2020学硕研究生实用英语试卷(广东工业大学)
(精校版)广东工业大学研究生英语试卷(精)
(完整word版)广东工业大学研究生英语试卷(精)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整word版)广东工业大学研究生英语试卷(精)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为(完整word版)广东工业大学研究生英语试卷(精)的全部内容。
English Final for Postgraduates （A2 HoursPart I Vocabulary （25％Choose the best answer from the four choices given。
26。
Whatever your argument， I shallAhold back Bhold onChold to Dhold up27。
The constancy of human nature is , as no one believes that a man can fundamentallychange his nature。
Aproven BproverbialCprovisional Dprovocative28. Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societaland group practices and expectations ________ romantic experience.A shapeB polishC resistD stir29。
Married partners may love each other even though they rarely, or never，_______physical intimacy.A engage withB engage inC engine withD engine in30。
2020考研英语(一)真题
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before,millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions;the Sunday roast.__1__a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can2it.Yet as we report now,the food police are determined our health.That this__3__should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure__4__to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has__5__a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked__6__high temperatures.This means that people should__7__ crisping their roast potatoes,spurn thin-crust pizzas and only__8__toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?__9__studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no__10__evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is"__11__to be carcinogenic"but have no hard scientific proof.__12__the precautionary principle,it could be argued that it is__13__to follow the FSA advice.__14__,it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a__15__.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be__16__up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?__17__,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods__18__,but to reduce their lifetime intake.However,their__19__risks coming across as exhortation and nannying.Constant health scares just__20__with no one listening.1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed5.[A]issued[B]received[C]ignored[D]canceled6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]inconclusive[D]negative11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow12.[A]On the basis of[B]At the cost of[C]In addition to[D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate14.[A]As usual[B]In particular[C]By definition[D]After all15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattern16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used17.[A]To be fair[B]For instance[C]To be brief[D]in general18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition20.[A]follow up[B]pick up[C]open up[D]end upSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40points）Text1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture"award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in2017and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in£220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain'town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture,a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in1990and Liverpool in2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run"year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community. groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A"town of culture"could be not just about the arts but about honoring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a"town of culture"award would___.A.consolidate the town city ties in BritainB.promote cooperation among Brain's townsC.increase the economic strength of Brain's townsD.focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph2,the proposal might be regarded by some as______..A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it______A.endeavor to maintain its imageB.meets the aspiration of its peopleC.brings its local arts to prominencemits to its long-term growth24.“Glasgow”is mentioned in Paragraph3to present______A.a contrasting caseB.a supporting exampleC.a background storyD.a related topic25.What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?A.SkepticalB.ObjectiveC.FavorableD.CriticalText2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching40%on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis. The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than£900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than£210m in2016to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around￡500to$5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs”had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money"partly because________[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs2and3,scientific publishers Elsevier have________[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concerned[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learned from Paragraphs5and6that open access terms________[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication substantially.[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.D]The few feed on the many.Text3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure"gender parity"on boards and commissions,provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than40percent female.In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities,they have proposed imposing government quotas.If the bills become law,state boards and commissions will be required to set aside50percent of board seats for women by2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia,which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law,which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,even where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of"equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst,between2010and2015the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by54percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt "phenomenon,where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills________[A]help little to reduce gender bias.[B]pose a threat to the state government.[C]raise women's position in politics.[D]greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A]It has irritated private business owners.[B]It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D]It will settle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate____[A]the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C]the pressure on women in global corporations.[D]the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to____[A]the underestimation of elite women's role.[B]the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D]the growing tension between labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A]Women's need in employment should be considered.[B]Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C]Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D]Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text4Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data,and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron,who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy,with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain's DPT(diverted profits tax),Australia's MAAL(multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP(significant economic presence)test,to name but a few. At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if international tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)is currently working with131countries to reach a consensus by the end of2020on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work,but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France`s planned tax is a clear warning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system,other nations are likely to follow suit,and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to_____[A]regulate digital services platforms.[B]protect French companies'interests.[C]impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D]curb the influence of advertising.37.It can be learned from Paragraph2that the digital services tax_____[A]may trigger countermeasures against France.[B]is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C]aims to ease international trade tensions.[D]will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38.The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that_____[A]redistribution of tech giants'revenue must be ensured.[B]the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C]tech multinationals'monopoly should be prevented.[D]all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39.It can be learned from Para5that the OECO's current work_____[A]is being resisted by US companies.[B]needs to be readjusted immediately.[C]is faced with uncertain prospects.[D]needs to in involve more countries.40.Which of the following might be the.best title for this text?[A]France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B]France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says"NO"to Tech Multinationals[D]France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Eye fixactions are brief[B]Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C]Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D]Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E]Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F]Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G]Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation,eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41.________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes,and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.In adulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile"can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded.This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches,using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.________With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations.Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson.44.________When we look at a face or a picture,our eyes pause on one spot at a time,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second,and the eyes then jump to another spot,until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism,a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety,eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-"A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the14th century known as the Renaissance,the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being.Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.46.With（the gap between）the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged,leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance,the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus,Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.47.Before each of their revelations,many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking,including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.Copernicus theorized in1543that in actual fact,all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth,but the Sun,a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.48.Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists,more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists.This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the17th century.49.As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world.The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The17th and18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity.Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged,as were ideas of liberty,tolerance and progress.50.Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase'sapere aude'or'dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question:What is Enlightenment?It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth,which they believed to be founded in knowledge.Section IV WritingPart A51.Directions:The Student Union of your university has assigned you to inform theinternational students an upcoming singing contest.Write a notice in about100words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name in the notice.Part B52:Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the picture below.In your essay,you should:1)Describe the picture briefly;2)Interpret the implied meaning,and3)Give your comments。
2020年研究生考试英语二完整的真题
2020年研究生考试英语二完整的真题一、完形填空（20题*0.1分/题，共20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Text 1In the early 1900s, a shoe factory in the United States had problems with its production line. The workers were not productive, and the products were of poor quality. The factory owner called in aconsultant(顾问) to see if he could help. The consultant carefully examined the production line and the workers' methods, then he went home. The next day, he returned to the factory and took away one of the workers. Productivity immediately increased, and the quality of the products improved. The owner was delighted and wanted to know how the consultant had managed it. "It was simple," the consultant said. "Yesterday, I removed the slowest worker. Today, everyone else is working faster, and the work is being done better."1. The factory owner called in a consultant to_______ _A. fire the workers who were late for workB. solve the problems of the production lineC. raise the workers' wagesD. reduce the number of workers2. The consultant examined the production line and the workers' methods_______ _A. only to find that they were perfectB. in order to find the cause of the problemsC. before he went home for a restD. after he took away one of the workers3. The next day, the consultant_______ _A. fired the slowest workerB. raised the workers' wagesC. reduced the number of workersD. taught the workers how to work faster4. The owner was delighted because_______ _A. the problems had been solvedB. the consultant managed the factory wellC. the consultant was a shoe expertD. the workers began to work faster5. What can we learn from the text? _A. The more workers there are, the better the work will be.B. Workers should be fired if they are not productive.C. Consultants can solve all the problems.D. Teamwork is important for work.二、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C],or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation s great traditions:the Sunday roast.1____a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can 2____it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health. That this 3____should be rendered yet another quality pleasure 4___to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6____high temperatures.This means that people should 7____ crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin- crust pizzas and only_ 8____toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no 10____ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11____to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12____the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is13____to follow the FSA advice.14____,it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15____. Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17____,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18____,but reduce their lifetime intake.However its19____risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just 20____ with one listening.1.[A]In [B]Towards [C]On [D]Till2.[A] match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence :3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concern4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C]compelled [D]guaranteed5.[A]isued [B]received [C]compelled [D] guaranteed6.[A]under [B]at [C]for [D]by7.[A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D]avoid8.[A]partially [B]regular [C]easily [D]intally9.[A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D] While10.[A]secondary [B]external [C]conclusive [D]negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D] slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C]In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C]connection [D]patterm16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C]gradually [D]carefully19.[A]promise [B]experience [C]campaign [D]competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C]open up [D]end up .完型填空答案解析：今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文的线索。
