2010华东师范大学宏观经济学期末考试试题
宏观经济学期末考试试卷(附答案)
一、[请单击此处编辑题目] (每小题分，共分)一、选择题(本题包含30小题，每题？分，共？分)1．Real GDPa. evaluates current production at current prices.b. evaluates current production at the prices that prevailed in some specific year inthe past.c. is not a valid measure of the economy's performance, since prices change from yearto year.d. is a measure of the value of goods only, hence, it excludes the value of services.2．The steps involved in calculating the consumer price index include, in order:a. choose a base year, fix the basket, compute the inflation rate, compute the basket'scost, and compute the index.b. choose a base year, find the prices, fix the basket, compute the basket's cost, andcompute the index.c. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the basket's cost, choose a base year andcompute the index.d. fix the basket, find the prices, compute the inflation rate, choose a base year andcompute the index.3．Suppose the price of a quart of milk rises from $1 to $1.25 and the price of a T-shirt rises from $8 to $10. If the CPI rises from 150 to 175 people will likely buya. more milk and more T-shirts.b. more milk and fewer T-shirts.c. less milk and more T-shirts.d. less milk and fewer T-shirts.4．Which of the following is correct?a. Countries with the highest growth rates over the last 100 years are the ones thathad the highest level of real GDP 100 years ago.b. Most countries have had little fluctuation around their average growth ratesduring the past 100 years.c. The ranking of countries by income changes substantially over time.d. Over the last 100 years, Japan had the highest real GDP growth rate, and now has the highest real GDPper person.5．Using the production function and notation in the text, K/L measuresa. natural resources per worker.b. human capital per worker.c. output per worker.d. physical capital per worker.6．Index fundsa. typically have about the same rate of return as more actively managed funds.b. typically have lower rates of return than more actively managed funds.c. contain the stocks and bonds from a single Standard Index Classification of industry.d. typically have higher rates of return than more actively managed funds.7．In a closed economy, national saving equalsa. investment.b. income minus the sum of consumption and government expenditures.c. private saving plus public saving.d. All of the above are correct.8．At which interest rate is the present value of $162.24 two years from today equal to $150 today?a. 4 percentb. 5 percentc. 6 percentd. None of the above are correct to the nearest penny.9．Which of the following is incorrect?a. Frictional unemployment is inevitable in a dynamic economy.b. Although the unemployment created by sectoral shifts is unfortunate, in the long run such changes leadto higher productivity and higher living standards.c. At least 10 percent of U.S. manufacturing jobs are destroyed every year.d. In a typical month more than 5 percent of workers leave their jobs.10．Use the balance sheet for the following question.Last Bank of Cedar BendAssets LiabilitiesReserves $25,000 Deposits $150,000Loans $125,000If the reserve requirement is 10 percent, this banka. is in a position to make a new loan of $15,000.b. has less reserves than required.c. has excess reserves of less than $15,000.d. None of the above are correct.11．Which of the following lists ranks the Fed's monetary policy tools from most to least frequently used?a. discount rate changes, reserve requirement changes, open market transactionsb. reserve requirement changes, open market transactions, discount rate changesc. open market transactions, discount rate changes, reserve requirement changesd. None of the above lists ranks the tools correctly.12．A decrease in the money supply creates an excessa. supply of money that is eliminated by rising prices.b. supply of money that is eliminated by falling prices.c. demand for money that is eliminated by rising prices.d. demand for money that is eliminated by falling prices.13．Given a nominal interest rate of 6 percent, in which case would you earn the lowest after-tax real rate of interest?a. Inflation is 4 percent; the tax rate is 25 percent.b. Inflation is 3 percent; the tax rate is 20 percent.c. Inflation is 2 percent; the tax rate is 15 percent.d. The after-tax real interest rate is the same for all of the above.14．In recent years, U.S. net capital outflow wasa. positive and net exports were negative.b. positive and net exports were positive.c. negative and net exports were negative.d. negative and net exports were positive.15．If a country has business opportunities that are relatively attractive to other countries, we would expect it to havea. both positive net exports and positive net capital outflow.b. both negative net exports and negative net capital outflow.c. positive net exports and negative net capital outflow.d. negative net exports and positive net capital outflow.16．On behalf of your firm, you make frequent trips to Hong Kong. You notice that you always have to pay more dollars to get enough local currency to get your hair styled than you have to pay to get your hair styled in the United States. This isa. inconsistent with purchasing-power parity, but might be explained by limited opportunities forarbitrage in hairstyling across international borders.b. consistent with purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising more rapidly than prices inthe United States.c. consistent with purchasing-power parity if prices in Hong Kong are rising less rapidly than prices in theUnited States.d. None of the above is correct.17．Ceteris paribus, if the Canadian real interest rate were to increase, Canadian net capital outflowa. and net capital outflow of other countries would rise.b. and net capital outflow of other countries would fall.c. would rise, while net capital outflow of other countries would fall.d. would fall, while net capital outflow of other countries would rise.18．If a government increases its budget deficit, then the real exchange ratea. and domestic investment rise.b. and domestic investment fall.c. rises and domestic investment falls.d. falls and domestic investment rises.19．Which of the following is the correct way to show the effects of a new import quota?a. shift the demand for loanable funds right, the supply of dollars for foreign exchange right, and thedemand for dollars leftb. shift the demand for loanable funds right, and the supply of dollars for foreign exchange leftc. shift the demand for dollars for foreign exchange leftd. None of the above is correct.20．A large and sudden movement of funds out of a country is calleda. arbitrage.b. capital flight.c. crowding out.d. capital mobility.21．