2006年考研英语新题型40篇

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2006年考研英语真题

2006考研英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. homeles sness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly . To help homeless people independence, the federal government must support job training programs, the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is . One of the federal government’s studies that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. when homeless individuals manage to find a that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday skills needed to turn their lives . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are programs that address the many needs of the homeless. Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, it, “There has to be of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5. [A] generally [B] almost [C] hardly [D] not6. [A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7. [A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8. [A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9. [A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10. [A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11. [A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12. [A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13. [A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14. [A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15. [A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16. [A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17. [A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D] compensating18. [A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19. [A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20. [A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or[D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.T he 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “B y the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living with in the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying [B] associating [C] assimilating [D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century ________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American soc iety is ________.[A] rewarding [B] successful [C] fruitless [D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.An yway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides [B] favors the townsfolk’s vie w[C] takes a detached attitude [D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have fa iled to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ ________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we wen t from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more thanpleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer” (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the cas ino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost$72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.I n March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct.28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B] It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual. First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

2006年考研英语阅读理解

2006年考研英语阅读理解Text 1In spite of "endless talk of difference," American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is "the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference" characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite." these were stores "anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act." The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor r esistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that "a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence."The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. "By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families." Hence the description of as a “ graveyard" for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreigh-born Asians and Hispanics "have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks." By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Grarth Brooks, yet "some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power."Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “gomogenizing”(Line 2 ,Paragraph 1 )most probably means[A]identifying.[B]associating.[C]assimilating.[D]monopolizing.22.According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture[B]became intimate shops for common sonsumers.[C]satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.[A]are resistant to homogenizating. [B]exert a great influence on American culture.[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture. [D]constitute the majority of the population.24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brook mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A]To prove their popularity around the w orld. [B]To reveal the public’s fear of immirtants.[C]To give example of successful immigrants.[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion , the absorption of immigrants into American society is[A]rewarding. [B]successful. [C]fruitless. [D]harmful.Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloomThe oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the shortYet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have aRich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, coMPAred with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be moreOne more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist's commodity price index is broadly［A］［B］red［C］［D］［A］［B］commodity prices rise.［C］［D］53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries .［A］heavy industry becomes more energy-［B］［C］manufacturing i［D］［A］oil-［B］inflation seems irrelevant to oil-［C］e［D］［A］［B］［C］［D］Text 1Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things.You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living. If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references. Such an account is valuable. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you, you could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualificationswill pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something tangible to sell. Then you are ready to hunt for a job. Get all the possible information about your could-be job. Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open, and use your own judgment. Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind: Securing a job is your job now.51. W hat do the elders mean when they say, “It’s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”?[A] You’ll certainly get what you want.[B] It’s no use dreaming.[C] You should be dissatisfied with what you have.[D] It’s essential to set a goal for y ourself.52. [A] blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as ________.[A] an illustration of how to write an application for a job[B] an indication of how to secure a good job[C] a guideline for job description[D] a principle for job evaluation53. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because ________.[A] that is the first step to please the employer[B] that is the requirement of the employer[C] it enables him to know when to sell his services[D] it forces him to become clearly aware of himself54. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something ________.[A] definite to offer[B] imaginary to provide[C] practical to supply[D] desirable to present。

2006年考研英语真题及解析

2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s po pulation. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is8 . One of the federal government’s studies9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2.[A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3.[A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4.[A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5.[A] Generally [B] Almost [C] Hardly [D] Not6.[A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8.[A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9.[A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11.[A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13.[A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15.[A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16.[A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17.[A] complex [B] comprehensive [C]complementary [D] compensating18.[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19.[A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20.[A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogeniz ation.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” T he children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying [B] associating[C] assimilating [D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century ________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture [B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite [D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization [B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture [D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world. [B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants. [D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is _______.[A] rewarding [B] successful[C] fruitless [D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theat re adds a penny totheir revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that______.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects [B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money [D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending [B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable [D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides [B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude [D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33. By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly [B] then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss [D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fish eries’ ________.[A] management efficiency [B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits [D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know pe rpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying thi s but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer” (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.[A] religious [B] unpleasant [C] entertaining [D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replace the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall. (44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was prese nted, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B] It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of the intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moralinformation which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist, for one. (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。

06年考研英语阅读新题型(1)

06年考研英语阅读新题型(1)一、今年7选5题型的整体分析总的来说，今年的7选5题型比去年简单。

今年的考题是关于“赌博”这个社会问题的讨论的，文章从生动鲜明的实例引入，继而谈到各大媒体对这个问题的反应和讨论，是非常鲜明的西方报刊杂志的文章的风格，对于经常阅读英文报刊杂志的同学，这样的文章其实并不难上手。

