2018年山东省潍坊市中考英语试卷

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(完整版)2018年潍坊市中考英语试卷及答案,推荐文档

2017年ft东省潍坊市初中学业水平考试英语试卷1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。

第Ⅰ卷75分，第Ⅱ卷45分，共120分，考试时间为120分钟：2.请在答卷前先把自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目和试卷类型涂写在答题卡上。

考试结束时，试卷和答题卡一并交回；3.请将第Ⅰ卷选择题答案标号用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上，一定要看清题号并且涂得清楚。

第Ⅰ卷<共75分）一、听力测试<共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）<一）听句子，选择适当答语，每个句子读两遍。

1．A．I'm line．B．It's fine．C．He's fine．2．A．Kind．B．De1icious．C．Funny．3．A．Yes，I do．B．No, thanks．C．Sorry, I'm newhere．4．A．This is Betty speaking．B．Hold on，please．C．She is athome．5．A．Yes，they are．B．Take it away, please．C．I'm sorry to hear that．<二）听对话和问题，选择符合每个问题答案的图面，每段对话和问题读两遍。

6．7．8．9．10．<三）听对话，根据对话内容选择每个问题的最佳答案，对话和问题读两遍。

听第一段对话，回答第11、12题。

11.In fact, what time did the man show his ticket?A．At2：25．B．At 2：30．C．At 2：35．12.Why was the man late for the train?A．Because the train left earlier．B．Because he didn't know the time．C．Because there was something wrong with theclock．听第二段对话，回答第13、14、15题。

2018年山东省潍坊市中考英语试题及答案(word版)

