2018年12月8日雅思阅读考情回顾

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2018年201X年雅思英语考试阅读步骤解析-范文word版 (2页)

2018年201X年雅思英语考试阅读步骤解析-范文word版
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201X年雅思英语考试阅读步骤解析
以下是小编带来的201X年雅思英语考试阅读步骤解析，一起来看看吧!
(1)看清题目要求，注意T/F/NG还是Y/N/NG
(2)准确理解题意，把握考点词(比较级、最高级、比较形式the same as、是非对错好坏的判断、数字、三个范围词)
(3)画出定位词(keywords)，回原文出处,做题目与原文的对比理解
List of heading
1.NB
(1)先画出所有heading中的keywords，再做文章
(2) 任何heading在正式考试中只考一次，不重复用
(3)首先将例子中选的heading划掉
2.steps
(1)画出所有heading中的keywords，注意各heading的特点
a.首段(1~2段)
如有definition, conception, notion, early一般对应文中1~2段
b. 末段(倒数1~2段)
in fact, impact, consequence 对应文章后面的段落
c. 中间段
heading中有: i.金钱符号：income, salary,$
ii.统计数字：figure,data,statisticsà数字集中。

2018年12月1日雅思阅读考情回顾

2018年12月1日雅思阅读考情回顾
一、考试时间：2018年12月1日（周六）
二、考试概述：
第一篇Homeopathy，替代治疗法。

主要讲述了替代医学中的治疗方法，可参考剑四第二套第二篇Alternative medicine in Australia和剑六第三套第三篇The search for the anti-aging pill。

第二篇The history of motor car，汽车发展史。

发明发展史文章可参考剑八第一套第一篇A chronicle of timekeeping和剑六第三套第一篇The power of the big screen。

第三篇Tuatara，新西兰物种入侵。

可参考剑八第四套第二篇Biological control of pests。

三、文章简介
第一篇Homeopathy，替代治疗法
第二篇The history of motor car，汽车发展史
第三篇Tuatara，新西兰物种入侵
四、篇章分析：。

2018专八真题解析

2018年专八试卷核对试卷一2018TEM8 作文：追求完美好还是不好ps：作文为材料作文,两则材料,材料主题为"追求完美好还是不好"！1.formal innovation2.rapport3.attending section4.writing long papers5.high numbers6.being filmed7parable questions8.a natural order9.figure out10.sensitive11.repeating12.integrate into13.logical or natural14.editing15.fundamental elements听力：1.The initial letters of an easy-to-remember phrase2.[A] he's made up his mind to change some of his passwords.3. intruders are patient enough to compute.4.[D] The US takes up the leading edge of technology.5.[A] Why not to write down passwords on notebooks6.[D] the development of genetic tests is out of people's expectation.7.[C] misgiving.8.[A] improve self-discipline of the industry.9.[D] Alienated.10. strengthen its supervision within limits.阅读：11.[C] they are lacking in skills required by certain jobs.12.[A] was a pioneer in the welfare state of Great Britain.13. the frailties of human nature.14.[D] appearance.15.[C] the pursuit of economic benefit16.[A] was a famous tragic actor in his town.17. She was a girl of frail and weak body.18. the actresses were not available then.19.[A] Dominant.20.[D] was in agreement with.21.[C] frowns upon22.[A] benefited from the opposition party's bill.23.[D] John McCain supports the bill due to his political standpoint.24. deceitful阅读回答问题：25.Proposals should be directed to the journal office.26.The analogy rests on the market economy。

2018年雅思写作真题回顾

9月8In countries where there is a high rate of unemployment, most pupils should be offered only primary education. There is no point in offering secondary education to those who have no hope of finding a job. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?Nowadays people always throw old things away. What causes this problem? What effects does the phenomenon lead to? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.8月25For school children, their teachers have more influence on their intelligence and social development than their parents. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some people say that children should go to school as young as possible, while others believe that children should go to school of at least 7 years old. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.8月18In modern society, it is possible to go shopping, work and communicate via the Internet without face-to-face contact with one another. To what extent do you think this is a positive or negative development?Some people think schools should stop teaching students by using books, because students find them boring and that children can learn from films, TV, video games and computer instead. To what extent do you agree?8月11Some animals have came to extinction. There is no reason of protecting them. Do you agree or disagree?Nowadays a large amount of advertising aiming at children should be banned because of thenegative effects. To what extent do you agree or disagree?7月28Some people think that news media have become much more influential in people’s lives today and that this is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later, some people think that they are the best people to talk to school students the danger of committing a crime. To what extent do youagree or disagree?7月21In some countries, students studying in university live with their family, whereas in others countries,students choose to study in another city. Do you think the benefits outweigh the disadvantages? Some businesses find that when new employees join them after finishing their education, they lackbasic interpersonal skills such as the ability to work with their colleagues as part of a team. What doyou think are the causes of this problem and what measures could be taken to solve it?(问题类)7月7Students in school or university learn more from classes of teachers than other resources(e.g. Internet or TV), do you agree or disagree?People have different views on how to reduce traffic congestion. Some think that governments should build more train and subway lines, while others think that building more and wider roads will reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your opinion.6月30Large shopping centers and supermarkets become more popular than small market. Do you think this development is positive or negative?An increasing number of people are changing their career during their working time. What causes this trend and is it a positive or negative development?6月23Some people think the lifestyles changing rapidly has affecting their family relationships. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Give your opinion.More and more people want to buy famous brands of clothes, cars and other items. What are the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?6月2Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Many people today prefer to socializing online to spending time with friends in local community. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?5月19Some people believe that the range of technology available to individuals is increasing the gap between the rich people and the poor people. Others think this has an opposite effect. Discuss both view and give your own opinion.。