同时，不可质疑的是，今年的考题不仅仅强调了考生的词汇量问题，而且从更深一步强调了考生对于西方文化的理解。

文中casino一词，就带有鲜明的西方文化特征，表示“赌场”。

很多同学熟悉gamble一词，但是对于casino并不见得了解。

这个单词原本是意大利语，是casa的小字尾“房屋”，而其本身也来自于拉丁语casa，意思是“村舍、小屋、茅屋。

”最起初，这个词专门用来指一所乡间房屋，后来逐渐演变成用来指一个社交聚会场所，人们可以在那里跳舞、听音乐和赌博。

而随着时代发展，赌博这种娱乐的地位似乎已在其他娱乐之上，于是它开始有了“赌场”的含义。

而现在，这个意大利词的这些意义都已被借用到英语中；“社交聚会场所”这层意思在18世纪首次被记录下来，“赌场”的含义在1851年被首次记录下来。

在西方，标有casino的地方几乎每个大城市都随处可见，而casino这样的赌博场所给人们带来的问题也越来越明显，于是就有了关于casino的讨论。

随着因特网的出现，方便快捷的在线casino也越来越盛行，在google上搜索一下“casino”，你可以找到无数的casinoonline。

对于考生来说，学习英语的同时熟悉英语国家的文化是非常重要的一方面，这也是今年考题出题的一个很明显的趋势，希望下年度要考研的同学注意。

除此以外，今年的考题还是要提醒同学们关于做题的具体的步骤。

第一步：读首句，明大意。

弄明白文章的大意，在答题的时候牢牢扣住文章的主旨，心中如果能牢记文章主旨，答题时就能做到有条不紊。

第二步：观选项，找特征。

文章大意明了后，一定要沉下心来仔细观察选项，千万不能马虎，把文章的衔接和连贯的手段，比方说人称代词、指示代词、连接词、复现同现这些词语标记出来。

06考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2006 年Part OneIn spite of “endless talk of difference, ” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th – century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite. ” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turnedshoppin g into apublicanddemocraticact. ” The massmedia, advertisingand sports are other forces forhomogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture,which maynot be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing fortheNational Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports thattoday ’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant toassimilation . In 1998immigrants were 9.8 percent of population;in 1900,13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived forevery 1,000 residents; in the 10yearsprior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language,homeownership andintermarriage.The 1990 Census revealedthat “a majority of immigrants from eachof the fifteenmostcommoncountries of originspokeEnglish “well ” or“very well ”after ten years ofresidence. ” The children of immigrantstend to bebilingualandproficient in English. “By the third generation,the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant ”families.Hence the description of America as a graveyard ” for language. By1996foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownershiprateof 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8percent rate amongnative-bornAmericans.Foreign - born Asians andHispanics“have higher ratesofintermarriage than do U.S- born whites andblacks.” By thethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenare married to non-Hispanics, and41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez not that childrenin remotevillagesaroundworld are fansof superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United Statesremainsomehow immune to thenation’s assimilative power. ”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. Itis big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today ’s social induces suggest a darkand deteriorating social environment.1. The word “homogenizing ”（Line 2, Paragraph 1）most probably means___A. identifyingB. associatingC. assimilatingD. monopolizing2. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century___3.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.___A.are resistant to homogenization.B.exert a great influence on American culture.C.are hardly a threat to the commonculture. D.constitute the majority of thepopulation.4.Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?A.To prove their popularity around the world.B. To reveal the public ’s fear of immigrants.C. To give examples of successful immigrants.D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.5.In the author ’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society isA. rewardingB. SuccessfulC. fruitlessD. harmfulUnit 13 （2006） Part 1 重点词汇：1. uniformity n.一样，一致；统一性；（相关词）uniform a. 相同的，统一标准的； be uniform with 与,, 同一形式或外貌2. casualness n.偶然，意外；草率行事；漫不经心；平心静气3. array ① n. 排列；一批，大量；显眼的一系列② vt. 排列，制定（计划等）： array oneself 装扮，打扮自己、搭配 vast arrays of 大批的，大量的4.knowledgeable a. 有知识的，学识渊博的，有见识的5. amaze v. 使（某人）惊异或惊奇6. intimate a. 密切的，亲密的7. cater v. = provide food and service 提供饮食及服务 ; 搭配cater for （或 to ）提供饮食及服务，迎合（某人）8. elite n. 精英，尖子9. elevate vt. 提升，抬起，振作精神；使（人）欢欣鼓舞；提高（思想、道德品质、文化素质等）。

