01_2018考研英语新题型
考研_2018考研英语的题型及分值
2018考研英语的题型及分值考研英语一题型及分值1、弄清考查目的新题型其实是阅读的一种补充：传统的阅读理解(由于它的分值较高，我们姑且称之为大阅读)是泛读，翻译是精读，新题型则是快速阅读。
快速阅读__的特点往往是篇幅长、生词多，但由于考题本身相对简单，答题速度就要求很快，如果用做大阅读和翻译题的方法对付这种题型，势必陷入生词难句打击信心、手忙脚乱不知从何下手的窘境。
好在大纲已经告诉我们新题型主要考查"考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及__结构的理解"，这就暗示我们要用适合新题型的解题方法，巧妙躲避掉众多"拦路虎"，从而大大提高解题的正确率。
2、避免常见错误第一个错误是完全按照顺序作题由于新题型是将__结构补充完整，而且答案还是差额选择，做错一道题很容易造成"一错再错、步步都错"的严重后果，从三年的题目设置来看，第一道题或第一个选项不是很难读懂，就是陷阱太多，"全军覆没"往往就是因为第一道除了差错，后面很难拨乱反正。
第二个错误是试图看懂所有词句看懂所有词句有三个问题：一是有些超纲词和习惯表达法真的很难看懂，二是考场上不可能有那么多时间，三是新题型并不要求我们这样做，所以试图看懂所有词句是错误的做题方法。
第三个错误是盲目相信词汇复现错误选项或干扰选项往往都会用词汇复现这种手段欺骗我们，但是我们不要忘了词汇复现既能帮助我们找到答案，也能带我们掉入陷阱，关键是要对相关的句子做出正确的判断。
第四个错误是轻易尝试连蒙带猜和所有题型一样，新题型里面包含送分题，实在做题困难也不能瞎蒙，要冷静地想办法做对一两道题，连蒙带猜很可能回导致全盘皆输。
3、掌握解题技巧根据以上分析，我们在此提供一种简单可行的新题型解题办法--四招突围法，具体的做法是：浏览选项，抓关键词浏览选项是指看选项的第一句话，抓关键词则是找出句子里面的主题词(主要是名词和动词)和信号词(比如人名、地名、连接词、数字等)，通过这些词我们往往能反推出__里应该有的内容，如果能找到这样的内容，答案就会十分清楚，所以我建议把选项里的主题词和信号词找到并划记出来，接着再进行下一步。
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案解析2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(20 points)Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition__1__manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheother hand,puttingyour__2__,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh__3__. __4__,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.__5__people placetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsrelease oxytocin,ahormonethat__6__peasurablefeelingsandtriggersthe herdinginstructthatpromptshumansto__7__withoneanother. Scientistshavefoundthatexposure__8__thishormoneputsusina trusting__9__:InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothe nosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantly higheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir__10__who inhaledsomethingelse.__11__forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay__12__us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscan differentiate__13__acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlers wereeach__14__toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetester wouldask,"What'sinhere?"beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling, andexclaiming,"Wow!"Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook__15__. Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf__16__thecontainerwas empty—andrealizedthetesterhad__17__them. Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere__18__ tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthat theytrustedhisleadership.__19__,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpaired withthe"__20__"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.A.onB.likeC.forD.from2.A.faithB.concernC.attentionD.interest3.A.benefitB.debtC.hopeD.price4.A.ThereforeB.ThenC.InsteadD.Again5.A.UntilB.UnlessC.AlthoughD.When6.A.selectsB.producesC.appliesD.maintainspare8.A.atB.byC.ofD.to9.A.contextB.moodC.periodD.circle10.A.counterpartsB.substitutesC.colleaguesD.supporters11.A.FunnyB.LuckyC.OddD.Ironic12.A.monitorB.protectC.surpriseD.delight13.A.betweenB.withinC.towardD.over14.A.transferredB.addedC.introducedD.entrusted15.A.outB.backC.aroundD.inside16.A.discoveredB.provedC.insistedD.remembered17.A.betrayedB.wrongedC.fooledD.mocked18.A.forcedB.willingC.hesitantD.entitled19.A.IncontrastB.AsaresultC.OnthewholeD.Forinstance20.A.inflexibleB.incapableC.unreliableD.unsuitableSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow eachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1 Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethat willprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:What happenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareat highriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy, withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobs likegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations—trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—have arousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywill befine.Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnological upheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolution didn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanized looms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobs thanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboost productivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkers fromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkers mayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinThe SecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining. Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege—shouldevolvetofocus lessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplex communication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffostering problem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots. Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextra trainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenew skillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt. ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange, entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombine laborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualreality haven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwill inventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetween capitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetobe rethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidies suchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:Thiswould boostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,and reduceinequality. Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenext fewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesand careersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomi ngforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbe indispensable.21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?A.Leadingpoliticians.B.Low-wagelaborers.C.Robotowners.D.Middle-classworkers.22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?A.Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.B.Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.C.Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled.D.Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided.cationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasis on________.A.creativepotentialB.job-huntingskillsC.individualneedsD.cooperativespirit24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat________.A.encouragingthedevelopmentofautomationB.increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestmentC.easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoorD.preventingtheincomegapfromwidening25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith________.A.opposingviewsonitB.possiblesolutionstoitC.itsalarmingimpactsD.itsmajorvariationsText2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsof youngAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.The implicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobe filteredthroughothersource,notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform. MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetas distrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheir medialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016 presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitter usersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,according totheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNews found44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthe mediagiant. Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmore skillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnight Foundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24 foundtheyuse"distributedtrust"toverifystories.Theycross-check sourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythose thatareopenaboutanybias."Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealof personalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingo utopposingviewpoints,"thesurveyconcluded. Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityof Wisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedia ledtogreaterpoliticalengagement. Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimately andimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasa projectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemore consciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarna researchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefake newsphenomenonis"readererror,"moresothanmade-upstoriesor factualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenews liesin"misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews"viasocialmedia .Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheart oftheissue."Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityin counteractingthisproblem,"saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarna Group.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,they revealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills—andintheirchoiceson whentoshareonsocialmedia.26.AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscast doubtson________.A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpracticeB.people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatformsC.theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformationD.socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews27.Thephrase"beerup"(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto________.A.sharpenB.defineC.boastD.share28.Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople________.A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspaceB.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresourcesC.haveastrongsenseofresponsibilityD.liketoexchangeviewson"distributedtrust"29.TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblem is________.A.readersoutdatedvaluesB.journalists'biasedreportingC.readers'misinterpretationD.journalists'made-upstories30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnlineB.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrendC.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMediaD.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterestsText3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartby acknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleading artificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthis workappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurther concentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.Itisagainstthatbackground thattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedher damningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS, whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsin 2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccount ofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy. DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendedits ways.Furtherarrangements—andtheremaybemany—betweentheN HS andDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessary permissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahas beencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn .Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemost important.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust, sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely “processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessing andaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalu e. Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedata thatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamage toanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthe waythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualthere gainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountless millionsmore. Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeels slightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.Itis notenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefit patientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivate monopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftware promisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybe expectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginning ofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegigantic consequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureof digitalfeudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.31.WhatistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?A.Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.B.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.C.Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations.D.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.32.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith______.A.emptypromisesB.toughresistanceC.necessaryadjustmentsD.sincereapologies33.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that________.A.privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcostsB.leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingitC.makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegalD.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdeal is________.A.theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmasB.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylawC.theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftwareD.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants35.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis______.A.ambiguousB.cautiousC.appreciativeD.contemptuousText4TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreported anetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearits expenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120 billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirement costs.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisina historicsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanently decreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,and a regulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustits operationstothenewreality Andinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakers exertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS'sultimate overseer—Congress—insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePost alService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisis whyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvital modernization. Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved—Democrats,Republicans,th ePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinally agreedonaplantofixthesystem.Legislationismovingthroughthe HousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears, whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures. Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrate increaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstep wouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretiree healthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSand itsunion.IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughthe Senate—wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare, bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,not comprehensivereform.There'snochangetocollectivebargainingatthe USPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80 percentoftheagency'scosts.Alsomissingisanydiscussionof eliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoy swidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse. Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsare gettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapsea ttheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey'regettingseriousabout transformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.36.ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby________.A.itsunbalancedbudgetB.itsrigidmanagementC.thecostfortechnicalupgradingD.thewithdrawalofbanksupport37.AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto________.A.theinterferencefrominterestgroupsB.theinadequatefundingfromCongressC.theshrinkingdemandforpostalserviceD.theincompetenceofpostalunions38.Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbe addressedby________.A.removingitsburdenofretireehealthcareB.makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehiclesC.adoptinganewrate-increasemechanismD.attractingmorefirst-classmailusers39.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith______.A.respectB.toleranceC.discontentD.gratitude40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDaysB.ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheeseC.TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCureD.ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-AidPartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoa coherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothe numberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.(10 points)[A]InDecemberof1869,Congressappointedacommissiontoselect asiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartment Building.Thecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsf ortheWarandNavyDepartments.Tothehorrorofsomewhoexpecteda GreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheother sideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyle designbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingto houseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.