2018年专八英语阅读理解训练题及答案

2018年专⼋英语阅读理解训练题及答案⼀分耕耘，⼀分收获;要收获的好，必须耕耘的好。

以下是店铺为⼤家搜索整理的2018年专⼋英语阅读理解训练题及答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助! The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market.Naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon prices but if the FRB had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might have been to the 80% or even 90% level.Such an increases in the margin rate is a confirmation of a strong stock market and since 19…,such increases have resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later.Obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guideline—and if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same course—continued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism. The margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous year—and the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part.In past Investment Letters we have voiced the thought that speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point.We continue to believe that this could be the case.For example, steel stocks tend to sell at certain fixed price/earnings ratios.Below a certain ratio they are considered good value—above a certain ratio, overpriced.If a company produces a unique product it is far more difficult for market analysis to place a numerical ratio upon the company’s earnings.We have also contended in the past Letters that the stock market reflects mass psychology as well as the business outlook.When investors—both the public and the institutions—are nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buy stocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields.These same investors—when they are in an optimistic frame of mind—become for less preoccupied with yields and more wiling to pay a premium(high p/e multiples) for accelerated growth.If the public’s attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then this period seems to have been one of optimism. 1.The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is ___________ [A]A Time to Sell Stock. [B]A Strong Stock Market [C]Raising the Margin Rate [C]Price/earnings Ratio in Steel 2.When investors are pessimistic what do they do? [A]They look to the FRB for help. [B]They buy steel [C]They buy automobile stocks. [D]They look for high yields. 3.Why does the writer believe that speciality stocks could outperform the general market? [A]Because analysis have difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio. [B]Because the activity had been limited to blue chips. [C]Because the rise was conservative. [D]Because of the FRB action. 4.When investors are optimistic, what do they do? [A]They look for accelerated growth. [B]They buy speciality stocks. [C]They look for high yields. [C]They are more prudent. Vocabulary 1. margin rate 保证⾦率，边际⽐率 2. rampant⽆约束⼒，猖獗的，蔓延的 3. stem遏制 4. stem from滋长，源⾃ 5. underpin 加强……基础，⽀持 6. underpinning⽀持物，基础(建筑物下的) 7. preoccupy先占，使专⼼于，吸引住 8. undue 过分的，⾮法的，不适当的 9. interim间歇;暂时的，间歇的 10.guideline⽅针，指导路线 11.underscore 在……下⾯划线，强调 12.point up 加强，强调 13.bluechip 兰筹股票 14.blue-chip兰筹的 15.outperform在使⽤上胜过 16.overprice将……标价过⾼ 17.numerical ratio 数率，数字⽐率 18.earnings收益，利润，收⼊ 19.contend 竞争，坚决主张，争论 20.premium佣⾦，酬⾦难句译注 1.The increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the public—actually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignified—but rather an attempt by the Federal Reserve Board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market. [结构简析] 是not…but句型，两个破折号中间是插⼊成分;中插⼊⼀个带with+N+participle 短语 [参考译⽂] 保证⾦率从50%增长到70%，并不是想要遏制群众⽅⾯猖獗的'投机，⽽是联邦储备委员会想要保持现存于股市强劲基础——事实上股市由于群众⾮常庄严的参与——在技术上看起来相当强劲。

2018年专八作文及答案解析

2018年专八作文及答案解析英文回答：In 2018, I took the Proficiency Test for English Majors (TEM-8), which is also known as the "Special Test for English Majors Band 8". This test is widely recognized as one of the most challenging English exams in China, and passing it is a requirement for many English-related job positions.The test consisted of three parts: listening, reading, and writing. In the listening section, I had to listen to various recordings and answer questions based on the content. This part tested my ability to understand spoken English in different contexts, such as conversations, interviews, and lectures. It was quite challenging because the speakers had different accents and the recordings covered a wide range of topics.The reading section required me to read a variety oftexts, including articles, essays, and reports, and answer questions based on the information provided. This parttested my reading comprehension skills and my ability to analyze and interpret written English. Some of the passages were quite lengthy and complex, so I had to read carefully and quickly to answer the questions within the given time limit.Finally, the writing section was perhaps the most challenging part of the test. I had to write an essay on a given topic within a limited time frame. This part testedmy ability to express my ideas clearly and coherently in written English. I had to organize my thoughts, provide supporting evidence, and present a well-structured argument. It required not only a good command of English grammar and vocabulary but also critical thinking and analytical skills.Overall, taking the TEM-8 exam was a demanding experience. It required a lot of preparation and practiceto improve my English skills and familiarize myself withthe test format. However, I believe that the effort was worth it, as passing this exam opens up many opportunitiesfor me in the future.中文回答：2018年，我参加了英语专业八级考试（TEM-8），这也被称为“英语专业八级考试”。

2018年12月雅思大作文合集（上）

2018年12月雅思大作文合集（上）本期大作文供稿：章跃我们先看☟☟☟12月8日真题（写作细节）：Some people believe that schools should choose their students according to their abilities. Others think that students with different abilities should learn together.Discuss both of the views and give your opinion.【Introduction】There have been proposals that students should be divided and grouped according to their abilities, including how capable they are respectively. 前一句话把信息交待清楚完善，后一句话就依托前一句话所建立起来的语境写个短句【写作法：语句间的配合】 There has meanwhile been opposition. If I had to take one side, I would choose the former. 喜欢套话么？这一句就是。