2018年山东省潍坊市中考英语试卷一、听力测试（每小题1分，共25分）1．（1分）A．It's Lingling's．B．She is Langling．C．Lingling did it．2．（1分）A．It's 50 yuan．B．It's 30 kilos．C．It's 27．3．（1分）A．About 20．B．Around 5：00．C．At the street corner．4．（1分）A．I think so．B．That's OK．C．Sorry to hear that．5．（1分）A．I'm going to Shanghai Disneyland．B．I went to Hong Kong last year．C．I've never been to England．6．（3分）（1）（2）（3）7．（1分）How was the music just now？A．It was light．B．It was silent．C．It was loud．8．（1分）What does the woman want to have？B．Coke．C．Tea．9．（1分）Where is the bank？10．（1分）What is David？A．A writer．B．A singer．C．An actor．11．（1分）What did the man do？A．Stayed at home．B．Travelled around．C．Went to the museum．12．（1分）What was the weather like last night？A．Windy．B．Cloudy．C．Rainy．13．（3分）（1）What did the woman buy finally？A．Some cakes．B．Some bread．C．Some bread and cakes．（2）How many cakes did the woman take away？A．10．B．15．C．20．（3）How much did the woman actually pay for each cake？A．6 yuan．C．4 yuan．14．（3分）（1）Where are the speakers？A．At a zoo．B．At a hospital．C．At a pet market．（2）What is the relationship between the man and the woman？A．They are family．B．They are neighbours．C．They are classmates．（3）Which animal is not mentioned in the conversation？A．The fish．B．The snake．C．The rabbit．15．（5分）Lisa，a （1）﹣year﹣old girl，goes to her father's toy shop after school every（2）．On that day excited kids and babies are busy playing with the toys in their shop，so it's always quite （3）there．Lisa has to watch carefully and make sure nobody（4）the toys．This often makes her feel（5），but she has fun helping her father．二、单项选择（共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分）16．（1分）To prepare for_____trip to LA，Betty is making_____list of things to take along．（）A．the；the B．不填；a C．the；a D．a；不填17．（1分）Students here often do physics experiments_____small groups．（）A．by B．in C．for D．at18．（1分）The Three Gorges Dam produces_____for millions of people in China．（）A．electricity B．influence C．transport D．technology19．（1分）Doctor Bethune sometimes had to treat the wounded on _____ own．（）A．him B．his C．them D．their20．（1分）﹣I always hate being late for school．﹣______（）A．So am I．B．So do I．C．So I am．D．So I do．21．（1分）The photos that won the first prize in the competition will be_____on the website．（）A．put away B．put off C．put up D．put on22．（1分）You will still miss the flight____you catch a Didi car．（）A．even if B．as if C．until D．before23．（1分）We were all disappointed at______．（）A．what does the boy say B．what the boy saysC．what did the boy say D．what the boy said三、完形填空（共1小题，满分10分）24．（10分）Riding a Mobike on the street，you might hear some people speaking Chinese aloud．Turning to the right，you see a Sichuan﹣style restaurant．After walking into a store，you see that Huawei smartphones are （1）．But you're not in China﹣﹣you're in Manchester in Britain．In fact，you might see （2）things in many other cities．Chinese products have been （3）worldwide．Chinese food has been enjoyed in western countries for a long time．To （4）local people's tastes，Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the （5）．Unlike Chinese，Australian people don't like to eat meat with the bone （6），so Chinese restaurants there provide big pieces of meat without bones，（7）for fish．Some Chinese brands（品牌）are also becoming more （8）．In many cities in Europe，stores sell TCL televisions，Haier fridges and Lenovocomputers．And more than half of US﹣owned drones （无人机）are Chinese models．They're not simply made in China，but designed and developed in the （9）．In the past，most western people thought Chinese products were cheap and not dependable．But now，things have changed greatly．"Made in China" becomes cool．More and more people （10）Chinese brands．（1）A．for fun B．at work C．on sale D．in use（2）A．similar B．different C．common D．unusual（3）A．stored B．collected C．received D．accepted（4）A．meet B．copy C．spread D．answer（5）A．kitchens B．drinks C．dishes D．services（6）A．up B．out C．on D．in（7）A．just B．even C．yet D．still（8）A．traditional B．expensive C．practical D．popular（9）A．country B．circle C．field D．town（10）A．sell B．trust C．improve D．question四、阅读理解（共4小题；满分30分）25．（8分）When she was just 9 years old，Katie Stagliano planted a cabbage seed （卷心菜种子）in a garden outside her house．She cared for it every day by watering it，weeding it and giving it plant food．It grew to be HUGE! Forty pounds huge!Katie wanted to do something special with this very special cabbage．With her mom's help，she decided to donate（捐赠）it to a local soup kitchen to help feed the hungry in her community of Summerville，South Carolina．When she arrived to make her donation，she saw a long line of people waiting for food．Then，Katie served her cabbage to the guest．As the many people thanked her，she knew she could and should do more to help．With the help of her parents and school，Katie's Krops was born! Katie's Krops plants gardens to grow food that is donated to local soup kitchens to feed the hungry．Katie's dream is to end hunger around the world．So，after she created several gardens in her community，she decided to do more．She wanted to help other kids create gardens in their communities!As of 2017，7 years after she started，there are now 83 Katie's Krops gardens growing across the United States! All of the gardens are led by kids between the ages of 9 and 16．（1）What is "something special" Katie did at last in Paragraph 2？A．Building her first garden．B．Giving the cabbage plant food．C．Helping mom in the local soup kitchen．D．Donating the cabbage to people in need．（2）Who runs the 83 gardens？A．Hungry people there．B．Katie Stagliano herself．C．Teenagers from 9 to 16．D．Parents and schools together．（3）Katie's Krops．A．creates a lot of jobs for local peopleB．has its own soup kitchens everywhereC．is now all over South Carolina，the USD．helps fight hunger in their own communities（4）Katie's story sounds．A．encouragingB．relaxingC．boringD．tiring26．（6分）（1）Who plays the leading role in making decisions？B．Marc．C．Iggy．D．Barney．（2）The underlined word "awesome" probably means．A．awfulB．crazyC．nervousD．fantastic（3）What do we know about the Island Club？A．It's a new place for the three friends．B．It's one of the top clubs of UK．C．Coffee is always free there．D．Iggy prefers to eat there．27．（8分）Researchers in the 1960s found bilingual （双语的）people scored higher on intelligence （智力）tests than monolinguals﹣﹣people who speak only one language．The latest studies show that being bilingual does not necessarily make people cleverer，but it probably does make you better at certain skills．Imagine driving down the highway．There're many things that could attract your attention and you really need to be able to watch all of them．Why would bilingualism make you any better at that？The answer is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention ﹣a function （功能）called the executive control system．It's quite possibly the most important system we have because it's where all of your decisions about what to attend to，what to ignore（忽视），what to process are made．The best method to measure（测量）the executive control system is called the Stroop Test．Suppose you would have the word "blue" written in red，but you have to say the colour red．But "blue" is so eye﹣catching，and you really want to say"blue"．You need to ignore it so that you can say the colour red．That's theBilingual people continually practice this function．They have to，because both languages are active in their brain at the same time．They need to ignore one to be able to speak in the other．This exercise might help in other ways，too．Researchers say bilingual children are more likely to have friends from different cultures．Bilingual adults are often four to five years later than others in developing Alzheimer's disease．（1）What did the recent research find about bilingual people？A．They can safely drive their cars．B．They can well manage their attention．C．They can have a better control of imagination．D．They can easily pick out the colours they want．（2）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to？A．Red．B．Blue．C．Test．D．System．（3）What can we learn from the last paragraph？A．Bilingualism may do harm to people's health．B．Bilingualism helps children make more foreign friends．C．People must practice speaking two languages continually．D．People use more active words from their mother languages．（4）What might be the best title for the text？A．How does the Stroop Test work？B．What is executive control system？C．Are monolingual people smarter？D．Are bilingual people better at some skills？28．（8分）It seems that food deliverymen（送货员）are always in a hurry．They wear blue，red or yellow helmets and many of them don't follow traffic rules．（1）They use mobile phones while driving．These rude behaviors have caught the public's attention．In the first half of 2017，food deliverymen had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai，according to Shanghai Public Security Bureau．That means every two and a half days，a food deliveryman will die or get hurt on the road．（2）The strict rules of the food delivery service companies and the anxious customers may be the answer．Many companies will fine（罚款）a deliveryman up to 2，000 yuan，if he fails to deliver an order on time，reported China Daily．（3）To solve the problem，food delivery service companies need to improve their incentive systems，noted CRI Online．（4）Shanghai has asked companies to train their deliverymen on traffic rules and safety．Now in Shenzhen，if a deliveryman gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice，then he will be banned（禁止）from driving food service delivery vehicles for a whole year．A．Some cities are also taking action．B．What are the strict rules used for？C．What makes deliverymen take such risks？D．Fines also go to those who get bad reviews from customers．E．They drive on the wrong side of the road and run red lights．五、词汇应用（共1小题，满分12分）29．（12分）I live in Pennsylvania．It is a （1）（north）state of America，which is the 33rd （2）（large）state in America．You might know some of the cities，like Philadelphia，Pittsburgh and Allentown．The state capital is Harrisburg．Now let me tell you a little more about my state．Several Indian tribes（部落）lived in Pennsylvania before（3）（Europe）came．The Dutch came first，（4）（follow）by Sweden．England started colonies（殖民地）later．After a few fights，they （5）（take）control of the land．Pennsylvania （6）（give）to the Penn family later．That is how Pennsylvania got its name．Pennsylvania was the （7）（two）to join the nation．The city of Philadelphia （8）（be）an important city since the colony was founded．It was even the capital of America，too!Today，Pennsylvania is sometimes regarded as the snack capital of the country．It is famous for snacks，like pretzels and chips，Heinz ketchup and sauces．There is also Hershey，which is well （9）（know）as the chocolate company．There are steel companies in the state，as well as a lot of colleges．There are plenty of things （10）（do）in Pennsylvania．There are several major sports teams．Pennsylvania has 121 state parks，and they all have free（11）（enter）．Hunting is popular here，too．Are you thinking about （12）（visit）the state？六、翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）30．（2分）那就是李华头疼的原因．（why）31．（2分）新图书馆将会比旧的大多了．（than）32．（2分）韩梅，高个子，黑色长发．（with）33．（2分）你最好一回家先做作业．（as soon as）34．（2分）我表姐每周花两个小时的时间学京剧．（spend…in…）七、阅读表达（共1小题；满分10分）35．（10分）Sometimes it may seem that what you are learning at school will be of no use in the future．It may seem that you're wasting your life away．But you will be surprised to find how much of what you learnt at school is helpful to you oneday．Three people were asked what they found useful at school，and their thoughts are shared below．When I used to ask my teacher how to spell something，she often said，I don't know．Then she would take out the dictionary and look it up．She was not ashamed to say that she didn't know the answer．I learnt two things．You don't have to know _______；and if you don't know how to spell something，just get the dictionary out．Both are very useful lessons!John RingBicester，United KingdomIn school，you also learn to deal with life in general．Little mistakes can seem to be very serious．Wear the wrong clothes and it seems that everyone is laughing at you．Get too close to a boy too fast and everyone talks about you．You want to go into a hole and die! But the truth is that life goes on．You might feel that what you did "wrong" will never ever be forgotten．However，if you can be brave and keep on，you will find that whatever happened will pass and you will start to enjoy life again．Lindsey SmithBoston，United statesWe had a class called Guidance and in it we learnt about making good decisions in life．I found it pretty boring and didn't pay much attention．One day the teacher made us guess which appliance（家电）we should buy first once we had our own homes．The answer was a fridge．I learnt that it was true once I had my own place．The first day I bought some chicken meat．By dinner time it smelled and I couldn'teven eat it! My housemate and I started saving to buy a fridge right away．Robert KnightCape Town，South Africa（1）Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．（请将文中划线句子翻译成汉语）（2）Fill in the blank with one proper word to complete the sentence in John's thought．（请在John的文段空白处填入一个恰当的词，使句意完整）（3）Find out the two little "serious" mistakes mentioned by Lindsey．