Aggregate demand shifts right when the governmenta. raises personal income taxes.b. increases the money supply.c. repeals an investment tax credit.d. All of the above are correct.22．If people want to save more for retirementa. or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts right.b. or if the government raises taxes, aggregate demand shifts left.c. aggregate demand shifts right. If the government raises taxes, aggregate demandshifts left.d. aggregate demand shifts left. If the government raises taxes, aggregate demandshifts right.23．n the mid-1970s the price of oil rose dramatically. Thisa. shifted aggregate supply left.b. caused U.S. prices to fall.c. was the consequence of OPEC increasing oil production.d. All of the above are correct.24．Liquidity refers toa. the relation between the price and interest rate of an asset.b. the risk of an asset relative to its selling price.c. the ease with which an asset is converted into a medium of exchange.d. the sensitivity of investment spending to changes in the interest rate. 25．When the interest rate increases, the opportunity cost of holding moneya. increases, so the quantity of money demanded increases.b. increases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.c. decreases, so the quantity of money demanded increases.d. decreases, so the quantity of money demanded decreases.26．Which of the following properly describes the interest rate effect?a. As the money supply increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises.b. As the money supply increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls.c. As the price level increases, the interest rate falls, so spending rises.d. As the price level increases, the interest rate rises, so spending falls.27．An increase in government spending initially and primarily shiftsa. aggregate demand right.b. aggregate demand left.c. aggregate supply right.d. neither aggregate demand nor aggregate supply.28．The reduction in demand that results when a fiscal expansion raises the interest rate is called thea. multiplier effect.b. crowding-out effect.c. accelerator effect.d. Riccardian equivalence effect.29．One determinant of the natural rate of unemployment is thea. rate of growth of the money supply.b. minimum wage rate.c. expected inflation rate.d. All of the above are correct.30．An increase in the expected rate of inflation shiftsa. only the short-run Phillips curve right.b. only the short-run Phillips curve left.c. both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the right.d. both the short-run and long-run Phillips curves to the left.二、判断题(本题包含20小题，每题？分，共？分)T 31．If nominal GDP is 10,000 and real GDP is 8,000 the GDP deflator is 125.F 32．International data on the history of real GDP growth rates shows that the rich countriesget richer and the poor countries get poorer.T 33．One of the reasons that African countries may have grown slower than other countries is that many have high barriers to trade.F 34．When the U.S. government is in debt, it follows that they have a deficit.F 35．The future value of $1 saved today is $1/(1 + r).T 36．The market for insurance is one example of reducing risk by using diversification.F 37．Someone who is without work but is not looking for work would be counted asunemployed by the BLS.T 38．Union workers earn about 10 percent to 20 percent more than similar workers who do not belong to unions.F 39．Because of the multiple tools at its disposal, the Fed is precise in its control of themoney supply.T 40．Inflation distorts savings because people pay taxes on their nominal rather than their real interest income.T 41．In an open economy, U.S. national savings can be less than U.S. investment.F 42．If the real interest rate were above the equilibrium rate, there would be a shortage ofloanable funds.T 43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affect specific firms and industries.T 44．When output rises, unemployment falls.F 45．The explanations for the slopes of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curvesare the same as the explanations for the slope of demand and supply curves forspecific goods and services.T 46．A decrease in the price level makes consumers feel wealthier, so they purchase more. This logic helps explain why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward.T 47．In liquidity preference theory, an increase in the interest rate decreases the quantity of money demanded, but does not shift the money demand curve.T 48．In principle the government could increase the money supply or government expenditures to try to offset the effects of a wave of pessimism about the future of the economy.F 49．In the long run, the natural rate of unemployment depends primarily on the growth rate of the moneysupply.F 50．A policy change that reduced the natural rate of unemployment would shift both the long-runaggregate-supply curve and the long-run Phillips curve left.三、名词解释(本题包含5小题，每题？分，共？分)51．human capital:52．exports:53．trade policy:54．aggregate-demand curve:55．crowding-out effect:四、简答题(本题包含8小题，每题？分，共？分)56．Why is productivity related to the standard of living? In your answer be sure to explain what productivity and standard of living mean. Make a list of things that determine labor productivity.57．Draw and label a graph showing equilibrium in the market for loanable funds.58．Founders of the Federal Reserve were concerned that the Fed might form policy favorable to one part of the country or to a particular party. What are some ways that the organization of the Fed reflects suchconcerns?59．Suppose that monetary neutrality holds. Of the following variables, which ones do not change when the money supply increases?a. real interest ratesb. inflationc. the price leveld. real outpute. real wagesf. nominal wages60．The long-run trend in real GDP is upward. How is this possible given business cycles?What explains the upward trend?61．Discuss what economists believe is different about the long and short run.62．Suppose that consumers become pessimistic about the future health of the economy, andso cut back on their consumption spending. What will happen to aggregate demandand to output? What might the president and Congress have to do to keep outputstable?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?参考答案1.b2.c3.d4.c5.d6.d7.d8.a9.d 10.c 11.c 12.d 13.a 14.c 15.b 16.a 17.d 18.c 19.d 20.b 21.b 22.b 23.a 24.c25.b 26.d 27.a 28.b 29.b 30.a31.T 32.F 33.T 34.F 35.F 36.T 37.F 38.T 39.F 40.T 41.T 42.F 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.F 50.F51.the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience.52.goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad.53.a government policy that directly influences the quantity of goods and services thata country imports or exports.54.a curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at each price level.55.