考研英语冲刺：2006年考研英语阅读真题和答案

2006年考研英语阅读真题及答案 Text 1 In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th –century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.” Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. 1. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means___ A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing 2. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century___ A. played a role in the spread of popular culture. B. became intimate shops for common consumers. C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption. 3. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.___ A. are resistant to homogenization. B. exert a great influence on American culture. C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. D. constitute the majority of the population. 4. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? A. To prove their popularity around the world. B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants. C. To give examples of successful immigrants. D. To show the powerful influence of American culture. 5. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is A. rewarding B. Successful C. fruitless D. harmful 参考答案：CACDB Text 2 Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.)The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)---lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.. 6. From the first two paras , we learn that____ A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism 7. It can be inferred from Para 3 that____ A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater 8. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that____ A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties C. the town is not really short of money D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid 9. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because____ A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending B. the company is financially ill-managed C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable D. the theatre attendance is on the rise 10. From the text we can conclude that the author_____ A. is supportive of both sides B. favors the townsfolk’s view C. takes a detached attitude D. is sympathetic to the RSC 参考答案：ABCDD Text 3 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then. Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now. Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheriesare well below that, which is a bad way to do business. 11. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that____ A. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment. B. small species survived as large animals disappeared. C. large sea animals may face the same threat today. D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones 12. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that____ A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%. B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.b d s f i d = " 1 2 2 " > 0 0 C . t h ec a t c h s i z e s i n n e w f i s h e r i e s a r e o n l y 2 0 % o f t h e o r i g i n a l a m o u n t . b r bd s f i d = " 1 2 3 " > 0 0 D . t he n u m b e r of l a rg e r p r e d a t o r s d r o p p e d f a s t e r i n n e w f i sh e ri e s t h a n i n t h e o l d . b r b d s f i d = " 1 2 4 " > 0 0 1 3 . B y s a y i n g t h e s e f i g u r e s a r e c o n s e r v a t i v e ( L i n e 1 , p a r a g r a p h 3 ) , D r W o r m m e a n s t h a t _ _ _ _ b r b d s f i d = " 1 2 5 " > 0 0 A . f i s h i n g t e c h n o l o g y h a s i m p r o v e d r a p i d l y b r b d s f i d = " 1 2 6 " > 0 0 B . t h e n c a t c h - s i z e s a r e a c t u a l l y s m a l l e r t h e n r e c o r d e d b r b d s f i d = " 1 2 7 " > 0 0 C . t h e m a r i n e b i o m a s s h a s s u f f e r e d a g r e a t e r l o s s b r b d s f i d = " 1 2 8 " > 0 0 D . t h e d a t a c o l l e c t e d s o f a r a r e o u t o f d a t e . b r b d s f i d = " 1 2 9 " > 0 0 1 4 . D r M y e r s a n d o t h e r r e s e a r c h e r s h o l d t h a t _ _ _ _ _ b r b d s f i d = " 1 3 0 " > 0 0 A . p e o p l e s h o u l d l o o k f o r a b a s e l i n e t h a t c a n t w o r k f o r a l o n g e r t i m e . b r b d s f i d = " 1 3 1 " > 0 0 B . f i s h e r i e s s h o u l d k e e p t h e y i e l d b e l o w 5 0 % o f t h e b i o m a s s b r b d s f i d = " 1 3 2 " > 0 0 C . t h e o c e a n b i o m a s s s h o u l d r e s t o r e d i t s o r i g i n a l l e v e l . b r b d s f i d = " 1 3 3 " > 0 0 D . p e o p l e s h o u l d a dj u s t t h e f i s h i n g b a s e l i n e t o c h a n g i n g s i t u a t i o n b r b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > 0 0 1 5 . T h e a u t h o r s e e m s t o b e m a i n l y c o n c e r n e d w i t h m o s t f i s h e r i e s _ _ _ b r b d s f i d = " 1 3 5 " > 0 0 A . m a n a g e m e n t e f f i c i e n c y b r b d s f i d = " 1 3 6 " > 0 0 B . b i o m a s s l e v e l b r b d s f i d = " 1 3 7 " > 0 0 C . c a t c h - s i z e l i m i t b r b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 " > 0 0 D . t e c h n o l o g i c a l a p p l i c a t i o n .。

2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答(4)

2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答(4) Part B本部分内容请参见Part B（二）答案解析及参考译文Part C篇章导读本文的中心内容为如何改进公众对科学研究的认识。