（no more than 15 words）（请找出Lindsey提到的两个"严重"的小错误，15词以内）（4）Why is a fridge considered the first choice of appliance by Robert and his teacher？（请根据短文内容回答问题）（5）What is the text mainly about？（no more than 15 words）（请根据短文内容回答问题，15词以内）八、写作（满分15分）36．（15分）人总要慢慢长大，那些曾经的过往成就了未来的你．读完上述阅读表达内容，根据图表提示，请你也用英语分享一下学校生活中让你受益的人或事．内容包括：1．具体是什么；2．学到了什么．注意：1．词数80左右；2．文中不要出现考生本人的真实信息．2018年山东省潍坊市中考英语试卷参考答案与试题解析一、听力测试（每小题1分，共25分）1．（1分）A．It's Lingling's．B．She is Langling．C．Lingling did it．【解答】略2．（1分）A．It's 50 yuan．B．It's 30 kilos．C．It's 27．【解答】略3．（1分）A．About 20．B．Around 5：00．C．At the street corner．【解答】略4．（1分）A．I think so．B．That's OK．C．Sorry to hear that．【解答】略5．（1分）A．I'm going to Shanghai Disneyland．B．I went to Hong Kong last year．C．I've never been to England．【解答】略6．（3分）（1）略（2）略（3）略【解答】略7．（1分）How was the music just now？A．It was light．B．It was silent．C．It was loud．【解答】略8．（1分）What does the woman want to have？A．Water．B．Coke．C．Tea．【解答】略9．（1分）Where is the bank？【解答】略10．（1分）What is David？A．A writer．B．A singer．C．An actor．【解答】略11．（1分）What did the man do？A．Stayed at home．B．Travelled around．C．Went to the museum．【解答】略12．（1分）What was the weather like last night？A．Windy．B．Cloudy．C．Rainy．【解答】略13．（3分）（1）What did the woman buy finally？A．Some cakes．B．Some bread．C．Some bread and cakes．（2）How many cakes did the woman take away？A．10．B．15．C．20．（3）How much did the woman actually pay for each cake？A．6 yuan．B．5 yuan．C．4 yuan．【解答】略14．（3分）（1）Where are the speakers？A．At a zoo．B．At a hospital．C．At a pet market．（2）What is the relationship between the man and the woman？A．They are family．B．They are neighbours．C．They are classmates．（3）Which animal is not mentioned in the conversation？A．The fish．B．The snake．C．The rabbit．【解答】略15．（5分）Lisa，a （1）略﹣year﹣old girl，goes to her father's toy shop after school every（2）略．On that day excited kids and babies are busy playing with the toys in their shop，so it's always quite （3）略there．Lisa has to watch carefully and make sure nobody（4）略the toys．This often makes her feel （5）略，but she has fun helping her father．【解答】略二、单项选择（共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分）16．（1分）To prepare for_____trip to LA，Betty is making_____list of things to take along．（）A．the；the B．不填；a C．the；a D．a；不填【解答】根据To prepare for_____trip to LA，Betty is making_____list of things to take along，可知第一空表示特指这次旅行，用the，第二空泛指一份清单，list 发音以辅音音素开头，前面用a．故选：C．17．（1分）Students here often do physics experiments_____small groups．（）A．by B．in C．for D．at【解答】by表示交通方式；in在……里；for为了；at在几点钟．结合句意：这里的学生经常以小组的形式进行物理实验．故选：B．18．（1分）The Three Gorges Dam produces_____for millions of people in China．（）A．electricity B．influence C．transport D．technology【解答】考查名词．A电力．B影响．C运输．D技术．结合语境"三峡大坝为中国数百万人提供__．"．可知，应该是"电力"．故选：A．19．（1分）Doctor Bethune sometimes had to treat the wounded on _____ own．（）A．him B．his C．them D．their【解答】选项A意为：他，宾格，选项B意为：他的，形容词性的物主代词，选项C意为：他们，宾格．选项D意为：他们的，形容词性的物主代词．own 是形容词，和前面的形容词性物主代词一起修饰后面的名词．结合句意：白求恩医生有时不得不自己治疗伤员．故选：B．20．（1分）﹣I always hate being late for school．﹣______（）A．So am I．B．So do I．C．So I am．D．So I do．【解答】结合选项，so+助动词+主语是指某人也这样．so+主语+助动词是指对上文的肯定，起加强作用．结合上下文句意，可知是说我也讨厌．hate是实意动词，主语I，故do．故选：B．21．（1分）The photos that won the first prize in the competition will be_____on the website．（）A．put away B．put off C．put up D．put on【解答】put away把……收起来；put off推迟；put up张贴；put on穿上，增加；结合句意：在比赛中获得一等奖的照片将刊登在网站上．故选：C．22．（1分）You will still miss the flight____you catch a Didi car．（）A．even if B．as if C．until D．before【解答】A．即使B．好似C．直到D．在…之前，根据You will still miss the flight____you catch a Didi car，推出even if 符合题意，结合句意：你仍然会错过航班的，即使你乘坐滴滴车．故选：A．23．（1分）We were all disappointed at______．（）A．what does the boy say B．what the boy saysC．what did the boy say D．what the boy said【解答】根据句意，这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，宾语从句要用陈述语序，故可排除AC．再根据主句的时态是一般过去时态，故宾语从句也要用一般过去时态，故可排除B．故选：D．三、完形填空（共1小题，满分10分）24．（10分）Riding a Mobike on the street，you might hear some people speaking Chinese aloud．Turning to the right，you see a Sichuan﹣style restaurant．After walking into a store，you see that Huawei smartphones are （1）C．But you're not in China﹣﹣you're in Manchester in Britain．In fact，you might see （2）A things in many other cities．Chinese products have been （3）D worldwide．Chinese food has been enjoyed in western countries for a long time．To （4）A local people's tastes，Chinese restaurants have made some changes to the （5）C．Unlike Chinese，Australian people don't like to eat meat with the bone （6）D，so Chinese restaurants there provide big pieces of meat without bones，（7）B for fish．Some Chinese brands（品牌）are also becoming more （8）D．In many cities in Europe，stores sell TCL televisions，Haier fridges and Lenovo computers．And more than half of US﹣owned drones （无人机）are Chinese models．They're not simply made in China，but designed and developed in the （9）A．In the past，most western people thought Chinese products were cheap and not dependable．But now，things have changed greatly．"Made in China" becomes cool．More and more people （10）B Chinese brands．（1）A．for fun B．at work C．on sale D．in use（2）A．similar B．different C．common D．unusual（3）A．stored B．collected C．received D．accepted（4）A．meet B．copy C．spread D．answer（5）A．kitchens B．drinks C．dishes D．services（6）A．up B．out C．on D．in（7）A．just B．even C．yet D．still（8）A．traditional B．expensive C．practical D．popular（9）A．country B．circle C．field D．town（10）A．sell B．trust C．improve D．question【解答】1﹣5：CADAC 6﹣10：DBDAB1．C 考查短语辨析．A为了好玩；B工作中；C出售；D在使用中；根据前面Huawei smartphones 华为智能手机，应该是出售，故答案是C．2．A 考查形容词辨析．A相似的；B不同的；C普通的；D不常见的；根据后面things in many other cities许多其他城市，应该是看到很多相似的东西，故答案是A．3．D 考查动词辨析．A存储；B收集；C收到；D接受；根据Chinese products have been （3）worldwide中国制造，应该是被广泛地接受，故答案是D．4．A 考查动词辨析．A遇见，满足；B复制；C展开；D回答；根据后面local people's tastes当地人的口味及后面的改变，应该为了迎合当地人的口味，故答案是A．5．C 考查名词辨析．A厨房；B饮料；C菜；D服务；根据后面so Chinese restaurants there provide big pieces of meat without bones所以那里的中国餐馆提供了大量没有骨头的肉，可知前面是肉里面没有骨头，可知是对菜肴做了改变，故答案是C．6．D 考查介词辨析．A上；B外；C在…上；D在…里；根据后面so Chinese restaurants there provide big pieces of meat without bones所以那里的中国餐馆提供了大量没有骨头的肉可知前面是肉里面没有骨头，故答案是D．7．B 考查副词辨析．A只，刚刚；B甚至；C也，仍；D仍然；根据前面面so Chinese restaurants there provide big pieces of meat without bones所以那里的中国餐馆提供了大量没有骨头的肉可知前面是肉里面没有骨头，后面for fish，鱼，应该是甚至鱼也没有骨头，故答案是B．8．D 考查形容词辨析．A传统的；B贵的；C实践的；实际的；D流行的；根据后面In many cities in Europe，stores sell TCL televisions，Haier fridges and Lenovo computers在欧洲的许多城市，商店出售TCL电视机、海尔冰箱和联想电脑，可知中国品牌非常流行，故答案是D．9．A 考查名词辨析．A国家；B圆；C田地；D城镇；根据前面They're not simply made in China，but designed and developed in the 它们不仅仅是中国制造的，而也是设计和开发的国家，故答案是A．10．B 考查动词辨析．A卖；B相信；C提高；D问；根据前面"Made in China" becomes cool中国制造变得很酷，可知越来越多的相信中国品牌，故答案是B．四、阅读理解（共4小题；满分30分）25．（8分）When she was just 9 years old，Katie Stagliano planted a cabbage seed （卷心菜种子）in a garden outside her house．She cared for it every day by watering it，weeding it and giving it plant food．It grew to be HUGE! Forty pounds huge!Katie wanted to do something special with this very special cabbage．With her mom's help，she decided to donate（捐赠）it to a local soup kitchen to help feed the hungry in her community of Summerville，South Carolina．When she arrived to make her donation，she saw a long line of people waiting for food．Then，Katie served her cabbage to the guest．As the many people thanked her，she knew she could and should do more to help．With the help of her parents and school，Katie's Krops was born! Katie's Krops plants gardens to grow food that is donated to local soup kitchens to feed the hungry．Katie's dream is to end hunger around the world．So，after she created several gardens in her community，she decided to do more．She wanted to help other kids create gardens in their communities!As of 2017，7 years after she started，there are now 83 Katie's Krops gardens growing across the United States! All of the gardens are led by kids between the ages of 9 and 16．（1）What is "something special" Katie did at last in Paragraph 2？DA．Building her first garden．B．Giving the cabbage plant food．C．Helping mom in the local soup kitchen．D．Donating the cabbage to people in need．（2）Who runs the 83 gardens？CA．Hungry people there．B．Katie Stagliano herself．C．Teenagers from 9 to 16．D．Parents and schools together．（3）Katie's Krops D．A．creates a lot of jobs for local peopleB．has its own soup kitchens everywhereC．is now all over South Carolina，the USD．helps fight hunger in their own communities（4）Katie's story sounds A．A．encouragingB．relaxingC．boringD．tiring【解答】1﹣4：DCDA1．D 细节理解题，根据文中的第2段Katie wanted to do something special with this very special cabbage．With her mom's help，she decided to donate（捐赠）it to a local soup kitchen to help feed the hungry in her community of Summerville，South Carolina．可知凯蒂想为这棵非常特别的卷心菜做点特别的事．在妈妈的帮助下，她决定捐给当地的一个救济处，帮助南卡罗来纳州萨默维尔社区的饥饿者，故答案是D．2．C 细节理解题，根据文中的最后一段All of the gardens are led by kids between the ages of 9 and 16．可知所有的花园都是由9岁到16岁的孩子们经营的，故答案是C．3．D 细节理解题，根据文中的第3段Katie's Krops was born! Katie's Krops plants gardens to grow food that is donated to local soup kitchens to feed the hungry．可知Katie's Krops 种植食物，捐赠给当地的救济处，给饥饿的人吃，故答案是D．4．A 主旨归纳题，根据文中的最后一段As of 2017，7 years after she started，there are now 83 Katie's Krops gardens growing across the United States! All of the gardens are led by kids between the ages of 9 and 16.7年后，现在有83个Katie's Krops ，遍布美国！所有的花园都是由9岁到16岁的孩子们带领的．这些花园的蔬菜等都是帮助那些无家可归的人，可知Katie的故事很鼓舞人，故答案是A．26．（6分）（1）Who plays the leading role in making decisions？CA．Cat．B．Marc．C．Iggy．D．Barney．（2）The underlined word "awesome" probably means D．A．awfulB．crazyC．nervousD．fantastic（3）What do we know about the Island Club？AA．It's a new place for the three friends．B．It's one of the top clubs of UK．C．Coffee is always free there．D．Iggy prefers to eat there．【解答】CDA 1．C 细节理解题根据他们最终决定去the island club 是由Iggy提出的所以Iggy在决定时起主要作用，Cat，Barney没有参与做决定，Marc同意Iggy的选择，故选C．2． D 推测词义题根据后文Yeah，my mate Barney says there is a great DJ，amazing dance music是的，我的朋友Barney说那有一很棒的DJ，很棒的舞曲，都是夸赞的，所以联系答案糟糕的，疯狂的，忧虑的都不符合，所以应选极好的，故选D．3．A 细节理解题根据Found out about a new place．发现一个新地方可知他们对这里不熟，是新地方故选A．27．（8分）Researchers in the 1960s found bilingual （双语的）people scored higher on intelligence （智力）tests than monolinguals﹣﹣people who speak only one language．The latest studies show that being bilingual does not necessarily make people cleverer，but it probably does make you better at certain skills．Imagine driving down the highway．There're many things that could attractyour attention and you really need to be able to watch all of them．Why would bilingualism make you any better at that？The answer is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention ﹣a function （功能）called the executive control system．It's quite possibly the most important system we have because it's where all of your decisions about what to attend to，what to ignore（忽视），what to process are made．The best method to measure（测量）the executive control system is called the Stroop Test．Suppose you would have the word "blue" written in red，but you have to say the colour red．But "blue" is so eye﹣catching，and you really want to say"blue"．You need to ignore it so that you can say the colour red．That's the Stroop Test．Bilingual people continually practice this function．They have to，because both languages are active in their brain at the same time．They need to ignore one to be able to speak in the other．This exercise might help in other ways，too．Researchers say bilingual children are more likely to have friends from different cultures．Bilingual adults are often four to five years later than others in developing Alzheimer's disease．（1）What did the recent research find about bilingual people？BA．They can safely drive their cars．B．They can well manage their attention．C．They can have a better control of imagination．D．They can easily pick out the colours they want．（2）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to？BA．Red．B．Blue．C．Test．D．System．（3）What can we learn from the last paragraph？BA．Bilingualism may do harm to people's health．B．Bilingualism helps children make more foreign friends．C．People must practice speaking two languages continually．D．People use more active words from their mother languages．（4）What might be the best title for the text？DA．How does the Stroop Test work？B．What is executive control system？C．Are monolingual people smarter？D．Are bilingual people better at some skills？【解答】1．B．细节理解题．根据第三段第一句The answer is that bilingual people are often better at controlling their attention答案是双语人往往更善于控制他们的注意力．可知，最近的研究发现，双语者可以很好地管理他们的注意力．选B．2．B．词义猜测题．it在第四段You need to ignore it so that you can say the colour red你需要忽略它，这样你就可以说红色了．根据前一句But "blue" is so eye﹣catching，and you really want to say"blue"．但是"蓝色"是如此引人注目，你真的想说"蓝色"．可知，应该是"蓝色"．选B．3．B．段意猜测题．根据最后一段Researchers say bilingual children are more likely to have friends from different cultures研究人员称双语儿童更可能拥有不同文化背景的朋友．可知，双语帮助孩子们结交更多的外国朋友．选B．4．D．标题猜测题．根据第一段最后一句The latest studies show that being bilingual does not necessarily make people cleverer，but it probably does make you better at certain skills．最新研究表明，双语并不一定会使人更聪明，但这可能会使你在某些技能方面更好．可知，标题可以是"双语者在某些技能方面更好吗？"．选D．28．（8分）It seems that food deliverymen（送货员）are always in a hurry．They wear blue，red or yellow helmets and many of them don't follow traffic rules．（1）E They use mobile phones while driving．These rude behaviors have caught the public's attention．In the first half of 2017，food deliverymen had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai，according to Shanghai Public Security Bureau．That means every two and a half days，a food。