【以Body部分的一个Paragraph为例，分解写作如下】First, the divided admission is favorable to both teaching and learning, and the one-group arrangement may be unfavorable. 中心句之后，讨论“为什么”/“怎么样”Onecircumstance is when students’ scholastic aptitudes are at the same high level, there is no waiting for the slow-movers, whose response can take forever, and the progress of teaching is smooth. 语法/句法：长难句：主句的表语部分是个名词性从句，名词行从句又由状语从句和复合句组成 By contrast, in a classroom where students’ abilities vary, 语法/句法：换用介词短语的状语形式，不同于上一句的when引到的状语从句 teachers need to do the juggling and may still be too fast or too slow for certain students, under which circumstance 语法/句法：主句的内容再作为从句的状语信息 the flow of teaching is never appropriate. 写作法：两个长难/信息丰富句后跟短句Meanwhile, this mode of division also benefits students. 写作法：总述的句子比较短，信息较少，“为什么”/“怎么样”的句子较长信息较多 When students at the same level learn together, they learn at the synchronized pace. Moving at the same pace, 写作法：通过“重复”（但是在表述上替换）来建立语句间的联系 the whole class learn with efficiency and effectiveness. They are not stalled by the slow learners or need to catch up with the high-achievers.【Body部分的另一个Paragraph略】【Conclusion略】我们然后看☟☟☟12月1日真题（语句间的“长长短短”——长短搭配）：Some people argue that the spending of money on the development of technology of space exploration is not justifiable. They believe that the money should be spent on other things.这一句也是讨论的核心，不要不讨论；同时，题目暗示了比较关系：space exploration vs. other things To what extentdo you agree or disagree?【Introduction】Developing space technologies, such as satellites, space shuttles, and space stations, is worth the money.前一句话把信息交待清楚完善，后一句话就依托前一句话所建立起来的语境写个短句【写作法：语句间的配合】No matter what the sum写作法：通过“重复”（但是在表述上替换）来建立语句间的联系 is, it should not be spent elsewhere.【Body部分的第一个Paragraph，讨论作者立场的反面】*Admittedly, a government budget is divided, and every sector deserves their fair shares. 中句* In other words, those other undertakings definitely matter, and the investment is necessary. 中句* However, it would be unfair if they took more than the fair amounts. 短句* Compared with other tasks, which serve to improve people’s life quality, keeping a nation affluent, healthy, and civilized, space exploration matters to the survival of the entire humanity, an issue more critical than life quality. 长句* Humans probe the surroundings of our mother planet and travel further to study stars that interact with the Earth to see whether we are in a safe environment. 长句【Body部分的另一个Paragraph，讨论作者的立场】* Meanwhile, space projects are to search outer space for other planets and useful matters. 中句* This makes perfect sense. 短句* Humans, one day, in the distant or foreseeable future, will have to migrate to another planet, and the search for another habitable planet is necessary. 长句* Some matters may be found exclusively in space andessential for many studies conducted on the Earth. 长句* If the funding were pulled and humans were therefore caged in our little world, how would humans be able to make even a marginal breakthrough in the many other fields where research has been stagnant despite the billions of dollars of input? 长句* The breakthrough will happen in no way.短句【Conclusion略】。

2018年12月8日雅思阅读考情回顾

2018年12月8日雅思阅读考情回顾一、考试时间：2018年12月8日（周六）二、考试概述：第一篇Australia’s cane toad problems，澳大利亚害虫问题。

可参考剑八第四套第二篇Biological Control of pests和剑十第四套第三篇When evolution runs backwards。

第二篇New filters promise water to millions，滤水器的发明。

可参考剑八第一套第一篇 A chronicle of timekeeping和剑十第一套第一篇Stepwells。

第三篇Who should look after babies in Britain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同。

可参考剑六第四套第二篇Do literate women make better mothers和剑五第三套第一篇Early Childhood Education。

三、文章简介第一篇Australia’s cane toad problems，澳大利亚害虫问题第二篇New filters promise water to millions，滤水器的发明第三篇 Who should look after babies in Britain，男性和女性照顾孩子的异同四、篇章分析：Passage 1文章内容澳大利亚的某种害虫的幼虫啃食澳大利亚植物的根，为了解决的这种问题，澳大利亚从北美引入cane toad, 但事实证明cane toad的引入却是一种失败，并没有能够解决问题反而霸占了越来越多的其他动物群fanua的栖息地。