文章首先提出了虽然不同领域间的相互受益在科学界被广为认同，但公众却不清楚这一事实，之后阐述了改进公众对科学认识的时机已经成熟并讲述了如何提高公众对科学研究的认识，最后作者以农业为例，说明了其它学科领域的研究对生物医学进步所起的作用。

思路解析46.本句的句子主干结构为“……the scientific community could build a more effective case for public support of all science……”，其中“Because……is strong”为because引导的原因状语从句，“by articulating……”为方式状语，在该方式状语中how引导“articulate”的宾语从句。

47.本句的句子主干结构为“……we can work to enhance public appreciation of scientific research……”，其中“by showing……”为方式状语，在该方式状语中how引导“show”的宾语从句。

48.本句为简单句。

句子的主干结构为“……it may appear to have made few significant contributions to biomedicaladvances……”，在该句中“related to human nutrition”为形容词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的“those.”49.本句的主句为“it was……that”的强调句型，其中“at the turn of the century”为时间状语，该时间状语包含一个when引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的“the turn of the century”，该定语从句为连词and连接的并列结构。

2006年考研英语新题型

2006年考研英语新题型摘要：1.2006 年考研英语新题型概述2.新题型对考生的要求3.考试内容分析4.范文及写作技巧正文：The concept of time has always been a 1.(A) fascinating (B) frustrating (C) frightening topic for humans.Throughout history, people have 2.(A) contemplated (B) celebrated (C) criticized the role of time in their lives.3.(A) Art (B) Science (C) Religion has always played a crucial role in shaping our understanding of time.In ancient Greece, time was 4.(A) worshipped (B) observed (C) wasted as a deity.The Greeks believed that time was a 5.(A) force (B) factor (C) form of change, which brought about the rise and fall of empires.6.(A) However, (B) Therefore, (C) Consequently, the Romans had a different perspective of time.They 7.(A) valued (B) praised (C) questioned the importance of time.8.(A) Their (B) This (C) These different perspectives of time 9.(A) inspired (B) frightened (C) amused the artists of the Renaissance period.They explored the concept of time through their 10.(A) paintings (B) sculptures (C) writings.【答案】1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A写作技巧：1.保持段落主题一致：确保每个段落只讨论一个主题，避免内容杂乱无章。

2006年考研英语真题及参考答案

2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)①The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.② 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2 . ③To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs,4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.① 5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. ②Estimates 6 anywhere from 600, 000 to 3 million.③ 7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8 .④One of the federal government’s studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.①Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.② 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three mealsa day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street.③Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. ④Anda significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. ⑤Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16 .⑥Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless.⑦ 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, ⑧“There has to be 20 of programs. ⑨What’s need is a package deal. ”1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5. [A] Generally [B] Almost [C] Hardly [D] Not6. [A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7. [A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8. [A] inﬂating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9. [A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11.[A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13.[A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15.[A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16.[A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17.[A] complex [B] comprehensive[C] complementary [D] compensating18.[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19.[A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20.[A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordinationSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1①In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. ②There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. ③People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. ④Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. ⑤This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”⑥The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.①Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. ②Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. ③In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent.④In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1, 000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1, 000. ⑤Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.①The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.”②The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English.③“By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”④Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages.⑤By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.①Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”②By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”①Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?②Indeed.③It is big enough to have a bit of everything. ④But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying [B] associating[C] assimilating [D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S._________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great inﬂuence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful inﬂuence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_________.[A] rewarding [B] successful[C] fruitless [D] harmfulText 2①Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. ②There is the RoyalShakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. ③And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.①The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.②They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. ③It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.①The tourist streams are not entirely separate. ②The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. ③However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. ④It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. ⑤The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.①The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. ②Stratford cries poor traditionally.③Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. ④Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.①Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. ②(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) ③The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.①It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.②They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. ③They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the ﬂagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a. m.26.From the first two paragraphs, we learn that__________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that__________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because___________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author__________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3①When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. ②Smaller species survived. ③The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. ④Now somethingsimilar could be happening in the oceans.①That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. ②What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. ③They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. ④Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. ⑤According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. ⑥In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.①Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. ②One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. ③Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. ④That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. ⑤In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. ⑥Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. ⑦Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. ⑧That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.①Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. ②They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. ③The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. ④That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. ⑤Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that____________.[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that____________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33. By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, Paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that__________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that__________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’___________.[A] management efficiency [B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits [D] technological applicationText 4①Many things make people think artists are weird. ②But the weirdest may be this: artists’only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.①This wasn’t always so. ②The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. ③But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.①You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. ②But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. ③The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damnhappiness in the world today.①After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? ②Advertising. ③The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.①People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. ②They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. ③In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms.④Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.①Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. ②Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. ③Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. ④And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. ⑤“Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.①But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. ②The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. ③Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. ④It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that_________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grow out of both positive and negative feeling[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artist have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer” (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something_________.[A] religious [B] unpleasant[C] entertaining [D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising_________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art ﬂourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card,” which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls “electronic heroin.”(41)____________ In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat dockedat 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998, a friend of Williams’ got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’ gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the “medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42)____________The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning:“Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’ suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure”him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43)____________The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44)____________ Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)____________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B] It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’ suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of the intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底的) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual andmoral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist, for one. (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emersion would say, is something else.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the photos brieﬂy,2) interpret the social phenomenon reﬂected by them, and3) give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语试题参考答案Section I Use of English1. A. Indeed2. B. cope3. D. toward4. A. raise5. D. Not6. C. range7. B. Although8. C. increasing9. A. predicts 10. A. assist11. C. Even 12. B. shelter 13. D. wandering 14. C. while 15. C. survival 16. A. around 17. B. comprehensive 18. C. As 19. A. puts 20. D. coordinationSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText121. C. assimilating22. A. played a role in the spread of popular culture23. C. are hardly a threat to the common culture24. D. To show the powerful inﬂuence of American culture.25. B. successfulText226. A. the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue27. B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers28. C. the town is not really short of money29. D. the theatre attendance is on the rise30. D. is sympathetic to the RSCText331. C. large sea animals may face the same threat today32. A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%33. C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss34. D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35. B. biomass levelText436. D. artist have changed their focus of interest。

