母还在候补名单上，一天半夜他们接到一个电话，问他们：“有个新生儿，是意外怀上的，是个男孩，你们要吗？”他们回答：“当然要。

”但是，我的生母随后发现我母亲大学没有毕业，我父亲甚至连高中也没毕业，因此拒绝在最后几份领养文件上签字。

直到几个月后，我父母承诺将来一定让我上大学，她才同意了。

这就是我生命的开始。

3 17年后，我确实上了大学。

但是出于无知，我选了一所几乎与斯坦福一样昂贵的学校，因此，工薪阶层的父母把所有积蓄都花在了我的学费上。

6个月过去了，我看不到其中的价值所在。

我不知道我的人生定位，也不知道大学将如何帮我找到答案，而我正在这里耗尽父母一生的积蓄。

所以我决定退学，并相信一切都会顺利。

这在当时看来非常可怕，但现在回头看看，那是我做过的最棒的决定之一。

从退学的那一刻起，我就不用再上那些不感兴趣的必修课，而开始去学那些看上去更有意思的课程。

但一切也不全是这么美妙。

我没有自己的宿舍，只有在朋友的房间里打地铺；我拣可乐瓶子，把退来的5美分押金攒起来去买吃的；而到了每个周日晚上，我都会步行7英里，穿过城镇去克利须那觉悟会的庙宇饱餐一顿。

我喜欢这样。

我依照好奇心和直觉做事，大多事后证明是非常值得的。

全新版__大学英语_快速阅读4__文章翻译

Unit 1Alone in the Arctic Cold 一个人在北极严寒一天打碎了非常寒冷和灰色,当那个人偏离主要育空试验和爬上斜坡,在那里的是一个朦胧而过去向东穿过了踪迹松林之间。

坡率陡峭,而且他停顿了一下喘不过气来保持最佳的状态。

没有太阳和缕阳光,尽管他天空无云。

这是一个晴朗的日子,但在那里似乎是一个蒙上了一层水汽表面看来,把这天黑暗。

这个事实不担心那个人。

他被用来缺乏阳光。

那人回头而且他已经来了。

育空河打下英里宽藏起来了以下3英尺的冰。

这个世界上的冰一样多英尺的积雪。

这是连续的白色的,除了一个黑暗的发际线了痕迹,向南延伸达500英里去的库特关口。

但是,整个神秘,深远的发际线跟踪,没有太阳从天空,巨大的冷的,陌生和怪异的没有什么印象all-made上了的人。

他是新来的人在这地,这是他的第一个冬天。

他的问题他是缺乏想象力。

他很快和警惕在生活的一切,但只有在去吧,而不是在意义。

意思eighty-odd零下五十度学位霜。

这样的事实了冷漠,而且不舒服,就这些。

它并不带他去思考男人的一般是脆弱,能够只活在确定的限度窄的热量和冷。

零下五度代表点冰霜伤害必须提防,利用厚,暖和的衣服。

50度以下零是他就精确50度零度以下。

应该有其他东西了可那是一个思想,从来没有进过他的头上。

当他转身要走,他吐不确定。

就有一个陡坡、易爆裂纹他的震惊。

他吐了。

又一次,空气里之前,这可能下降至雪吐口唾沫裂了。

他知道五十岁的唾沫在雪地上闪现下面,但这吐口唾沫空气中闪现了。

毫无疑问这个五十个更加寒冷below-how要冷得多了不知道。

但是温度还显得无关紧要。

他注定的老我的左边叉子汉德森的孩子们在小溪了。

他们来了在山上从印度人小河的国家,虽然他来拐弯抹角看一看的可能性走出木材来源于群岛的育空。

他要在六营地点,有点天黑之后,这是真的,但男孩们会去,火灾的去,和热晚饭将为此做好准备。

他陷入水中在大松树。

踪迹减弱了。

他很高兴他没有雪橇、旅游的光。

大英四1到6翻译完整版(带重点)

1) 多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。

（be engaged in doing sth.）Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2) 我们不能低估敌人，他们装备了最先进的武器。

(underestimate, equip)We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3) 菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了，正变得越来越绝望。

(desperate)Having been out of a job / Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate .4) 作为项目经理，山姆办事果断，工作效率高，且判断准确。

（efficient, decisive）Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgement.5) 既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源，村委会（village neighborhood committee）决定将其关闭，为此损失了一百个工作岗位。