2020考研英语真题
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composedas you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escapeSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat- one social and one asocial - for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to sideNext, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each, the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We' d assumed we' d have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on itto make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn’t necessary, ”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals. “We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21. Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats[B] distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C] attain sociable traits through special training[D] send out warning messages to their fellow22. What did the asocial robot do during the experiment[A] It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C] It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around alone.23. According to Quinn, the rats released the social robot because they________[A] tried to practice a means of escape[B] expected it to do the same in return[C] wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24. James Wiles notes that rats________[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B] differentiate smells better than sizes[C] respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25. It can be learned from the text that rats________[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B] are more socially active than other animalsC] behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500% The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the . economy.Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company" CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there' s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling plus, virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well. By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insiderpicks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise[A] The growth in the number of corporations[B] The general pay rise with a better economy[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms[D] Close cooperation among leading economies27. Compared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to______[A] foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B] finance more research and development[C] establish closer ties with tech companies[D] operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite______[A] continual internal opposition[B] strict corporate governance[C] conservative business strategies[D] Repeated government warnings29. High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______[A] confirm the status of CEOs[B] motivate inside candidates[C] boost the efficiency of CEOs[D] increase corporate value30. The most suitable title for this text would be______[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present[C] CEOs' challenges of Today[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez -Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city 's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers-who must pay fees or buy better vehicles 一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits - fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments-Britain s and others across Europe - have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas - city centers, school streets", even individual roads - are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance.Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We’re doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31. Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone[A] Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C] It needs tougher enforcement[D] Its fate is yet to be decided32. Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air[A] They are biased against car manufacturers.[B] They prove impractical for city councils.[C] They are deemed too mild for politicians.D] They put too much burden on individual motorists.33. The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will .[A] arouse strong resistance.[B] ensure Khan's electoral success.[C] improve the city s traffic.[D] discourage car manufacturing.34. Who does the author think should have addressed the problem[A] Local residents[B]Mayors.[C] Councilors.[D] National governments.35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies.[A] will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C] will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D] should be put under public supervisionText4Now that members of Generation Z are graduating college this spring the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year-the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. Gen Zs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the . this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Z are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and expert who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the . now stand at a record $ trillion, according to the Federal Reserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training, and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one), followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the great good.36. Generation Zs graduating college this spring_____.[A] are recognized for their abilities[B] are in favor of job offers[C] are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37. Generation Zs are keenly aware_____.[A] what a tough economic situation is like[B] what their parents expect of them[C] how they differ from past generations[D] I how valuable a counselors advice is38. The word “assuage"(line 9, para 2)is closet in meaning to_____.[A]define [B]relieve [C] maintain [D] deepencan be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs_____.[A] care little about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C]think it hard to achieve work-Life balance[D] have a clear idea about their future job40 Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are_____.[A]less realistic B] less adventurous [C]more diligent [D] more generousPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face, always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal, don' t hide, information.[F] Slow down and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your sideIf you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back- and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.It's common to have a“cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another, So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world, "or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are planning a tour of a historical site for a group of international students. Write an email to1) tell them about the site, and2) give them some tips for the tourPlease write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not use your own name,use“Li Ming”instead. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C],or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation s great traditions:the Sunday roast.1____a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can 2____it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health. That this 3____should be rendered yet another quality pleasure 4___to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6____high temperatures.This means that people should 7____ crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin- crust pizzas and only_ 8____toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no 10____ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11____to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12____the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13____to follow the FSA advice.14____,it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15____.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. Butwould life be worth living? 17____,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18____,but reduce their lifetime intake.However its19____risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just 20____ with one listening.1.[A]In [B]Towards [C]On [D]Till2.[A] match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence :3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concern4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C]compelled [D]guaranteed5.[A]isued [B]received [C]compelled [D] guaranteed6.[A]under [B]at [C]for [D]by7.[A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D]avoid8.[A]partially [B]regular [C]easily [D]intally9.[A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D] While10.[A]secondary [B]external [C]conclusive [D]negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D] slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C]In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C]connection [D]patterm16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C]gradually [D]carefully19.[A]promise [B]experience [C]campaign [D]competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C]open up [D]end up .Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below cach text by choosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK“town of culture"award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in 220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town,it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some 1might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of Furopean capital of culture,a sough after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-al1.A badly ru n“year of culture"washes in and out ofa place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge theself-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A“town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a“town of culture" award could_____[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as______[A]a sensible compromise.[B]a self-deceiving attempt.[C]an eye catching bonus[D]an inaccessible target.23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful onlyif it_____[A]endeavours to maintain its image.[B]meets the aspirations of its people.[C]brings its local arts to prominence.[D]commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present_____[A]a contrasting case.(B]a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D]a related topic.25.What is the author 's attitude towards the proposal?[A]Skeptical.[B]Objective.[C]Favourable.[D]Critical.Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than f900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than f210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of allBrtish scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for theuniversities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to S5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money" partlybecause______[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_____[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?______[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concermed.[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learmned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms_____[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication subtantially[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishingmodel?______[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form ofvirtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure “gender parity"on boards and commissions, provide a case in commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the irst state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Govermor Jery Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an“important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,ever where there is no history of priordiscrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of“equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women.in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without govenment interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.Thatis exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt"phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_____[A] help lttle to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the Califomnia measure?____[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will setle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_____[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_____[A] the underestimation of elite women's role.[B] the objection to female participation on bards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?_____IAI Women's need in employment should be considered[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this asa“GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies suchas Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,mutinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening a investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in tum could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, but a few.At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if intermnational tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the interational tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system.other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to____[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learmned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax_____[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease intermational trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinionthat_____[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current intermational tax system needs upgrading[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that the OECO'S current work_____[A] is being resisted by Us companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?_____[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41 -45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Eye fixations are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41._________________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone 's attention in a crowded room,“Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42._________________________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found inhigh-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact.Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.__________________________With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation.While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situ ations.“Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson.44.___________________________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at atime,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.____________________________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ."A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signalE42. E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43. G Eye contact can also be aggressive44. A Eye fixactions are brief45. D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With (the gap between) the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations. many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the Ptolemaic and Aristotlean geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of ouruniverse.Copernicus theorised in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a timeof high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentricprinciple.48.Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a ratethat the people一including the Church一could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude' or‘dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.参考答案：46.随着文艺复兴使教会的指导和思考方式黯然失色，中世纪和现代的差距已然扩大，导向崭新的和未经探索的知识领域。