2006考研英语真题（word版）

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Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly . To help homeless people independence, the federal government must support job training programs, the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is . One of the federal government’s studies that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. when homeless individuals manage to find a that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday skills needed to turn their lives . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are programs that addressthe many needs of the homeless. Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, it, “There has to be of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up。

2006年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案(4)

2006年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案(4)Text 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world， something strong happened to the large animals；they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived， the large， slow-growing animals were easy game， and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans that the seas are being over-fished has been known for years what researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods de not attempt to estimate the actual biomass （the amount of living biological matter） of fish species in particular parts of the ocean， but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature， the biomass of large predators （animals that kill and eat other animals） inanes fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas， it has halved again since then Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative， one reason for this is that fishing technology has improved Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar， which were not available 50 years ago that means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught， so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days， too， longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught， since to baited hooks would have been available to trap them， leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore， in the early days of longline fishing， a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem， because there are fewer sharks around noise.Dr. Myers and Dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline， whichfuture management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support an idea current among marine biologists， that of the"shifting baseline"。

2006年考研英语真题及答案

2006年考研英语试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.__1__ homel essness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly _____2____. To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing._____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _____7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is_____8____, one of the federal g overnment’s studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street, Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,____14____not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives _____16__.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are_17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless. _____18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,___19__it. “There has to be _____20___of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th –century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor r esistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably meansA. identifyingB. associatingC. assimilatingD. monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th centuryA.played a role in the spread of popular culture.B.became intimate shops for common consumers.C.satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.D.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.A.are resistant to homogenization.B.exert a great influence on American culture.C.are hardly a threat to the common culture.D.constitute the majority of the population.24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?A. To prove their popularity around the world.B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.C. To give examples of successful immigrants.D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society isA. rewardingB. successfulC. fruitlessD. harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because the y spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespea re Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)---lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to themwhen the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.Text 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest thatA. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment.B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper thatA. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.33. By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means thatA. fishing technology has improved rapidlyB. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recordedC. the marine biomass has suffered a greater lossD. the data collected so far are out of date.34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold thatA. people shoul d look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time.B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomassC. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’A.management efficiencyB.biomass levelC.catch-size limitsD.technological application.Text 4Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda--to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.What we forget--what our economy depends on is forgetting--is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show thatA. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.B. Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling.C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness.D. Artist have changed their focus of interest.37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means somethingA. religiousB. unpleasantC. entertainingD. commercial38.In the author’s opinion, adv ertisingA.emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part.B.is a cause of disappointment for the general peerC.replace the church as a major source of informationD.creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believesA.Happiness more often than not ends in sadness.B.The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing.C.Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.D.The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40.Which of the following is true of the text?A.Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.B.Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.C.People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.D.mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls electronic morphine. (41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a” cease admissions” letter notingthe medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety have to his safety or well-being. (42) ______________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to ”love” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well. (43) ______________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrolla ble pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall, (44) ______________.Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. (45) ______________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on --you might say --addicted to--revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of NEWSWEEK reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.(A). Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.(B). It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?(C). By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.(D). Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.(E). David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.(F). It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.(G). The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Our translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems .He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --- the average scientist for one 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties.--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment .This description even fits the majority eminent scholars .“Being learned in some branch of human k nowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say ,“is something else.”Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should1.describe the photos briefly,2.interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3.give your point of view.有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham 是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