填空题7，判断题 6题型分布与答案参考答案回忆待补充相关拓展The rapid spread of Australia's cane toad pestsThey are toxic invaders that have conquered swathes of northernAustralia as they continue their seemingly irrepressible march westtowards the Indian Ocean.Packed with poison and supremely adaptable, the dreaded cane toad, orBufo marinus, has few friends in Australia, where a massive scientific andcommunity effort has failed to stop their advance."They probably have moved about halfway through that tropical regionof Western Australia," explained Rick Shine, a professor in biology at the University of Sydney. "They are in very inaccessible country now in the Kimberley. It is very hard to get detailed information on exactly where the front is but it seems to be moving at 50 to 60km (31 to 37 miles) per annum."The warty amphibians move only during the wet season. Although tracking studies have shown many hop less than 10 metres a day, those atthe front line have grown bigger and faster."The guys at the invasion front up in the tropics are moving often kilometres in a single night and they have evolved this very distinctive behaviour," Prof Shine told the BBC."They've actually evolved differences in shape and physiology as well. Essentially they have turned into these dispersal machines and they moveas far as they can, as fast as they can." Experts are reluctant to speculateon how many of these unwelcome pests have been unleashed across Australia's north. They are prolific breeders - some estimates put the figure at around 1.5 billion - but it is impossible to know for sure.Australia has a long and depressing history of inadvertently introducingwrecking ball species as pets and livestock, or for sport. Examples include foxes, pigs and rabbits, goats, camels and cats. Invasive plants and fish have also had a dramatic effect on native flora and fauna, but it is the cane toad that is widely reviled above all else.How did they arrive?For Australia, the grim story began in the sugar cane plantations of Puerto Rico, which had imported giant toads from South America to eatthe grubs that were devouring the crop.Word spread of the successes of these bug-catching amphibians and by the 1930s, the cane toads were being sent around the world. In 1935, 101toads arrived in Far North Queensland in areas including Cairns and Innisfail, before being bred in captivity. Their progeny was released on missions to hunt and kill cane-destroying beetles on Australia's north-eastcoast.have snared countless numbers over the Community toad “musters”years. In 2005 David Tollner, a former federal MP, famously urged Northern Territory residents to help squash the problem with their golfclubs and cricket bats - effectively turning eradication into sport.Then there was the so-called "bottom-line" defence supported by the RSPCA in Darwin, which recommended killing captured amphibians bysmearing them with haemorrhoid cream, which acted as an anaesthetic.In 2009, toads crossed the Western Australian border with the Northern Territory, more than 2,000km from the site of their original release 74 years earlier.It was a dark day that conservationists had both dreaded and seen coming. The invasion penetrated the Kimberley region, an area three times the size of England and regarded as a wilderness frontier. "Sadly,the Kimberley has lost the battle to the cane toad. They have invaded close to 70% of the Kimberley, so the toads are well and truly on their way to the northern coastal areas," said Lee Scott-Virtue, the president of Kimberley Toadbusters, a group she set up in 2004."It has been a really disturbing lesson. The problem is they are adaptingto dry, desert conditions. They are adjusting to very cold climates and they are actually starting to breed in saline water."Most recent discoveryOn Wednesday, wildlife rangers revealed a cane toad was found beside aroad near Mount Kosciuszko in southern New South Wales. Authoritiessuspect it was carried in by a tourist, and have not found other evidenceof the species there. Nonetheless, they are concerned. "There are certainlyenvironment and times of the year when such an animal could persist(survive)," Dave Woods, a state wildlife officer, told the AustralianBroadcasting Corp. He said toads could provide a fresh threat toendangered species in the area, a national park.The toads are devourers of insects and other small prey, but they are attheir most destructive when they are eaten by larger predators, such assnakes, goannas and freshwater crocodiles. A large gland on the toad'sshoulder is loaded with deadly cardiac toxins.In an unusual move, researchers are trying to train predators to avoidlarger cane toads by feeding them smaller specimens, which make themill but should not kill them. These so-called taste-aversion strategiesinclude feeding sausages made of minced amphibian to northern quolls, acarnivorous marsupial. They eat the meat, which causes vomiting, in thehope it will put them off eating toads again. A large-scale trial is due tostart in Western Australia soon. Corrin Everitt, from the state'sDepartment of Parks and Wildlife, told the BBC that while the projectcould ensure fewer large predators were lost, it would not halt theinvasion. "At the moment we're predicting the toads to take at least fiveyears to reach the Broome area," she said. "They are an amazing animalwhen you take away all the ugliness about them. You just wish that ournative species could be as adaptable and successful in colonising areas asthey are."Passage 2：文章内容讲述Mr. Flynn偶然间发明的一种water filter,不仅便宜好用，而且还讲述了water filter的制作过程。

2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析

2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析Section A（空气污染篇）millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26__ occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27__ with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes28__ like home heating and cooking, has remain 29__over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30__ it a s an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31__,” he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income 32__ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they 33__ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34__ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related ailments. In many European countries, where diesel 35__ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands.题目解析：本次四级选词填空相比往年的难度并没有过多差异，单词的考察的还是不同词性用法以及词正确形式的使用。

2018年201X年12月08日的雅思大作文word版本 (6页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X年12月08日的雅思大作文201X年12月08日曾经有过雅思考试，为此小编为大家带来201X年12月08日的雅思考试的大作文回顾。