专业英语考试试卷(广东工业大学)
2.Passive air sampler (PAS), a simple power-free device based onthe theory of physical advection and diffusion, has been used forvarious monitoring research projects from regional to global scalesto investigate the environmental levels and distributions of POPs, forwhich an active high volume air sampler is impractical for samplingat a high spatial resolution. Though PASs have been used to achievespatially resolved data for almost a decade, they still have someshortcomings, such as the complex and limited sampling ratecalculation. To use the PAS quantitatively to assess ambient airconcentrations, it is necessary to know the sampling rate for thespecific compounds.
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题英语一
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast.__1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can __2__it.Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this __3__ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures.This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?__9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof.__12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice.__14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?__17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake.However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying.Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening.1. A In B Towards C On D Till2. A match B express C satisfy D influence3. A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern4. A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed5. A issued B received C ignored D canceled6. A under B at C for D by7. A forget B regret C finish D avoid8. A partially B regularly C easily D initially9. A Unless B Since C If D While10. A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative11. A insufficient B bound C likely D slow12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to13. A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate14. A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all15. A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern16. A made B served C saved D used17. A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general18. A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully19. A promise B experience C campaign D competition20. A follow up B pick up C open up D end upSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in €220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs. Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture" washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations.（But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music andtheatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town'speculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a "town of culture" award would ___.A. consolidate the town city ties in BritainB. promote cooperation among Brain's townsC. increase the economic strength of Brain's townsD. focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as ______..A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it ______A. endeavor to maintain its imageB. meets the aspiration of its peopleC. brings its local arts to prominenceD. commits to its long-term growth24. “Glasgow”is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present ______A. a contrasting caseB. a supporting exampleC. a background storyD. a related topic25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?A. SkepticalB. ObjectiveC. FavorableD. CriticalText 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publishtheir research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. Insome ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these’’article preparation costs’’had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money" partly because________[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase .[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have________[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing industry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms________[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C] Costs are well controlled.D] The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the pereentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Wrting in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a"golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same clite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do litle to help average women.31. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills________[A] help little to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to ilustrate____[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guaranees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to____[A] the underestimation of elite women's role.[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new taxon large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon- in other words, multiational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep ;up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization' s work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France‘s planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to_____[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests .[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax _____[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that _____[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work_____[A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the. best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fixactions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinetively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here 's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41. ________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back . This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catchsomeone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.________With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations. Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep 'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44.________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research. 45.________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-" A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With （the gap between）the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler andGalileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.48. Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase'sapere aude'or 'dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.Section IV WritingPart ADirections:The Student Union of your university has assigned you to inform theinternational students an upco ming singing contest.Write a notice in about100words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHE ET.Do not use your name in the notice.Part B52: Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should:1)Describe the picture briefly;2)Interpret the implied meaning, and3)Give your comments。
2020年考研英语真题及答案
考研英语真题和答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 thefruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer’s piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning — a gradual 7 — instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to lear n, and one of the things they’ve apparently learned is when to 8 .Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? That’s the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species we’ve left in the dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal I’ve ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. [A] Suppose [B] Consider [C] Observe [D] Imagine2. [A] tended [B] feared [C] happened [D] threatened3. [A] thinner [B] stabler [C] lighter [D] dimmer4. [A] tendency [B] advantage [C] inclination [D] priority5. [A] insists on [B] sums up [C] turns out [D] puts forward6. [A] off [B] behind [C] over [D] along7. [A] incredible [B] spontaneous [C]inevitable [D] gradual8. [A] fight [B] doubt [C] stop [D] think9. [A] invisible [B] limited [C] indefinite [D] different10. [A] upward [B] forward [C] afterward [D] backward11. [A] features [B] influences [C] results [D] costs12. [A] outside [B] on [C] by [D] across13. [A] deliver [B] carry [C] perform [D] apply14. [A] by chance [B] in contrast [C] as usual [D] for instance15. [A] if [B] unless [C] as [D] lest16. [A] moderate [B] overcome [C] determine [D] reach17. [A] at [B] for [C] after [D] with18. [A] Above all [B] After all [C] However [D] Otherwise19. [A] fundamental [B] comprehensive [C] equivalent [D] hostile20. [A] By accident [B] In time [C] So far [D] Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught ins tead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through proble ms in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by beingA. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable.22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can beA. predictedB. regulatedC. tracedD. guided23.” ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning toA. tracksB. seriesC. characteristicsD. connections24. Ms. Markova’s comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ?A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree thatA. ideas are born of a relaxing mindB. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideasD. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But so me observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTK’s ___________.[A]easy availability[B]flexibility in pricing[C] successful promotion[D] popularity with households27. PTK is used to __________.[A]locate one’s birth place[B]promote genetic research[C] identify parent-child kinship[D] choose children for adoption28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to__________.[A]trace distant ancestors[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines[C] fully use genetic information[D] achieve the claimed accuracy29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is __________.[A]disorganized data collection[B] overlapping database building30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be__________.[A]Fors and Againsts of DNA testing[B] DNA testing and It’s problems[C]DNA testing outside the lab[D] lies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because neweducational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.31. The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries___________.[A] is subject groundless doubts[B] has fallen victim of bias[C] is conventional downgraded[D] has been overestimated32. It is stated in paragraph 1 that construction of a new education system __________.[A]challenges economists and politicians[B]takes efforts of generations[C] demands priority from the government[D] requires sufficient labor force33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S workforces is that __________.[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive[C]the U.S workforce has a better education[D] ]the U.S workforce is more organize34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged __________.[A] when people had enough time[B] prior to better ways of finding food[C] when people on longer went hung[D] as a result of pressure on government35. According to the last paragraph , development of education __________.[A] results directly from competitive environments[B] does not depend on economic performance[C] follows improved productivity[D] cannot afford political changesText 4The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful ser mons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.Mean while , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for reli gion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”36. The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England___________.[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life.[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.[C] Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors.[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment.37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders__________.[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life[D] were obsessed with religious innovations38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay__________.[A] were famous in the New World for their writings[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often__________.[A] influenced by superstitions[B] troubled with religious beliefs[C] puzzled by church sermons[D] frustrated with family earnings40. The text suggests that early settlers in New England__________.[A] were mostly engaged in political activities[B] were motivated by an illusory prospect[C] came from different backgrounds.[D] left few formal records for later referencePart BDirections:Directions: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. 41.____________.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan, along with Tylor, was one of the founders of modern anthropology. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.42._____________.In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology.43._____________ .Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44._______________.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures.45.________________.Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist ?mile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture—known as functionalism—became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.[A] Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.[B] In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, Boas became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.[C] He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the “survival of the fittest,” in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.[D] They also fo cused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people’s social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children’s entrance into adulthood.[E] Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G] For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)答案Section I Use of English1—5 BADBC 6—10 ADCBD11—15 DBCDA 16—20 CBAACSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21—25 ABCAA 26—30 ACDAB31—35 DBBAC 36—40 BBDACPart B41—45 CEABGPart C46. 可以说，任何社会制度的价值在于它对扩大和改进经验方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是它原来的动机的一部分。
