词汇学复习题完整版

（最终完整版）

I. Define the Followi ng Terms.

1. Morpheme

Morpheme（语素）:the minimal meaningful unit（the smallest functioning unit in the

compositi on of words）

2. allomorph

Allomorph（语素变体）:is a differe nt varia nt form of a morpheme , differ in phono logical and spelli ng form, but at the same in function and meaning. One of the varia nts that realize a morpheme 3. bound morpheme

Bound Morpheme（粘着语素）:A bound morpheme is one that cannot stand by itself.

4. free morpheme

Free morphemes: Those which may occur alone, that is, those which may constitute words by

themselves, are free morphemes.

5. Affix

Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only whe n added to ano ther morpheme.

6. in flecti onal affix

Inflectional affixes （屈折词缀）（inflectional morphemes）: affixes attached to the end of words to in dicate grammatical relati on ships are in flecti onal

7. derivati onal affix

Derivational affixes（派生词缀）A） prefix: A prefix comes before words. B）suffix

a prefix or suffix added to a root or stem to form ano ther word, as un- in un read, -n ess in

like ness

8. root

A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further an alyzed without total loss of ide ntity.

9. stem

A stem is the surplus part after the cutting of inflectional morpheme in a word with in flect ional

morphemes,ca n be further an alyzed, it sometimes could be a root.

10. Refere nee

Refere nee is the conven ti onal or arbitrary relatio nship betwee n Ian guage and the world.

Part of the word meaning is the referen ce.

11. Motivation（理据）:

Motivati on refers to the conn ecti on betwee n the lin guistic symbol and its meanin g.Most words are non-m otivated.

12. Conceptual meaning（概念意义）:

also known as denotative meaning（夕卜延意义）Conceptual meaning is often described as dictio nary meaning or literal meaning of a word. It is the core of the meaning of a word.

13. grammatical meaning

（语法意义）：in dicate the grammatical con cept（become importa nt only in actual con text）Grammatical meaning refers to that part of meaning which indicates grammatical relati on ships or functions, such as tense meaning, sin gular meaning, etc

14. associative mea ning

26.

21.

Which of the follow ing is NOT a rhetorical feature of idioms? A . Phonetic manipulation. C . Figures of speech.

22.The sentence — I like Mary better tha n you.

B .

A . extra-l in guistic con text

C . grammatical con text 23.Which of the following is NOT stock? C

B . Lexical manipulation. D. Phrasal verbs.

II is ambiguous due tC lexical con text D . one of the homonymy obvious characteristics of the basic word

A .. Creativity. C . Duality.

24. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:

A. absolute and relative Stability. All n atio nal character.

(A )

25.

B. absolute and complete

C. relative and n ear

plete and ide ntical In the early period of Middle En glish, En glish, _ D ________ e xisted side by side. A. Celtic and Danish B. Danish and French

C. Lati n and Celtic

D. French and Lati n

A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single ( C ) morpheme.

A. formal

B. con crete

C. free

D. Bound Associative meaning(关联意义):According to the semantic analysis of Geoffrey Leech, the associative meaning of an expressi on has to do with in dividual men tal un dersta ndings of the speaker. 15.

Hyponymy(上下义关系)

Hyponymy deals with the relati on ship of sema ntic in clusio n. The meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. For example, a cat is hyp onym of ani mal 16.

stylistic meaning

Lan guage use can be formal, n eutral and casual in style. The stylistic features of words, which make words appropriate for appropriate situati ons, con stitute stylistic meanings of words. 17.

affective meaning

Affective mea ning refers to that part of mea ning which con veys emotio ns and attitudes of a Ian guage user. Sometimes affective mea nings are brought out only in con text. 18.

collective meaning

Collective meaning consists of the associations a word acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment. 19.

Sla ng

Slang is the "language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of sta ndard educated speech, and con sist ing either of new words or of curre nt words used in some social sen se." 20.

homoph one 同音异义词

A homoph one is a word that is pronounced the same as ano ther word but differs in mea ning

27.

Which of the followi ng is NOT an acronym? ( B ) A. TOEFL

B.ODYSSEY