201X年雅思大作文回顾(201X.12.8) Some people believe that the aim of university education is to help graduates find better jobs while some othershold that there are wider benefits for the individual and the society. Discuss both viewpoints and give your own opinion.201X年上半年雅思大作文回顾(201X.1.6)Nowadays, people are changing their jobs rapidly, and many think they can’t depend on the same job for life. Discuss the reasons for the phenomenonand make some suggestions.(201X.1.13) Some people think universities should provide knowledge and skills related to future career, others think the true function of university is to give access to knowledge that students are interested in. What is your opinion of the main function of university?(201X.1.20)Some people say that governments should pay for the health care and education but other people say that it is not the governments' responsibility. Discuss the both viewpoints and giveyour opinion.(201X.2.3) Some people think that individuals are not ableimprove the environment, only government and companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agreeor disagree?(201X.2.10) Some people think that maintaining public librariesis waste of time because computer technologies have already replaced its function. Do you agree or disagree?(201X.3.3)Some people think schools should select pupils according to their academic ability, and others believe pupils with different abilities should be educated together. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Use an example to support your idea.(201X.3.10) With the increasing use of mobile phones, less people tend to write letters. Some people believe that writing letters will disappearcompletely. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(201X.3.31)Nowadays, people perform their everyday tasks, such as banking, shopping as well as business transactions, without the need of meeting other people face to face. What are the possible effects of the phenomenon on the individual and the society as a whole?(201X.4.14)Some people believe that advertisements should be banned since they serve no useful purpose and can even be damaging. To what extentdo you agree or disagree?(201X.4.21) Nowadays, customers are facing increasing advertisements with the competitionof different companies. To what extent do you think customers are influenced by advertisements? What measures can be taken to protect the customers? (新题/分析建议类)(201X.5.12) Some people believe that some unpaid community service should be a compulsorypart of high school programs. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (旧题/教育类)(201X.5.19) Nowadays, computers are used more and more widely in the field of education. In which areas are computers more important and in which areas are teachers more important?(全新题、教育类)(201X.6.2)Today, more and more developing countries are expanding tourist industry. Why is it the case? Do you regard it as positive or negative? (半新题/社会现象类)(201X.6.16) In many countries traditionalfoods are being replaced by international fast foods. Some people think that there are negative effects on both families and the society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (半新题/社会现象类)雅思大作文的结尾段技巧招式一：回答问题answer thequestionE.g. When a country develops its technology; the traditionalskills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?In conclusion, without suggesting that all technology is necessarily good, I thinkit is by no means ‘ pointless’, in any way, to try to keep traditions alive with technology. We should not ignore technology, because it can be our friendand support our way of life.这个结尾段落明确地提出了自己的观点，不是所有的科技都是好的，但是科技也不是完全没有用处的。

2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析

2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析Section A（空气污染篇）millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26__ occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27__ with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes28__ like home heating and cooking, has remain 29__over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30__ it a s an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31__,” he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income 32__ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they 33__ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34__ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related ailments. In many European countries, where diesel 35__ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands.题目解析：本次四级选词填空相比往年的难度并没有过多差异，单词的考察的还是不同词性用法以及词正确形式的使用。

2018年12月8日托福阅读真题整理

2018年12月8日托福阅读真题整理
托福考试中，阅读是非常重要的一部分，在准备考试的时候，需要大家着重研究真题。

那么接下来就和看看2018年12月8日托福阅读真题整理。

12月8日的托福考试已经结束了，小编也为大家第一时间更新了考后的回忆。

对于还在准备托福考试的同学来说，这些内容，都是同学们最好的复习资料。

具体的阅读的考题内容如下：
1.恐龙是温血动物的证据
2.饮食结构中植物
Mycenaean Collapse
4.19th railroads in us
ing challenges of great bastuard
megafauna的灭绝，人类狩猎和气候变化哪一个是导致大型动物灭绝的原因（fauna Extinctions in Ancient Australia）
7.18世纪欧洲的发展（先是繁荣然后出现了通货膨胀的危机）
8.巨石阵是怎么被建造的
9.北欧国家要给古董分类，分是哪个age的，stone，iron等。

2018年专八真题阅读理解第一篇的难点注释

2018年专八真题阅读理解第一篇的难点注释2018年专八阅读理解难点注释第一篇、1.Department of Immigration-- 澳大利亚移民局。

从2017年12月20日起它已更名为Department of Home Affairs，简称DHA。

澳大利亚内务事务部2.close on接近3.assisted passage援助移民4.migrate移居5.proceed续进行：进行或前进6.ambitious雄心勃勃的7.envisage/ ɪn`vɪzɪdʒ /展望; 想像8.mineral采自地下的任何物质; （尤指）金属矿石9.injection注入10.exploit利用或开发（尤指矿藏和其他自然资源）11.continental United States美国大陆，美国本土，不包括阿拉斯加，夏威夷，其他美属太平洋岛。

12.descent出身; 血统13.recruit招聘14.frontier国界15.subsidized passage补贴移民，补助移民16.drawback缺点17.integration与社区融合（尤指种族间）18.continental migrant欧洲大陆移民（continental 指）19.gravitate•（受到或好象受到一种无法抗拒的力量的吸引）移向20.colony侨居地21.avow公开宣称/ əˈvau;22.substantially大体上23.homogeneous/ ˏhɔməˈdʒiːnɪəs/同质化社会24.by and large大体上; 基本上25.selective挑挑拣拣的26.cause of concern令人担忧的问题27.country of origin原籍国,出生国28.return fare返程票29.outside lavatory室外卫生间30.crudity粗鲁 /'kruːdɪtɪ/31.stark荒凉的; 光秃秃的32.council housing-- (美国称为 public housing•)33.houses or flats owned by the government for which the rent is lower than homes that are privately owned公租房34.National Health scheme国民医疗服务制度，英国的医保35.housebound困居家中的36.inadequate不充分的37.outlying偏僻的, 边远的38.correspondence通信,信件往来39.Housing Commission home 澳大利亚联邦住房委员会的廉租房40.wage packet--薪金或工资（美国用法：paycheck）the money that you earn, especially when it is given to you in notes and coins in an envelope41.qualification--（获得的）学位, 文凭, 证书, 执照等42.anything but根本不,决不43.rosy picture美好的景象44.Aussie澳洲人 /'ɔ:si:; 'ɔzi/45.blow one's own trumpet 自吹自擂46.go down heart-break alley 步入伤心路47.expansive开放的，慷慨的。