(完整word版)广东工业大学研究生英语期末考试历年试卷及答案
English Final for Postgraduates (A)2 HoursPart I Vocabulary (25%)Choose the best answer from the four choices given.26. Whatever your argument, I shallA）hold back B）hold onC）hold to D）hold up27. The constancy of human nature is , as no one believes that a man can fundamentallychange his nature.A）proven B）proverbialC）provisional D）provocative28. Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societaland group practices and expectations ________ romantic experience.A) shape B) polishC) resist D) stir29. Married partners may love each other even though they rarely, or never,_______physical intimacy.A) engage with B) engage inC) engine with D) engine in30. Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic _______byselecting certain neighborhoods and schools.A) dimensions B) connectionsC) liaisons D) affiliations31. He had to excuse for being late.A) make into B) make upC. make out D) make over32. These horrific photographs will affect people’s of war.A) percussion B) viewC) idea D) perception33. This course is useful for students who are in from one training program to another.A) change B) transitionC) transplanting D) transferring34. A German company with a Swiss firm to develop the product.A) collaborated B) operatedC) collided D) liberated35. They failed to their resources effectively.A) move B) mobilizeC) mitigate D) define36. The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborativeand selfless .A) stand up B) stand outC) stand by D) stand on37. Ben never touched beer; or any kind of alcohol .A) for all that B) for the bestC) for that matter D) for that rate38. A monk who loves in a monastery or temple has a relaxed and peaceful life of ________.A) complain B) contemptC) discovery D) contemplation39. We are going to and move to Montana.A) pull up stakes B) pull out of stakesC) pull over stakes D) pull to stakes40. Another important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate’s of comfort with failure.A) acceptance B) intentionC) degree D) agreement41. The quality in New York that its inhabitants from life may simply weaken themas individuals.A) divides B) insulatesC) introduces D) informs42. She gave a ________ good performance in the TV as a police officer investigating a murder.A) eventually B) crediblyC) famously D) staggeringly43. I study in the library as there are too many at home.A) distributions B) distractionsC) deeds D) decorations44. He surprised me with his knowledge of Kierkegaard and Schopenhauer.A) intimate B) infiniteC) incident D) inside45. Although such a statement may seem self-centered, it’s actually quite_.A) insightful B) insignificantC) superstitious D) respectful46. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not ________to management.A) just B) exclusiveC) excluding D) especial47. We must our woodlands for future generations.A) conserve B) considerC) consecrate D) consent48. In the first five years of successful reform, the country’s GDP ________ by almost 40%.A) inclined B) soaredC) sacrificed D) installed49. I didn’t enjoy studying philosophy-----I found it too much of theoretical _.A) trait B) ideaC) discipline D) academia50. City officials have slowed the development by ________ building permits for the area.A) threatening B) issuingC) stalling D) gamblingPart II Extensive Reading (10%)Choose the best answer according to what you’ve read in the texts of Extensive Reading.51. Which of the following statements is not true according to text Solemn Ceremony MarksHandover.A)The president of PRC Mr. Jiang Zemin and the Prince of Wales, both spoke at theceremony.B)Both the British National Anthem and the Chinese Anthem were played at the ceremony.C)The ceremony was carried out in the afternoon in the Hong Kong Convention andExhibition Center.D)The ceremony was telecast live around the world.52. The poll indicated that _______.A)people in America seldom hesitate to speak in publicB)how to speak in public is the most serious problem for AmericansC)the thing the American people feared most was to speak in publicD)nothing is as important as that of solving the problems of speaking in public.53. The text Building a Better Self-image mainly focuses on _______.A)the development of children in the first years.B)the successful interview of job huntersC)some social problems such as violence and suicide.D)the voluntary work of young people54. The author of What’s So Good About Failure gives most examples of _______ to show thevalue of failure in today’s world.A)doctors B) business peopleC) professors D) engineers55. In Don’t Face Stress Alone, the author suggests that people can relieve stress by _______.A)taking part in more sportsB)paying attention to their dietC)asking others for help at work when you have difficultiesD)having heart-to heart talks with friends56. According to the passage, Ulanova was regarded as the symbol of _______.A) classic dances B) Russian balletC) femininity D) Russian singing57. Children whose fathers help care for them have _______.A) higher IQs B) better impulse controlC) better social adaptations D) all of the above58. For a person who defends his erroneous beliefs _______ according to Living Humanism.A)it is necessary to show him that he is wrongB)little can be done to correct himC)now he is always delighted in thinking that he has possessed the factsD)he does not have the quality of loving truth59. Which of the following statements is not true according to Shyness… Nature or Nurture?A) People once thought that temperament was decided by nature.B) The behavior of throwing dishes or slamming doors is also partly inheritable.C) Scientists now believe environment plays a more important role in the formation of aman’s personality than genetics does.D) Most scientists focus their studies on twins in order to know the importance of inheritance.60.. The main idea of And Now the TV Forecast is that _______.A) the electronic superhighway will offer great entertainment for the rural areaB) digital TV will play an important role in the 21st centuryC) thunder and lightning will break down the digital TVD) digital TV will also need weather forecastingPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneThe qualities of leadership are almost constant the world over. If you would like to become president of your class, school, or student council, you must first demonstrate that you have the potentials of leadership.For one thing, you must show that you are interested in your school and in your fellow students. In practical terms, this means taking an active part in school activities. It means joining clubs, attending dances and other social functions, and going out for athletics --- if you are athletic.(1) But many young people have to push themselves to join clubs or attend dances. Perhaps you are one of them. The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness. There is nothing whatever wrong with shyness; it can be overcome if you recognize that it is not a permanent affliction (苦恼)，and if you realize, too, that most if your schoolmates are probably as shy as you are.If you consciously strive (努力) to overcome shyness by going out to meet people, you will find yourself at the same time developing another quality of leadership--- understanding. As your circle of friends and contacts widens you will get to know your schoolmates better. Because you are no longer so concerned with your own feeling, you will begin to respect and take into account the feelings of others. Your friends and acquaintances (熟人) will be ware of your new attitude, for it will show in many small ways--- your greeting, conversation, and willingness to give and accept friendship.Another quality of leadership which you can develop is willingness to do a bit extra. If you are expected to sell ten tickets to a dance, for example, and sell fifteen, you have proves your interest and your effort to make your organization successful. Once you acquire the reputation of always doing a little more than expected, your fellow students will be willing to trust you with greater responsibilities. All your extra effort also indicates enthusiasm, and shows that you concentrate more on how to do a job efficiently than on its difficulties.A fourth quality of leadership is imagination--- the ability to see a way through problems and to develop new ideas. You can develop this all important quality by devoting extra thought during quiet moments to problems being faces by your organization. Many members of club sit passively through a meeting, and give no more thought to club matters until the next meeting, you are likely to come up with new ideas (or at least some questions) to contribute at the next meeting.As you show that you are interested in your school or organization, that you have understanding and respect for your schoolmates, and that you will work hard and use your imagination, your schoolmates will naturally think of you as one of their leaders. When the timecomes for election of class or student body officers, you will be mentioned as a possible candidate by your closer friends , and this word will reach other groups until you are given a chance to declare yourself a candidate without seeming immodest.61. This article _______.A) discusses how a person can develop qualities of leadershipB) indicates various ways a good leader can make friends and influence peopleC) analyzes the responsibilities of leadershipD) explains why many people are not good leaders62. The author feels that a prospective leader should attend school dances to _______.A) prove that he is the best dance in the schoolB) show his interest in school activitiesC) overcome his shynessD) learn how to dance63. The author apparently feels that a person who is not athletic _______.A) should go out for athletics anywayB) is definitely not interested in school electionsC) has no chance of becoming a leaderD) can participate in other school activities64. In the sentence “The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness.” the word “hesitancy”means _______.A) willingness B) reluctance C) embarrassment D) indecision65. This analysis is a _______.A) cause-and-effect discussion of the outcome of school electionsB) point-by-point explanation of how to develop the qualities of leadershipC) comparison of good leaders and bad leadersD) close examination of the good points of the president of student councilPassage TwoBaekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, act ive, energetic, cheerful, conformist （不动摇）in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, theyseemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted （内向）, inhibited （压抑）, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves （particularly in social situations）. Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.66. According to the report,________.A）many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB）many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC）long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD）many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood67. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ________.A）sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB）sleep interferes with their sound judgmentC）sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD）sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles68. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ________.A）are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB）often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC）do not know how to relax properlyD）are more unlikely to run into mental problems69. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ________.A）appear disturbedB）become energeticC）feel dissatisfiedD）be extremely depressed70. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A）If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB）The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patientsC）Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD）Short sleepers would be better off with more restPassage ThreeOur quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s f irm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot.The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. （This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.）Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living.71. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ________.A）entitles us to too much leisure timeB）urges us to get things done punctuallyC）deprives us of leisure timeD）imposes on us a perfect concept of time72. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ________.A）the excitement of lifeB）magnificent idling of timeC）more emphasis on efficiencyD）terrifying schoolboy73. The passage tells us ________.A）Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB）all Americans are forced to be efficient against their willC）Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD）Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency74. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead to ________.A）great confusionB）increased productionC） a hard and exciting lifeD）successful completion of a tunnel75. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ________.A）every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboyB）every American is reluctant to be efficientC）every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD）being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formedPart IV Translation (20%)Translate the following five sentences into English (10%)76. 这家公司负债累累，到了崩溃的边缘。
广东工业大学第一学期学术型研究生英语期末考试试卷及答案