山东省潍坊市2018-2020年三年中考英语试卷分类汇编：翻译句子

山东省潍坊市2018-2020年三年中考英语试卷分类汇编翻译句子2020年潍坊市中考英语试题三、翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）用括号内所给的词或短语，将下列句子翻译成英语。

36.我们在九月份庆祝教师节。

（celebrate）_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________37.无论你做什么，都不要失去勇气。

（whatever，never）_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________38.将来护士会被机器人取代吗?（replace）_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________39.大明感觉不舒服，他请了一天假。

（ask for）_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________40.中国政府采取了恰当措施，挽救了更多人的生命。

（take…steps，so that）36.【分析】We celebrate Teachers' Day in September．【解答】我们we，庆祝celebrate，教师节Teachers' Day，在九月in September；根据句意"我们在九月份庆祝教师节"和语法可知，要用一般现在时．故答案为：We celebrate Teachers' Day in September．【点评】汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子．37.【分析】Whatever you do，don't lose your courage．【解答】无论什么whatever，做do，失去lose，勇气courage；根据句意"无论你做什么，都不要失去勇气"和语法可知，主句用否定形式的祈使句，用don't +动词原形；让步状语从句用一般现在时．故答案为：Whatever you do，don't lose your courage．【点评】汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子．38.【分析】Will nurses be replaced by robots in the future？【解答】护士nurse，用复数形式代指一类人，取代replace，机器人robot，将来in the future；根据句意"将来护士会被机器人取代吗"和语法可知，要用一般将来时的被动语态，其构成为will be done．故答案为：Will nurses be replaced by robots in the future？【点评】汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子．39.【分析】Daming felt uncomfortable and he asked for a day off．【解答】感觉feel，不舒服uncomfortable，请一天假ask for a day off；根据句意"大明感觉不舒服，他请了一天假"和语法可知，要用一般过去时．故答案为：Daming felt uncomfortable and he asked for a day off．【点评】汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子．40.【分析】The Chinese government took appropriate measures so that it saved more lives．【解答】中国政府the Chinese government，采取take，恰当措施appropriate measures，挽救save，更多生命more lives；根据句意"中国政府采取了恰当措施，挽救了更多人的生命"和语法可知，用so that引导结果状语从句，主句和结果状语从句都要用一般过去时．故答案为：The Chinese government took appropriate measures so that it saved more lives．【点评】汉译英，需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等，来选择合适的单词或者短语，构成合乎语法、句意完整的句子．2019年潍坊市中考英语试题三、翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）用括号所给的词或短语，将下列句子翻译成英语。

2018年山东省潍坊市中考英语试卷-答案

山东省潍坊市2018年初中学业水平考试英语答案解析二、单项选择21.【答案】C【解析】根据To prepare for _____ trip to LA, Betty is making _____ list of things to take along，可知第一空表示特指这次旅行，用the，第二空泛指一份清单，list发音以辅音音素开头，前面用a。

故选：C。

【考点】冠词。

22.【答案】B【解析】by表示交通方式；in在……里；for为了；at在几点钟。

结合句意：这里的学生经常以小组的形式进行物理实验。

故选：B。

【考点】常用介词的辨析。

23.【答案】A【解析】考查名词。

A电力。

B影响。

C运输。

D技术。

结合语境“三峡大坝为中国数百万人提供______。

”可知，应该是“电力”。

故选：A。

【考点】名词的词义辨析。

24.【答案】B【解析】选项A意为：他，宾格，选项B意为：他的，形容词性的物主代词，选项C意为：他们，宾格。

选项D意为：他们的，形容词性的物主代词。

own是形容词，和前面的形容词性物主代词一起修饰后面的名词。

结合句意：白求恩医生有时不得不自己治疗伤员。

故选：B。

【考点】物主代词。

25.【答案】B【解析】结合选项，so+助动词+主语是指某人也这样。

so+主语+助动词是指对上文的肯定，起加强作用。

结合上下文句意，可知是说我也讨厌。

hate是实意动词，主语I，故do。

故选：B。

【考点】倒装句。

26.【答案】C【解析】put away把……收起来；put off推迟；put up张贴；put on穿上，增加；结合句意：在比赛中获得一等奖的照片将刊登在网站上。

故选：C。

【考点】动词短语。

27.【答案】A【解析】A.即使 B.好似 C.直到 D.在…之前，根据You will still miss the flight ____ you catch a Didi car，推出even if 符合题意，结合句意：你仍然会错过航班的，即使你乘坐滴滴车。

2018潍坊英语试卷真题分析

2018年潍坊中考英语真题试卷分析2018年潍坊中考卷中可看出对于课程标准比较细化，还包括对于加大阅读量和提高听说读写译综合能力的要求。

另一方面，潍坊英语考试卷中体现中西方文化的差异，拓展学生视野，要求学生具有爱国主义情感及健康的人生观。

之后考卷会更加突出此两方面，对学生的综合素质要求逐渐提高。

一、听力（略）二、单选总体情况：八道题目出的中规中矩，主要还是考查冠词、介词、名词、代词等词类，倒装21.本题主要考察冠词，注意定冠词the特指的用法，及短语make a list。

基础题目。

22.本题考查介词用法，in groups为“小组合作，成群结队的”，学生能掌握这个短语的话并不难做。

基础题目。

23.本题考查名词词义辨析，四个词看起来都比较长难，尤其与其他词容易混淆。

但句意本身结合原课文的句子容易理解，基础好的学生在掌握四个词意思的基础上做起来比较游刃有余；基础较差的学生可能看见四个词就已经很难选了。

中等题目。

24.本题考查代词用法，短语on one’s own词义。

one’s 用形容词性物主代词。

基础题目。

25.本题考查倒装句，“so+主语+助/情/be动词”与“so+助/情/be动词+主语”的区别。

高难题目。

26.本题考查动词的短语辨析，关键知道四个短语分别什么意思，并读懂题目的基础上套如使用。

中等题目。

27.本题考查状语从句引导词辨析。

知道词义并套入即可。

基础题目。

28.本题考查宾语从句。

宾语从句三步走的步骤熟记在心，按步骤来并不难做，学生做起来第一步比较顺畅，在“主过从过”步骤上易出错。

中等题目。

三、完形填空本篇主要是讲了在国外中国产品趋于走俏的事情，中国元素走向世界，激发学生的系国情感。

之后中考题目关注学生的本篇陌生词汇不多，除个别比较熟知的专有地名品牌名外，其余都是初中阶段所要求掌握的基础词汇，需要学生熟练处理句子联系上下文，总体来说不难拿分。