（at the cost of）Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of pollution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.Unit21.空气中有一种不寻常的寂静，只有远处响着大炮的声音。

新标准大学英语系列教材第二版快速阅读4翻译

U11无2在佛罗伦萨这个城市里，吃的、睡的、和呼吸的都是艺术。

人类艺术天赋的典范几乎矗立在每一条街上，成打的博物馆和美工艺品店等待着您去探索。

意大利的佛罗伦萨是艺术爱好者的天堂。

在文艺复兴时期（或称艺术重生时期），佛罗伦萨对艺术家们本身就是个天堂，事实上在五百多年前，文艺复兴就在这儿发迹了。

在这之前，艺术作品完全集中在宗教主题上，而文艺复兴时期的艺术则包含更多变化的风貌，艺术家们描绘一般人物的画像，也绘画希腊罗马神话中的历史和人物。

米开朗基罗是佛罗伦萨艺术家中的佼佼者。

游客们在阿卡得米亚博物馆前大排长龙达好几个钟头之久，为了一睹他感人的大作「大卫像」的丰采，这一尊十四英尺高的雕像已经成为文艺复兴时期最完美的一尊人物塑像，「大卫像」是一种典范，表现出米开朗基罗雕塑人像简洁而有力的风格。

在维琪奥宫可以看到更多米开朗基罗的作品，这栋建筑在1299年至1322年曾是佛罗伦萨政府的所在地。

著名意大利艺术家的画作和雕刻作品，摆满了宫中的各厅室。

米开朗基罗也协助装饰其外观，他在宫墙上雕刻头像，有一个传说提到，为了跟人打赌，米开朗基罗背对着墙，两手背在后面雕刻头像。

离维琪奥宫不远的地方座落着翡冷翠教堂广场。

华丽圆顶的翡冷翠教堂，或称「神的殿堂」，花了将近150年才建造完工（1294-1436），并由当时最著名的工程师设计而成。

今日的游客仍惊叹于这个圆顶，它是教堂中最引人注目像皇冠似的一景。

时至今日，在佛罗伦萨没有任何一栋建筑高过这个圆顶的。

教堂文物博物馆耸立于附近，这栋建筑曾经是那些为此座教堂定制艺术品的人的办公室，今天它收藏了过去装饰教堂外观的雕像。

稍作散步一番走过佛罗伦萨狭窄的小巷，游客将来到著名的乌菲齐美术馆。

这栋建筑建于1560年间，当年是作为办公之用（乌菲齐在意大利语中是办公室的意思）。

今日，它则以其出色的艺术收藏而自豪，游客们一定得穿着舒适的鞋子去参观，因为要一探这个美术馆得花好几个小时的时间。

收藏中一些著名的作品包括有波提切利的「春」和「维也纳的诞生」。

大英四课文翻译

新视野第四册课文翻译分享首次分享者：希望~情情已被分享9次评论(1)复制链接分享转载举报第一单元艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。

成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。

对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。

追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。

尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。

享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。

成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。

为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。

他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。

他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。

尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。

若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。

公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。

有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。

公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。

知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。

同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。

他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。

名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。

骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。

它让你失去自我。

你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。

大英四综合教程第三版课文翻译

大英四综合教程第三版课文翻译1.Passage AReference Translation网络版权执法——赚钱之道丹佛——布莱恩•希尔，一位北卡罗来纳州20岁的博主，去年12月在他自己的博客上发布了一张机场保安人员搜身的照片，没想到由此引来了一场法律战。

一个月后，希尔先生收到一封电子邮件，发件人是《拉斯维加斯太阳报》的一位记者，他正在调查一家专为报社代理版权诉讼的内华达公司。

电子邮件通知希尔先生，他也是公司起诉的对象之一。

尽管那张机场照片在希尔先生从网上撤下之前就早已在网上疯传，但这张照片却是《丹佛邮报》11月18日首次刊发的。

希尔先生撤下了照片，但为时已晚。

法院的传票送到了他的家里。

该诉讼要求法律赔偿。

尽管没有提出赔偿的具体数字，但希尔先生被控“故意”侵权，根据联邦版权法，在这种情况下诉讼方可获得高达15 000美元的赔偿。

“我很震惊，”希尔先生说。

“我想，也许这是一个玩笑或者只是用来吓唬我的。

我真不知道那张照片是受版权保护的。

”在过去一年，各大报纸一直在想方设法保护它们投放在网上的信息内容。

司在科罗拉多和内华达州针对未经《丹佛邮报》或《拉斯维加斯评论期刊》的授权直接在网上转贴的资料所提起的类似的联邦诉讼就超过了200起。

旗下拥有《丹佛邮报》的新闻媒体集团的副总裁莎拉•格兰斯在一封电子邮件中说，搜身的照片已在300多个网站上转载使用，而这些网站均未注明照片版权属于《邮报》或其摄影师。