English Final for Postgraduates (A) 2 HoursPart I Vocabulary (25%)Choose the best answer from the four choices given.A）hold back B）hold onC）hold to D）hold up27. The constancy of human nature is, as no one believes that a man can fundamentally change hisnature.A）proven B）proverbialC）provisional D）provocative28. Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societaland group practices and expectations ________ romantic experience.A) shape B) polishC) resist D) stir29. Married partners may love each other even though they rarely, or never,_______ physicalintimacy.A) engage with B) engage inC) engine with D) engine in30.Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic_______by selecting certainneighborhoods and schools.A)dimensions B) connectionsC) liaisons D) affiliations31. He had to excuse for being late.A) make into B) make upC. make out D) make over32. These horrific photographs will affect people’s of war.A) percussion B) viewC) idea D) perception33. This course is useful for students who are in from one training program to another.A) change B) transitionC) transplanting D) transferring34. A German companywith a Swiss firm to develop the product.A) collaborated B) operatedC) collided D) liberated35. They failed to their resources effectively.A) move B) mobilizeC)mitigate D)define36. The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborativeand selfless.A) stand up B) stand outC) stand by D) stand on37. Ben never touched beer; or any kind of alcohol.A) for all that B) for the bestC) for that matter D) for that rate38. A monk who loves in a monastery or temple has a relaxed and peaceful life of ________.A) complain B) contemptC) discovery D) contemplation39. We are going to and move to Montana.A) pull up stakes B) pull out of stakesC) pull over stakes D) pull to stakes40. Anothe r important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate’s of comfort with failure.A) acceptance B) intentionC) degree D) agreement41. The quality in New York that its inhabitants from life may simply weaken them asindividuals.A) divides B) insulatesC) introduces D) informs42. She gave a ________ good performance in the TV as a police officer investigating a murder.A) eventually B) crediblyC) famously D) staggeringly43. I study in the library as there are too many at home.A) distributions B) distractionsC) deeds D) decorations44.He surprised me with his knowledge of Kierkegaard and Schopenhauer.A) intimate B) infiniteC) incident D) inside45.Although such a statement may seem self-centered, it’s actually quite_.A) insightful B) insignificantC) superstitious D) respectful46. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not ________ tomanagement.A) just B) exclusiveC) excluding D) especial47. We must our woodlands for future generations.A) conserve B) considerC)consecrate D) consent48.In the first five years of successful reform, the country’s GDP ________ by almost 40%.A) inclined B) soaredC) sacrificed D) installed49. I didn’t enjoy studying philosophy-----I found it too much of theoretical_.A) trait B) ideaC) discipline D) academia50. City officials have slowed the development by ________ building permits for the area.A) threatening B) issuingC) stalling D) gamblingPart II Extensive Reading (10%)Choose the best answer according to what you’ve re ad in the texts of Extensive Reading.51.Which of the following statements is not true according to text Solemn Ceremony MarksHandover.A)The president of PRC Mr. Jiang Zemin and the Prince of Wales, both spoke at theceremony.B)Both the British National Anthem and the Chinese Anthem were played at the ceremony.C)The ceremony was carried out in the afternoon in the Hong Kong Convention andExhibition Center.D)The ceremony was telecast live around the world.52. The poll indicated that _______.A)people in America seldom hesitate to speak in publicB)how to speak in public is the most serious problem for AmericansC)the thing the American people feared most was to speak in publicD)nothing is as important as that of solving the problems of speaking in public.53. The text Building a Better Self-image mainly focuses on _______.A)the development of children in the first years.B)the successful interview of job huntersC)some social problems such as violence and suicide.D)the voluntary work of young people54. The author of What’s So Good About Failure gives most examples of _______ to show thevalue of failure in today’s world.A)doctors B) business peopleC) professors D) engineers55. In Don’t Face Stress Alone, the author suggests that people can relieve stress by _______.A)taking part in more sportsB)paying attention to their dietC)asking others for help at work when you have difficultiesD)having heart-to heart talks with friends56. According to the passage, Ulanova was regarded as the symbol of _______.A) classic dances B) Russian balletC) femininity D) Russian singing57. Children whose fathers help care for them have _______.A) higher IQs B) better impulse controlC) better social adaptations D) all of the above58. For a person who defends his erroneous beliefs _______ according to Living Humanism.A)it is necessary to show him that he is wrongB)little can be done to correct himC)now he is always delighted in thinking that he has possessed the factsD)he does not have the quality of loving truth59. Which of the following statements is not true according to Shyness… Nature or Nurture?A) People once thought that temperament was decided by nature.B) The behavior of throwing dishes or slamming doors is also partly inheritable.C) Scientists now believe environment plays a more important role in the formation of aman’s personality than genetics does.D) Most scientists focus their studies on twins in order to know the importance of inheritance.60.. The main idea of And Now the TV Forecast is that _______.A) the electronic superhighway will offer great entertainment for the rural areaB) digital TV will play an important role in the 21st centuryC) thunder and lightning will break down the digital TVD) digital TV will also need weather forecastingPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneThe qualities of leadership are almost constant the world over. If you would like to become president of your class, school, or student council, you must first demonstrate that you have the potentials of leadership.For one thing, you must show that you are interested in your school and in your fellow students. In practical terms, this means taking an active part in school activities. It means joining clubs, attending dances and other social functions, and going out for athletics --- if you are athletic.(1) But many young people have to push themselves to join clubs or attend dances. Perhaps you are one of them. The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness. There is nothing whatever wrong with shyness; it can be overcome if you recognize that it is not a permanent affliction (苦恼)，and if you realize, too, that most if your schoolmates are probably as shy as you are.If you consciously strive (努力) to overcome shyness by going out to meet people, you will find yourself at the same time developing another quality of leadership--- understanding. As your circle of friends and contacts widens you will get to know your schoolmates better. Because you are no longer so concerned with your own feeling, you will begin to respect and take into account the feelings of others. Your friends and acquaintances (熟人) will be ware of your new attitude, for it will show in many small ways--- your greeting, conversation, and willingness to give and accept friendship.Another quality of leadership which you can develop is willingness to do a bit extra. If you are expected to sell ten tickets to a dance, for example, and sell fifteen, you have proves your interest and your effort to make your organization successful. Once you acquire the reputation of always doing a little more than expected, your fellow students will be willing to trust you with greater responsibilities. All your extra effort also indicates enthusiasm, and shows that you concentrate more on how to do a job efficiently than on its difficulties.A fourth quality of leadership is imagination--- the ability to see a way through problems and to develop new ideas. You can develop this all important quality by devoting extra thought during quiet moments to problems being faces by your organization. Many members of club sit passively through a meeting, and give no more thought to club matters until the next meeting, you are likely to come up with new ideas (or at least some questions) to contribute at the next meeting.As you show that you are interested in your school or organization, that you have understanding and respect for your schoolmates, and that you will work hard and use your imagination, your schoolmates will naturally think of you as one of their leaders. When the timecomes for election of class or student body officers, you will be mentioned as a possible candidate by your closer friends , and this word will reach other groups until you are given a chance to declare yourself a candidate without seeming immodest.61. This article _______.A) discusses how a person can develop qualities of leadershipB) indicates various ways a good leader can make friends and influence peopleC) analyzes the responsibilities of leadershipD) explains why many people are not good leaders62. The author feels that a prospective leader should attend school dances to _______.A) prove that he is the best dance in the schoolB) show his interest in school activitiesC) overcome his shynessD) learn how to dance63. The author apparently feels that a person who is not athletic _______.A) should go out for athletics anywayB) is definitely not interested in school electionsC) has no chance of becoming a leaderD) can participate in other school activities64. In the sentence “The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness.”t he word “hesitancy”means _______.A) willingness B) reluctance C) embarrassment D) indecision65. This analysis is a _______.A) cause-and-effect discussion of the outcome of school electionsB) point-by-point explanation of how to develop the qualities of leadershipC) comparison of good leaders and bad leadersD) close examination of the good points of the president of student councilPassage TwoBaekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist （不动摇）in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, theyseemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted （内向）, inhibited （压抑）, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves （particularly in social situations）. Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.66. According to the report,________.A）many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB）many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time becausethey are busy with their workC）long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD）many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood67. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ________.A）sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB）sleep interferes with their sound judgmentC）sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD）sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles68. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ________.A）are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB）often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC）do not know how to relax properlyD）are more unlikely to run into mental problems69. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might________.A）appear disturbedB）become energeticC）feel dissatisfiedD）be extremely depressed70. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A）If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB）The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patientsC）Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD）Short sleepers would be better off with more restPassage ThreeOur quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is athief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot.The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. （This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.）Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living.71. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ________.A）entitles us to too much leisure timeB）urges us to get things done punctuallyC）deprives us of leisure timeD）imposes on us a perfect concept of time72. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ________.A）the excitement of lifeB）magnificent idling of timeC）more emphasis on efficiencyD）terrifying schoolboy73. The passage tells us ________.A）Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB）all Americans are forced to be efficient against their willC）Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD）Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency74. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead to ________. A）great confusionB）increased productionC） a hard and exciting lifeD）successful completion of a tunnel75. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ________.A）every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboyB）every American is reluctant to be efficientC）every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD）being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formedPart IV Translation (20%)Translate the following five sentences into English (10%)76. 这家公司负债累累，到了崩溃的边缘。
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试(英语一)参考答案及解析
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语一）参考答案及解析SectionⅠUse of English【1】A.on解析：在某一天，用介词on.【2】B.Match解析：考察动词，很少有别的美食愉悦可以与之媲美，只有这个符合原文。
【3】A.enjoyment解析：由this可知回指上文的pleasure.【4】C.guarantee解析：空前这种愉悦应该成为另外一种罪恶愉悦，后文是损害健康，所以应该是肯定会损害我们的健康。
【5】D.issued解析：考察动词，英国食品标准局(FSA)应该是公开或者发布警告。
【6】A.at解析：和温度搭配只能用at。
【7】C.avoid解析：上文提到这种化合物在高温下烹饪的一些食物中会形成以及会损害健康，所以应该是要避免这类食物。
【8】D.partially解析：考察副词，修饰toast烤，前文提到要避免这类烧烤土豆片，拒绝薄皮披萨，所以只能是部分烤面包。
【9】D.while解析：研究表明丙烯酰胺会对小鼠造成神经损伤和没有确凿的证据表明它会对人类造成癌症之间存在让步关系，所以选择while尽管。
【10】B.conclusive解析：考察形容词，修饰证据，只有conclusive确凿的最符合语境。
【11】B.likely解析：后文提到没有科学证据，所以前文应该是可能致癌likely.【12】D.on the basic of解析：根据语义，应该是基于预防原则，可以认为遵循FSA的建议是明智的，所以选择D。
【13】A.advisable解析：考察形容词，根据语义，应该是遵循建议是明智的。
【14】C.after all解析：考察逻辑联系词，后文提到吸烟导致癌症的传言已经流传了多年，所以此处毕竟更合适。
【15】B.connection解析：上文一直提到的是高温下烧烤的食物应该可能会损害我们健康，所以食物和致癌之间应该存在的是联系，其他选项不符。
【16】A.served解析：固定短语serve up端上饭菜等，主语为牛肉等食物，所以serve最合适。
2020年英语(二)全国硕士研究生招生考试参考答案及解析
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of English【1】D. tricky解析：考察形容词，but一词前文提到大家都想成为好父母，但是，所以本句要选贬义词，排除BC，根据语义，因为孩子对不同的养育方式反映不同，所以定义好的父母是很难的，很棘手的，D正确，A单调的B.愉悦的C.有指导意义的【2】B. for example解析：考察句子间逻辑关系，上一句提到孩子们对同一种养育方式的反应是不同的，本句中指出一个冷静的、循规蹈矩的孩子可能会比弟弟妹妹对不同的教育方式有更好的反应，很明显是举例子，总分关系，for example最合适，D正确。
A. in addition此外，除了，递进关系，两句话之间不存在递进关系；C. at once. 马上，立刻，用来形容动词的速度之快，不符合原文；D. by accident，偶然意外，形容出乎意料，但是上文提到同样的信息，所以不是偶然意外。
【3】A.Fortunately解析：考察句子间逻辑关系，上文提到很难定义好父母，本句提到有一种是很容易描述的，形成转折关系，所以选择A.Fortunately B.【4】C. describe解析：考察动词，逻辑主语为另外一种父母，根据上文，只有D描述另外一种父母更容易符合上下文，【5】A. while解析：考察逻辑关系词，后一句提到这不是容易的事情，本句说每一个父母都想有耐心，形成转折关系，所以while尽管更合适。
【6】B. task解析：考察名词，this指代上文的有耐心的养育，这是一种任务，而不是一种回答，选择或者入口。
【7】A. tolerant解析：考察形容词，本段一直讲有耐心的养育，所以本句提到因为太累了，太沮丧，没有办法对孩子做到...，空处应该是要选择和有耐心类似的词语，只有A.tolerant有包容性的更贴切原文。
【8】C. push解析：考察动词，后文提到你失去了耐心，要么对孩子大喊大叫，要么说一些对任何人都没有好处的话，所以相应孩子应该是对你做了一些不好的事情，C推的更远，逼的更紧要更符合原文。