2018 年雅思阅读考情与解析

2018 年雅思阅读考情与解析1. 考试概述：2. 真题解析Passage 1题型：判断6+图表填空7 标题：The history of Guitar 新旧程度：旧题主旨：本文主要介绍了吉他的发展历史。

第四、五段：说明了吉他的形成和改良，并介绍各类吉他如classical guitar, braced guitar 以及electronic Guitar 的形成与发展。

第六段：描述guitar 的进一步的运用参考答案：[判断6]Questions 1-6Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1. FALSE2. TRUE3.NOT GIVEN4.NOT GIVEN新通教育5. TRUE6. FALSE[图表填空7]Questions 7-13Passage 2题型：段落信息配对8 +判断4+选择1标题：The war of Plants新旧程度：新题题材：动植物类主旨：文章主要讲解了植物靠自己散发化学物质来保护自己，两个或多个植物之间能相互影响和支持。

第一段：介绍各类植物的一些自我保护措施，如有的将叶子卷起防止水分流失，有的长出容貌防止昆虫叮咬等等。

第二段：描述一些植物通过分泌化学物质自我保护第三段：提及植物生存竞争的概念并剧烈说明第四段：描述了研究植物相关化学物质的功能第五、六段：提及研究植物生存竞争机制对于农业的作用参考答案：[段落信息配对8]14. D 15.B 16.A17. C18.B新通教育19. F20. E21. A[判断4]Questions 22-25Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 22-25on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this22. FALSE23. NOT GIVEN 24.FALSE 25.TRUE[选择1]26. DPassage 3题型：双选2+摘要填空5+图表填空5标题：Cave Robber Experience新旧程度：新题题材：科学研究类主旨：文章主要介绍了一篇研究报告，研究一群小男孩在特定比赛环境里分成两队的竞争意识。

2018年1-12月雅思小作文汇总

比较一所学校从1985年到现在的变化2018/01/13四个饼状图，分别是关于一个欧洲国家在1901，1941，1981以及将来2021年的人口结构。

(图表暂缺)The following chart shows the amount of tea and coffee (in tonnes) imported by Canada, the UK, the USA and Germany.2018/01/20The graphs show the number of yearly visits (in millions) from France and North America to the U.K., for holiday and business reasons.2018/02/01The graphs show the changes of temperature in Canberra and Brisbaneand the average number of days with rainfall in the two cities.2018/02/03The graph below gives information about the common activities children of different ages in the United States do as part of their bedtime routines.2018/02/10The graph shows the size of ozone layer hole in Antarctic and the production of three kinds of ozone-damaging gases from 1980 to 2000.2018/02/24The table below shows the percentage of government spending in education and training and participants between 18 and 24 year olds infive European countries in 2002.2018/03/03The following charts illustrate the information about players of electronic games in South Korea in 2003.The chart below shows the average snow depth in Canada during the 6 months. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.2018/03/15The charts below show the percentage and exact time (weekly)males and females spent on house tasks in 2010 of a country.The graphs below show the performance of the trains in a train company in October and November in 2008.2018/04/07The plans below show the South Wing of Walton Museum in 2008 and 2012 after it was redeveloped. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.2018/04/14The table gives information of 5 types of product exported from HongKong in 2009 and 2010.2018/04/21The graph below shows the number of new homes built in a particularregion in the UK from 2010 and the number predicted for 2020.2018/04/26The table and bar chart give the information about the UK cruise passengers in 1995 and 2003.2018/05/05The graph below shows the average heights of men from four countries between 1775 and 1975.2018/05/12The charts show the total water use in different sectors in Sydney, Australia in 1997 and 2007.2018/05/19The diagram below shows the process of applying for American driving license.2018/05/24The chart and table show the population size and life expectancy of three countries.2018/06/02The maps below show the layouts of the museum in 1998 and 2008.The table below shows the use of water by four different countries.2018/06/23The maps show the campus layout now and a plan for development.2018/06/30The chart below shows the percentage of males and females who were overweight in Australia between 1980 and 2010.2018/07/07The chart below compares the resources used to make 10,000 paper cups and polystyrene cups.The chart below shows the average class size in six countries in 2006, and compares them with world average class size.2018/07/21The diagram above shows the process of recycled paper production.The chart below shows the percentage of boys and girls who participate in different sports activities in 2010.2018/08/02The graph below shows the production of main fuels in UK between 1968 and 2000.The chart shows the percentage of the total world population in four countries in 1950, 2002 and 2050.2018/08/18The maps show the riverside park in 2010 and riverside park now.2018/08/25This table provides information about the daily production of petroleum measured in barrels in four African nations from 2000 to 2004.2018/09/08The table and charts below give information on total value of fish imports to the U.S. and sources of fish imports to the U.S. from 1998 to 2007. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.2018/09/13The tabl e and graph bel ow show the number of cinema visits in Australia from 1994 to 2002. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where rel evant.2018/09/15The chart shows the changes in the percentage of households with cars in a European country between 1971 and 2001. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.2018/09/29The graph bel ow shows percentages of different types of household waste, which were recycl ed in one city between 1992 and 20012. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.2018/10/11The graph bel ow shows the percentage of househol ds with different kinds of technology in the UK from 1997 to 2001. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant. Summarize the information by sel ecting and reporting the main features. Makecomparisons where relevant.2018/10/13The diagram shows how an office building looks at present and the plan for its future development. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisonswhere relevant.2018/10/20The chart shows how people are satisfied with three different hospitals. Summarize the information by selecting and reportingthe main features. Make comparisons where relevant.2018/10/27The graph shows the development of a particular college campus from 1975 to 2002 and the proposed devel opment of 2022. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.2018/11/01The chart bel ow shows the average time that 16-22-year ol ds spent on playing video games in four different countries between 1992 and 2002. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.2018/11/03The tabl e bel ow shows the percentage of water used in three sectors in 6 different countries in 2003. Summarize the information by sel ecting and reporting the main features. Makecomparisons where relevant.The tabl e bel ow shows the number of people having private cars in every 1000 people in six countries in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.（六个国家分别是Monaco, New Zealand, The United States, Singapore, Thailand 和Australia, 表格待补充）2018/11/17The graph below shows the production in the forest industry in a European county. The production is respectively related to timber, pulp and paper during the years between 1980 and 2000. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.The chart bel ow shows the percentage of people who can drive to various services in 15 minutes or less in one region in the UK. The chart compares the people living in urban areas and living in rural areas. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.2018/12/08The pie chart and tabl e below show the information about tourist from different regions and countries going to a holiday resort in Australia. Summarize the information by sel ecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.2018/12/13The diagram bel ow shows the process to make green tea, black tea and small leaf black tea through few simple steps. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features. Make comparisons where relevant.2018/12/15The charts bel ow show the distribution of empl oyment among agriculture, services, industries in three countries in 1980 and the projections of distribution in 2020. Summarize the information by sel ecting and reporting the main features. Makecomparisons where relevant.。