2006年考研英语真题短文写作及范文

2006年考研英语真题短文写作及范文Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1)describe the photos briefly,2)interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3)give your point of view.You should write 160 – 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20points)把崇拜写在脸上花300元做个“小贝头”注: Beckham (贝克汉姆) —英国足球明星。

范文一：高分范文The Craze of Blind Star WorshipAs is vividly betrayed in the twin photos above, blind idol worship has become a craze among young people nowadays. The man in the left photo has Beckham, the name of an international football star, drawn on his face while the man in the right photo spends 300 yuan in having his hair cut in the same hairstyle as Beckham’s. What is revealed in the photos is most thought-provoking.The social phenomenon reflected in the photos above can be elaborated as follows. To begin with, the craze of blind idol worship is nothing but a natural result of our modern society. Since we are living in a commercial world which deifies stars or celebrities, young people are readily swayed by the commercial propaganda. To be exact, their daily life is permeated with both foreign and domestic stars. Therefore, our social environment has bred the craze. What’s more, the craze of blind idol worship can be attributed to the immaturity of young people. Since they are still undergoing physical and psychological development, young people are most likely to focus their attention not on innermost essence but on appearance or surface. As a result, they sometimes follow suit blindly. On the whole, the social phenomenon demonstrated in the photosabove is closely related to the social environment and their own immaturity.In my view, the craze of blind idol worship should be taken into account by each responsible citizen of our society. On the one hand, a wholesome social environment must be shaped with the help of our government departments at all levels. On the other hand, a necessary mental guidance must be popularized among young people. In sum, great efforts must be made to reverse the current craze. Only in these ways can we build up a harmonious society.(298 words) 范文二：需进一步提高的文章It goes without saying that the pictures reflect a worldwide phenomenon —idolizing celebrities among young people. In the left hand picture, a man has had David Beckham’s name written on his face. In the right hand picture, a man asks his barber to cut his hair the same as David Beckham, the popular British soccer star.It is not uncommon for young Chinese people to have super stars as their idols. Most of them are fans of certain basketball players, football players, singers, actors and actresses at home and abroad. These fans notonly watch the matches, TV serials and movies starring their heroes, but also pay large sums of money to gain access to live shows, concerts and so on. Moreover, they imitate their idols in almost every aspect of their lives, such as their hair styles, glass and clothes.There is nothing wrong for one to have his own role model. However, if people adore pop stars to the extent of losing self-control, they misunderstand the significance of popular culture. Anyway, popular culture is to enrich our life. Young people should learn how to live their own lives instead of blindly following in others’ footsteps.(197 words)Part Ⅲ应用文写作第一章透析最新真题（2005年——2006年）把握应用文写作的出题规律和技巧2005年考研英语真题应用文写作及范文Directions:Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs& Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use ―Li Ming‖ instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)范文一：高分范文A Letter of ResignationJan. 22nd, 2005 Dear Mr Wang,I, the undersigned, am writing to inform you of my decision to resign from my current position.The foremost reasons for my resignation can be briefed as follows. To begin with, after two-month work, I have found that what I have learned in university can not meet the requirement of being an editor. What’s more, as a girl of poor health, I do feel that it is not easy for me to get used to the night shift and extra work. Most importantly, it is hard for me to cope with the office politics in our company.I feel terribly sorry for the inconvenience I have caused. I sincerely hope that you could approve of my resignation.With best wishes!Sincerely Yours,Li Ming范文二：需进一步提高的文章Dear Mr. Wang,I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved that I find intolerable.First of all, the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised, and I have a large family to support. In addition, the office is located in the downtown area, yet I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day. Most importantly, I feel rather disappointed and left out on the job itself as in the past two months I was never given any really important responsibility.I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.Yours sincerely,LiMing2006年考研英语真题英用文写作及范文Directions:You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; u se ―Li Ming‖ instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)范文一：高分范文A Letter of ApplicationJan. 14, 2006 Dear Sir / Madam,I, the undersigned, am a senior in the Computer Science Department of Peking University. I intend to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child so that I am writing to you for help.Would you be kind enough to help find a candidate for me? I would like to offer help to a child in a remote area, to be exact, in a poverty-stricken mountain village in the West of China. Besides, I prefer a female candidate because women education can influence the quality of our whole population and the prospect of our nation.I intend to cover all of the expenses for the candidate’s education in elementary school. I will donate the fund to Project Hope every year.I am looking forward to your reply.Sincerely Yours,LiMing范文二：需进一步提高的文章To Whom It May Concern,I am writing to ask you whether you could help me find a child in a remote area to whom I can offer my financial aid.The candidate should be a girl age 10 to 12 who is deprived of the opportunity to continue her education because of poverty. Her previous score reports should prove she has the potential to be an outstanding student in the future.I would like to give the girl my financial support annually until she graduates from college. The money will cover her tuition fee and other expenses at school. Besides, I will correspond with her frequently so that she can ask for advice whenever she needs.I am looking forward to your reply.Sincerely,Li Ming。