【全文】2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C],or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before,millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation s great traditions:the Sunday roast.1____a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can2____it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health.That this3____should be rendered yet another quality pleasure4___to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority(FSA)has5a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked6____high temperatures.This means that people should7____crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin-crust pizzas and only_8____toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice?9studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no10____evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is11____to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof12____the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13____to follow the FSA advice.14____,it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a15____. Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be16up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine.But would life be worth living?17____,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods18____,but reduce their lifetime intake.However its19____risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just20____with one listening.1.[A]In[B]Towards[C]On[D]Till2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence:3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed5.[A]isued[B]received[C]compelled[D]guaranteed6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid8.[A]partially[B]regular[C]easily[D]intally9.[A]Unless[B]Since[C]If[D]While10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]conclusive[D]negative11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow12.[A]On the basis of[B]At the cost of[C]In addition to[D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate14.[A]As usual[B]In particular[C]By definition[D]After all15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]patterm16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used17.[A]To be fair[B]For instance[C]To be brief[D]In general18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefully19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition20.[A]follow up[B]pick up[C]open up[D]end up.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below cach text by choosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK“town of culture"award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in 2017and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town,it is true are not prevented from applying,but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some1might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of Furopean capital of culture,a sough after award bagged by Glasgow in1990and Liverpool in 2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world:after town of culture,who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture?Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-al1.A badly run“year of culture"washes in and out ofa place like the tide,bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge theself-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right,and requires a remarkable degree of vision,as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art,music and theatre that it remains today.A“town of culture"could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street,supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a“town of culture"award could_____[A]consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B]promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C]increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D]focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph2,the proposal might be regarded by someas______[A]a sensible compromise.[B]a self-deceiving attempt.[C]an eye catching bonus[D]an inaccessible target.23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful onlyif it_____[A]endeavours to maintain its image.[B]meets the aspirations of its people.[C]brings its local arts to prominence.[D]commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph3to present_____[A]a contrasting case.(B]a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D]a related topic.25.What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?[A]Skeptical.[B]Objective.[C]Favourable.[D]Critical.Text2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money.Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research,so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century,university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching40% on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish25%of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than f900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than f210m in2016to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic,and thoroughly illegal,reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in2012,which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since2015.The success of Sci-Hub,which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants. In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of all Brtish scientific research is now published under open access terms:either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for theuniversities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around￡500to S5,000.A report lastyear pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs"had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money"partlybecause______[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs2and3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_____[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?______[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concermed.[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learmned from Paragraphs5and6that open access terms_____[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication subtantially[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishingmodel?______[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure“gender parity"on boards and commissions,provide a case in commissions will be required to set aside50percent of board seats for women by2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California,which last year became the irst state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Govermor Jery Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an“important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,ever where there is no history of prior discrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of“equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women.in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without govenment interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between 2010and2015the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by54percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic,Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt"phenomenon.where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_____[A]help lttle to reduce gender bias.[B]pose a threat to the state government.[C]raise women's position in politics.[D]greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the Califomnia measure?____[A]It has irritated private business owners.[B]It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D]It will setle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_____[A]the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B]the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C]the pressure on women in global corporations.[D]the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_____[A]the underestimation of elite women's role.[B]the objection to female participation on bards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D]the growing tension between Labor and management.35.Which of the following can be inferred from the text?_____IAI Women's need in employment should be considered[B]Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C]Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D]Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text4Last Thursday,the French Senate passed a digital services tax,which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this asa“GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,mutinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron,who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening a investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in tum could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend,with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax),Australia's MAAL(multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP(significant economic presence)test, but a few.At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if intermnational tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures,the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)is currently working with131countries to reach a consensus by the end of2020on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work,but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the interational tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system.other nations are likely to follow suit,and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to____[A]regulate digital services platforms.[B]protect French companies'interests.[C]impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D]curb the influence of advertising.37.It can be learmned from Paragraph2that the digital services tax_____[A]may trigger countermeasures against France.[B]is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C]aims to ease intermational trade tensions.[D]will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38.The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinionthat_____[A]redistribution of tech giants'revenue must be ensured.[B]the current intermational tax system needs upgrading[C]tech multinationals'monopoly should be prevented.[D]all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39.It can be learned from Paragraph5that the OECO'S current work_____[A]is being resisted by Us companies.[B]needs to be readjusted immediately.[C]is faced with uncertain prospects.[D]needs to involve more countries.40.Which of the following might be the best title for this text?_____[A]France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B]France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says"NO"to Tech Multinationals[D]France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph(41 -45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Eye fixations are brief[B]Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C]Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D]Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E]Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F]Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G]Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation,eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41._________________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes,and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child.In adulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room,“Eye contact and smile"can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42._________________________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded.This was also found inhigh-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact.Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches,using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.__________________________With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation.While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations.“Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson.44.___________________________When we look at a face or a picture,our eyes pause on one spot at atime,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second,and the eyes then jump to another spot until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.____________________________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism,a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety,eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues.“Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ."A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the14th century known as the Renaissance,the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being.Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition.46.With(the gap between)the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance,the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged,leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance,the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus,Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery.47.Before each of their revelations.many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking,including the Ptolemaic and Aristotlean geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe.Copernicus theorised in1543that in actual fact,all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth,but the Sun,a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentricprinciple.48.Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists,more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a ratethat the people一including the Church一could no longer ignore.It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists.This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the17th century.49.As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world.The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The17th and18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged,as were ideas of liberty,tolerance and progress.50.Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase‘sapere aude'or‘dare to know',after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question:What is Enlightenment?. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth,which they believed to be founded in knowledge.SectionⅢwritingPart AThe student union of your university has assigned you to inform the international studentsabout an upcoming singing contest.Write a notice in about100words. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the pictures below.In your essay,you should1)describe the picture briefly,2)interpret the implied meaning.am3)give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)。
广东工业大学研究生英语口语复试题
广东工业大学研究生英语口语复试题广东工业大学学院：自动化学院专业：电气工程专硕英语口语考试过程：英语自我介绍（5min）→翻译词汇（中译英和英译中各5个）→英语交流（5min）英语口语题目：1、平时有什么兴趣爱好？3、你的家乡在哪？可以给我们简单介绍吗？5、备考有压力吗？有压力的时候怎么舒缓自己的压力？6、你喜欢广州吗？为什么？7、介绍一下你的本科学校？8、有去过哪里旅游吗？喜欢那里吗？为什么？翻译：1、中译英：电压等级；暂态；电机；调制器；同步调相机；配电；转子；2、英译中：conductor；GIS全称；skin effect；CT全称；power supply；insulator；torque；motor；resistance；rated；学院：自动化学院专业：控制工程英语口语考试过程：英语自我介绍（2-3min）→老师随性提问（4-6min）英语口语题目：1、为什么报考广东工业大学？2、你的家乡是哪里？那边的天气和这边相比是怎样？3、如果你考上研究生，你打算怎么分配时间？4、Where will you get your bachelor's degree；5、你最喜欢的课程是什么？为什么？6、最敬佩的人是谁7、介绍一下原来的专业，为什么换专业8、去过什么有趣地方，为什么考资评9、介绍本科专业10、为这次复试做了哪些准备11、说下你最感兴趣的研究方向13、你喜欢什么运动14、打算学什么研究方向，然后怎么去学15、介绍一下你的好友16、你怎么分配课余时间学院：信息工程学院专业：电子与通信工程英语口语考试过程：英语自我介绍（一般为1min）→回答问题（5min））英语口语题目：1、为什么报考广东工业大学？2、请简要介绍一下你的本科院校或家乡3、你的座右铭是什么4、介绍一下原来的专业，为什么换专业5、请用英语介绍一下你的毕业设计。
2020年考研英语真题试卷及答案