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.56.The standard of living is a measure of how well people live. Income per person is animportant dimension of the standard of living and is positively correlated with other things such as nutrition and life expectancy that make people better off. Productivity measures how much people can produce in an hour. As productivity increases, people can produce more (and use less to produce the same amount) and so their standard of living increases.The factors that determine labor productivity include the amounts of physical capital (equipment and structures), human capital (knowledge and skills), and natural resources available to workers, as well as the state of technological knowledge insociety.57.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. The president appoints the Board of Governors, but the Senate must approve them.2. The seven members of the Board of Governors serve 14-year terms, so it is unlikelythat a single president will have appointed most of them.3. The Federal Reserve has 12 regional banks.4. The presidents of the regional banks serve on the FOMC on a rotating basis. 59. a. real interest ratesd. real outputd. real wages60.There are occasional short-lived periods of negative real GDP growth. However, in most years real GDP increases. The years of increase are more frequent and the increases large enough that over long periods of time real GDP increases despite the occasional declines. The long-run upward trend in real GDP is due to increases in the labor force and capital stock, and advances in technological knowledge.61.Most economists believe that in the long run, real variables are not affected by nominal variables. So, forexample, changes in the money supply do not change real variables in the long run. However, mosteconomists believe that nominal variables to do change real variables in the short run.62.As consumers become pessimistic about the future of the economy, they cut their expenditures so thataggregate demand shifts left and output falls. The president and Congress could adjust fiscal policy to increase aggregate demand. They could either increase government spending, or cut taxes, or both.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president andCongress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended.The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.。
《宏观经济学》期末考试复习题附答案(参考)(1).pptx
周围人群消费水平较高
5.下述哪一项不属于总需求 （ A ）
4
学海无 涯
A、税收
B、政府支出
C、净出口
D、
投资
6. 边际储蓄倾向若为 0.25，则边际消费倾向为 （ B ）
A、0.25
B、0.75
C、1.0
D、
1.25
7. 消费函数的斜率等于( C )
A、APC
B、APS
MPS
C、MPC
D、
8.消费者的消费支出不由他的现期收入决定，而是由他的永久收入决定。
学 海 无涯
一、单项选择
第十二章 国民收入核算
1. 下列关于GDP 说法正确的是（ ③ ）
① 一年内一个国家范围内的所有交易的市场价值
② 一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值
③ 一年内一个国家范围内生产的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值
④ 一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有商品和劳务的市场价值
的货币
21、在一个封闭经济中，增加税收在短期内将会( A )
A、使得 IS 曲线左移而 LM 曲线保持不变；
B、使得 IS 曲线左移同时 LM 曲线左移 C、对 IS 和 LM 曲线没有影响 D、以上说法都不对 22、下列哪种情况下，“挤出”效应可能比较大？( D ) A、货币需求对利率敏感，而投资需求对利率不敏感
B、货币需求对利率敏感，投资需求对利率也敏感 C、货币需求对利率不敏感，投资需求对利率也不敏感
D、货币需求对利率不敏感，而投资需求对利率敏感
23、在 IS-LM 模型中，如果（ A ），那么政府购买的变动将会导致
GDP 更大的变动
A、货币需求对GDP 变得更不敏感
B、货币需求对利息率
2010华东师范大学宏观经济学期末考试试题
2010华东师范大学宏观经济学期末考试试题1C 2 B 3B 4 D 5 D 6 B1、下列哪一说法是正确的A、NDP中包含了折旧B、GDP中包含了企业所有库存品的货币折算值C、PI中未包含公司待分配利润D、PI中未包含个人所得税2、下列哪一说法是错误的A、GDP中包含了直接税B、NDP中未包含间接税C、NI中包含公司所得税D、PI中包含了政府转移支付3、设某国的代表性商品为甲、乙、丙三种，1995年它们的价格分别为2、5、10美元，2005年分别为6、10、30美元，它们在消费支出额中所占的比重分别为30％、20％和50％，1995年作为基年的价格指数为100，则2005年的CPI为A、271B、280C、460D、8004、下列哪一项目应计入GDPA、政府补贴B、债券购买额C、旧房子的转让D、股票交易印花税5.包含了政府转移支付的项目是A.NDPB.PIC.DPID.B和C6.如果某经济体2005年的名义GDP为300亿，经计算得到的该年实际GDP为200亿，基年的GDP缩减指数为100，那么2005年的GDP缩减指数为A.660B.150C.220D.2501．C 2 B 3 D 4D 5 B 6B 7B8 A 9 C1、经济增长的标志是A 失业率的下降B 先进技术的广泛应用C 社会生产能力的不断提高D 城市化速度加快2、经济增长在图形上表现为A 生产可能性曲线内的某一点向曲线上移动B 生产可能性曲线向外移动C 生产可能性曲线外的某一点向曲线上移动D 生产可能性曲线上某一点沿曲线移动3、为提高经济增长率，可采取的措施是A 加强政府的宏观调控B 刺激消费水平C 减少工作时间D 推广基础科学及应用科学的研究成果4、根据哈罗德的定义，有保证的增长率GW与实际增长率GA之间可能有的关系是A GW > GAB GW = GAC GW < GAD 以上皆有可能5、根据哈罗德的分析，如果有保证的增长率大于实际增长率，经济将A 持续高涨B 长期萧条C 均衡增长D 不能确定6、根据哈罗德的分析，如果有保证的增长率大于自然增长率，经济将A 持续高涨B 长期萧条C 均衡增长D 不能确定7、根据哈罗德的分析，如果有保证的增长率小于实际增长率，合意的储蓄率等于实际储蓄率，那么合意的资本－产出比将A、小于实际的资本－产出比B、大于实际的资本－产出比C、等于实际的资本－产出比D、以上都对8、储蓄率一定，当合意的资本－产出比大于实际的资本－产出比，厂商的反应是A 增加投资B 减少投资C 保持原有投资D 不能确定9、下列是新古典经济增长模型包含的内容是A、要实现充分就业的均衡增长，要使GA=GW =GnB、通过调整收入分配，降低储蓄率，可以实现充分就业的均衡增长C、长期看，由于市场的作用，经济总是趋向于充分就业的均衡增长。
华东师范大学金融学经济2010真题
2010华东师范大学金融学经济学专业课
2010年华东师范大学金融学经济专业课试题，万学海文教研中心专业课教研室第一时间进行如下的分析：
一、考试题型
名词解释、证明题、简答、分析题、应用题
二、知识点
道德风险、索罗的剩余、卢卡斯批判、关于生产成本和产量、四类宏观政策、气候峰会、排放产权、帕累托效应、制度经济学和博弈论
三、题目回忆
2010华东师范大学金融学经济学（回忆版）
一、名词解释
道德风险、索罗的剩余、卢卡斯批判
二、证明题
关于生产成本和产量
三、简答
四、分析题
给了四类宏观政策（美，中，中东，欧洲的）分析起各自特点，理论来源
五、应用题
给了气候峰会的背景，发达国家对发展中国家的威胁，回答三个问题：。
华东师范大学期末试卷09-10(A)参考答案
华东师范大学期末试卷（A ）参考答案2009——2010学年第一学期1.填空题（20分）1) 从理论上讲，在地理学中，数学方法的运用主要有两个目的：（1）运用数学语言对地理问题进行描述，建立地理数学模型，从更高、更深层次上揭示地理问题的机理；（2）运用有关数学方法，通过定量化的计算和分析，对地理数据进行处理，从而揭示有关地理现象的内在规律。
（每空1分，共2分）2) 集中化指数的计算公式I=(A-R)/(M-R)，其中集中化指数在区间[0,1]上取值，各参数的意义分别为A —实际数据的累计百分比总和；R —均匀分布时的累计百分比总和；M —集中分布时的累计百分比总和。
（每空0.4分，共2分）3) 线性模型''a b y x =+是由双曲线模型1/y=a+b/x 转化而成的，其中'y =1/y ，'x =1/x 。
（每空0.5分，共1.5分）4) 主成分分析的主要计算步骤①计算相关系数矩阵 ， ②计算特征值与特征向量 ， ③计算主成分贡献率及累计贡献率 ， ④计算主成分载荷 。
（每空0.5分，共2分） 5) 变异函数的四个重要参数分别是：基台值（Sill ）、变程（Range ）或称空间依赖范围（Range of Spatial Dependence ）、块金值（Nugget ）或称区域不连续性值（Localized Discontinuity ）和分维数（Fractal Dimension ）。
变量函数的理论模型可分为三大类：有基台值模型、无基台值模型、孔穴效应模型。
（每空0.5分，共3.5分） 6) 请写出线形规划问题： Min Z=2X 1+3X 2+X 3 满足 X 1+2X 2+X 3≥33X 1-X 2+2X 3≥4X 1,X 2,X 3≥0 的标准形式（1.5分） 7) 在基于投入产出分析的资源利用优化模型中，对于不同的目标函数，其约束条件均为（1.5分） 8) AHP 决策分析方法的计算步骤为①明确问题；②建立层次结构模型；③构造判断矩阵；④层次单排序；⑤层次总排序。
宏观经济学期末考试题目附答案
下面哪一项对货币创造乘数没有决定性 影响（ D ） A.法定准备金率 B.超额准备金率 C.现金—存款比率 D.市场利率
引起IS曲线向右移动的原因包括（ A．自发消费下降 B．自发投资下降 C．进口增加 D．出口增加
B）
由政府支出增加所导致的“挤出效应”来自 于（ B ） A．货币供给量的下降 B．货币需求量的提高 C．境内利率的下降 D．通货膨胀的恶化
17、某一经济体在五年中，货币速度为10%， 而实际国民收入增长速度为12%，货币流通 速度不变，这五年期间价格水平将（B）。 A.上升 B.下降 C.不变 D.上下波动
根据简单国民收入决定的理论,如果由于某 种原因,经济的目前收入偏离并高于均衡收 入水平,经济会如何调整重新实现均衡?( C) A. 价格上升 B. 价格下降 C. 企业减产以减少非意愿存货 D. 企业增加雇佣工人
12、假定国民生产总值是5000，个人 可支配收入是4100，政府预算赤字是 200，消费是3800，贸易赤字是100 （单位：亿美元） 试计算： （1）储蓄； （2）投资； （3）政府支出。 私人储蓄S=YD-C=4100-3800=300 投资I=S+T-G+M-X=300-200+100=200 Y=C+I+G+NX=3800+200+G100=5000 G=1100
已知某小国在封闭条件下的消费函数为 C= 305+0.8Y，投资函数为 I=395-200r，货币的需求 函数为 L=0.4Y-100r，货币供给 m=150。 （1）定出 IS 曲线和 LM 曲线的方程； （2）计算均衡的国民收入和利息率； （3）如果此时政府购买增加 100，那么均衡国民收入会增加多少？ （4）计算（3）中的政府购买乘数； （5）写出乘数定理中的政府购买乘数公式，利用这一公式计算（3）中的乘数； （6）比较（4）和（5）的结果是否相同，请给出解释。
宏观经济学期末考试试题(含答案)