06年考研英语真题及答案

06年考研英语真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)The homeless make up a growing percentage ofAmerica#39;s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can#39;t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs,4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homelessis8, one of the federal government#39;s studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has bee increasingly difficult.11when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day13 the street, Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others,14not addicted or mentallyill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills need to turn their lives 16.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are17programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Blotkowsk, director of munity service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,19it. “There has to be 20of programs. Whatwe need is a package deal.”1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up17.[A]plex [B]prehensive [C]plementary [D]pensating18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation[D]coordination。

06年考研英语模拟试题4(十)

06年考研英语模拟试题4（十）Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to you on behalf of the library of Beijing University. We have heard that your publishing house has recently issued a series of new books. Therefore, we are writing to you in order to get some detailed information about them.We would particularly like to know if there are some new English language books which have been published. We would like to know detailed information about the books, such as the titles, prices and brief introductions to them. Please send us a catalogue and we would also appreciate it if you could inform us of any discounts you can offer for bulk purchases.We look forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully,Li MingPart B52.On the Relationship between Environment andEconomyThe two pictures above are both about the relationship between the environment and the economic development. In the first picture, GDP is on the rise while the environment is drastically polluted. In the second picture, economic efficiency progresses with environmental protection. It's easy to get the conclusion that development according to the second picture is more reasonable than that in the first one.In the early development of socialism, our country didn't pay much attention to the issue of environmental protection and savored the bitterness. Now, the government has taken many measures and is implementing the strategy of "sustainable development". One aspect of the strategy is to develop the economy and take measures to protect the environment at the same time. In this way, we can develop our country in a sustainable manner and our offspring can have enough resources to develop society. If we don't put much emphasis on the environment issue and excavate the natural resources blindly, our country will become a barren land sooner or later.In a word, sustainable development is a reasonable strategy which should be implemented for a long time. Thenature is providing us with plentiful resources generously, but it may punish us severely if we don't care her.【。