《评论期刊》的投资人兼斯蒂芬斯媒体的法律总顾问马克•西纽贝尔赞同格兰斯的观点，说剪贴文章就是“窃取我们所编辑材料的潜在读者和网络流量。

”然而，一些批评家却争辩说公司的做法过于严厉，他们希望在人们还没有搞清楚是否违反了联邦版权法之前就速战速决。

通常情况下，他们不会对当事人进行警示就提起诉讼。

公司很少预先发出通知，要求网站撤下不属于自己的信息资料，而是直接索要赔偿，并要求取消该网站域名。

根据一些对此类案件兴趣日益浓厚的互联网法律专家的观察，这种行径十分简单:公司搜寻在网络上转贴的报刊材料，通常是一篇文章、摘录或是一幅照片，再去获取版权，然后由公司就提起诉讼。

翻译作业

The Trouble with Geniuses-- Adapted from “OUTLIERS”"KNOWLEDGE OF A BOY'S IQ IS OF LITTLE HELP IF YOU ARE FACED WITH A FORMFUL OF CLEVER BOYS."1.In the fifth episode of the 2008 season, the American television quiz show 1vs. 100 had as its special guest a man named Christopher Langan.The television show 1 vs. 100 is one of many that sprang up in the wake of the phenomenal success of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. It features a permanent gallery of one hundred ordinary people who serve as what is called the "mob." Each week they match wits with a special invited guest. At stake is a million dollars. The guest has to be smart enough to answer more questions correctly than his or her one hundred adversaries—and by that standard, few have ever seemed as superbly qualified as Christopher Langan."Tonight the mob takes on their fiercest competition yet," the voice-over began. "Meet Chris Langan, who many call the smartest man in America." The camera did a slow pan of a stocky, muscular man in his fifties. "The average person has an IQ of one hundred," the voice-over continued. "Einstein one fifty. Chris has an IQ of one ninety-five. He's currently wrapping his big brain around a theory of the universe. But will his king-size cranium be enough to take down the mob for one million dollars? Find out right now on One versus One Hundred"Out strode Langan onto the stage amid wild applause."You don't think you need to have a high intellect to do well on One versus One Hundred, do you?" the show's host, Bob Saget, asked him. Saget looked at Langan oddly, as if he were some kind of laboratory specimen."Actually, I think it could be a hindrance," Langan replied. He had a deep, certain voice. "To have a high IQ, you tend to specialize, think deep thoughts. You avoid trivia. But now that I see these people"—he glanced at the mob, the amusement in his eyes betraying just how ridiculous he found the proceedings — "I think I'll do okay."Over the past decade, Chris Langan has achieved a strange kind of fame. He has become the public face of genius in American life, a celebrity outlier. He gets invited on news shows and profiled in magazines, and he has been the subject of a documentary by the filmmaker Errol Morris, all because of a brain that appears todefy description.The television news show 20/20 once hired a neuropsychologist to give Langan an IQ test, and Langan's score was literally off the charts—too high to be accurately measured. Another time, Langan took an IQ test specially designed for people too smart for ordinary IQ tests. He got all the questions right except one."" He was speaking at six months of age. When he was three, he would listen to the radio on Sundays as the announcer read the comics aloud, and he would follow along on his own until he had taught himself to read. At five, he began questioning his grandfather about the existence of God—and remembers being disappointed in the answers he got.In school, Langan could walk into a test in a foreign language class, not having studied at all, and if there were two or three minutes before the instructor arrived, he could skim through the textbook and ace the test. In his early teenage years, while working as a farmhand, he started to read widely in the area of theoretical physics. At sixteen, he made his way through Bertrand Russell and Alfred North Whitehead's famously abstruse masterpiece Principia Mathematica. He got a perfect score on his SAT, even though he fell asleep at one point during the test."He did math for an hour," his brother Mark says of Langan's summer routine in high school. "Then he did French for an hour. Then he studied Russian. Then he would read philosophy. He did that religiously, every day."Another of his brothers, Jeff, says, "You know, when Christopher was fourteen or fifteen, he would draw things just as a joke, and it would be like a photograph. When he was fifteen, he could match Jimi Hendrix lick for lick on a guitar. Boom. Boom. Boom. Half the time, Christopher didn't attend school at all. He would just show up for tests and there was nothing they could do about it. To us, it washilarious. He could brief a semester's worth of textbooks in two days, and take care of whatever he had to take care of, and then get back to whatever he was doing in the first place."On the set of / vs. zoo, Langan was poised and confident. His voice was deep. His eyes were small and fiercely bright. He did not circle about topics, searching for the right phrase, or double back to restate a previous sentence.For that matter, he did not say um, or ah, or use any form of conversational mitigation: his sentences came marching out, one after another, polished and crisp, like soldiers on a parade ground. Every question Saget threw at him, he tossed aside, as if it were a triviality. When his winnings reached $250,000, he appeared to make a mental calculation that the risks of losing everything were at that point greater than the potential