2018年12月15日雅思阅读考情回顾

2018年12月15日雅思阅读考情回顾
一、考试时间：2018年12月15日（周六）
二、考试概述：
临近年底，雅思阅读很少有新题出现，本次考试三篇全为经典旧题。

第一篇，The dinosaurs footprints and extinction介绍恐龙的灭绝，是2016年10月13日和2012年11月3日旧题，也在2015年11月19日作为AB卷的一篇出现过。

第二篇是2013年3月2日和2017年6月24日的旧题，叫作Tackling Hunger in Msekeni，介绍的是马拉维的一个城市如何处理粮食与教育的矛盾问题的。

第三篇group behavior，研究团队的行为差异，是2016年2月18日，2013年2月14日以及2014年3月1日的旧题。

三、文章简介
Passage 1: The dinosaurs footprints and extinction，恐龙的足迹与灭绝
Passage 2: Tackling Hunger in Msekeni，粮食与教育
Passage 3: group behavior，集体行为
四、篇章分析：。

精编版-2018年12月雅思真题回忆及解析1

2018年12月雅思真题回忆及解析信念和斗志宜聚，懈怠和悲观宜散，我们的斗志因信念而燃起，不懈怠、不悲观，落实每一个知识点。

无忧考网搜集整理了2018年12月雅思真题回忆及解析，希望对大家有所帮助。

2018年12月举行了4场考试，时间分别为12月1日、12月8日、12月13日、12月15日。

以下内容仅供参考。

12月1日雅思口语真题回忆：一、考试概述：以下为9-12月高频题，请考生扎实准备。

Part 1：考频 151Work or studies2Accommodation3Cities4Hometown5Holiday6Shoes7Weather8Foreign food9Cooking10Music11Plants12Rainy days13Paintings14Morning routines 15SportsPart 2：考频 15 1美丽的城市2想学的外语3最近读的书4有趣的动物5有趣的地方6好法律7开心经历8有趣的工作9青少年10上网搜信息11最喜欢的歌12常用网站13特定场合穿的衣服14特别能说的人15建筑二、具体题目分析Describe a friend you had as a child/ teenager.When and how you first met this friendWhat you liked to do togetherWhat you had in commonand explain why this friendship was important to youSpeaking of a childhood friend, I would like to talk about Paul. He was a really good friend of mine. I met Paul when I was 6 or 7 years old，he was tall and slim. I first met him in school because he was my desk mate, and we found out we lived in the same area. Since then we had spent almost 6 years together until he was transferred to another school.We did lots of things together when we were neighbours, classmates and good friends. We used to go to school and study together, we also played at our home, read and sometimes went to picnic together.We had many common interests, for example, both of us liked playing video games, reading stories, running in the field, watching cartoons, animated movies. In addition, I think we had similar taste in food, we both liked sweets. At that time, we went to candy shop with our parents almost every weekend.I believe that this friendship was particularly important for me at that moment because it is good to have companionship and fun when you are growing up. More importantly, these happy memories are related to my childhood, which had become an unrepeatable part of my life.12月1日雅思写作真题回忆：TASK 1类型：柱状图题目：The charts below show the percentage of males and females who were overweight in Australia between 1980 and 2010. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.TASK 2类型：教育类题目：Some people think that money spent on developing technology on space exploration is not justified, they think there are more beneficial ways to cost. To what extent do you agree or disagree ?12月1日雅思听力真题回忆：Section 1场景：游玩住宿项目预定题型：填空参考答案：1.three adults and two children2.accommodation3.2 weeks4.menu5.massage6.hotel7.15 October8.caravan9.golf10.fishing (tent)Section 2场景：某城镇运动题型：地图+匹配参考答案：(待补充)Section 3场景：关于达芬奇一副古画鉴定的研究题型：单选+匹配参考答案：21-24)Multiple Choice21.why did John think Jackson Pollock’s painting is fake? A are too easy to make fake copyB his work is complexC look simple and childish22.why initially John think 5 pounds 的画作 is fake?A it is too cheapB background featured wrong colored 颜色搭配不好C back of documentation23.why international foundation reject 5 pounds 的画作? A the material appliedB what’s on the backC featured in coloring mismatched24.John and Emily both agree on what?A new method will replace the traditional method to identify paintingB scientists and artists can work together to evaluate the painting 25-30)Matching-Flow ChatSection 4场景：连锁店改革题型：填空参考答案：31.The government should open more branches of petrol station to increase its market share in England. (政府应该增设加油站来增加在英国的市场份额。