[B]Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthe firsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin 1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwit hcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavy Departmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewalland ceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeofthe Secretary.[C]TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown, housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimately associatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyin thelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthe twentiethcentury—theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasan internationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smost significantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmany historicevents.[D]ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls. TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD. Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bush allhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused 16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24Secretariesof State.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapanese emissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthe bombingofPearlHarbor.[E]TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsa uniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritage oftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury, AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowing staffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneof thebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.[F]Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingby wing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildingin Washington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors. Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwood wasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircase sofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecapped byfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.[G]ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswere laid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820 .Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)and overcrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasury Building.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasury BuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding. PartCDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatethe underlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewritten neatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Shakespeare'slifetimewascoincidentwithaperiodofextraordinary activityandachievementinthedrama.(46)Bythedateofhisbirth Europewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthe creationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyand comedy.Thesenewformswereatfirstmainlywrittenbyscholarsand performedbyamateurs,butinEngland,aseverywhereelseinwestern Europe,thegrowthofaclassofprofessionalactorswasthreateningto makethedramapopular,whetheritshouldbeneworold,classicalor medieval,literaryorfarcical.Court,school,organizationsofamateurs, andthetravelingactorswereallrivalsinsupplyingawidespreaddesire fordramaticentertainment;and(47)noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhich gaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland. WhenShakespearewastwelveyearsoldthefirstpublicplayhouse wasbuiltinLondon.Foratimeliteratureshowednointerestinthis publicstage.Playsaimingatliterarydistinctionwerewrittenforschools orcourt,orforthechoirboysofSt.Paul'sandtheroyalchapel,who, however,gaveplaysinpublicaswellasatcourt.(48)Butthe professionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,and universitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheaters asofferingameansoflivelihood.BythetimethatShakespearewas twenty-five,Lyly,Peele,andGreecehadmadecomediesthatwereat oncepopularandliterary;Kydhadwrittenatragedythatcrowdedthepit; andMarlowehadbroughtpoetryandgeniustotriumphonthecommon stage—wheretheyhadplayednopartsincethedeathofEuripides.(49)A nativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublic playhouseestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeen begun. ThedevelopmentoftheElizabethandramaforthenexttwenty-five yearsisofexceptionalinteresttostudentsofliteraryhistory,forinthis briefperiod,wemaytracethebeginning,growth,blossoming,anddecay ofmanykindsofplays,andofmanygreatcareers.Weareamazedtoday atthemerenumberofplaysproduced,aswellasbythenumberofdramatistswritingatthesametimeforthisLondonoftwohundred thousandinhabitants.(50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity, wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthat probablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived. SectionⅢWritingPartA51.Directions: Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsoncampus,invitingthemto attendthegraduationceremony.Inyouremail,youshouldincludethe time,placeandotherrelevantinformationabouttheceremony. Youshouldwriteabout100wordsneatlyontheANSWERSHEET. e"LiMing"instead. (10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyour essay,youshould1)Describethepicturebriefly,2)Interpretthemeaning,and3)GiveyouranswerneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）答案及解析参考答案：1-5：CADBD6-10：BCDBA11-15：BBACD16-20：ACBAC21-25：DCADB26-30：DABCA31-35：BCDDB36-40：BAACD41-45：EGABD46.参考译文：在他出生之前，欧洲正在经历宗教戏剧的衰退，古典悲剧和喜剧催生了新的戏剧形式。
2018考研英语阅读理解新题型命题特点及解题思路
2018考研英语阅读理解新题型命题特点及解题思路2018考研英语阅读理解新题型命题特点及解题思路英语阅读理解，又有了新题型在考研英语考试试卷上，大家有什么解题思路么?下面是店铺给大家整理的2018考研英语阅读理解新题型命题特点及解题思路，供大家参阅!2018考研英语阅读理解新题型命题特点及解题思路第一，新题型主要是考察考生对考点空格前后句子关联的把握。
因此要很好地把握文章里单句之间的关系，因为这种关系很重要，以方便考察两种题。
一是七选五，二是段落排序。
第二，新题型主要是从全局角度考察大家对文章逻辑的把握，要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析和理解长难句的能力。
和阅读的Part A部分不一样，新题型可以多做点模拟题目，因为这种题目模拟题与真题的偏差相对会比较小。
第三，要提升考生概括和提炼段落大意的能力。
一段文章，总体上讲的是什么?怎么样用简单、简洁的语言把这一段文章的总体意思概括起来，这是段落标题类。