benefits of staying in. Abruptly, he stopped. "I'll take the cash/' he said. He shook Saget's hand firmly and was finished—exiting on top as, we like to think,geniuses invariably do.2 .Just after the First World War, Lewis Terman, a young professor of psychology at Stanford University, met a remarkable boy named Henry Cowell. Cowell had been raised in poverty and chaos. Because he did not get along with other children, he had been unschooled since the age of seven. He worked as a janitor at a one-room schoolhouse not far from the Stanford campus, and throughout the day, Cowell would sneak away from his job and play the school piano. And the music he made was beautiful.Terman's specialty was intelligence testing; the standard IQ test that millions of people around the world would take during the following fifty years, theStanford-Binet, was his creation. So he decided to test CowelPs IQ. The boy must be intelligent, he reasoned, and sure enough, he was. He had an IQ of above 140, which is near genius level. Terman was fascinated. How many other diamonds in the rough were there? he wondered.He began to look for others. He found a girl who knew the alphabet at nineteen months, and another who was reading Dickens and Shakespeare by the time she was four. He found a young man who had been kicked out of law school because his professors did not believe that it was possible for a human being to precisely reproduce long passages of legal opinions from memory.In 1921, Terman decided to make the study of the gifted his life work. Armed with a large grant from the Commonwealth Foundation, he put together a team of fieldworkers and sent them out into California's elementary schools. Teachers were asked to nominate the brightest students in their classes. Those children were given an intelligence test. The students who scored in the top 10 percent were then given a second IQ test, and those who scored above 130 on that test were given a third IQ test, and from that set of results Terman selected the best and the brightest. By the time Terman was finished, he had sorted through the records of some 250,000 elementary and high school students, and identified 1,470 children whose IQs averaged over 140 and ranged as high as 200. That group of young geniuses came to be known as the "Termites," and they were the subjects of what would become one of the most famous psychological studies in history.For the rest of his life, Terman watched over his charges like a mother hen. They were tracked and tested, measured and analyzed. Their educational attainments were noted, marriages followed, illnesses tabulated, psychological health charted, and every promotion and job change dutifully recorded. Terman wrote his recruits letters of recommendation for jobs and graduate school applications. He doled out a constant stream of advice and counsel, all the time recording his findings in thick red volumes entitled Genetic Studies of Genius."There is nothing about an individual as important as his IQ, except possibly his morals," Terman once said. And it was to those with a very high IQ, he believed, that "we must look for production of leaders who advance science, art, government, education and social welfare generally." As his subjects grew older, Terman issued updates on their progress, chronicling their extraordinary achievements. "It is almost impossible," Terman wrote giddily, when his charges were in high school, "to read a newspaper account of any sort of competition or activity in which California boys and girls participate without finding among the winners the names of one or more... members of our gifted group." He took writing samples from some of his most artistically minded subjects and had literary critics compare them to the early writings of famous authors. They could find no difference. All the signs pointed, he said, to a group with the potential for "heroic stature." Terman believed that his Termites were destined to be the future elite of the United States.Today, many of Terman's ideas remain central to the way we think about success. Schools have programs for the "gifted." Elite universities often require that students take an intelligence test (such as the American Scholastic Aptitude Test) for admission. High-tech companies like Google or Microsoft carefully measure the cognitive abilities of prospective employees out of the same belief: they are convinced that those at the very top of the IQ scale have the greatest potential. (At Microsoft, famously, job applicants are asked a battery of questions designed to test their smarts, including the classic "Why are manhole covers round?" If you don't know the answer to that question, you're not smart enough to work at Microsoft.)If I had magical powers and offered to raise your IQ by 30 points, you'd say yes—right? You'd assume that would help you get further ahead in the world. And when we hear about someone like Chris Langan, our instinctive response is the same as Terman's instinctive response when he met Henry Cowell almost a century ago. We feel awe. Geniuses are the ultimate outliers. Surely there is nothing that can hold someone like that back.But is that true?So far in Outliers, we've seen that extraordinary achievement is less about talent than it is about