《宏观经济学》期末考试试题一、判断题（对的写“T”，错的写“F”；每小题1分，共10分）1.人均真实GDP是平均经济福利（生活水平）的主要衡量指标。
2.1963年美国的最低工资水平是每小时1.25美元，而2013年则为7.25美元，因而，在美国拿最低工资的人的生活水平大大提高了。
3.大多数失业是短期的，然而，大多数所观察到的失业是长期的。
4.通货膨胀并没有降低大多数工人的购买力。
5.家庭决定把大部分收入储蓄起来会使总供给曲线向左移动。
6.某人出售一幅旧油画所得到的收入应该计入当年的国内生产总值。
7.无论什么人，只要没有找到工作就是失业。
8.短期总供给不变时，总需求的变动会引起均衡的国内生产总值同方向变动，物价水平反方向变动。
9.扩张性货币政策的实行可以增加货币供给量，从而使利率水平提高。
10.总需求不足时，政府可以提高转移支付水平，以增加社会总需求。
二、简答题（每小题5分，共15分）1.列出并说明生产率的四个决定因素。
2.解释企业通过提高它所支付的工资增加利润的四种可能原因。
3.是什么因素可能引起总需求曲线向左移动？三、应用题（每小题5分，共20分）假设今年的货币供给是5 00亿美元，名义GDP是10万亿美元，而真实GDP是5万亿美元。
1.物价水平是多少？货币流通速度是多少？2.假设货币流通速度是不变的，而每年经济中物品与服务的产出增加5%。
如果美联储保持货币供给不变，明年的名义GDP和物价水平是多少？3.如果美联储想保持物价水平不变，它应该把明年的货币供给设定为多少？4.如果美联储想把通货膨胀率控制在10%，它应该把货币供给设定为多少？四、计算与分析说明题（每小题10分，共30分；要有计算步骤，否则扣分）b.把2015年作为基年，计算各年的真实GDP。
c.与2016年相比，2017年的名义GDP、真实GDP增长率各是多少？名义GDP增长率和真实GDP增长率孰大孰小？解释原因。
2.一个经济在产出低于其自然水平4000亿美元的水平上运行，而且财政政策制定者想弥补这种衰退性缺口。
宏观经济学期末试卷及答案
《宏观经济学》试卷一、单项选择题:(以下各题的备选答案中,只有一项是正确的。
将正确的序号填在括号内。
)1、在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是：A、国内生产净值B、个人收入C、个人可支配收入D、国民收入E、国内生产总值2、下列哪一项应计入GDP中：A、面包厂购买的面粉B、购买40股股票C、家庭主妇购买的面粉D、购买政府债券E、以上各项都不应计入。
3、计入GDP的有：A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入C、出神股票的收入D、晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入E、从政府那里获得的困难补助收入4、在下列各项中，属于经济中的注入因素是A、投资；B、储蓄；C、净税收；D、进口。
5、政府支出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、比投资乘数小1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移支付乘数E、以是说法都不正确6、在以下情况中，投资乘数最大的是A、边际消费倾向为0.7；B、边际储蓄倾向为0.2；C、边际储蓄倾向为0.4；D、边际储蓄倾向为0.3。
7、国民消费函数为C=80+0.8Y，如果消费增加100亿元，国民收入A、增加100亿元；B、减少100亿元；C、增加500亿元；D、减少500亿元。
8、如果政府支出增加A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增加将A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确10、位于IS曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合，都是A、投资大于储蓄；B、投资小于储蓄；C、投资等于储蓄；D、无法确定。
11、当经济中未达到充分就业时，如果LM曲线不变，政府支出增加会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降。
12、一般地，在IS曲线不变时，货币供给减少会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷1(附答案)
一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2．A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.4．A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5．In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverseeffects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth.d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.6．Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate.7．An increase in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.8．Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 percent9．Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force10．Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , indollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11．Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12．Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2002 and 2003?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13．Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forinflation.14．International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exporting countries.15．Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16．A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transactiona. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17．At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18．In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.20．If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest ratesa. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.21．Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22．An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23．Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24．According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inverselyrelated.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positivelyrelated.25．Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26．If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27．Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28．The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29．A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30．Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．The government component of GDP includes salaries paid to Army generals but not Social Security benefits to the elderly.32．An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increases the growth rate of real GDP per person.33．In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation opens and operates a branch in a foreign country you will be engaging in foreign direct investment.34．Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37．A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level. 39．The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40．The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41．In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capitaloutflow.42．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affectspecific firms and industries.44．If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45．In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46．John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47．An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right. 48．Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers. 49．In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50．Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can. 三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect: 52．depreciation: 53．capital flight: 54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Using a graph representing the market for loanable funds, show and explain what happens to interest rates and investment if a government goes from a deficit to a surplus.58．Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59．The U.S. Treasury Department issues inflation-indexed bonds. What areinflation-indexed bonds and why are they important?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy.53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country.54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师：教学班号：姓名：学号：∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the economy at each interest rate, and the supply of loanable funds curve will shift from S0 to S1. The new equilibrium will be at E1, with a lower interest rate, r1 and a higher quantity of saving and investment, q1. Hence, if the federal government succeeds in having a surplus, interest rates will fall and investment will increase.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.2. There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.59. Inflation-indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted upward for inflation, guaranteeing their real purchasing power in the future.They are important because they provide a safe, inflation-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower current cost.60. Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62. The reduction in the money supply raises the interest rate. So the return on bonds increases relative to the return on stocks. The increase in the interest rate also causes spending to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president and Congress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended. The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。