在一个段落里面，我们如何把握总体上讲了什么东西，这是我们考生平常阅读里欠缺的一个能力。
建议大家多多练习提炼段落大意的能力，可以尝试每次看完一个段落就用简短汉语或者英文把段落主旨写在段落旁边。
此外，要想新题型拿高分，建议考生在复习过程中还要注意做到以下几个做题基本技巧：1、浏览选项。
浏览选项说的直白些，就是找选项的第一句话，抓关键句中的主题词。
这些主题词的词性多以名词、动词为特点。
尤其要注意其中的专属名词和标志词。
如人名、地名、连接词、数字等。
通过这些词我们往往能反推出文章里应该有的内容，如果能找到这样的内容，答案就会十分清楚。
因此我们建议大家在浏览选项时，将主题词和信号词找出并划记下来，然后再向下做题。
2、重点排查。
有些题目，在看第一遍时，就可以凭知识、阅历选出答案。
然后在接下来的题目当中，我们就可以按顺序做题了。
2018年英语一新题型
2018年英语一新题型（原创版）目录1.2018 年英语一新题型的概述2.新题型的具体内容3.新题型对考生的影响4.如何应对新题型正文2018 年英语一新题型的概述2018 年，英语一考试题型发生了一些变化，新增了一些新题型，给考生带来了一定的挑战。
在这篇文章中，我们将详细地介绍这些新题型，并分析它们对考生的影响以及如何应对这些新题型。
新题型的具体内容首先，让我们来看一下 2018 年英语一新题型的具体内容。
根据教育部门的介绍，2018 年英语一考试中新增了以下几种题型：1.翻译题：要求考生将中文句子翻译成英文。
2.完形填空题：要求考生根据短文内容及语境，从所给选项中选择最佳答案填入文中的空白处。
3.语法填空题：要求考生根据短文内容及语境，从所给选项中选择最佳答案填入文中的空白处，使短文在语法和意义上都完整。
新题型对考生的影响新题型的增加无疑给考生带来了一定的压力。
面对新题型，考生需要调整自己的备考策略，提高自己的应试能力。
以下是新题型对考生的一些影响：1.对考生的语言能力提出了更高的要求。
新题型要求考生具备较强的翻译能力、语境理解和应用能力，以及扎实的语法基础。
2.增加了考生的备考难度。
考生需要熟悉新题型的解题技巧，并在有限的时间内提高自己的应试水平。
3.对考生的心理素质提出了更高的要求。
面对新题型，考生需要保持冷静，调整心态，避免因题型变化而产生恐慌情绪。
如何应对新题型面对新题型，考生需要采取一定的策略来应对。
以下是一些建议：1.调整备考策略。
考生需要了解新题型的特点和解题技巧，并针对性地进行训练，提高自己的应试能力。
2.注重语言能力的培养。
考生需要加强自己在翻译、语境理解和语法等方面的训练，提高自己的综合语言水平。
3.保持积极的心态。
面对新题型，考生需要保持积极的心态，相信自己能够应对挑战，取得好成绩。
2018年英语一新题型真题解析：难度居中
2018年英语一新题型真题解析：难度居中店铺考研网为大家提供2018年英语一新题型真题解析：难度居中，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2018年英语一新题型真题解析：难度居中今年答案为DCBGFEA，今年如预期一样考查内容为排序题，考查难度居中，和去年比没什么太大跳幅。
总体而言，这可能是新题型排序题目中相对较简单的一次了。
总体而言英语一今年的试题难度并没有大幅度上调，只是大家作文完型阅读之后，可能感觉不是特别好，所以，新题型部分可能预期不是特别大。
但是新题型和去年的考查方向是相同的，均为排序题，但是题目较曾经的题目要简单很多。
主要从以下几个方面可以进行总结：第一、题目考查方式上。
自从2010年有专硕的出现带来了英语二的题目。
那么英语一和英语二就开始分家，出现了不同的新题型部分。
自从2005年起，考纲首次增加了阅读理解新题型。
2006年，大纲又在2005年的基础上将新题型调整为三种备选题型，每次考试从三种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
这三种备选题型分别为：(1)完形填句：本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500-600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6-7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6-7段文字中选择5段分别放进文章的5个空白处。
(2)排序题：在一篇长度为500-600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落重新排序，其中有1-3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
(3)小标题选择题或观点例证题：在一篇长度为500词的文章前或后有6-7段文字(概括句)或小标题。
这些文字或标题是文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。
要求考生根据文章内容，从这6-7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。
具体每个年份的考查方式如下：2010年排序题、2011年排序题、2012年完型填句或填段题、2013年完型填句或填段题、2014年排序题、2015年完型填句或填段题、2016年小标题选择题、2017年排序题、2018年的排序题。
英语一新题型(秋季)2018
2018考研英语一、二新题型及完型深度解析
2018考研英语一、二新题型及完型深度解析各位参加2015年考研考试的亲爱学子大家好，这次考试英语顺利的落下了帷幕，大家特别关心今年新题型和完形填空，我用一点时间讲讲新题型和完形填空的情况。
{C}一、{C}新题型考察简单{C}1、{C}英语一：段落句子填空题首先完形填空新题型纯粹是波澜不惊，他基本上保持了考研英语命题稳健的基本优点。
今年在考试过程中，我们说不管是英语一还是英语二的题型，基本上让广大的考生考出自己的水平。
另外，今年的题型比较简单。
比如说在2014年初考试的时候，英语一的新题型考到了培训，而这次新题型考的是常见的段落句子填空题。
这篇文章出题风格和往年不一样，往年往往是五个独立段落，或者是在某一段的最后一段出一道题，比如说42题、43题，都是在我们的段尾出题，但是41、44、45都是段落中间出的题，这一点在降低难度，而不是在提高难度。
这篇文章注意一下来自于马丁所著的一本书《阅读的方法》讲的是高级阅读技巧，这本书的第一单元就是这个。
以下是英语一新题型参考答案：41题正确答案选的是C。
非常简单，只要找到这篇文章只要对一下就全出来了。
这里我们说最主要的是这句话，对于这句话我们41题选择的是C，在这里这个词它也可以对应后面的句子。
42题是E。
你可以做进一步的推理，关于这个课文的重要。
我们之所以选择E，因为E 空前的两句都重复了“推理”这样的字眼。
还有E段的最后也提出了读者的推测。
所以选择E。
43题是G。
这个考点和去年的考点差不多。
44题是B。
B选项的意思是因素。
45题是A。
A具体描述了许多不同的阅读路径和方式，这是对45空前后的细化。
2、英语二：小标题题对于英语二的新题型这次考的小标题题，这一点老师们和同学民都预测到了，而今天考的小标题题又是简单的。
这里说一下英语二的新题型。
今年考的是要小标题题，这篇文章选自外国网站上的文章。
他讲的是能够帮助你渡过困难时刻的一些古老的秘诀，能够帮助你渡过人生比较困难的时刻。
01-2018考研英语新题型
连贯性 – 把握了衔接原则 一致性 – 把握了就近原则
推荐的解题步骤
先阅读原文文章的首段； 阅读后面的备选选项； 再阅读原文的信息，进行解题； 最后，通读全文； 解题方法的基本设计思路 -----“由点入面、以点串面”
破解新题型的技巧：
选项按照空缺在段落中具体位置区分为3种类型： 空在段首、空在段中（独立段）、空在段尾
英语的学习是一项人生意义的计划，在14年的阅读和今年的翻译 里都提到，即使是美国人和英国人都提倡积极学习外国语，更何 况我们发展中国家的学生呢?有远见者不应该把英语学习当做一种 负担，而应该理性地把它当做一种任务。当然境界变态高的则会 把它当做一种乐趣。
新题型已经考过13年，其实已经不再新了，但备考的题型是不断 变换的，七选五、排序和小标题这三种备考题型中我们主要关注 的是七选五和排序，小标题太简单考查的频率又比较低，因此， 2018级准备考研的考生也应该主要关注七选五和排序题。
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2014年考题是一篇说明文，介绍了考古学家的勘察方法。本 文选自2003年的一篇文章，标题是 “The International History Project, Archeology”(《考古学》)。原文很长，命 题人员节选了其中八段，并对其进行了组合和删减。
考研大纲要求阅读文章的字数在500到600词之间，这篇短文 共586词，第二段和第四段已经给出，因此考生需先选出文 章的第一段，其次根据各段的逻辑衔接词排出正确的顺序。
阅读 新题型
选择搭配题 （7选5填空 题）
排序题（5 选5）
信息搭配/根据 内容选标题 （6 选5论点找论据）
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七选五题型解析
概述
2018考研英语一真题及参考答案
2018考研英语一真题及参考答案本文由凯程陆老师整理Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand,it's a necessary condition1 many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.On the other hand,putting your 2,in the wrong place often carries a high3.4,why do we trust at all?Well,because it feels good.5people place their trust in an individual or an institution,their brains release oxytocin,a hormone that6pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to7with one another.Scientists have found that exposure8this hormone puts us in a trusting9:In a Swiss study,researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects;those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their10who inhaled something else.11for us,we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may12 us.A Canadian study found that children as young as14months can differentiate13a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were each14to an adult tester holding a plastic container.The tester would ask,“What’s in here?”before looking into the container,smiling,and exclaiming,“Wow!”Each subject was then invited to look15.Half of them found a toy;the other half16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had17them.Among the children who had not been tricked,the majority were18to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19,only five of the30children paired with the“20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1.[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from2.[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest3.[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price4.[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again5.[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When6.[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains7.