opportunity. In this chapter, I want to try to dig deeper into why that's the case by looking at the outlier in its purest and most distilled form—the genius. For years, we've taken our cues from people like Terman when it comes to understanding the significance of high intelligence. But, as we shall see, Terman made an error. He was wrong about his Termites, and had he happened on the young Chris Langan working his way through Principia Mathematica at the age of sixteen, he would have been wrong about him for the same reason. Terman didn't understand what a real outlier was, and that's a mistake we continue to make to this day.One of the most widely used intelligence tests is something called Raven's Progressive Matrices. It requires no language skills or spécifie body of acquired knowledge. It's a measure of abstract reasoning skills. A typical Raven's test consists of forty-eight items, each one harder than the one before it, and IQ is calculated based on how many items are answered correctly.Over the years, an enormous amount of research has been done in an attempt to determine how a person's performance on an IQ test like the Raven's translates to real life success. People at the bottom of the scale—with an IQ below 70—are considered mentally disabled. A score of 100 is average; you probably need to be just above that mark to be able to handle college. To get into and succeed in a reasonably competitive graduate program, meanwhile, you probably need an IQ of at least 115. In general, the higher your score, the more education you'll get, the more money you're likely to make, and—believe it or not—the longer you'll live.But there's a catch. The relationship between success and IQ works only up to a point. Once someone has reached an IQ of somewhere around 120, having additional IQ points doesn't seem to translate into any measurable real-world advantage."It is amply proved that someone with an IQ of 170 is more likely to think well than someone whose IQ is 70," the British psychologist Liam Hudson has written, "and this holds true where the comparison is much closer—between IQs of, say, 100 and 130. But the relation seems to break down when one is making comparisons between two people both of whom have IQs which are relatively high....A mature scientist with an adult IQ of 130 is as likely to win a Nobel Prize as is one whose IQ is 180."What Hudson is saying is that IQ is a lot like height in basketball. Does someone who is five foot six have a realistic chance of playing professional basketball? Not really. You need to be at least six foot or six one to play at that level, and, all things being equal, it's probably better to be six two than six one, and better to be six three than six two. But past a certain point, height stops mattering so much. A player who is six foot eight is not automatically better than someone two inches shorter. (Michael Jordan, the greatest player ever, was six six after all.) A basketball player only has to be tall enough—and the same is true of intelligence. Intelligence has a threshold.The introduction to the 1vs. 100 episode pointed out that Einstein had an IQ of 150 and Langan has an IQ of 195. Langan's IQ is 30 percent higher than Einstein's. But that doesn't mean Langan is 30 percent smarter than Einstein. That's ridiculous. All we can say is that when it comes to thinking about really hard things like physics, they are both clearly smart enough.The idea that IQ has a threshold, I realize, goes against our intuition. We think that,say, Nobel Prize winners in science must have the highest IQ scores imaginable; that they must be the kinds of people who got perfect scores on their entrance examinations to college, won every scholar-ship available, and had such stellar academic records in high school that they were scooped up by the top universities in the country.But take a look at the list of where the last twenty-five Americans to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine got their undergraduate degrees, starting in 2007. No one would say that this list represents the collegechoices of the absolute best high school students in America. Yale and Columbia and MIT are on the list, but so are DePauw, Holy Cross, and Gettysburg College. It's a list of good schools.To be a Nobel Prize winner, apparently, you have to be smart enough to get into a college at least as good as Notre Dame or the University of Illinois. That's all.This is a radical idea, isn't it? Suppose that your teenage daughter found out that she had been accepted at two universities — Harvard University and Georgetown University, in Washington, DC. Where would you want her to go? I'm guessing Harvard, because Harvard is a "better" school. Its students score a good 10 to 15 percent higheron their entrance exams.But given what we are learning about intelligence, the idea that schools can be ranked, like runners in a race, makes no sense. Georgetown's students may not be as smart on an absolute scale as the students of Harvard. But they are all, clearly, smart enough, and future Nobel Prize winners come from schools like Georgetown as well as from schools like Harvard.The psychologist Barry Schwartz recently proposed that elite schools give up their complex admissions process and simply hold a