2018雅思考试阅读精选材料整理(5).doc

2018雅思考试阅读精选材料整理（5）Celebrity Endorsements：An Examination of Gender and Consumers’ AttitudesCelebrity endorsements have long been used as a source of marketing messages to promote a wide variety of products and services. Companies have been spending huge amounts of money to have athletes and other celebrities endorse both sports and non-sports products. Celebrity images can be found in print，radio，and approximately 20 percent of all television commercials (Boyd and Shank 2004). Within a relatively short time，the amount of money spent on athletes in advertising has skyrocketed. In 1986，companies paid approximately $100 million for endorsements，licensing rights，and advertising (Peetz，Parks，and Spencer 2004). Ten years later，that amount had risen to more than $1 billion，as athlete endorsement expenditures have hovered around $1 billion dollars annually for the past ten years (Peetz，Parks，and Spencer 2004).The actions of athletic products manufacturer Nike underscores the nature of spending on athlete endorsements. During an eight-month period in 2004，Nike invested $192 million inendorsement deals with National Basketball Association (NBA) rookies Lebron James ($90 million) and Carmello Anthony ($15 million); NBA star Kobe Bryant ($45 million); tennis star Serena Williams ($40 million); 14-year old U.S. soccer talent Freddy Adu ($1 million); and Canadian world champion hurdler Perdita Felicien ($1 million). These were deals within an eight-month timeframe and did not take into account existing deals with golfer Tiger Woods，National Football League player Michael Vick (currently serving a prison sentence and suspended by the NFL)，Major League Baseball’s Derek Jeter，track’s Marion Jones (another athlete who recently admitted to drug use and had her 2000 Olympic medals stripped)，and soccer’s Mia Hamm (Thomaselli 2004).As a result of the pervasiveness of celebrity endorsement in advertising，much has been studied and written about this phenomenon over the past several years (for recent examples，see Bailey 2007; Biswas，Biswas，and Das 2006; Thomson 2006). The studies have explored a number of issues related to such factors as the relative effectiveness of celebrity endorsers in advertising，the factors that impact consumer response to celebrity endorsers，and，more recently，the consequences of negative information or publicity surrounding a celebrity endorser (for example，Bailey2007; Louie and Obermiller 2002; Silvera and Austad 2004; Till and Shimp 1998). The introductory quote from Peetz，Parks，and Spencer (2004) encapsulates the reasons that marketers have been using celebrities as endorsers，while Jones and Schumann (2000) underscore that there is a high price tag attached to this endeavor.Although the use of athletes as endorsers and the amount of money spent on these endorsers is increasing，there still remains much to be learned about how consumers perceive athlete endorsers and the variables that influence endorser effectiveness. More specifically，we know little about the impact of gender-both gender of the consumer and gender of the endorser-on consumers’ attitudes and perceptions. The study seeks to determine whether the gender of the consumer who is exposed to a celebrity endorsement will impact how that consumer views a male or female celebrity endorser. The paper is organized as follows：First，background information on celebrity endorsement is presented and testable hypotheses are developed. We then provide details of an experimental study that was undertaken to test these hypotheses. The results of the experiment are presented and these findings are discussed. Finally，the study’s limitations are highlighted and avenues for future research are suggested.。

2018英语专八考试阅读理解精讲材料

2018英语专八考试阅读理解精讲材料No man is born wise or learned.以下是小编为大家搜索整理的2018英语专八考试阅读理解精讲材料，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!The Only Way to Travel is on Foot精读原文：The past ages of man have all been carefully labeledby anthropologists. Descriptions like 'PalaeolithicMan', 'Neolithic Man', etc., neatly sum up wholeperiods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentiethcentury, they will surely choose the label'Legless Man'. Histories of the time will go somethinglike this: 'in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women movedabout in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all largebuildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of thattime because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn't use their legs evenwhen they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of everyhuge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks.'The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In ourhurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel givesyou a bird's-eye view of the world – or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get inyour way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantlysmears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go onand on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for seatravel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: 'Ijoined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea.' The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says 'I've been there.'You mention the remotest, mostevocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say'I've been there'– meaning, 'I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhereelse. 'When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the futurebecause you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. Butactual arrival, when it is achieved,is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling likethis, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well bedead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him travelingand arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. Heexperiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the endof his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleepwill be his: the just reward of all true travellers.【阅读练习题】1、Anthorpologists label nowaday's men 'Legless' becauseA people forget how to use his legs.B people prefer cars, buses and trains.C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.D there are a lot of transportation devices.2、Travelling at high speed meansA people's focus on the future.B a pleasure.C satisfying drivers' great thrill.D a necessity of life.3、Why does the author say 'we are deprived of the use of our eyes' ?A People won't use their eyes.B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless.C People can't see anything on his way of travel.D People want to sleep during travelling.4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A Legs become weaker.B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.C There is no need to use eyes.D The best way to travel is on foot.5. What does 'a bird's-eye view' mean?A See view with bird's eyes.B A bird looks at a beautiful view.C It is a general view from a high position looking down.D A scenic place.【答案详解】1.A 人们忘了用脚。