32.本题考查动词的词义辨析，meet基本意思为“遇见”，延伸还有“迎合”的意思，基础一般的学生可能会想不到此点。

山东省潍坊市2018-2019年两年中考英语考试试题分类汇编：阅读理解

阅读理解2019一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABCD四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A1.The poster gives information about .A. the man teacherB. English coursesC. language schools in LondonD. different activities in Lanleygate2. How much do you have to pay for both Speaking and Writing ?A. £95B. £125C. £155D. £2203. If Leo is free on Sunday afternoon ,he can .A. improve his listening abilityB. join the possible smallest classC. have a native teacherD. Learn how to write in EnglishBWhen he was a teenager ,Hunter Adams was veryunhappy ,and he spent many years in the 1960s and 1970shospital for people with mental(精神的) health problems .When he left hospital ,Adams decided to become adoctor ,so he went to Medical School in Virginia ,USA ,But when he was there he did things in a different way .For example ,he didn’t like the doctor’s white coats .he preferred to wear shirts with flowers on them when he visited his patients ,and he tried to make them laugh .The doctors at the medical school didn’t like Adams very much because he was to different .But Adams believed that people in hospital need more than medicine .He saw unhappy and lonely people ,and he tried to help them as patients ,but as people too .He spent a lot of time with children in the hospital ,and often put a special red nose on his face to look like a clown and to make the children laugh .When he finished medical school and became a doctor , Adams opened his own hospital ,called “the Gesundheit Institute” ,together with some other doctors .They wanted it to be a place in a different way of working with sick people .Hunter Adams became famous during the 1980s ,and in 1998 ,Universal Pictures made a film about his life .It was very successful .In the film(called Patch Adams) ,Robin Williams played Adams .Williams said ,”Hunter is a really warm person ,who believes that patients need a doctor who’s friend .I enjoyed playing him .”4. What probably made Hunter decide to be a doctor ?A. His interest in medicineB. His idea to open a hospitalC. His early experience as a teenagerD. His love for the lonely children around5. How was Hunter different from other doctors ?A. He was famous before working in hospitalB. He liked to wear shirts with flowers in them every dayC. He treated his patients as friends in every way possibleD. He was good at dealing with people who were mentally ill .6. What does the underlined word “clown” in paragraph 3 probable mean ?A. 木偶B. 小丑C. 外星人D. 蜘蛛侠7. What can we know from Robin Williams words ?A. He thought highly of Hunter .B. Every doctor needs a patient friendC. He became a warm person ever afterD. A good actor makes a successful film .CA recent study from a team of South Koreanresearchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,highcholesterol and diabetes .For children ,eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes(结果)—it is also about developing good ones .In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the world’s countries .Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒).In the report ,titled “The Importance of Family Dinners (VIII) ”, researchers say that “teens who have frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about what’s going on in their lives ”. They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents ,theyare less likely to use drugs and alcohol .Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families experience long –term physical and mental health benefits(好处) .These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks .These children also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive(好斗的)Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents “likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social issues(事件) and day-to-day concerns ” .She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others .8. What can be the best title for the text ?A. Benefits of eating togetherB. Advantages of eating aloneC. Ways of developing social skillsD. Risks of using drugs and alcohol9. Children eating with their families are more likely to .A. drink more sugary soft drinksB. do well in their studies at schoolC. be more socially active and aggressiveD. have a closer relationship with their parents10.Why is Professor Pagani mentioned in the last paragraph ?A. To introduce herB. To add a new pointC. To explain furtherD. To provide background information11. From which is the text probably taken ?A. A travel guideB. A biology textbookC. A cooking instructionD. A science magazineDNo one wakes up feeling happy every day .Very happy people are not different .They never stop trying to be happy .Here are some of the habits of happy people .◆They slow down .Sometimes we think too much . 12 Happy people know how to enjoy the taste of their meal ,enjoy the world’s colors ,even just step outside to enjoy fresh air .◆ 13Getting your body moving for as little as 10minutes can make you happy .Happy people exercise regularly and follow through on it because they know it will help them get in good mood (情绪) and stay in good mood .◆They spend money on other people .Research shows that spending money on others makes you much happier than spending it on yourself .This is especially true of small things that show effort , such as going out of your way to buy your friend a book that you know he or she will like .◆They get enough sleep .14 Your energy ,attention and memory all go down when you don’t sleep well .Happy people make sleep a first thing of all .◆They have deep conversations .Happy people know that happiness and depth go hand-in-hand .They avoid saying mean things about people . 15 They talk with others on a deeper level , because they know doing it feels good and is an interesting way to learn .根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有一项为多余选项。

山东省潍坊市2018-2020年三年中考英语试卷分类汇编：阅读表达

山东省潍坊市2018-2020年三年中考英语试卷分类汇编阅读表达2020年潍坊市中考英语试题四、阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面的短文，根据短文后的要求答题。

Many schools across the country have shut their doors due to the coronavirus outbreak. This puts teachers and students in new situation. They are turning to online learning. For some students, this is a new experience. Here are a few helpful tips.1. Find a quiet placeGetting ready for a video lesson? Your first step is finding a quiet place to set up. Choose a place where nobody or nothing will take your attention away.2. Set goal（目标）for yourselfBefore class starts, set a goal for yourself. A goal gets your mind ready to learn. It gives you an extra purpose in class. It can even help you focus on what your teacher is saying.3. Check: Are you muted?Before the lesson starts, mute yourself! Background noises may not sound loud on your side. But even tiny sounds can be louder through speakers!4. Practice active listeningHere are ways to practice active listening: Keep your eyes on the screen, ________ looking around the room. Nod, smile and react to what you're hearing.5. Follow your teacher's instructionsUsually your teacher can see you raise your hand. That's not so easy on a video classroom. So be sure to follow instructions. Your teacher will let you know how to show that you want to ask or answer a question.6. Keep calm and troubleshootHas something gone wrong during? Screen froze? Bumped（被挤出）from the class? App crashed? Don't be nervous! Problems like this will happen. It is not the end of the world. Try logging（登录）back on, check your WiFi or restart your computer if you need to. If all else fails, keep calm-and try logging on again!41. In Tip 1: To get ready for a video lesson, find a quiet place to make sure ________.（根据文中内容补全句子信息，10词以内）42. In Tip2: List two advantages of setting goal before class starts.（列举两条设定目标的好处）（1）_______________________________________________________________________________ _________（2）_______________________________________________________________________________ _________43.（1）In Tip3: What' s the Chinese meaning of mute?（写出mute的汉语意思）_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________（2）In Tip4: Fill in the blank with one phrase.（在句子空白处填一个恰当的短语）_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________44. In Tip5: Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.（将划线句子翻译成汉语）_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________45. In Tip6: How do you understand the underlined sentence?（写出划线句子的近义句，禁止使用文中原句）【分析】本文主要介绍了新冠病毒爆发期间，学生必须在家上网课．作者给上音频课的学生提出了6条建议，希望能对他们有所帮助．【解答】（41）that you can concentrate．推理判断题．根据Tip 1" Choose a place where nobody or nothing will take your attention away．"可知你应该选择一个不会分散你注意力的地方．结合题干" To get ready for a video lesson，find a quiet place to make sure___"可推断为了上好一节音频课，需要找到一个安静的地方确保你能集中精力．make sure，表示"确保"，后面可接that从句，集中精力可译为" concentrate"，故答案是：that you can concentrate．（42）A goal gets your mind ready to learn．/It gives you an extra purpose in class．/It can even help you focus on what your teacher is saying．细节理解题．根据Tip 2" A goal gets your mind ready to learn．It gives you an extra purpose in class．It can even help you focus on what your teacher is saying．"可知一个目标可以让你的大脑准备好学习，在课堂上能给你一个额外的目的，甚至还能帮助你关注老师的话语．故答案是：A goal gets your mind ready to learn．/It gives you an extra purpose in class．/It can even help you focus on what your teacher is saying．（写对其中的两条就可以）（43）①静音的．单词猜测题．根据Tip 3"Background noises may not sound loud on your side．But even tiny sounds can be louder through speakers!"可知很微弱的声音你却能听到，因此可猜测mute是静音的意思，故答案是：静音的．②or．考查连词．根据Tip 4" Here are ways to practice active listening"可知下面是练习积极倾听的方式，结合常识，保持你的眼睛看屏幕或者看看房间周围．故答案是：or．（44）你的老师将会让你知道如何展示你想问或回答的问题．汉译英．根据划线句子"Your teacher will let you know how to show that you want to ask or answer a question．"可知这是一个复合句．主句主语是"Your teacher "，你的老师；will ，情态动词，表示"将要"；let you know ，表示"让你知道"；how to show ，作know的表语，表示"如何展示"；that后的从句又是show的宾语，表示"你想问或回答的一个问题"．故答案是：你的老师将会让你知道如何展示你想问或回答的问题．（45）There is no the judgment day yet．近义句．根据划线句子可知，没有到世界末日．没有，可译为"There is no "；世界末日，可译为"the judgment day "；还，译为"yet"．故答案是：There is no the judgment day yet．【点评】综合型的阅读考查学生们对文章的理解运用能力，题型多样，需要有扎实的英语语法知识，再加上细心才可答准确．2019年潍坊市中考英语试题四、阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面的短文，根据短文后的要求答题。

【初三英语试题精选】2018年山东省潍坊市中考英语试题

2018年山东省潍坊市中考英语试题old boy from the USA was described as a hero yesterday after he saved the life of a woman in another country．Dean Bluey from Dallas，Texas，was a school boy who has much 31 in puter．One day，he 32 an email to a friend on the Inter．Suddenly he received a message saying “Help! Pain! Help!”．”The message was from Finland， 33 kilometers away from America．“I didn’t kno34 I should do，”Dean said to a reporter afterwards．“It was really difficult to tell if the message was real．”So Dean did nothing at first． 35 the message kept ing．“By then it was easy to see that someone was in trouble,” Dean explained He 36 and discovered that the sender was a student called Tarja, who was alone in a university library She was ill What was 37 , there was no phone around her Her only way of municating with the world was by email Dean got in touch 38 the police immediately And they realized that the situation was quite serious They called the police in Finland Then an ambulance rushed to the library 39 , she was still alive and was sent to the hospital quickly“I’m glad she’s OK,” Dean said “It’s hard to believe, but 40 saved her life”31．A．interest B．interested C．interesting D．interests 32．A．sent B．sends C．was sending D．is sending33．A．thousand B．thousand of C．thousands D．thousands of34．A．hoB．what C．where D．when35．A．So B．And C．But D．As。

山东潍坊中考英语试题解析

潍坊市中考英语试题（五）听一段独白，根据所听内容补全下列文段。

每空一词，独白读两遍。

Lisa, a 1 -year-old girl, goes to her father’s toy shop after school every 2 .On that day excited kids and babies are busy playing with the toys in their shop, so it’s always quite 3 there. Lisa has to watch carefully and make sure nobody 4 the toys. This often makes her feel 5 , but she has fun helping her father.二、单项选择（共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分）从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项21. (2018山东潍坊)To prepare for________ trip to LA, Betty is making_______ list of things to take along.A. the: theB. 不填:aC. the: aD. a; 不填21. C 【解析】考查冠词用法。

第一个空表示“特指”洛杉矶之旅，故用定冠词the；第二个空make a list of 意为“把……列成一张表”，表示数量为“一”，用不定冠词a。

故选择C。

22. (2018山东潍坊)Students here often do physics experiments _______small groups.A. byB. inC. forD. at22. B 【解析】考查介词用法。

句意：这里的学生经常以小组的形式进行物理实验。

“(表示手段、方法、材料)用，以”用介词in。

选择B。

2018年山东省潍坊市中考试题及答案汇总(9份)