lottery for everyone above the threshold. "Put people into two categories," Schwartz says. "Good enough and not good enough. The ones whoare good enough get put into a hat. And those who are not good enough get rejected." Schwartz concedes that his idea has virtually no chance of being accepted. But he's absolutely right. As Hudson writes (and keep in mind that he did his research at elite all-male English boarding schools in the 1950s and 1960s), "Knowledge of a boy's IQ is of little help if you are faced with a formful of clever boys."''Let me give you an example of the threshold effect in action. The University of Michigan law school, like many elite US educational institutions, uses a policy of affirmative action when it comes to applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds. Around 10 percent of the students Michigan enrolls each fall are members of racialminorities, and if the law school did not significantly relax its entry requirements for those students—admitting them with lower undergraduate grades and lower standardized-test scores than everyone else—it estimates that percentage would be less than 3 percent. Furthermore, if we compare the grades that the minority and nonminority students get in law school, we see that the white students do better. That's not surprising: if one group has higher undergraduategrades and test scores than the other, it's almost certainly going to have higher grades in law school as well. This is one reason that affirmative action programs are so controversial. In fact, an attack on the University of Michigan's affirmative action program recently went all the way to the US Supreme Court. For many people it is troubling that an elite educational institution lets in students whoare less qualified than their peers.A few years ago, however, the University of Michigan decided to look closely at how the law school's minority students had fared after they graduated. How much money did they make? How far up in the profession did they go? How satisfied were they with their careers? What kind of social and community contributions did they make? What kind of honors had they won? They looked at everything that could conceivably be an indication of real-world success. And what they found surprised them."We knew that our minority students, a lot of them, were doing well," says Richard Lempert, one of the authors of the Michigan study. "I think our expectation was that we would find a half-or two-thirds- full glass, that they had not done as well as the white students but nonetheless a lot were quite successful. But we were completely surprised. We found that they were doing every bit as well. There was no place we saw any serious discrepancy."What Lempert is saying is that by the only measure that a law school really ought to care about—how well its graduates do in the real world—minority students aren't less qualified. They're just as successful as white students. And why? Because even though the academic credentials of minority students at Michigan aren't as good as those of white students, the quality of students at the law school is high enough that they're still above the threshold. They are smart enough. Knowledge of a law student's test scores is of little help if you are faced with a classroom of clever law students.4.Let's take the threshold idea one step further. If intelligence matters only up to a point, then past that point,other things—things that have nothing to do with intelligence—must start to matter more. It's like basketball again: once someone is tall enough, then we start to care about speed and court sense and agility and ballhandling skills and shooting touch.So, what might some of those other things be? Well, suppose that instead of measuring your IQ, I gave you a totally different kind of test.Write down as many different uses that you can thinkof for the following objects:1. a brick2. a blanketThis is an example of what's called a "divergence test" (as opposed to a test like the Raven's, which asks you to sort through a list of possibilities and converge on the right answer). It requires you to use your imagination and take your mind in as many different directions as possible. With a divergence test, obviously there isn't a single right answer. What the test giver is looking for are the number and the uniqueness of your responses. And what the test is measuring isn't analytical intelligence but something profoundly different—something much closer to creativity. Divergence tests are every bit as challenging as convergence tests, and if you don't believe that, I encourage you to pause and try the brick-and-blanket test right now.That's the second reason Nobel Prize winners come from Holy Cross as well as Harvard, because Harvard isn't selecting its students on the basis of how well they do on the "uses of a brick" test—and maybe "uses of a brick" is a better predictor of Nobel Prize ability. It's also the second reason Michigan Law School couldn't find a differencebetween its affirmative action graduates and the rest of its alumni. Being a successful lawyer is about a lot more than IQ. And just because Michigan's minority students have lower scores on convergence tests doesn't mean they don't have that other critical trait in abundance.。