宏观经济学期末复习题库及答案
《宏观经济学》课程的考核要求本课程采取闭卷考试的方式；时间为2小时（120分钟）总评成绩的计算依据：（1）平时成绩：占总评成绩的30％；其中期中考试成绩占总评成绩的20％，课堂小测验（至少两次）占5%，作业等占5%。
（2）期终成绩：占总评成绩的70％，以期终考试成绩为依据。
如下表所示：平时成绩（30%）期终成绩（70%）总评成绩（100%）期中考试（20%）期终考试（70%）100%课堂小测验（5%）作业等（5%）识记部分约占30％；理解部分约占40％；运用部分约占30％。
考试题型包括判断、选择、作图、计算、简答、分析论述等。
第十二章国民收入核算一、主要概念国民生产总值(GNP)、国内生产总值(GDP)、名义国内生产总值和实际国内生产总值、最终产品和中间产品、总投资和净投资、重置投资、存货投资、政府购买和政府转移支付、净出口、间接税、国民生产净值、国民收入、个人收入、个人可支配收入、储蓄一投资恒等式。
二、单项选择题1、下列哪—项不列入国内生产总值的核算中( )A、出口到国外的一批货物B、政府发放给贫困家庭的救济金C、经纪人从旧房买卖中收取的佣金D、保险公司收到的家庭财产保险费2、“面粉是中间产品”这一命题( )0A、一定是对的B、一定是不对的C、可能对，也可能不对D、以上三种说法全对3、下列哪一项计入GDP 中? ( )A、购买一辆用过的旧自行车B、购买普通股票C、汽车制造厂买进10吨钢板D、银行向某企业收取一笔贷款利息4、某国的资本品存量在年初为10000亿美元，本年度生产了2500亿美元的资本品，资本消耗折旧为2000亿美元，则该国在本年度的总投资和净投资分别是( )A、2500亿美元和500亿美元B、12500亿美元和10500亿美元C、2500亿美元和2000亿美元D、7500亿美元和8000亿美元5、以下正确的统计恒等式为( )A、投资= 储蓄B、投资= 消费C、储蓄= 消费D、总支出- 投资= 总收入- 储蓄6、下列项目中，( ) 不是要素收入A、总统薪水B、股息C、公司对灾区的捐献D、银行存款者取得的利息7、以下( ) 不能计入国内生产总值A、企业的库存B、家庭主妇的家务劳务折合成的收入C、拍卖毕加索作品的收入D、为他人提供服务所得收入8、安徽民工在南京打工所得收入应该计入到当年( ) 中A、安徽的国内生产总值(GDP)B、安徽的国民收入(NI)C、南京的国民生产总值(GNP)D、南京的国内生产总值(GDP)9、通货膨胀时，GNP价格矫正指数( )A、大于1B、小于IC、大于0D、小于010、一国的国内生产总值小于国民生产总值，说明该国公民从外国取得的收入( ) 外国公民从该国取得的收入A、大于B、小于C、等于D、可能大于也可能小于11、如果：消费额= 6亿元，投资额= 1亿元，间接税= 1亿元，政府用于商品和劳务的支出额= 1．5亿元，出口额= 2亿元，进口额= 1．8亿元，则( )A、NNP = 8．7亿元B、GDP = 7．7亿元C、GDP = 8．7亿元D、NNP = 5亿元12、用收入法计算的GDP等于( )A、消费+投资+政府支出+净出B、工资+利息+租金+利润+间接税C、工资+利息+中间产品成本+间接税+利润D、工资+利息+租金+利润+间接税+折旧13、如果当期价格水平低于基期价格水平，那么( )A、实际GDP等于名义GDPB、实际GDP小于名义GDPC、实际GDP与名义GDP 相同D、实际GDP大于名义GDP14、如果钢铁、油漆、绝缘材料以及所有用来制造一个电烤炉的原料价值在计算GDP时都包括进去了，那么这种衡量方法( )A、因各种原料都进入市场交易，所以衡量是正确的。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案(-B-卷)
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案(-B-卷)宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案（ B 卷）一、名词解释题（本题型共5题。
每题3分，共15分）1．国内生产总值 2．平衡预算乘数 3．流动性偏好 4．基础货币5．充分就业1．国内生产总值：一个国家或地区在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全部最终产品（物品和劳务）的市场价值。
2．平衡预算乘数：政府的收入和支出同时且以同数量变动时国民收入的变动与政府收入支出变动的比率。
3．流动性偏好：即对货币的需求，由于货币具有使用上的灵活性，人们宁可牺牲利息收入而储存不生息货币来保持财富的心理倾向。
4．基础货币：商业银行的准备金总额（法定的和超额的）加上非银行部门持有的通货是存款扩张的基础，被称为基础货币。
5．充分就业：在广泛的意义上指一切生产要素（包含劳动）都有机会以自己意愿的报酬参加生产的状态。
二、单项选择题（本题型共30题。
每题正确答案只有一个。
每题1分，共30分）1．下列哪一项将不计入当年的GDP？（）．．．A．当年整修过的古董汽车所增加的价值；B．一辆新汽车的价值；C．一辆二手汽车按其销售价格计算的价值；D．一台磨损的高尔夫球清洁机器的替换品。
1．2．在以支出法计算国内生产总值时，不属于投资的是（）。
．．．A．某企业增加一笔存货； B．某企业建造一座厂房；C．某企业购买一台计算机； D．某企业购买政府债券。
2．3．用收入法计算GDP时，不能计入GDP的是（）A．政府给公务员支付的工资；B．居民购买自行车的支出；C．农民卖粮的收入；D．自有住房的租金。
3．；14．当实际GDP为1500亿美元，GDP缩减指数为120时，名义国民收入为：（）A．1100亿美元； B．1500亿美元； C．1700亿美元； D．1800亿美元。
4．；5．一个家庭当其收入为零时，消费支出为2000元；而当其收入为6000元时，其消费为6000元，在图形上，消费和收入之间成一条直线，则其边际消费倾向为（）。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷(附答案)
1．In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annual and seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but no adjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonally adjusted.2．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase by a. more than 1 percent. b. less than 1 percent. c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3．If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent,the GDP deflator will likely increase by a. more than 2 percent. b. 2 percent. c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4．The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject to a. constant returns. b. increasing returns. c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns for high levels of capital.5．Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.6．Use the following table to answer the following question. Assume that the closing price was also the average price at which each stock transaction took place. Whatwas the total dollar volume of Gillette stock traded that day?a. $912,840,000b. $91,284,000c. $9,128,400d. $912,8407．Suppose that in a closed economy GDP is equal to 10,000, taxes are equal to 2,500 Consumption equals 6,500 and Government expenditures equal 2,000. What are private saving, public saving, and nationalsaving? a. 1500, 1000, 500 b. 1000, 500, 1500 c. 500, 1500, 1000d. None of the above are correct.8．Risk-averse people will choose different asset portfolios than people who are not risk averse. Over a longperiod of time, we would expect that a. every risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than every non-risk averse person. b. every risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than every non-risk averse person.c. the average risk-averse person will earn a higher rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.d. the average risk-averse person will earn a lower rate of return than the average non-risk averse person.9．The natural rate of unemployment is the精品文档a. unemployment rate that would prevail with zero inflation.b. rate associated with the highest possible level of GDP.c. difference between the long-run and short-run unemployment rates.d. amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences.10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11．Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12．The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13．In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14．Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased with a dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsc. a decrease in the price in Kenyan shillings of Kenyan goodsd. All of the above are correct.16．Use the (hypothetical) information in the following table to answer the next question.In real terms, U.S. goods are more expensive than goods in which country(ies)?a. Brazil and Mexicob. Japan, Sweden, and Thailandc. Japan and Swedend. Thailand.17．Which of the following would tend to shift the supply of dollars in foreign-currency exchange market of the open-economy macroeconomic model to the left?a. The exchange rate rises.b. The exchange rate falls.c. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets rises.d. The expected rate of return on U.S. assets falls.18．The real exchange rate equals the relativea. price of domestic and foreign currency.b. price of domestic and foreign goods.c. rate of domestic and foreign interest.d. None of the above is correct.