2006年考研英语阅读理解

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二是考查段落内部的一致性。段落的一致性是指某段落的所有句子都围绕着一个中心主题。每个段落都会有一个主题句，所有的扩展句都是为主题句服务的，或陈述原因，或罗列事实、情节和步骤，主题句与扩展句在意义上始终保持一致。按段落结构的一般规律来说，其结构都是主题句，扩展句和结论句。段落的一致性指的是某段落的所有句子都围绕一个中心主题。它是整个段落的指导思想，所有扩展句都是为主题句服务的，主题句与扩展句在意义上始终保持一致。主题句往往出现在段落的首句中，但有时也会出现在段落中间或结尾处。
对比关系
as opposed to; as opposed to this; but on the other hand; by way of; contrary to; conversely; unlike; different from this; however; in contrast; nevertheless; on the contrary; opposed to; something is just the other way around; whereas; while
因果关系
...and so...; another important factor/reason of...; as a consequence; as a result; as a result of this; as; because of this; because; being that; consequently; due to; for the reason that...; for this reason; for; hence; in consequence; in that...; in view of; owing to; since; so;...so that...; the reason seems to be obvious: there are about...; therefore; thus
并列关系
also; and; as well as; both...and... ; either..., or...; neither... nor...; not only... but also; too
递进关系
强调关系
believe it or not; by definition; especially; in fact; in particular; in reality; indeed; it is certain/sure that...; moreover; not to mention...; other thing being equal; particularly; to be strict; to be true; what is more important
accordingly; along this line of consideration; as a popular saying goes...; as far as... is concerned; at the same time; besides; even; further; furthermore; in addition; in order to do it...; in other words; in the first place..., in the second place...; in this way; meanwhile; moreover; not only..., but also...; not...but...; on the one hand..., on the other hand...; still
三、解题思路指引
1语段选搭题所选文章一般没有标题，而文章的首段甚至是首句往往是了解文章的窗口，通过首段（或第一、二句）判断出文章的大意，在答题时考生应牢记每一个空格处的句子都是为主题服务的，从而保证不偏离主旨。
2仔细阅读文章选项空缺处附近的语句，锁定目标答案可能具有的特征（重点关注出现频率较高的信息线索词）。
比较关系
apart from (doing)...; by the same token; compared with; in comparison with; in the same vein; like...; likewise;... rather than...; by doing so; similarly; similarly important; when compared with; when in fact...
考生需要认真搞清楚主干内容和结构上的关系和布局，从而分辨出选项部分从结构和内容上看是属于文章的哪个部分，并可以与空白处的上下文有机地衔接起来。一般情况下不可能有特别明显的词汇、句子等语言方面的提示，也并不要求考生过分关注某一具体的细节；而是要着眼于全文，在理解全文内容、文章结构、逻辑关系（如时间、地点、因果关系、从属关系等）的基础之上方能做出正确选择。
转折关系
and yet; but; unless; despite that; even so; even though; however; in spite of that; independent of; reckless of; regardless of; though; yet...
一是考查对文章整体结构的把握。语段选搭题的特点是组织结构逻辑性强，段落内部句子之间联系紧密，整篇文章围绕一个中心展开，句子较长且结构复杂，强调对通篇文章的透彻理解，不同选项之间也有较强的关联性，某一项选配错误可能会导致二项三项甚至全盘皆输。它一般要求考生能够把握所读的文章的总体结构，能够理清文章一般的结构，看懂段落之间的起承转合关系。因此要求考生具备从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构及主线内容并具备运用语法知识分析长难句的能力。
举例关系
a case in point is...; a good example (of...) would be... ; according to; as an illustration, I will say...; as for; as he explains; as regards; as to; as you know; consider...; for example; for instance; for one thing..., for another...; in particular; including...; it is interesting to note that...; like; namely; notably; put it simply; stated roughly; such as; take as example (something); to detail this, I would like to...; you may ask/say
条件关系
as long as; even if; even though; if it is the case in this sense; if necessary; if not all; if possible; if so; if; lest; once...; provided that; unless
三是考查段落内部的连贯性。段落的连贯性是指段落内部的论点和各论据之间的逻辑联系，段落内部句与句之间的衔接必须条理清楚、合乎逻辑。指的是段落中各句子之间的结构、句子之间的衔接必须条理清楚、合乎逻辑。转折、过渡应自然、流畅。篇章句子的连贯性一般是通过重复使用某些关键词、词组，或使用对等结构、代词呼应（尤其需要大家清楚it, this, these, that, those; he, she; here, there等词具体指代的是什么）、人称和数的一致或使用表示转折意义的词或词组等这样一些技巧来实现的。
特别提示：注意文章中句子和句子之间、段落和段落之间的逻辑关系和起承转合的标志词语和线索提示语（见下表）。
表示逻辑关系以及起承转合的标志词语和线索提示语分类归纳一览表
时空关系
afterwards; as soon as; at last; before; but not the least; eventually; every; finally seeing...; first; first of all; for a start; meanwhile; next; not... until; on the left/right; previously; prior to; second; since then; since; subsequently; till; time; to begin with; to end with; to start with; when
二、基础知识必备
语段选搭题题型本身的特点决定了阅读文章的体裁以论说文和说明文为主。不同的问题有不同的叙述和展开方式，如按时间顺序、逻辑顺序展开；或按不同的论证角度，如事例论证、因果分析、对比比较等展开；或按不同的说明方式，如定义法、引述法、列举法等展开。展开方式决定了文章的行文结构和层次，因此，准确地把握展开方式的特点，有助于将选项放到原文最恰如其分的位置，以保持全文的组织严密、结构完整。例如文章运用例证法展开时，通常在提出观点后，会引用严谨的数据或事件作为佐证，而引用的部分往往被抽出作为选择项。考生必须在读懂选项内容后，回顾原文，寻找到需要支持的上下文，在空白处迅速定位，而对其他细节或结论性的章节空白处，可以不加考虑，这样有助于提高做题的效率。因此在考试准备期间，考生应重点训练对文章总体篇章结构的掌握，做到阅读时心中有数，对上下文段落的逻辑组织关系有一个清晰的认识。
第一章阅读理解B节题型：技巧与纲解读
语段选搭题考一篇500~600词的文章，该节共5题，每题两分，共10分。该部分的测试重点在于把握文章结构，主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的整体和微观结构。