2018年潍坊市初中学业水平考试数学试题一、选择题1. ( )A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】分析：根据绝对值的性质解答即可．详解：|1-|=．故选B．点睛：此题考查了绝对值的性质：一个正数的绝对值是它本身；一个负数的绝对值是它的相反数；0的绝对值是0．2. 生物学家发现了某种花粉的直径约为0.0000036毫米,数据0.000036用科学记数法表示正确的是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】分析：绝对值小于1的正数用科学记数法表示，一般形式为a×10-n，与较大数的科学记数法不同的是其所使用的是负指数幂，指数由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定．详解：0.0000036=3.6×10-6；故选C．点睛：本题考查用科学记数法表示较小的数，一般形式为a×10-n，其中1≤|a|＜10，n为由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定．3. 如图所示的几何体的左视图是( )A. （A）B. （B）C. （C）D. （D）【答案】D【解析】分析：找到从左面看所得到的图形即可，注意所有的看到的棱都应表现在左视图中．详解：从左面看可得矩形中间有一条横着的虚线．故选D．点睛：本题考查了三视图的知识，左视图是从物体的左面看得到的视图．4. 下列计算正确的是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】C详解：A、a2•a3=a5，故A错误；B、a3÷a=a2，故B错误；C、a-（b-a）=2a-b，故C正确；D、（-a）3=-a3，故D错误．故选C．点睛：本题考查合并同类项、积的乘方、同底数幂的乘除法，熟练掌握运算性质和法则是解题的关键．5. 把一副三角板放在同一水平桌面上,摆放成如图所示的形状,使两个直角顶点重合,两条斜边平行,则的度数是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】分析：直接利用平行线的性质结合已知角得出答案．详解：作直线l平行于直角三角板的斜边，可得：∠2=∠3=45°，∠3=∠4=30°，故∠1的度数是：45°+30°=75°．故选C．点睛：此题主要考查了平行线的性质，正确作出辅助线是解题关键．6. 如图,木工师傅在板材边角处作直角时,往往使用“三弧法”,其作法是：（1）作线段,分别以为圆心,以长为半径作弧,两弧的交点为；（2）以为圆心,仍以长为半径作弧交的延长线于点；（3）连接下列说法不正确的是( )A. B.C. 点是的外心D.【答案】D【解析】分析：根据等边三角形的判定方法，直角三角形的判定方法以及等边三角形的性质，直角三角形的性质一一判断即可；详解：由作图可知：AC=AB=BC，∴△ABC是等边三角形，由作图可知：CB=CA=CD，∴点C是△ABD的外心，∠ABD=90°，BD=AB，∴S△ABD=AB2，∵AC=CD，∴S△BDC=AB2，故A、B、C正确，故选D．点睛：本题考查作图-基本作图，线段的垂直平分线的性质，三角形的外心等知识，直角三角形等知识，解题的关键是灵活运用所学知识解决问题，属于中考常考题型．7. 某篮球队10名队员的年龄结构如下表,已知该队队员年龄的中位数为21．5,则众数与方差分别为( )A. 22,3B. 22,4C. 21,3D. 21,4【答案】D【解析】分析：先根据数据的总个数及中位数得出x=3、y=2，再利用众数和方差的定义求解可得．详解：∵共有10个数据，∴x+y=5，又该队队员年龄的中位数为21.5，即，∴x=3、y=2，则这组数据的众数为21，平均数为=22，故选D．点睛：本题主要考查中位数、众数、方差，解题的关键是根据中位数的定义得出x、y的值及方差的计算公式．8. 在平面直角坐标系中,点是线段上一点,以原点为位似中心把放大到原来的两倍,则点的对应点的坐标为( )A. B. 或C. D. 或【答案】B【解析】分析：根据位似变换的性质计算即可．详解：点P（m，n）是线段AB上一点，以原点O为位似中心把△AOB放大到原来的两倍，则点P的对应点的坐标为（m×2，n×2）或（m×（-2），n×（-2）），即（2m，2n）或（-2m，-2n），故选B．点睛：本题考查的是位似变换、坐标与图形的性质，在平面直角坐标系中，如果位似变换是以原点为位似中心，相似比为k，那么位似图形对应点的坐标的比等于k或-k．9. 已知二次函数(为常数),当自变量的值满足时,与其对应的函数值的最大值为-1,则的值为( )A. 3或6B. 1或6C. 1或3D. 4或6【答案】B【解析】分析：分h＜2、2≤h≤5和h＞5三种情况考虑：当h＜2时，根据二次函数的性质可得出关于h的一元二次方程，解之即可得出结论；当2≤h≤5时，由此时函数的最大值为0与题意不符，可得出该情况不存在；当h＞5时，根据二次函数的性质可得出关于h的一元二次方程，解之即可得出结论．综上即可得出结论．详解：如图，当h＜2时，有-（2-h）2=-1，解得：h1=1，h2=3（舍去）；当2≤h≤5时，y=-（x-h）2的最大值为0，不符合题意；当h＞5时，有-（5-h）2=-1，解得：h3=4（舍去），h4=6．综上所述：h的值为1或6．故选B．点睛：本题考查了二次函数的最值以及二次函数的性质，分h＜2、2≤h≤5和h＞5三种情况求出h值是解题的关键．10. 在平面内由极点、极轴和极径组成的坐标系叫做极坐标系如图,在平面上取定一点称为极点；从点出发引一条射线称为极轴；线段的长度称为极径点的极坐标就可以用线段的长度以及从转动到的角度(规定逆时针方向转动角度为正)来确定，即或或等,则点关于点成中心对称的点的极坐标表示不正确的是( )A. B.C. D.【答案】D【解析】分析：根据中心对称的性质解答即可．详解：∵P（3，60°）或P（3，-300°）或P（3，420°），由点P关于点O成中心对称的点Q可得：点Q的极坐标为（3，240°），（3，-120°），（3，600°），故选D．点睛：此题考查中心对称的问题，关键是根据中心对称的性质解答．11. 已知关于的一元二次方程有两个不相等的实数根，若,则的值是( )A. 2B. -1C. 2或-1D. 不存在【答案】A【解析】分析：先由二次项系数非零及根的判别式△＞0，得出关于m的不等式组，解之得出m的取值范围，再根据根与系数的关系可得出x1+x2=，x1x2=，结合，即可求出m的值．详解：∵关于x的一元二次方程mx2-（m+2）x+=0有两个不相等的实数根x1、x2，∴，解得：m＞-1且m≠0．∵x1、x2是方程mx2-（m+2）x+=0的两个实数根，∴x1+x2=，x1x2=，∵，∴=4m，∴m=2或-1，∵m＞-1，∴m=2．故选A．点睛：本题考查了根与系数的关系、一元二次方程的定义以及根的判别式，解题的关键是：（1）根据二次项系数非零及根的判别式△＞0，找出关于m的不等式组；（2）牢记两根之和等于-、两根之积等于．12. 如图,菱形的边长是4厘米,,动点以1厘米/秒的速度自点出发沿方向运动至点停止,动点以2厘米/秒的速度自点出发沿折线运动至点停止若点同时出发运动了秒,记的面积为,下面图象中能表示与之间的函数关系的是( )A. （A）B. （B）C. （C）D. （D）【答案】D【解析】分析：应根据0≤t＜2和2≤t＜4两种情况进行讨论．把t当作已知数值，就可以求出S，从而得到函数的解析式，进一步即可求解．详解：当0≤t＜2时，S=2t××（4-t）=-t2+4t；当2≤t＜4时，S=4××（4-t）=-2t+8；只有选项D的图形符合．故选D．点睛：本题主要考查了动点问题的函数图象，利用图形的关系求函数的解析式，注意数形结合是解决本题的关键．二、填空题(本大题共6小题,共18分,只要求填写最后结果,每小题填对得3分)13. 因式分解:____________．【答案】【解析】分析：通过提取公因式（x+2）进行因式分解．详解：原式=（x+2）（x-1）．故答案是：（x+2）（x-1）．点睛：考查了因式分解-提公因式法：如果一个多项式的各项有公因式，可以把这个公因式提出来，从而将多项式化成两个因式乘积的形式，这种分解因式的方法叫做提公因式法．14. 当____________时,解分式方程会出现增根．【答案】2【解析】分析：分式方程的增根是分式方程转化为整式方程的根，且使分式方程的分母为0的未知数的值．详解：分式方程可化为：x-5=-m，由分母可知，分式方程的增根是3，当x=3时，3-5=-m，解得m=2，故答案为：2．点睛：本题考查了分式方程的增根．增根问题可按如下步骤进行：①让最简公分母为0确定增根；②化分式方程为整式方程；③把增根代入整式方程即可求得相关字母的值．15. 用教材中的计算器进行计算,开机后依次按下．把显示结果输人下侧的程序中,则输出的结果是____________．【答案】34+9．【解析】分析：先根据计算器计算出输入的值，再根据程序框图列出算式，继而根据二次根式的混合运算计算可得．详解：由题意知输入的值为32=9，则输出的结果为[（9+3）-]×（3+）=（12-）×（3+）=36+12-3-2=34+9，故答案为：34+9．点睛：本题主要考查计算器-基础知识，解题的关键是根据程序框图列出算式，并熟练掌握二次根式的混合运算顺序和运算法则．16. 如图,正方形的边长为1,点与原点重合,点在轴的正半轴上，点在轴的负半轴上将正方形绕点逆时针旋转至正方形的位置,与相交于点,则的坐标为____________．【答案】【解析】分析：连接AM，由旋转性质知AD=AB′=1、∠BAB′=30°、∠B′AD=60°，证Rt△ADM≌Rt△AB′M 得∠DAM=∠B′AD=30°，由DM=ADtan∠DAM可得答案．详解：如图，连接AM，∵将边长为1的正方形ABCD绕点A逆时针旋转30°得到正方形AB'C′D′，∴AD=AB′=1，∠BAB′=30°，∴∠B′AD=60°，在Rt△ADM和Rt△AB′M中，∵，∴Rt△ADM≌Rt△AB′M（HL），∴∠DAM=∠B′AM=∠B′AD=30°，∴DM=ADtan∠DAM=1×=，∴点M的坐标为（-1，），故答案为：（-1，）．点睛：本题主要考查旋转的性质、正方形的性质，解题的关键是掌握旋转变换的不变性与正方形的性质、全等三角形的判定与性质及三角函数的应用．17. 如图,点的坐标为,过点作不轴的垂线交直于点以原点为圆心,的长为半径断弧交轴正半轴于点；再过点作轴的垂线交直线于点,以原点为圆心,以的长为半径画弧交轴正半轴于点；…按此作法进行下去,则的长是____________．【答案】【解析】分析：先根据一次函数方程式求出B1点的坐标，再根据B1点的坐标求出A2点的坐标，得出B2的坐标，以此类推总结规律便可求出点A2019的坐标，再根据弧长公式计算即可求解，．详解：直线y=x，点A1坐标为（2，0），过点A1作x轴的垂线交直线于点B1可知B1点的坐标为（2，2），以原O为圆心，OB1长为半径画弧x轴于点A2，OA2=OB1，OA2=，点A2的坐标为（4，0），这种方法可求得B2的坐标为（4，4），故点A3的坐标为（8，0），B3（8，8）以此类推便可求出点A2019的坐标为（22019，0），则的长是．故答案为：．点睛：本题主要考查了一次函数图象上点的坐标特征，做题时要注意数形结合思想的运用，是各地的中考热点，学生在平常要多加训练，属于中档题．18. 如图．一-艘渔船正以60海里/小时的速度向正东方向航行,在处测得岛礁在东北方向上，继续航行1．5小时后到达处此时测得岛礁在北偏东方向,同时测得岛礁正东方向上的避风港在北偏东方向为了在台风到来之前用最短时间到达处,渔船立刻加速以75海里/小时的速度继续航行____________小时即可到达(结果保留根号)【答案】.【解析】分析：如图，过点P作PQ⊥AB交AB延长线于点Q，过点M作MN⊥AB交AB延长线于点N，通过解直角△AQP、直角△BPQ求得PQ的长度，即MN的长度，然后通过解直角△BMN求得BM的长度，则易得所需时间．详解：如图，过点P作PQ⊥AB交AB延长线于点Q，过点M作MN⊥AB交AB延长线于点N，在直角△AQP中，∠PAQ=45°，则AQ=PQ=60×1.5+BQ=90+BQ（海里），所以BQ=PQ-90．在直角△BPQ中，∠BPQ=30°，则BQ=PQ•tan30°=PQ（海里），所以PQ-90=PQ，所以PQ=45（3+）（海里）所以MN=PQ=45（3+）（海里）在直角△BMN中，∠MBN=30°，所以BM=2MN=90（3+）（海里）所以（小时）故答案是：．点睛：本题考查的是解直角三角形的应用，此题是一道方向角问题，结合航海中的实际问题，将解直角三角形的相关知识有机结合，体现了数学应用于实际生活的思想．三、解答题19. 如图,直线与反比例函数的图象相交于,两点,连接．(1)求和的值；(2)求的面积．【答案】(1)，；(2)．【解析】分析：（1）先求出B点的坐标，再代入反比例函数解析式求出即可；（2）先求出直线与x轴、y轴的交点坐标，再求出即可．详解：(1)点在直线上,,解得，，反比例函数的图象也经过点，,解得；(2)设直线分别与轴,轴相交于点,点，当时,即,，当时,，，点在直线上，．即，．点睛：本题考查了用待定系数法求反比例函数的解析式，反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题、函数图象上点的坐标特征等知识点，能求出反比例函数的解析式是解此题的关键．20. 如图,点是正方形边上一点,连接,作于点,手点,连接．(1)求证:；(2已知,四边形的面积为24,求的正弦值．【答案】(1)证明见解析；(2)．【解析】分析：（1）通过证明△ABF≌△DEA得到BF=AE；（2）设AE=x，则BF=x，DE=AF=2，利用四边形ABED的面积等于△ABE的面积与△ADE的面积之和得到•x•x+•x•2=24，解方程求出x得到AE=BF=6，则EF=x-2=4，然后利用勾股定理计算出BE，最后利用正弦的定义求解．详（1）证明：∵四边形ABCD为正方形，∴BA=AD，∠BAD=90°，∵DE⊥AM于点E，BF⊥AM于点F，∴∠AFB=90°，∠DEA=90°，∵∠ABF+∠BAF=90°，∠EAD+∠BAF=90°，∴∠ABF=∠EAD，在△ABF和△DEA中，∴△ABF≌△DEA（AAS），∴BF=AE；（2）解：设AE=x，则BF=x，DE=AF=2，∵四边形ABED的面积为24，∴•x•x+•x•2=24，解得x1=6，x2=-8（舍去），∴EF=x-2=4，在Rt△BEF中，BE=，∴sin∠EBF=．点睛：本题考查了正方形的性质：正方形的四条边都相等，四个角都是直角；正方形具有四边形、平行四边形、矩形、菱形的一切性质．会运用全等三角形的知识解决线段相等的问题．也考查了解直角三角形．21. 为进一步提高全民“节约用水”意识,某学校组织学生进行家庭月用水量情况调查活动，小莹随机抽查了所住小区户家庭的月用水量,绘制了下面不完整的统计图．(1)求并补全条形统计图；(2)求这户家庭的月平均用水量；并估计小莹所住小区420户家庭中月用水量低于月平均用水量的家庭户数；(3)从月用水量为和的家庭中任选两户进行用水情况问卷调查,求选出的两户中月用水量为和恰好各有一户家庭的概率．【答案】（1）n=20，补全条形图见解析；（2）这20户家庭的月平均用水量为6.95立方米，小莹所住小区月用水量低于的家庭户数为231；(3)，【解析】分析：（1）根据月用水量为9m3和10m3的户数及其所占百分比可得总户数，再求出5m3和8m3的户数即可补全图形；（2）根据加权平均数的定义计算可得月平均用水量，再用总户数乘以样本中低于月平均用水量的家庭户数所占比例可得；（3）列表得出所有等可能结果，从中找到满足条件的结果数，根据概率公式计算可得．详解：（1）n=（3+2）÷25%=20，月用水量为8m3的户数为20×55%-7=4户，月用水量为5m3的户数为20-（2+7+4+3+2）=2户，补全图形如下：（2）这20户家庭的月平均用水量为=6.95（m3），因为月用水量低于6.95m3的有11户，所以估计小莹所住小区420户家庭中月用水量低于6.95m3的家庭户数为420×=231户；（3）月用水量为5m3的两户家庭记为a、b，月用水量为9m3的3户家庭记为c、d、e，列表如下：a b c d ea （b，a）（c，a）（d，a）（e，a）b （a，b）（c，b）（d，b）（e，b）c （a，c）（b，c）（d，c）（e，c）d （a，d）（b，d）（c，d）（e，d）e （a，e）（b，e）（c，e）（d，e）由表可知，共有20种等可能结果，其中满足条件的共有12种情况，所以选出的两户中月用水量为5m3和9m3恰好各有一户家庭的概率为．点睛：本题考查了列表法与树状图法：利用列表法或树状图法展示所有等可能的结果n，再从中选出符合事件A或B的结果数目m，然后利用概率公式求事件A或B的概率．也考查了统计图和用样本估计总体．22. 如图,为外接圆的直径,且．(1)求证:与相切于点；(2)若,,求的长．【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）AD=．【解析】分析：（1）连接OA，根据同圆的半径相等可得：∠D=∠DAO，由同弧所对的圆周角相等及已知得：∠BAE=∠DAO，再由直径所对的圆周角是直角得：∠BAD=90°，可得结论；（2）先证明OA⊥BC，由垂径定理得：，FB=BC，根据勾股定理计算AF、OB、AD的长即可．详解：证明：（1）连接OA，交BC于F，则OA=OB，∴∠D=∠DAO，∵∠D=∠C，∴∠C=∠DAO，∵∠BAE=∠C，∴∠BAE=∠DAO，∵BD是⊙O的直径，∴∠BAD=90°，即∠DAO+∠BAO=90°，∴∠BAE+∠BAO=90°，即∠OAE=90°，∴AE⊥OA，∴AE与⊙O相切于点A；（2）∵AE∥BC，AE⊥OA，∴OA⊥BC，∴，FB=BC，∴AB=AC，∵BC=2，AC=2，∴BF=，AB=2，在Rt△ABF中，AF=，在Rt△OFB中，OB2=BF2+（OB-AF）2，∴OB=4，∴BD=8，∴在Rt△ABD中，AD=．点睛：本题考查了圆的切线的判定、勾股定理及垂径定理的应用，属于基础题，熟练掌握切线的判定方法是关键：有切线时，常常“遇到切点连圆心得半径，证垂直”．23. 为落实“绿水青山就是金山银山”的发展理念,某市政部门招标一工程队负责在山脚下修建一座水库的土方施工任务．该工程队有两种型号的挖掘机,已知3台型和5台型挖掘机同时施工一小时挖土165立方米；4台型和7台型挖掘机同时施工一小时挖土225立方米．每台型挖掘机一小时的施工费用为300元,每台型挖掘机一小时的施工费用为180元．(1)分别求每台型, 型挖掘机一小时挖土多少立方米?(2)若不同数量的型和型挖掘机共12台同时施工4小时,至少完成1080立方米的挖土量,且总费用不超过12960元．问施工时有哪几种调配方案,并指出哪种调配方案的施工费用最低,最低费用是多少元?【答案】（1）每台型挖掘机一小时挖土30立方米,每台型挖据机一小时挖土15立方米；（2）共有三种调配方案．方案一: 型挖据机7台,型挖掘机5台；方案二: 型挖掘机8台,型挖掘机4台；方案三: 型挖掘机9台,型挖掘机3台．当A型挖掘机7台, 型挖掘机5台的施工费用最低,最低费用为12000元．【解析】分析：（1）根据题意列出方程组即可；（2）利用总费用不超过12960元求出方案数量，再利用一次函数增减性求出最低费用．详解：(1)设每台型,型挖掘机一小时分别挖土立方米和立方米,根据题意,得解得所以,每台型挖掘机一小时挖土30立方米,每台型挖据机一小时挖土15立方米．(2)设型挖掘机有台,总费用为元,则型挖据机有台．根据题意,得，因为，解得，又因为,解得,所以．所以,共有三种调配方案．方案一:当时,,即型挖据机7台,型挖掘机5台；案二:当时,,即型挖掘机8台,型挖掘机4台；方案三:当时,,即型挖掘机9台,型挖掘机3台．,由一次函数的性质可知,随的减小而减小,当时，，此时型挖掘机7台, 型挖掘机5台的施工费用最低,最低费用为12000元．点睛：本题考查了二元一次方程组和一次函数增减性，解答时先根据题意确定自变量取值范围，再应用一次函数性质解答问题．24. 如图1,在中,于点的垂直平分线交于点,交于点,，．(1)如图2,作于点,交于点,将沿方向平移,得到，连接．①求四边形的面积；②直线上有一动点,求周长的最小值．(2)如图3．延长交于点．过点作,过边上的动点作,并与交于点,将沿直线翻折,使点的对应点恰好落在直线上,求线段的长．【答案】(1)①；②周长的最小值为9；(2)的长为或．【解析】分析：（1）①根据相似三角形的判定和性质以及平移的性质进行解答即可；②连接CM交直线EF于点N，连接DN，利用勾股定理解答即可；（2）分点P在线段CE上和点P在线段ED上两种情况进行解答．详解：（1）①在▱ABCD中，AB=6，直线EF垂直平分CD，∴DE=FH=3，又BF：FA=1：5，∴AH=2，∵Rt△AHD∽Rt△MHF，∴，即，∴HM=1.5，根据平移的性质，MM'=CD=6，连接BM，如图1，四边形BHMM′的面积=×6×1.5+×4×1.5＝7.5；②连接CM交直线EF于点N，连接DN，如图2，∵直线EF垂直平分CD，∴CN=DN，∵MH=1.5，∴DM=2.5，在Rt△CDM中，MC2=DC2+DM2，∴MC2=62+（2.5）2，即MC=6.5，∵MN+DN=MN+CN=MC，∴△DNM周长的最小值为9．（2）∵BF∥CE，∴，∴QF=2，∴PK=PK'=6，过点K'作E'F'∥EF，分别交CD于点E'，交QK于点F'，如图3，当点P在线段CE上时，在Rt△PK'E'中，PE'2=PK'2-E'K'2，∴PE′＝2，∵Rt△PE'K'∽Rt△K'F'Q，∴，即，解得：QF′＝，∴PE=PE'-EE'=2−＝，∴CP＝，同理可得，当点P在线段DE上时，CP′＝，如图4，综上所述，CP的长为或．点睛：此题考查四边形的综合题，关键是根据相似三角形的性质和平移的性质解答，注意（2）分两种情况分析．25. 如图1,抛物线与轴交于点和点,与轴交于点,抛物线的顶点为轴于点．将抛物线平移后得到顶点为且对称轴为直的抛物线．(1)求抛物线的解析式；(2)如图2,在直线上是否存在点,使是等腰三角形?若存在,请求出所有点的坐标:若不存在,请说明理由；(3)点为抛物线上一动点,过点作轴的平行线交抛物线于点，点关于直线的对称点为，若以为顶点的三角形与全等,求直线的解析式．【答案】（1）抛物线的解析式为；（2）点的坐标为,,；（3）的解析式为或.【解析】分析：（1）把和代入求出a、c的值，进而求出y1，再根据平移得出y2即可；（2）抛物线的对称轴为,设,已知，过点作轴于,分三种情况时行讨论等腰三角形的底和腰，得到关于t的方程，解方程即可；（3）设,则,根据对称性得,分点在直线的左侧或右侧时,结合以构成的三角形与全等求解即可.详解:(1)由题意知，，解得，所以,抛物线y的解析式为；因为抛物线平移后得到抛物线,且顶点为，所以抛物线的解析式为，即；(2)抛物线的对称轴为,设,已知，过点作轴于,则，，，当时，即，解得或；当时,得，无解；当时,得,解得;综上可知,在抛物线的对称轴上存在点使是等腰三角形,此时点的坐标为,,.(3)设,则,因为关于对称,所以,情况一:当点在直线的左侧时,,,又因为以构成的三角形与全等,当且时,,可求得,即点与点重合所以,设的解析式,则有解得,即的解析式为,当且时,无解,情况二:当点在直线右侧时,,,同理可得的解析式为,综上所述, 的解析式为或.点睛：本题主要考查了二次函数综合题，此题涉及到待定系数法求函数解析式、等腰三角形的判定与性质、全等三角形的性质等知识，解答（1）问的关键是求出a、c的值，解答（2）、（3）问的关键是正确地作出图形，进行分类讨论解答，此题有一定的难度．绝密★试卷类型A山东省2018年中考英语试题亲爱的同学，伴随着考试的开始，你又走到了一个人生驿站。