精品文档19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if the supply of loanable funds increases, the interest ratea. and the real exchange rate increase.b. and the real exchange rate decrease.c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.20．For the following question, use the graph below.The initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market is illustrated as a move froma. a tob.b. a toc.c. c to b.d. c to d.21．When the government spends more, the initial effect is thata. aggregate demand shifts right.b. aggregate demand shifts left.c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.24．According to liquidity preference theory, the money supply curve isa. upward sloping.b. downward sloping.c. vertical.d. horizontal.25．When the Fed buys government bonds, the reserves of the banking systema. increase, so the money supply increases.b. increase, so the money supply decreases.c. decrease, so the money supply increases.d. decrease, so the money supply decreases.26．According to the theory of liquidity preference, an increase in the price level causes thea. interest rate and investment to rise.b. interest rate and investment to fall.c. interest rate to rise and investment to fall.d. interest rate to fall and investment to rise.27．If the stock market crashes,a. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.b. aggregate demand increases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.c. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by increasing the money supply.d. aggregate demand decreases, which the Fed could offset by decreasing the money supply.精品文档28．If the MPC = 3/5, then the government purchases multiplier isa. 5/3.b. 5/2.c. 5.d. 15.29．If the government raises government expenditures, in the short run, pricesa. rise and unemployment falls.b. fall and unemployment rises.c. and unemployment rise.d. and unemployment fall.30．If the long-run Phillips curve shifts to the left, for any given rate of money growth and inflation the economy will havea. higher unemployment and lower output.b. higher unemployment and higher output.c. lower unemployment and lower output.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate.33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has.34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s.41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price level divided by the foreign price level.42．Net capital outflow represents the quantity of dollars supplied in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．If policymakers impose import restrictions on automobiles, the U.S. trade deficit would shrink.44．Most economists believe that classical theory explains the world in the short run, but not the long run.45．Because not all prices adjust instantly to changing conditions, an unexpected fall in the price level leaves some firms with higher-than-desired prices, and these higher-than-desired prices depress sales and induce firms to reduce the quantity of goods and services they produce.46．All explanations for the upward slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve suppose that output supplied increases when the price level increases more than expected.47．Both the multiplier and the investment accelerator tend to make the aggregate demand curve shift farther than the increase in government expenditures.48．During recessions, the government tends to run a budget deficit.49．If macroeconomic policy expands aggregate demand, unemployment will fall and inflation will rise in the short run.50．The analysis of Friedman and Phelps argues that any change in inflation that is expected has no impact on the unemployment rate.精品文档三、名词解释(每小题 2 分，共 10 分)51．diminishing returns:52．nominal exchange rate: 53．crowding-out effect: 54．stagflation:55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Why are property rights important for the growth of a nation's standard of living? 57．Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. Whatsort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices. a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very much risk." b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value tax breakshighly."58．Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me,which has $5,000 of deposits, a reserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59．What are the costs of inflation?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right. 61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand andlong-run aggregate supply curves.62．Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very important factors inexplaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63．Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it startsabove equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affectconsumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes in total output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply. 65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.精品文档11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49.50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation: 53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)精品文档五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)精品文档《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financial assets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will精品文档reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.57. a. A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are notsubject to federal income tax.b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.c. A corporate bond that isn't a junk bond. Because they have more risk thangovernment bonds and have no special tax treatment, they pay moderate ratesof return.58.First National Bank of MeAssets LiabilitiesReserves $800 Deposits $5,000Loans $4,20059.The costs of inflation include "shoeleather costs," the cost of reducing your money holdings to reduce your inflation tax; "menu costs," the costs of price adjustments; the costs of resource misallocation that result from the relative-price variability induced by inflation; the costs of inflation-induced tax distortions; the costs of confusion and inconvenience; and the costs associated with the arbitrary redistribution of wealth that accompany unexpected inflation.60.Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph. Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62.The wealth effect is not very important because it operates through changes in the real value of money, and money is only a small fraction of household wealth. So it is unlikely that changes in the price level will lead to large changes in consumption spending through this channel. The exchange-rate effect is not very important in the United States because trade with other countries represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷1(附答案)