2020年考研英语真题试卷及答案-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN2020年英语考研真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families are less likely to sit down to eat together than was once the case, millions of Britons will none the less have partaken this weekend of one of the nation's great traditions: the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can __2__it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined that this __3__ should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures.This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidenceto support such alarmist advice__9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. __12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is__13__ to follow the FSA advice. __14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living __17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods__18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening.1. A In B Towards C On D Till2. A match B express C satisfy D influence3. A patience B enjoyment C surprise D concern4. A intensified B privileged C compelled D guaranteed5. A issued B received C ignored D canceled6. A under B at C for D by7. A forget B regret C finish D avoid8. A partially B regularly C easily D initially9. A Unless B Since C If D While10. A secondary B external C inconclusive D negative11. A insufficient B bound C likely D slow12. A On the basis of B At the cost of C In addition to D In contrast to13. A interesting B advisable C urgent D fortunate14. A As usual B In particular C By definition D After all15. A resemblance B combination C connection D pattern16. A made B served C saved D used17. A To be fair B For instance C To be brief D in general18. A reluctantly B entirely C gradually D carefully19. A promise B experience C campaign D competition20. A follow up B pick up C open up D end upSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for Zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in220m of investment and an avalache of arts, out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Livorpool in 2008. "A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture Suburb of culture Hamlet of cultureIt is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture"washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital ofculture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a "town of culture" award would ___.A. consolidate the town city ties in BritainB. promote cooperation among Brain's townsC. increase the economic strength of Brain's townsD. focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as ______.A.a sensible compromiseB.a self-deceiving attemptC.an eye-catching bonusD.an inaccessible target23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it ______A. endeavor to maintain its imageB. meets the aspiration of its peopleC. brings its local arts to prominenceD. commits to its long-term growth24. “Glasgow” is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present ______A. a contrasting caseB. a supporting exampleC. a background storyD. a related topic25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?A. SkepticalB. ObjectiveC. FavorableD. CriticalText 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review alsofor free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only fnd a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world,made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 toenable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both ofsubscriptions and of these’’article preparation costs’’ had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money" partly because___A. its funding has enjoyed a steady increase .B. its marketing strategy has been successful.C. its payment for peer review is reduced.D. its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have________A. thrived mainly on university libraries.B. gone through an existential crisis.C. revived the publishing industry.D. financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?A. Relieved.B. Puzzled.C. ConcernedD. Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms________A. allow publishers some room to make money.B. render publishing much easier for scientists.C. reduce the cost of publication substantially.D. free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?A. Trial subscription is offered.B. Labour triumphs over status.C. Costs are well controlled.D. The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the pereentage of women in the general population, but so whatThe number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota. Wrting in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a"golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same clite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills____A. help little to reduce gender bias.B. pose a threat to the state government.C. raise women's position in politics.D. greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?A. It has irritated private business owners.B. It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,C. It may go against the Constitution.D. It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to ilustrate____A. the harm from arbitrary board decision.B. the importance of constitutional guaranees.C. the pressure on women in global corporations.D. the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to____A. the underestimation of elite women's role.B. the objection to female participation on boards.C. the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.D. the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?A. Women's need in employment should be considered.B. Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.C. Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.D. Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new taxon large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon- in other words, multiational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminatesagainst American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep ;up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization' s work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France‘s planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to_____A. regulate digital services platforms.B. protect French companies' interests .C. impose a levy on tech multinationals.D. curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax _____A. may trigger countermeasures against France.B. is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.C. aims to ease international trade tensions.D. will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that _____A. redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.B. the current international tax system needs upgrading.C. tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.D. all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work_____A. is being resisted by US companies.B. needs to be readjusted immediately.C. is faced with uncertain prospects.D. needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the. best title for this text?A. France Is Confronted with Trade SanctionsB. France leads the charge on Digital TaxC. France Says "NO" to Tech MultinationalsD. France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections：In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each ofthe numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in anyof the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. Eye fixactions are briefB. Too much eye contact is instinetively felt to be rudeC. Eye contact can be a friendly social signalD. Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactE. Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigatedF. Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangersG. Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here 's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41. ________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back . This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.________With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connectionor trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations. Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep 'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44.________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-" A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Section III TranslationDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly onthe ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With (the gap between) the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy,and any such hereticsthat continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.48. Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made,and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latinphrase'sapere aude'or 'dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is EnlightenmentIt was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.Section IV WritingPart ADirections: T he Student Union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students an upcoming singing contest. Write a notice inabout100 words. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not useyour name in the notice.Part B52: Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should:1) Describe the picture briefly;2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments【参考答案】【1-5】CABDA 【6-10】BDADC 【11-15】CABDC 【16-20】BABCD 【21-25】CBDAC 【26-30】DACAD 【31-35】ACDCB 【36-40】CABCB 【41-45】CEGAD【参考译文】46.由于文艺复兴时期教会的教义和思维方式之间的差距被消除，中世纪和现代时期之间的差距得以弥合，导致了新的和未开发的知识领域。
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题(英语二)
来源网络，造福学生———————欢迎下载，祝您学习进步，成绩提升———————2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Being a good parent is,of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very__1__,particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm,rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than,__2__,a younger sibling.__3__,there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to__4__:a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,__5__every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy__6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a__7__and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You’re only human,and sometimes your kids can__8__you just a little too far.And then the__9__happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too__10__and does nobody any good.You wish that you could__11__the clock and start over.We’ve all been there.__12__,even though it’s common,it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue,you can say something to your child that you may__13__for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also__14__your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your__15__with your kids,then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the__16__of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation.This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when__17__by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly,it’s incredibly__18__to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try,to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with__19__situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal,you and your children will benefit and__20__from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2.A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3.A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4.A amuse B assist C describe D train5.A while B because C unless D once6.A answer B task C choice D access7.A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8.A move B drag C push D send9.A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10.A boring B naive C harsh D vague11.A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12.A overall B instead C however D otherwise13.A like B miss C believe D regret14.A raise B affect C justify D reflect15.A time B bond C race D cool16.A nature B secret C importance D context17.A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18.A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19.A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20.A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
硕士入学考试：2020年[英语二]考试真题与答案解析
![硕士入学考试：2020年[英语二]考试真题与答案解析](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/26e43ec0112de2bd960590c69ec3d5bbfd0adaac.png)
硕士入学考试：2020年[英语二]考试真题与答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this. You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child thatyou may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
广东工业大学研究报告英语期末考试历年试卷和答案
English Final for Postgraduates (A) 2 HoursPart I Vocabulary (25%)Choose the best answer from the four choices given.A）hold back B）hold onC）hold to D）hold up27. The constancy of human nature is, as no one believes that a man can fundamentally change hisnature.A）proven B）proverbialC）provisional D）provocative28. Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societal andgroup practices and expectations ________ romantic experience.A) shape B) polishC) resist D) stir29. Married partners may love each other even though they rarely, or never,_______ physicalintimacy.A) engage with B) engage inC) engine with D) engine in30.Beginning in childhood, parents encourage or limit future romantic_______by selecting certainneighborhoods and schools.A)dimensions B) connectionsC) liaisons D) affiliations31. He had to excuse for being late.A) make into B) make upC. make out D) make over32. These horrific photographs will affect people’s of war.A) percussion B) viewC) idea D) perception33. This course is useful for students who are in from one training program to another.A) change B) transitionC) transplanting D) transferring34. A German companywith a Swiss firm to develop the product.A) collaborated B) operatedC) collided D) liberated35. They failed to their resources effectively.A) move B) mobilizeC)mitigate D)define36. The business environment is less lone-wolf and competitive, so signs of being collaborative andselfless.A) stand up B) stand outC) stand by D) stand on37. Ben never touched beer; or any kind of alcohol.A) for all that B) for the bestC) for that matter D) for that rate38. A monk who loves in a monastery or temple has a relaxed and peaceful life of ________.A) complain B) contemptC) discovery D) contemplation39. We are going to and move to Montana.A) pull up stakes B) pull out of stakesC) pull over stakes D) pull to stakes40. Another important piece of risk tolerance is a candidate’s of comfort with failure.A) acceptance B) intentionC) degree D) agreement41. The quality in New York that its inhabitants from life may simply weaken them as individuals.A) divides B) insulatesC) introduces D) informs42. She gave a ________ good performance in the TV as a police officer investigating a murder.A) eventually B) crediblyC) famously D) staggeringly43. I study in the library as there are too many at home.A) distributions B) distractionsC) deeds D) decorations44.He surprised me with his knowledge of Kierkegaard and Schopenhauer.A) intimate B) infiniteC) incident D) inside45.Although such a statement may seem self-centered, it’s actually quite_.A) insightful B) insignificantC) superstitious D) respectful46. This requirement needs to run throughout an organization and is not ________ to management.A) just B) exclusiveC) excluding D) especial47. We must our woodlands for future generations.A) conserve B) considerC)consecrate D) consent48.In the first five years of successful reform, the country’s GDP ________ by almost 40%.A) inclined B) soaredC) sacrificed D) installed49. I didn’t enjoy studying philosophy-----I found it too much of theoretical_.A) trait B) ideaC) discipline D) academia50. City officials have slowed the development by ________ building permits for the area.A) threatening B) issuingC) stalling D) gamblingPart II Extensive Reading (10%)Choose the best answer according to what you’ve read in the texts of Extensive Reading.51.Which of the following statements is not true according to text Solemn Ceremony MarksHandover.A)The president of PRC Mr. Jiang Zemin and the Prince of Wales, both spoke at theceremony.B)Both the British National Anthem and the Chinese Anthem were played at the ceremony.C)The ceremony was carried out in the afternoon in the Hong Kong Convention and ExhibitionCenter.D)The ceremony was telecast live around the world.52. The poll indicated that _______.A)people in America seldom hesitate to speak in publicB)how to speak in public is the most serious problem for AmericansC)the thing the American people feared most was to speak in publicD)nothing is as important as that of solving the problems