2018年山东省潍坊市中考英语试题及参考答案(word解析版)

2018年山东省潍坊市中考英语试题及参考答案与解析（满分120分，考试时间120分钟）第Ⅰ卷（共73分）一、听力测试（共25小题；每小题1分，共25分）（一）听句子，选择适当答语，每个句子读两遍。

1．A．It's Lingling's．B．She is Langling．C．Lingling did it．2．A．It's 50 yuan．B．It's 30 kilos．C．It's 27．3．A．About 20．B．Around 5：00．C．At the street corner．4．A．I think so．B．That's OK．C．Sorry to hear that．5．A．I'm going to Shanghai Disneyland．B．I went to Hong Kong last year．C．I've never been to England．（二）听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片，每个句子读两遍。

6．7．8．（三）听对话，根据对话内容选择每个问题的最佳答案，对话和问题读两遍。

9．How was the music just now？A．It was light．B．It was silent．C．It was loud．10．What does the woman want to have？A．Water．B．Coke．C．Tea．11．Where is the bank？12．What is David？A．A writer．B．A singer．C．An actor．13．What did the man do？A．Stayed at home．B．Travelled around．C．Went to the museum．14．What was the weather like last night？A．Windy．B．Cloudy．C．Rainy．（四）听对话，根据对话内容选择每个问题的最佳答案，对话读两遍。

2018山东潍坊中考英语解析

2018年潍坊市中考英语试题（五）听一段独白，根据所听内容补全下列文段。

每空一词，独白读两遍。

第一个空表示“特指”洛杉矶之旅，故用定冠词the；第二个空make a list of意为“把……列成一张表”，表示数量为“一”，用不定冠词a。

故选择C。

22. (2018山东潍坊)Students here often do physics experiments _______small groups.A. byB. inC. forD. at22. B 【解析】考查介词用法。

句意：这里的学生经常以小组的形式进行物理实验。

“(表示手段、方法、材料)用，以”用介词in。

【英语】2018年潍坊市中考英语试题精校版

【关键字】英语2018年潍坊市中考英语试题（五）听一段独白，根据所听内容补全下列文段。

每空一词，独白读两遍。

Lisa, a 1 -year-old girl, goes to her father’s toy shop after school every 2 .On that day excited kids and babies are busy playing with the toys in their shop, so it’s always quite 3 there. Lisa has to watch carefully and make sure nobody 4 the toys. This often makes her feel 5 , but she has fun helping her father.二、单项选择（共8小题；每小题1分，满分8分）从下列各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项21. To prepare for________ trip to LA, Betty is making_______ list of things to take along.A. the: theB. 不填:aC. the: aD. a; 不填21. C 【解析】考查冠词用法。

第一个空表示“特指”洛杉矶之旅，故用定冠词the；第二个空make a list of意为“把……列成一张表”，表示数量为“一”，用不定冠词a。

故选择C。

22. Students here often do physics experiments _______small groups.A. byB. inC. forD. at22. B 【解析】考查介词用法。

句意：这里的学生经常以小组的形式进行物理实验。

“(表示手段、方法、材料)用，以”用介词in。

选择B。

23.The Three Gorges Dam produces________ for millions of people in China.A. electricityB. influenceC. transportD. technology23.A【解析】考查名词辨析。

2018年潍坊市中考英语试卷及答案

2017年山东省潍坊市初中学业水平考试英语试卷1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。

第Ⅰ卷75分，第Ⅱ卷45分，共120分，考试时间为120分钟：2．请在答卷前先把自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目和试卷类型涂写在答题卡上。

考试结束时，试卷和答题卡一并交回；b5E2RGbCAP3．请将第Ⅰ卷选择题答案标号用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上，一定要看清题号并且涂得清楚。

第Ⅰ卷<共75分）一、听力测试<共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）<一）听句子，选择适当答语，每个句子读两遍。

1．A．I'm line．B．It's fine．C．He's fine．2．A．Kind．B．De1icious．C．Funny．3．A．Yes，I do．B．No, thanks．C．Sorry, I'm new here．4．A．This is Betty speaking．B．Hold on，please．C．She is at home．5．A．Yes，they are．B．Take it away, please．C．I'm sorry to hear that．<二）听对话和问题，选择符合每个问题答案的图面，每段对话和问题读两遍。