一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2．A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.4．A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5．In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverseeffects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth.d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.6．Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate.7．An increase in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.8．Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 percent9．Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force10．Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , indollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11．Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12．Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2002 and 2003?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13．Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forinflation.14．International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exporting countries.15．Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16．A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transactiona. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17．At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18．In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.20．If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest ratesa. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.21．Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22．An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23．Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24．According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inverselyrelated.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positivelyrelated.25．Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26．If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27．Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28．The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29．A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30．Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．The government component of GDP includes salaries paid to Army generals but not Social Security benefits to the elderly.32．An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increases the growth rate of real GDP per person.33．In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation opens and operates a branch in a foreign country you will be engaging in foreign direct investment.34．Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37．A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level. 39．The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40．The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41．In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capitaloutflow.42．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affectspecific firms and industries.44．If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45．In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46．John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47．An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right. 48．Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers. 49．In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50．Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can. 三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect: 52．depreciation: 53．capital flight: 54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers: 四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Using a graph representing the market for loanable funds, show and explain what happens to interest rates and investment if a government goes from a deficit to a surplus.58．Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59．The U.S. Treasury Department issues inflation-indexed bonds. What areinflation-indexed bonds and why are they important?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40.41. 42. 43. 44. 45.46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy.53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country.54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession考生答题不得过此线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶密∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶封∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶ 任课教师：教学班号：姓名：学号：∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶装∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶订∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶线∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶∶without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the economy at each interest rate, and the supply of loanable funds curve will shift from S0 to S1. The new equilibrium will be at E1, with a lower interest rate, r1 and a higher quantity of saving and investment, q1. Hence, if the federal government succeeds in having a surplus, interest rates will fall and investment will increase.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.2. There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.59. Inflation-indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted upward for inflation, guaranteeing their real purchasing power in the future.They are important because they provide a safe, inflation-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower current cost.60. Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62. The reduction in the money supply raises the interest rate. So the return on bonds increases relative to the return on stocks. The increase in the interest rate also causes spending to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president and Congress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended. The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案
B 卷）宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案（一、名词解释题分）分，共15（本题型共5题。
每题3．充分就业．基础货币 5．平衡预算乘数 3．流动性偏好 41．国内生产总值 2一个国家或地区在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全．国内生产总值：1部最终产品（物品和劳务）的市场价值。
政府的收入和支出同时且以同数量变动时国民收入的变2．平衡预算乘数：动与政府收入支出变动的比率。
．流动性偏好：即对货币的需求，由于货币具有使用上的灵活性，人们宁3可牺牲利息收入而储存不生息货币来保持财富的心理倾向。
．基础货币：商业银行的准备金总额（法定的和超额的）加上非银行部门4持有的通货是存款扩张的基础，被称为基础货币。
．充分就业：在广泛的意义上指一切生产要素（包含劳动）都有机会以自5己意愿的报酬参加生产的状态。
二、单项选择题（本题型共30题。
每题正确答案只有一个。
每题1分，共30分）1．下列哪一项将不计入当年的GDP？（）．．．A．当年整修过的古董汽车所增加的价值；B．一辆新汽车的价值；C．一辆二手汽车按其销售价格计算的价值；D．一台磨损的高尔夫球清洁机器的替换品。
1 C ；．2．在以支出法计算国内生产总值时，不属于投资的是（）。
．．．A．某企业增加一笔存货；B．某企业建造一座厂房；C．某企业购买一台计算机； D．某企业购买政府债券。
2 D ；．3．用收入法计算GDP时，不能计入GDP的是（）A．政府给公务员支付的工资；B．居民购买自行车的支出；C．农民卖粮的收入；D．自有住房的租金。