of speaking in public.53. The text Building a Better Self-image mainly focuses on _______.A)the development of children in the first years.B)the successful interview of job huntersC)some social problems such as violence and suicide.D)the voluntary work of young people54. The author of What’s So Good About Failure gives most examples of _______ to show thevalue of failure in today’s world.A)doctors B) business peopleC) professors D) engineers55. In Don’t Face Stress Alone, the author suggests that people can relieve stress by _______.A)taking part in more sportsB)paying attention to their dietC)asking others for help at work when you have difficultiesD)having heart-to heart talks with friends56. According to the passage, Ulanova was regarded as the symbol of _______.A) classic dances B) Russian balletC) femininity D) Russian singing57. Children whose fathers help care for them have _______.A) higher IQs B) better impulse controlC) better social adaptations D) all of the above58. For a person who defends his erroneous beliefs _______ according to Living Humanism.A)it is necessary to show him that he is wrongB)little can be done to correct himC)now he is always delighted in thinking that he has possessed the factsD)he does not have the quality of loving truth59. Which of the following statements is not true according to Shyness… Nature or Nurture?A) People once thought that temperament was decided by nature.B) The behavior of throwing dishes or slamming doors is also partly inheritable.C) Scientists now believe environment plays a more important role in the formation of a man’spersonality than genetics does.D) Most scientists focus their studies on twins in order to know the importance of inheritance.60.. The main idea of And Now the TV Forecast is that _______.A) the electronic superhighway will offer great entertainment for the rural areaB) digital TV will play an important role in the 21st centuryC) thunder and lightning will break down the digital TVD) digital TV will also need weather forecastingPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneThe qualities of leadership are almost constant the world over. If you would like to become president of your class, school, or student council, you must first demonstrate that you have the potentials of leadership.For one thing, you must show that you are interested in your school and in your fellow students. In practical terms, this means taking an active part in school activities. It means joining clubs, attending dances and other social functions, and going out for athletics --- if you are athletic. (1) But many young people have to push themselves to join clubs or attend dances. Perhaps you are one of them. The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness. There is nothing whatever wrong with shyness; it can be overcome if you recognize that it is not a permanent affliction (苦恼)，and if you realize, too, that most if your schoolmates are probably as shy as you are.If you consciously strive (努力) to overcome shyness by going out to meet people, you will find yourself at the same time developing another quality of leadership--- understanding. As your circle of friends and contacts widens you will get to know your schoolmates better. Because you are no longer so concerned with your own feeling, you will begin to respect and take into account the feelings of others. Your friends and acquaintances (熟人) will be ware of your new attitude, for it will show in many small ways--- your greeting, conversation, and willingness to give and accept friendship.Another quality of leadership which you can develop is willingness to do a bit extra. If you are expected to sell ten tickets to a dance, for example, and sell fifteen, you have proves your interest and your effort to make your organization successful. Once you acquire the reputation of always doing a little more than expected, your fellow students will be willing to trust you with greater responsibilities. All your extra effort also indicates enthusiasm, and shows that you concentrate more on how to do a job efficiently than on its difficulties.A fourth quality of leadership is imagination--- the ability to see a way through problems and to develop new ideas. You can develop this all important quality by devoting extra thought during quiet moments to problems being faces by your organization. Many members of club sit passively through a meeting, and give no more thought to club matters until the next meeting, you are likely to come up with new ideas (or at least some questions) to contribute at the next meeting.As you show that you are interested in your school or organization, that you have understanding and respect for your schoolmates, and that you will work hard and use your imagination, your schoolmates will naturally think of you as one of their leaders. When the time comes for election of class or student body officers, you will be mentioned as a possible candidate by your closer friends , and this word will reach other groups until you are given a chance to declare yourself a candidate without seeming immodest.61. This article _______.A) discusses how a person can develop qualities of leadershipB) indicates various ways a good leader can make friends and influence peopleC) analyzes the responsibilities of leadershipD) explains why many people are not good leaders62. The author feels that a prospective leader should attend school dances to _______.A) prove that he is the best dance in the schoolB) show his interest in school activitiesC) overcome his shynessD) learn how to dance63. The author apparently feels that a person who is not athletic _______.A) should go out for athletics anywayB) is definitely not interested in school electionsC) has no chance of becoming a leaderD) can participate in other school activities64. In the sentence “The basic reason for this hesitancy is natural shyness.”the word“hesitancy” means _______.A) willingness B) reluctance C) embarrassment D) indecision65. This analysis is a _______.A) cause-and-effect discussion of the outcome of school electionsB) point-by-point explanation of how to develop the qualities of leadershipC) comparison of good leaders and bad leadersD) close examination of the good points of the president of student councilPassage TwoBaekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average intheir sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist（不动摇）in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge toappear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers”did poorly. More than this, theyseemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers”were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic（疯人）.The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that theseyoung men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightlybed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted （向）, inhibited （压抑）,passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves （particularly in social situations）. Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.66. According to the report,________.A）many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB）many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time becausethey are busy with their workC）long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD）many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood67. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that ________.A）sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB）sleep interferes with their sound judgmentC）sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD）sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles68. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers ________.A）are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB）often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC）do not know how to relax properlyD）are more unlikely to run into mental problems69. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might________.A）appear disturbedB）become energeticC）feel dissatisfiedD）be extremely depressed70. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A）If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened B）The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patientsC）Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD）Short sleepers would be better off with more restPassage ThreeOur quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is athief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel fromboth sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we havea double track to boot.The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. （This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.）Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement.A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from oneto five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of theschoolboy - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living.71. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ________.A）entitles us to too much leisure timeB）urges us to get things done punctuallyC）deprives us of leisure timeD）imposes on us a perfect concept of time72. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ________.A）the excitement of lifeB）magnificent idling of timeC）more emphasis on efficiencyD）terrifying schoolboy73. The passage tells us ________.A）Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB）all Americans are forced to be efficient against their willC）Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD）Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency74. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead to ________. A）great confusionB）increased productionC）a hard and exciting lifeD）successful completion of a tunnel75. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ________.A）every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboyB）every American is reluctant to be efficientC）every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD）being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formedPart IV Translation (20%)Translate the following five sentences into English (10%)76. 这家公司负债累累，到了崩溃的边缘。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
The 31th International Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2018) will be held on May 21-23, 2018 in Beijing, China. The conference is organized by State Key Laboratory of Computer Science (SKLCS), Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in cooperation with ACM-SIGGRAPH, under guidance of the Computer Graphics Society (CGS).
Publicity chair
Hanqiu Sun, Chinese University of Hong Kong
SCOPE AND LIST OF TOPICS
CASA invites submissions on a broad range of topics, including but not limited to:
CASA was founded in 1988 in Geneva, Switzerland, and it is the oldest international conference in computer animation and social agents in the world. In the last ten years, CASA was held in Korea (2008), Netherlands (2009), France (2010), China (2011), Singapore (2012), Turkey (2013), United States (2014), Singapore (2015), Switzerland (2016) and Korea (2017).
Part IIReading comprehension (10points,2points for each)
Directions:Read the following “Call for Papers” and answer the questions about the conference.
Short papers (4~6 pages) and Posters (1 page)
Submission Deadline: Mar. 20, 2018
Notification of Acceptance: Apr. 1, 2018
Camera Ready: Apr. 10, 2018
COMMITTEE
4. Wherewill the short papers and posters be published?
5. Where can you obtain more information aboutthe CASA 2018?
Part IIIAbstract writing (25points)
Conference co-chairs
Nadia Magnenat Thalmann, MIRALab, University of Geneva, Switzerland and NTU, Singapore
Enhua Wu, ISCAS and University of Macau, China
PAPER SUBMISSION
We invite submissions of research full papers, short papers, and posters on a broad range of topics, including but not limited to Computer Animation, Embodied Agents, Social Agents, Virtual and Augmented Reality, and Visualization (see below for a detailed list).
Other Related Topics
Animation Compression and Transmission
Semantics and Ontologies
Anthropometric Virtual Human Models
Acquisition and Reconstruction from Big Data
IMPORTANT DATES (23h59 UTC/GMT)
Full papers (10 pages)
Submission Deadline: Jan. 27, 2018
Notification of Acceptance: Mar. 2, 2018
Camera Ready: Mar. 15, 2018
A threefold challenge now faces the world (Von Braun, 2007): match the rapidly changing demand for food from a larger and more affluent population to its supply; do so in ways that are environmentally and socially sustainable; and ensure that the world’s poorest are no longer hungry; this challenge requires changes in the way food is produced, stored, processed, distributed and accessed that are as radical as those that occurred during the 18th-and-19th-century Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions and the 20th-century Green Revolution. Increases in production will have an important part to play, but they will be constrained as never before by the finite resources provided by the Earth’s land, oceans and atmosphere (Conway, 1997).
Cultural Heritage Applications
3D Physiological Humans
3D Telepresence
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
Social Robots
Deep Learning methods
Please answer the questions below briefly. (10%)
For more information, please visitthe CASA 2018 website.
Max. 28-page full papers will be recommended to publish in a special issue of theComputer Animation and Virtual Worlds Journalpublished by Wiley (CAVW).The short papers and posters will be published in the ACM digital library. All submissions will be reviewed via a double-blind review process.
Program co-chairs
Daniel Thalmann, EPFL, Switzerland
Leonid Sigal, University of British Columbia, Canada
Wencheng Wang, ISCAS, China
Workshop chair
Hui Chen, ISCSA, China
1. Where is the venue forthe 31th International Conference onCASA 2018and who organize it?
2. What are the main topics of the conference?
3. Is there length limitation for the full paper? If yes, what is the maximum?
Directions:Read the following article and write an abstract ofabout200wordsfor it.
The past half-century has seen marked growth in food production, allowing for a dramatic decrease in the production of the world’s people that are hungry, despite a doubling of the total population (World Bank, 2008; FAO, 2009a). Nevertheless, more than one in seven people today still do not have access to sufficient protein and energy from their diet, and even more suffer from some form of micronutrient malnourishment (FAO. 2009b), The global population will continue to grow; yet it is likely to plateau at some 9 billion people by roughly the middle of this century. A major correlate of this deceleration in population growth is increased wealth, and with higher purchasing power comes higher consumption and a greater demand for processed food, meat, dairy products and fish, all of which add pressure to the food supply system. At the same time, food producers are experiencing greater rivalry for land, water and energy, and the need to curb the many negative effects of food production on the environment is becoming increasingly clear (Tilman et al., 2001; WRI, 2005). Overarching all of these issues is the threat of the effects of substantial climate change and concerns about how mitigation and adaptation measures may affect the food system (Parry et al., 2007; Schmidhuber & Tubiello, 2007).