6．7．8．9．10．<三）听对话，根据对话内容选择每个问题的最佳答案，对话和问题读两遍。

听第一段对话，回答第11、12题。

11．In fact, what time did the man show his ticket?A．At2：25．B．At 2：30．C．At 2：35．12．Why was the man late for the train?A．Because the train left earlier．B．Because he didn't know the time．C．Because there was something wrong with theclock．p1EanqFDPw听第二段对话，回答第13、14、15题。

【精品】2018年山东省潍坊市中考试题及答案汇总(9份)(word解析版)

【精品】2018年潍坊市中考试题及答案汇总(9份)目录2018年潍坊市中考数学试卷以及答案~~~~~~~~~~~22018年潍坊市中考英语试卷以及答案~~~~~~~~~~~242018年潍坊市中考语文试卷以及答案~~~~~~~~~~~342018年潍坊市中考物理试卷以及答案~~~~~~~~~~~472018年潍坊市中考化学试卷以及答案~~~~~~~~~~~632018年潍坊市中考生物试卷以及答案~~~~~~~~~~~712018年潍坊市中考思想品德试卷以及答案~~~~~~~792018年潍坊市中考历史试卷以及答案~~~~~~~~~~~862018年潍坊市中考地理试卷以及答案~~~~~~~~~~~922018年潍坊市初中学业水平考试数学试题一、选择题1. ( )A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】分析：根据绝对值的性质解答即可．详解：|1-|=．故选B．点睛：此题考查了绝对值的性质：一个正数的绝对值是它本身；一个负数的绝对值是它的相反数；0的绝对值是0．2. 生物学家发现了某种花粉的直径约为0.0000036毫米,数据0.000036用科学记数法表示正确的是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】分析：绝对值小于1的正数用科学记数法表示，一般形式为a×10-n，与较大数的科学记数法不同的是其所使用的是负指数幂，指数由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定．详解：0.0000036=3.6×10-6；故选C．点睛：本题考查用科学记数法表示较小的数，一般形式为a×10-n，其中1≤|a|＜10，n为由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定．3. 如图所示的几何体的左视图是( )A. （A）B. （B）C. （C）D. （D）【答案】D【解析】分析：找到从左面看所得到的图形即可，注意所有的看到的棱都应表现在左视图中．详解：从左面看可得矩形中间有一条横着的虚线．故选D．点睛：本题考查了三视图的知识，左视图是从物体的左面看得到的视图．4. 下列计算正确的是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】C详解：A、a2•a3=a5，故A错误；B、a3÷a=a2，故B错误；C、a-（b-a）=2a-b，故C正确；D、（-a）3=-a3，故D错误．故选C．点睛：本题考查合并同类项、积的乘方、同底数幂的乘除法，熟练掌握运算性质和法则是解题的关键．5. 把一副三角板放在同一水平桌面上,摆放成如图所示的形状,使两个直角顶点重合,两条斜边平行,则的度数是( )A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】分析：直接利用平行线的性质结合已知角得出答案．详解：作直线l平行于直角三角板的斜边，可得：∠2=∠3=45°，∠3=∠4=30°，故∠1的度数是：45°+30°=75°．故选C．点睛：此题主要考查了平行线的性质，正确作出辅助线是解题关键．6. 如图,木工师傅在板材边角处作直角时,往往使用“三弧法”,其作法是：（1）作线段,分别以为圆心,以长为半径作弧,两弧的交点为；（2）以为圆心,仍以长为半径作弧交的延长线于点；（3）连接下列说法不正确的是( )A. B.C. 点是的外心D.【答案】D【解析】分析：根据等边三角形的判定方法，直角三角形的判定方法以及等边三角形的性质，直角三角形的性质一一判断即可；详解：由作图可知：AC=AB=BC，∴△ABC是等边三角形，由作图可知：CB=CA=CD，∴点C是△ABD的外心，∠ABD=90°，BD=AB，∴S△ABD=AB2，∵AC=CD，∴S△BDC=AB2，故A、B、C正确，故选D．点睛：本题考查作图-基本作图，线段的垂直平分线的性质，三角形的外心等知识，直角三角形等知识，解题的关键是灵活运用所学知识解决问题，属于中考常考题型．7. 某篮球队10名队员的年龄结构如下表,已知该队队员年龄的中位数为21．5,则众数与方差分别为( )A. 22,3B. 22,4C. 21,3D. 21,4【答案】D【解析】分析：先根据数据的总个数及中位数得出x=3、y=2，再利用众数和方差的定义求解可得．详解：∵共有10个数据，∴x+y=5，又该队队员年龄的中位数为21.5，即，∴x=3、y=2，则这组数据的众数为21，平均数为=22，故选D．点睛：本题主要考查中位数、众数、方差，解题的关键是根据中位数的定义得出x、y的值及方差的计算公式．8. 在平面直角坐标系中,点是线段上一点,以原点为位似中心把放大到原来的两倍,则点的对应点的坐标为( )A. B. 或C. D. 或【答案】B【解析】分析：根据位似变换的性质计算即可．详解：点P（m，n）是线段AB上一点，以原点O为位似中心把△AOB放大到原来的两倍，则点P的对应点的坐标为（m×2，n×2）或（m×（-2），n×（-2）），即（2m，2n）或（-2m，-2n），故选B．点睛：本题考查的是位似变换、坐标与图形的性质，在平面直角坐标系中，如果位似变换是以原点为位似中心，相似比为k，那么位似图形对应点的坐标的比等于k或-k．9. 已知二次函数(为常数),当自变量的值满足时,与其对应的函数值的最大值为-1,则的值为( )A. 3或6B. 1或6C. 1或3D. 4或6【答案】B【解析】分析：分h＜2、2≤h≤5和h＞5三种情况考虑：当h＜2时，根据二次函数的性质可得出关于h的一元二次方程，解之即可得出结论；当2≤h≤5时，由此时函数的最大值为0与题意不符，可得出该情况不存在；当h＞5时，根据二次函数的性质可得出关于h的一元二次方程，解之即可得出结论．综上即可得出结论．详解：如图，当h＜2时，有-（2-h）2=-1，解得：h1=1，h2=3（舍去）；当2≤h≤5时，y=-（x-h）2的最大值为0，不符合题意；当h＞5时，有-（5-h）2=-1，解得：h3=4（舍去），h4=6．综上所述：h的值为1或6．故选B．点睛：本题考查了二次函数的最值以及二次函数的性质，分h＜2、2≤h≤5和h＞5三种情况求出h值是解题的关键．10. 在平面内由极点、极轴和极径组成的坐标系叫做极坐标系如图,在平面上取定一点称为极点；从点出发引一条射线称为极轴；线段的长度称为极径点的极坐标就可以用线段的长度以及从转动到的角度(规定逆时针方向转动角度为正)来确定，即或或等,则点关于点成中心对称的点的极坐标表示不正确的是( )A. B.C. D.【答案】D【解析】分析：根据中心对称的性质解答即可．详解：∵P（3，60°）或P（3，-300°）或P（3，420°），由点P关于点O成中心对称的点Q可得：点Q的极坐标为（3，240°），（3，-120°），（3，600°），故选D．点睛：此题考查中心对称的问题，关键是根据中心对称的性质解答．11. 已知关于的一元二次方程有两个不相等的实数根，若,则的值是( )A. 2B. -1C. 2或-1D. 不存在【答案】A【解析】分析：先由二次项系数非零及根的判别式△＞0，得出关于m的不等式组，解之得出m的取值范围，再根据根与系数的关系可得出x1+x2=，x1x2=，结合，即可求出m的值．详解：∵关于x的一元二次方程mx2-（m+2）x+=0有两个不相等的实数根x1、x2，∴，解得：m＞-1且m≠0．∵x1、x2是方程mx2-（m+2）x+=0的两个实数根，∴x1+x2=，x1x2=，∵，∴=4m，∴m=2或-1，∵m＞-1，∴m=2．故选A．点睛：本题考查了根与系数的关系、一元二次方程的定义以及根的判别式，解题的关键是：（1）根据二次项系数非零及根的判别式△＞0，找出关于m的不等式组；（2）牢记两根之和等于-、两根之积等于．12. 如图,菱形的边长是4厘米,,动点以1厘米/秒的速度自点出发沿方向运动至点停止,动点以2厘米/秒的速度自点出发沿折线运动至点停止若点同时出发运动了秒,记的面积为,下面图象中能表示与之间的函数关系的是( )A. （A）B. （B）C. （C）D. （D）【答案】D【解析】分析：应根据0≤t＜2和2≤t＜4两种情况进行讨论．把t当作已知数值，就可以求出S，从而得到函数的解析式，进一步即可求解．详解：当0≤t＜2时，S=2t××（4-t）=-t2+4t；当2≤t＜4时，S=4××（4-t）=-2t+8；只有选项D的图形符合．故选D．点睛：本题主要考查了动点问题的函数图象，利用图形的关系求函数的解析式，注意数形结合是解决本题的关键．二、填空题(本大题共6小题,共18分,只要求填写最后结果,每小题填对得3分)13. 因式分解:____________．【答案】【解析】分析：通过提取公因式（x+2）进行因式分解．详解：原式=（x+2）（x-1）．故答案是：（x+2）（x-1）．点睛：考查了因式分解-提公因式法：如果一个多项式的各项有公因式，可以把这个公因式提出来，从而将多项式化成两个因式乘积的形式，这种分解因式的方法叫做提公因式法．14. 当____________时,解分式方程会出现增根．【答案】2【解析】分析：分式方程的增根是分式方程转化为整式方程的根，且使分式方程的分母为0的未知数的值．详解：分式方程可化为：x-5=-m，由分母可知，分式方程的增根是3，当x=3时，3-5=-m，解得m=2，故答案为：2．点睛：本题考查了分式方程的增根．增根问题可按如下步骤进行：①让最简公分母为0确定增根；②化分式方程为整式方程；③把增根代入整式方程即可求得相关字母的值．15. 用教材中的计算器进行计算,开机后依次按下．把显示结果输人下侧的程序中,则输出的结果是____________．【答案】34+9．【解析】分析：先根据计算器计算出输入的值，再根据程序框图列出算式，继而根据二次根式的混合运算计算可得．详解：由题意知输入的值为32=9，则输出的结果为[（9+3）-]×（3+）=（12-）×（3+）=36+12-3-2=34+9，故答案为：34+9．点睛：本题主要考查计算器-基础知识，解题的关键是根据程序框图列出算式，并熟练掌握二次根式的混合运算顺序和运算法则．16. 如图,正方形的边长为1,点与原点重合,点在轴的正半轴上，点在轴的负半轴上将正方形绕点逆时针旋转至正方形的位置,与相交于点,则的坐标为____________．【答案】【解析】分析：连接AM，由旋转性质知AD=AB′=1、∠BAB′=30°、∠B′AD=60°，证Rt△ADM≌Rt△AB′M 得∠DAM=∠B′AD=30°，由DM=ADtan∠DAM可得答案．详解：如图，连接AM，∵将边长为1的正方形ABCD绕点A逆时针旋转30°得到正方形AB'C′D′，∴AD=AB′=1，∠BAB′=30°，∴∠B′AD=60°，在Rt△ADM和Rt△AB′M中，∵，∴Rt△ADM≌Rt△AB′M（HL），∴∠DAM=∠B′AM=∠B′AD=30°，∴DM=ADtan∠DAM=1×=，∴点M的坐标为（-1，），故答案为：（-1，）．点睛：本题主要考查旋转的性质、正方形的性质，解题的关键是掌握旋转变换的不变性与正方形的性质、全等三角形的判定与性质及三角函数的应用．17. 如图,点的坐标为,过点作不轴的垂线交直于点以原点为圆心,的长为半径断弧交轴正半轴于点；再过点作轴的垂线交直线于点,以原点为圆心,以的长为半径画弧交轴正半轴于点；…按此作法进行下去,则的长是____________．【答案】【解析】分析：先根据一次函数方程式求出B1点的坐标，再根据B1点的坐标求出A2点的坐标，得出B2的坐标，以此类推总结规律便可求出点A2019的坐标，再根据弧长公式计算即可求解，．详解：直线y=x，点A1坐标为（2，0），过点A1作x轴的垂线交直线于点B1可知B1点的坐标为（2，2），以原O为圆心，OB1长为半径画弧x轴于点A2，OA2=OB1，OA2=，点A2的坐标为（4，0），这种方法可求得B2的坐标为（4，4），故点A3的坐标为（8，0），B3（8，8）以此类推便可求出点A2019的坐标为（22019，0），则的长是．故答案为：．点睛：本题主要考查了一次函数图象上点的坐标特征，做题时要注意数形结合思想的运用，是各地的中考热点，学生在平常要多加训练，属于中档题．18. 如图．一-艘渔船正以60海里/小时的速度向正东方向航行,在处测得岛礁在东北方向上，继续航行1．5小时后到达处此时测得岛礁在北偏东方向,同时测得岛礁正东方向上的避风港在北偏东方向为了在台风到来之前用最短时间到达处,渔船立刻加速以75海里/小时的速度继续航行____________小时即可到达(结果保留根号)【答案】.【解析】分析：如图，过点P作PQ⊥AB交AB延长线于点Q，过点M作MN⊥AB交AB延长线于点N，通过解直角△AQP、直角△BPQ求得PQ的长度，即MN的长度，然后通过解直角△BMN求得BM的长度，则易得所需时间．详解：如图，过点P作PQ⊥AB交AB延长线于点Q，过点M作MN⊥AB交AB延长线于点N，在直角△AQP中，∠PAQ=45°，则AQ=PQ=60×1.5+BQ=90+BQ（海里），所以BQ=PQ-90．在直角△BPQ中，∠BPQ=30°，则BQ=PQ•tan30°=PQ（海里），所以PQ-90=PQ，所以PQ=45（3+）（海里）所以MN=PQ=45（3+）（海里）在直角△BMN中，∠MBN=30°，所以BM=2MN=90（3+）（海里）所以（小时）故答案是：．点睛：本题考查的是解直角三角形的应用，此题是一道方向角问题，结合航海中的实际问题，将解直角三角形的相关知识有机结合，体现了数学应用于实际生活的思想．三、解答题19. 如图,直线与反比例函数的图象相交于,两点,连接．(1)求和的值；(2)求的面积．【答案】(1)，；(2)．【解析】分析：（1）先求出B点的坐标，再代入反比例函数解析式求出即可；（2）先求出直线与x轴、y轴的交点坐标，再求出即可．详解：(1)点在直线上,,解得，，反比例函数的图象也经过点，,解得；(2)设直线分别与轴,轴相交于点,点，当时,即,，当时,，，点在直线上，．即，．点睛：本题考查了用待定系数法求反比例函数的解析式，反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题、函数图象上点的坐标特征等知识点，能求出反比例函数的解析式是解此题的关键．20. 如图,点是正方形边上一点,连接,作于点,手点,连接．(1)求证:；(2已知,四边形的面积为24,求的正弦值．【答案】(1)证明见解析；(2)．【解析】分析：（1）通过证明△ABF≌△DEA得到BF=AE；（2）设AE=x，则BF=x，DE=AF=2，利用四边形ABED的面积等于△ABE的面积与△ADE的面积之和得到•x•x+•x•2=24，解方程求出x得到AE=BF=6，则EF=x-2=4，然后利用勾股定理计算出BE，最后利用正弦的定义求解．详（1）证明：∵四边形ABCD为正方形，∴BA=AD，∠BAD=90°，∵DE⊥AM于点E，BF⊥AM于点F，∴∠AFB=90°，∠DEA=90°，∵∠ABF+∠BAF=90°，∠EAD+∠BAF=90°，∴∠ABF=∠EAD，在△ABF和△DEA中，∴△ABF≌△DEA（AAS），∴BF=AE；（2）解：设AE=x，则BF=x，DE=AF=2，∵四边形ABED的面积为24，∴•x•x+•x•2=24，解得x1=6，x2=-8（舍去），∴EF=x-2=4，在Rt△BEF中，BE=，∴sin∠EBF=．点睛：本题考查了正方形的性质：正方形的四条边都相等，四个角都是直角；正方形具有四边形、平行四边形、矩形、菱形的一切性质．会运用全等三角形的知识解决线段相等的问题．也考查了解直角三角形．21. 为进一步提高全民“节约用水”意识,某学校组织学生进行家庭月用水量情况调查活动，小莹随机抽查了所住小区户家庭的月用水量,绘制了下面不完整的统计图．(1)求并补全条形统计图；(2)求这户家庭的月平均用水量；并估计小莹所住小区420户家庭中月用水量低于月平均用水量的家庭户数；(3)从月用水量为和的家庭中任选两户进行用水情况问卷调查,求选出的两户中月用水量为和恰好各有一户家庭的概率．【答案】（1）n=20，补全条形图见解析；（2）这20户家庭的月平均用水量为6.95立方米，小莹所住小区月用水量低于的家庭户数为231；(3)，【解析】分析：（1）根据月用水量为9m3和10m3的户数及其所占百分比可得总户数，再求出5m3和8m3的户数即可补全图形；（2）根据加权平均数的定义计算可得月平均用水量，再用总户数乘以样本中低于月平均用水量的家庭户数所占比例可得；（3）列表得出所有等可能结果，从中找到满足条件的结果数，根据概率公式计算可得．详解：（1）n=（3+2）÷25%=20，月用水量为8m3的户数为20×55%-7=4户，月用水量为5m3的户数为20-（2+7+4+3+2）=2户，补全图形如下：（2）这20户家庭的月平均用水量为=6.95（m3），因为月用水量低于6.95m3的有11户，所以估计小莹所住小区420户家庭中月用水量低于6.95m3的家庭户数为420×=231户；（3）月用水量为5m3的两户家庭记为a、b，月用水量为9m3的3户家庭记为c、d、e，列表如下：由表可知，共有20种等可能结果，其中满足条件的共有12种情况，所以选出的两户中月用水量为5m3和9m3恰好各有一户家庭的概率为．点睛：本题考查了列表法与树状图法：利用列表法或树状图法展示所有等可能的结果n，再从中选出符合事件A或B的结果数目m，然后利用概率公式求事件A或B的概率．也考查了统计图和用样本估计总体．22. 如图,为外接圆的直径,且．(1)求证:与相切于点；(2)若,,求的长．【答案】（1）证明见解析；（2）AD=．【解析】分析：（1）连接OA，根据同圆的半径相等可得：∠D=∠DAO，由同弧所对的圆周角相等及已知得：∠BAE=∠DAO，再由直径所对的圆周角是直角得：∠BAD=90°，可得结论；（2）先证明OA⊥BC，由垂径定理得：，FB=BC，根据勾股定理计算AF、OB、AD的长即可．详解：证明：（1）连接OA，交BC于F，则OA=OB，∴∠D=∠DAO，∵∠D=∠C，∴∠C=∠DAO，∵∠BAE=∠C，∴∠BAE=∠DAO，∵BD是⊙O的直径，∴∠BAD=90°，即∠DAO+∠BAO=90°，∴∠BAE+∠BAO=90°，即∠OAE=90°，∴AE⊥OA，∴AE与⊙O相切于点A；（2）∵AE∥BC，AE⊥OA，∴OA⊥BC，∴，FB=BC，∴AB=AC，∵BC=2，AC=2，∴BF=，AB=2，在Rt△ABF中，AF=，在Rt△OFB中，OB2=BF2+（OB-AF）2，∴OB=4，∴BD=8，∴在Rt△ABD中，AD=．点睛：本题考查了圆的切线的判定、勾股定理及垂径定理的应用，属于基础题，熟练掌握切线的判定方法是关键：有切线时，常常“遇到切点连圆心得半径，证垂直”．23. 为落实“绿水青山就是金山银山”的发展理念,某市政部门招标一工程队负责在山脚下修建一座水库的土方施工任务．该工程队有两种型号的挖掘机,已知3台型和5台型挖掘机同时施工一小时挖土165立方米；4台型和7台型挖掘机同时施工一小时挖土225立方米．每台型挖掘机一小时的施工费用为300元,每台型挖掘机一小时的施工费用为180元．(1)分别求每台型, 型挖掘机一小时挖土多少立方米?(2)若不同数量的型和型挖掘机共12台同时施工4小时,至少完成1080立方米的挖土量,且总费用不超过12960元．问施工时有哪几种调配方案,并指出哪种调配方案的施工费用最低,最低费用是多少元?【答案】（1）每台型挖掘机一小时挖土30立方米,每台型挖据机一小时挖土15立方米；（2）共有三种调配方案．方案一: 型挖据机7台,型挖掘机5台；方案二: 型挖掘机8台,型挖掘机4台；方案三: 型挖掘机9台,型挖掘机3台．当A型挖掘机7台, 型挖掘机5台的施工费用最低,最低费用为12000元．【解析】分析：（1）根据题意列出方程组即可；（2）利用总费用不超过12960元求出方案数量，再利用一次函数增减性求出最低费用．详解：(1)设每台型,型挖掘机一小时分别挖土立方米和立方米,根据题意,得解得所以,每台型挖掘机一小时挖土30立方米,每台型挖据机一小时挖土15立方米．(2)设型挖掘机有台,总费用为元,则型挖据机有台．根据题意,得，因为，解得，又因为,解得,所以．所以,共有三种调配方案．方案一:当时,,即型挖据机7台,型挖掘机5台；案二:当时,,即型挖掘机8台,型挖掘机4台；方案三:当时,,即型挖掘机9台,型挖掘机3台．,由一次函数的性质可知,随的减小而减小,当时，，此时型挖掘机7台, 型挖掘机5台的施工费用最低,最低费用为12000元．点睛：本题考查了二元一次方程组和一次函数增减性，解答时先根据题意确定自变量取值范围，再应用一次函数性质解答问题．24. 如图1,在中,于点的垂直平分线交于点,交于点,，．(1)如图2,作于点,交于点,将沿方向平移,得到，连接．①求四边形的面积；②直线上有一动点,求周长的最小值．(2)如图3．延长交于点．过点作,过边上的动点作,并与交于点,将沿直线翻折,使点的对应点恰好落在直线上,求线段的长．【答案】(1)①；②周长的最小值为9；(2)的长为或．【解析】分析：（1）①根据相似三角形的判定和性质以及平移的性质进行解答即可；②连接CM交直线EF于点N，连接DN，利用勾股定理解答即可；（2）分点P在线段CE上和点P在线段ED上两种情况进行解答．详解：（1）①在▱ABCD中，AB=6，直线EF垂直平分CD，∴DE=FH=3，又BF：FA=1：5，∴AH=2，∵Rt△AHD∽Rt△MHF，∴，即，∴HM=1.5，根据平移的性质，MM'=CD=6，连接BM，如图1，四边形BHMM′的面积=×6×1.5+×4×1.5＝7.5；②连接CM交直线EF于点N，连接DN，如图2，∵直线EF垂直平分CD，∴CN=DN，∵MH=1.5，∴DM=2.5，在Rt△CDM中，MC2=DC2+DM2，∴MC2=62+（2.5）2，即MC=6.5，∵MN+DN=MN+CN=MC，∴△DNM周长的最小值为9．（2）∵BF∥CE，∴，∴QF=2，∴PK=PK'=6，过点K'作E'F'∥EF，分别交CD于点E'，交QK于点F'，如图3，当点P在线段CE上时，在Rt△PK'E'中，PE'2=PK'2-E'K'2，∴PE′＝2，∵Rt△PE'K'∽Rt△K'F'Q，∴，即，解得：QF′＝，∴PE=PE'-EE'=2−＝，∴CP＝，同理可得，当点P在线段DE上时，CP′＝，如图4，综上所述，CP的长为或．点睛：此题考查四边形的综合题，关键是根据相似三角形的性质和平移的性质解答，注意（2）分两种情况分析．25. 如图1,抛物线与轴交于点和点,与轴交于点,抛物线的顶点为轴于点．将抛物线平移后得到顶点为且对称轴为直的抛物线．(1)求抛物线的解析式；(2)如图2,在直线上是否存在点,使是等腰三角形?若存在,请求出所有点的坐标:若不存在,请说明理由；(3)点为抛物线上一动点,过点作轴的平行线交抛物线于点，点关于直线的对称点为，若以为顶点的三角形与全等,求直线的解析式．【答案】（1）抛物线的解析式为；（2）点的坐标为,,；（3）的解析式为或.【解析】分析：（1）把和代入求出a、c的值，进而求出y1，再根据平移得出y2即可；（2）抛物线的对称轴为,设,已知，过点作轴于,分三种情况时行讨论等腰三角形的底和腰，得到关于t的方程，解方程即可；（3）设,则,根据对称性得,分点在直线的左侧或右侧时,结合以构成的三角形与全等求解即可.详解:(1)由题意知，，解得，所以,抛物线y的解析式为；因为抛物线平移后得到抛物线,且顶点为，所以抛物线的解析式为，即；(2)抛物线的对称轴为,设,已知，过点作轴于,则，，，当时，即，解得或；当时,得，无解；当时,得,解得;综上可知,在抛物线的对称轴上存在点使是等腰三角形,此时点的坐标为,,.(3)设,则,因为关于对称,所以,情况一:当点在直线的左侧时,,,又因为以构成的三角形与全等,当且时,,可求得,即点与点重合所以,设的解析式,则有解得,即的解析式为,当且时,无解,情况二:当点在直线右侧时,,,同理可得的解析式为,综上所述, 的解析式为或.点睛：本题主要考查了二次函数综合题，此题涉及到待定系数法求函数解析式、等腰三角形的判定与性质、全等三角形的性质等知识，解答（1）问的关键是求出a、c的值，解答（2）、（3）问的关键是正确地作出图形，进行分类讨论解答，此题有一定的难度．绝密★试卷类型A山东省2018年中考英语试题亲爱的同学，伴随着考试的开始，你又走到了一个人生驿站。