3 B ；．）（时，名义国民收入为：120缩减指数为GDP亿美元，1500为GDP．当实际4．A．1100亿美元； B．1500亿美元； C．1700亿美元； D．1800亿美元。
4 D ；．5．一个家庭当其收入为零时，消费支出为2000元；而当其收入为6000元时，其消费为6000元，在图形上，消费和收入之间成一条直线，则其边际消费倾向为（）。
A．2/3； B．3/4； C．4/5； D．1。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案（A卷）
宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案（A卷）宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案（ A 卷）一、名词解释题（本题型共5题。
每题2分，共10分，将答案写在答题纸上）1．国民生产总值2. 消费函数3. 充分就业4 经济周期5. 菲利普斯曲线二、单项选择题（本题型共30题。
每题正确答案只有一个，从每题的备选答案中选出正确的答案，将其英文字母编号填入答题纸上相应的空格内。
每题1分，共30分）．．．．．1、今年的名义国内生产总值大于去年的名义国内生产总值，说明：( )A.、今年物价水平一定比去年高了；B、今年生产的物品和劳务的总量一定比去年增加了；C、今年的物价水平和实物产量水平一定都比去年提高了；D、以上三种说法都不一定正确。
2、一国的国内生产总值小于国民生产总值，说明该国公民从外国取得的收入( )外国公民从该国取得的收入( )A.、大于； B、小于； C、等于； D、可能大于也可能小于。
3、两部门的均衡是：（）A: I=S；B: I+G=S+T；C: I+G+X=S+T+M；D: AD=AS。
4、一般地说，通货膨胀会使（）。
A．债权人受损，债务人受益； B．债权人受益，债务人受损；C．债权人和债务人都受益； D．债权人和债务人都受损。
5、在货币总量不变条件下，当物价上升，货币投机需求减少，利率上升，从而抑制投资需求和居民信贷消费需求，导致产出的下降，这种效应被称为（）A. 净出口效应； B. 利率效应； C.实际余额效应；D.财富效应。
6、总需求曲线向下倾斜的原因之一是( )：A. 随着价格水平下降，家庭的实际财富下降，他们将增加消费；B. 随着价格水平上升，家庭的实际财富下降，他们将减少消费；C. 随着价格水平下降，家庭的实际财富上升，他们将减少消费；D. 随着价格水平上升，家庭的实际财富上升，他们将增加消费。
7、在LM曲线即定时，扩张性的财政政策使IS曲线向（）。
A: 上移； B: 下移；C: 不变； D: 无联系。
2010年宏观经济学试卷B标准答案与评分标准
2010宏观经济学试卷B标准答案与评分标准一、单项选择BDAAB CCDDB BACAA DDBCB二、判断题××××√√××√×三、简答题1.引起有效需求不足的原因是边际消费倾向递减将引起消费不足，资本的边际效率递减引起投资不足，流动性偏好陷阱引起投资不足，所以总需求不足。
（6分）2.通货膨胀的成因包括需要拉动型通货膨胀，成本推动型通货膨胀和结构型通货膨胀。
（6分）3.宏观经济政策目标为经济持续稳定增长，物价稳定，充分就业，国际收支平衡（6分）4.总需求曲线的形状向下倾斜的曲线或直线，原因是利率效应，实际余额效应和国际替代效应（或累进税制的影响）（6分）5.财政政策的挤出效应是指实施扩张性的财政政策后，利率上升，挤出了私人投资进而使实际均衡产出下降的现象。
表现在IS-LM模型上，扩张性的财政政策使IS曲线右移，LM曲线不变，均衡利率上升，均衡产出增加有效，但是增加得没有利率不变时少。
（6分）四、计算题1.（满分11分）(1)均衡的收入=750(2分)，消费=700（2分），储蓄=50（2分），(2)由Y=AE+IU,IU=Y-AE=800-(100+0.8*800+50)=10（3分）(3)收入增加250（2分）2.（满分14分）(1)IS曲线方程：y=1200-25r（2分），LM曲线方程：y=1000；（2分）(2)均衡收入=1000，均衡利率=8，投资=100；（3分）(3)均衡收入=1000，均衡利率=12，投资=80；（3分）(4)存在挤出效应，完全挤占，图略（共4分，文字和图各2分）五、分析题(1)（满分8分）在公开市场上卖出政府债券，或提高贴现率或提高法定准备金率，均可以货币供给量减少，利率上升。
评分标准：每一个货币政策工具为2分，货币供给变化和利率变化为2分。
(2)（满分7分）中央银行卖出政府债券，提高贴现率或提高法定准备金率，均可以减少货币供给，提高利率，利率提高后C（1分）、I（1分）、X（1分）均下降，引起AD下降（1分），由AS-AD模型，实际GDP下降，物价水平下降（图和表述共3分）。
【18】2009-2010学期宏观经济学考试试卷及参考答案、考点分析
2009-2010学期宏观经济学考试参考答案及考点分析一、问答题（共30分）1. 什么是合成谬误？试用“银行挤兑”来说明合成谬误。
（6分）（1）合成谬误指在个体或局部看是正确的行为，在总体或全局看却是错误的。
（2分）（2）一个虚假信息会导致银行客户取走存款，如果大部分客户都提取自己的存款这家银行就将倒闭(2分)，每个客户的选择也许是理性的，但结果却会给自己带来更大的危害（2分）。
2. 假设一个地区发生了地震，请问它将以什么可能的方式影响该地区经济的存量和流量？（6分）（1）地震造成财产的直接损失将导致经济存量的减少。
（2分）（2）地震造成生产能力和消费能力的下降将导致经济流量的减少。
（2分）（3）地震以后的重建将导致经济流量的增加。
（2分）3. 为什么说消费函数的一阶导数大于零、二阶导数小于零？怎样才能证明？（6分）（1）因为消费与收入正相关而边际消费与边际收入负相关。
（3分）（2）我们无法通过数学或逻辑演绎来证明这一定理，只能通过对事实的观察或逻辑归纳来证明这一定理。
（3分）4. 投资函数成立的前提是什么？如果超出这一前提，我们怎样才能刻画它对宏观经济的影响？（6分）（1）投资函数成立的前提是只考虑利率而不考虑其他因素对投资的影响。
（3分）（2）如果其他因素导致投资的变化，我们可以通过投资函数在水平方向上的左右移动来加以刻画。
（3分）5. 凯恩斯货币需求曲线为什么有一段呈水平状？它的经济学含义是什么？（6分）（1）水平状的货币需求曲线表示经济陷入流动性陷阱（或曰凯恩斯陷阱）。
（3分）（2）当货币需求曲线处于水平状态时政府试图通过增加货币供给降低利率的任何企图都将成为泡影。
（3分）二、计算题（共30分）1。
已知消费函数C=90+0.6Y，投资函数I=6-2r，AS曲线方程Y=170+50P，物价水平P=1，均衡产出Y=220（亿）；试求：（1）相应的AD曲线方程。
（4分）（2）相应的IS和LM曲线方程。
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1C 2 B 3B 4 D 5 D 6 B1、下列哪一说法是正确的A、NDP中包含了折旧B、GDP中包含了企业所有库存品的货币折算值C、PI中未包含公司待分配利润D、PI中未包含个人所得税2、下列哪一说法是错误的A、GDP中包含了直接税B、NDP中未包含间接税C、NI中包含公司所得税D、PI中包含了政府转移支付3、设某国的代表性商品为甲、乙、丙三种，1995年它们的价格分别为2、5、10美元，2005年分别为6、10、30美元，它们在消费支出额中所占的比重分别为30％、20％和50％，1995年作为基年的价格指数为100，则2005年的CPI为A、271B、280C、460D、8004、下列哪一项目应计入GDPA、政府补贴B、债券购买额C、旧房子的转让D、股票交易印花税5.包含了政府转移支付的项目是A.NDPB.PIC.DPID.B和C6.如果某经济体2005年的名义GDP为300亿，经计算得到的该年实际GDP为200亿，基年的GDP缩减指数为100，那么2005年的GDP缩减指数为A.660B.150C.220D.2501．C 2 B 3 D 4D 5 B 6B 7B8 A 9 C1、经济增长的标志是A 失业率的下降B 先进技术的广泛应用C 社会生产能力的不断提高D 城市化速度加快2、经济增长在图形上表现为A 生产可能性曲线内的某一点向曲线上移动B 生产可能性曲线向外移动C 生产可能性曲线外的某一点向曲线上移动D 生产可能性曲线上某一点沿曲线移动3、为提高经济增长率，可采取的措施是A 加强政府的宏观调控B 刺激消费水平C 减少工作时间D 推广基础科学及应用科学的研究成果4、根据哈罗德的定义，有保证的增长率GW与实际增长率GA之间可能有的关系是A GW > GAB GW = GAC GW < GAD 以上皆有可能5、根据哈罗德的分析，如果有保证的增长率大于实际增长率，经济将A 持续高涨B 长期萧条C 均衡增长D 不能确定6、根据哈罗德的分析，如果有保证的增长率大于自然增长率，经济将A 持续高涨B 长期萧条C 均衡增长D 不能确定7、根据哈罗德的分析，如果有保证的增长率小于实际增长率，合意的储蓄率等于实际储蓄率，那么合意的资本－产出比将A、小于实际的资本－产出比B、大于实际的资本－产出比C、等于实际的资本－产出比D、以上都对8、储蓄率一定，当合意的资本－产出比大于实际的资本－产出比，厂商的反应是A 增加投资B 减少投资C 保持原有投资D 不能确定9、下列是新古典经济增长模型包含的内容是A、要实现充分就业的均衡增长，要使GA=GW =GnB、通过调整收入分配，降低储蓄率，可以实现充分就业的均衡增长C、长期看，由于市场的作用，经济总是趋向于充分就业的均衡增长。
1B 2E 3D 4C 5B 6D 7B 8D 9D 10D 11D1、生产率通常衡量：A 工作时数的每单位变化所导致的单位产量的变化B 每个工作时的产量C 雇佣人数的变化所导致的单位产量的变化D 企业数量的每单位变化所导致的单位产量变化2、经济的增长率取决于A 失业工人的数量以及如果他们获雇佣所能生产的产量B 就业工人的数量以及他们的平均产量C 只取决于工作时数的增长率D 只取决于每个工作时产量的增长率E 每个工作时产量的增率及工作时数的增长率3、较低的劳动生产率所带来的结果体现在多个方面，以下哪一项与其它项不同A 更小的住房B 更差的医疗保健C 更多的贫困D 更大的政府服务4、以下哪个选项无助于生产率增长的A 储蓄与投资B 教育与劳动者素质C 扩大劳动力的规模D 将资源从低效率部门分配到高效率部门E 研究与发展5、工人人均资本量的增加称为：A 生产率B 资本的深化C 报酬递增D 资本的广化E 折旧6、资本深化是指A 给每个工人配备更多的资本B 提高每个工人的产出和经济增长率C 仅在短期内提供增加的生产力增长率D 以上都对E 仅A 和B 对7、右图的生产函数，k1到k2与k2到k3的变化一样而Q的变化不同，这归因于A 资本的广化B 收益递减规律C 资本深化D 不确定8、若人均资本品的数量增大，其一个给定的增加值却并未导致人均产出的增加，则____抵消了____的影响A 收益递减规律劳动力增长B 劳动增长技术进步C 劳动增长较低投资D 技术进步收益递减规律9、产权对观念而言很重要，下列哪一个解释除外？A 为观念创新提供激励B 仅对从事研究的企业而言C 从新观念的发展中减少利润的不确定性D 对新观念的前景不感兴趣的人10、专利法A 有助于克服生产非竞争性商品的抑制因素B 给予发明者排他性的权利C 允许发明者从其发明中获得更多利益D 以上都是E 仅B 和C11、经济学家采用全要素生产率的方法，尝试解释生产率增长放慢时区分不同因素的作用，不能用这种方法解释部分可归于A 劳动力增长B 物资资本的增长C 研究于发展支出投资的下降D 技术变化1B 2C 31、下述哪种消费函数论最不易用以说明申请较多货款来购房的行为？A、相对收入B、绝对收入C、生命周期D、持久收入2、消费曲线的斜率与以下哪一项直接相关？A、平均消费倾向B、平均储蓄倾向C、边际储蓄倾向D、需求的收入弹性3、下列哪一项不符合投资乘数理论？A、I的减少会引起Y的倍数减少B、投资乘数KI的计算以MPC递减为假定前提C、KI与MPC正相关D、△C最终趋近于零4、就同一时期的某经济体而言，其乘数之间一般存在如下关系A、税收乘数大于政府购买乘数B、投资乘数大于转移支付乘数C、转移支付乘数大于投资乘数D、税收乘数大于转移支付乘数5、投资乘数效应的产生过程中，下列哪一项是不存在的？A、所有生产厂商均没有大量库存品B、初始投资全部转化为消费C、消费增量不断趋于减少D、收入增量不断趋于减少6.消费曲线的斜率决定于A. MPC和APCB. MPC和APSC. MPC和MPSD. APC和MPS7. MPC递减意味着A.MPS递减B.消费额减少C.APS递减D.产品滞销的可能性递增8.如果以KW代表对外贸易乘数,则下列哪一说法是错误的?A.边际消费倾向与KW正相关B.税率与KW负相关C.边际进口倾向与KW负相关D.政府转移支付与KW正相关9.如果MPS为负，那么A．MPC大于1B．MPC等于1C．MPC小于1D．MPC与MPS之和小于110.假设某经济体的边际消费倾向为0.8，边际进口倾向为0.2，比例税率为0.1，则该经济体的转移支付乘数为A. 3/2B. 1/0.1C. 1/0.6D. 18/71、假定货币需求为L＝0.2Y,货币供给为Ms=200，消费C＝90＋0.8Yd，税收T=50，投资I=140－5r，政府支出G＝50，求1）IS LM方程，求均衡收入、利率和投资2）若政府支出G增加20,收入、利率和投资有什么变化？2、假定L=0.2Y－10r，Ms=200，C＝60＋0.8Yd，税收T＝100，投资I＝150，政府支出G ＝100，求1)IS和LM方程，收入、利率和投资2）政府支出增加20，求收入、利率和投资1、设L=0.2Y,M=200, C=90+0.8Yd, 税收T=50, 投资I=140－5r,政府支出G＝501）求IS和LM方程，均衡利率、收入和投资2）若G增加20,利率、收入和投资有何变化是否存在挤出效应1、财政政策被定义为：A 随货币供给的变动而变动B 随利率或货币供给的变动而变动C 随政府支出或税收的变动而变动D 政策被定义为维持财政责任2、自动稳定器的原理是A 使消费和总支出更平滑B 使富人通过付出一点财富来帮助较为不幸的人C 在经济低迷时期弥补不平衡D 容纳斟酌使用的财政政策的不足部分3、货币供给增加使LM曲线右移，若要均衡收入变动接近与LM曲线的移动量，则A LM曲线陡峭，IS曲线也陡峭B LM曲线平缓，IS曲线也平缓C LM曲线陡峭，IS曲线平缓D LM曲线平缓，IS曲线陡峭4、货币供给的变动如果对均衡收入有更大的影响，是因为A 私人部门的支出对利率更敏感B 私人部门的支出对利率不敏感C 支出乘数较小D 货币需求对利率更敏感5、以下何种情况不会引起收入水平的上升？A 增加自主性支出B 减少自主性税收C 增加自主性转移支付D 增加净税收6、如果政府支出的增加与政府转移支付的减少相同时，收入水平会A 不变B 增加C 减少D 不相关1、假定消费函数C＝300＋0.8Yd，私人投资I＝200，税收T＝0.2Y，求1）均衡收入为2000时，政府支出是多少？预算是盈余还是赤字？2）政府支出不变，而税收提高为T＝0.25Y，均衡收入是多少？预算如何变化？2、设消费函数C＝600＋0.8Y,投资需求函数I=800-50r，政府购买G＝200，货币需求函数L ＝250＋0.5Y-125r,货币供给Ms=1250,求1）IS和LM方程2）均衡收入和利率3）财政政策乘数和货币政策乘数4）设充分就业Y＝6000,若增加政府购买实现充分就业，要增加多少？5）若增加货币供给实现充分就业，要增加多少货币供给。