[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare8.[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to9.[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle10.[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters11.[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic12.[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight13.[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over14.[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted15.[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside16.[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D].remembered17.[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked18.[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled19.[A]In contrast[B]As a result[C]On the whole[D]For instance20.[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points) Text1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign:What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely.About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of being automated,according to a University of Oxford study,with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots.But many middle-class occupations-trucking,financial advice, software engineering—have aroused their interest,or soon will.The rich own the robots,so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past.The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms,but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.Likewise,automation should eventually boost productivity,stimulate demand by driving down prices,and free workers from hard,boring work.But in the medium term,middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age,should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculums—from grammar school to college-should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.It could make extra training and instruction affordable.Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.to revive its fading business dynamism:Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change,entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines.The best uses of3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet.The U.S.needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally,because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income,taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought.Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut,and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded:This would boost incomes,encourage work,reward companies for job creation,and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A]Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22.Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A]Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists'opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A]creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A]encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text,the author presents a problem with[A]opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter.The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines.Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills.Such a trend is badly needed.During the2016presidential campaign,nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state ofMichigan was fake news,according to the University of Oxford.And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found44percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace.A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages14and24found they use“distributed trust”to verify stories.They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias.“Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,”the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect.A2014survey conducted in Australia,Britain,and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests.This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information.A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is“reader error,”more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting.About a third say the problem of fake news lies in“misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news”via social media.In other words,the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue.“This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,”says Roxanne Stone,editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president,they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills–and in their choices on when to share on social media.26.According to the Paragraphs1and2,many young Americans cast doubts on[A]the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B]people’s preference for social media platforms.[C]the administrations ability to handle information.[D]social media was a reliable source of news.27.The phrase“beer up”(Line2,Para.2)is closest in meaning to[A]sharpen[B]define[C]boast[D]share28.According to the knight foundation survey,young people[A]tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B]verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C]have s strong sense of responsibility.[D]like to exchange views on“distributed trust”29.The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A]readers outdated values.[B]journalists’biased reporting[C]readers’misinterpretation[D]journalists’made-up stories.30.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B]A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C]The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D]The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service(NHS)and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well.DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence(AI)companies in the world.The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great,but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants.It Is against that background that the information commissioner,Elizabeth Denham,has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS,which handed over to DeepMind the records of1.6million patients In2015on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients'rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized.The NHS trust has mended its ways.Further arrangements-and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned.There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn.But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important.Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust,since under existing law it“controlled”the data and DeepMind merely “processed"it.But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation,not the mere possession of bits,that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate.Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them.That misses the way the surveillance economy works.The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted.This practice does not address the real worry.It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives.What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources.If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done.We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later.A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism.Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind?[A]It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B]It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C]It fell short of the latter's expectations[D]It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32.The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A]empty promises.[B]tough resistance.[C]necessary adjustments.[D]sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph2that[A]privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B]leaking patients'data is worse than selling it.[C]making profits from patients'data is illegal.[D]the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph,the real worry arising from this deal is[A]the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B]the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C]the uncontrolled use of new software.[D]the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A]ambiguous.[B]cautious.[C]appreciative.[D]contemptuous.Text4The U.S.Postal Service(USPS)continues to bleed red ink.It reported a net loss of$5.6billion for fiscal2016,the10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue.Meanwhile,it has more than$120billion in unfunded liabilities,mostly for employee health and retirement costs.There are many bankruptcies.Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product,first-class mail,and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service,aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected.This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years,leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats,Republicans,the Postal Service,the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system.Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated$28.6billion over five years,which could help pay for new vehicles,among other survival measures.Most of the money would come from apenny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare.The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annuallypre-funding retiree health care,thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House,this measure would still have to get through the Senate–where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare,bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat,not comprehensive reform.There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS,a major omission considering that personnel accounts for80percent of the agency’s costs.Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery.That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS$2billion per year.But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it,at least in the House.The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS.It is not,however,a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A].its unbalanced budget.[B].its rigid management.[C].the cost for technical upgrading.[D].the withdrawal of bank support.37.According to Paragraph2,the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A].the interference from interest groups.[B].the inadequate funding from Congress.[C].the shrinking demand for postal service.[D].the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A].removing its burden of retiree health care.[B].making more investment in new vehicles.[C].adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D].attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph,the author seems to view legislators with[A]respect.[B]tolerance.[C]discontent.[D]gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A].The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B].The Postal Service:Keep Away from My Cheese[C].The USPS:Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D].The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For Questions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.In December of1869,Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building.The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments.To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House,the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected,and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of1871.pleted in1875,the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied,with its elegant four-story library(completed in1876),Diplomatic Reception Room,and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood,Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns.The Navy Department moved into the east wing in1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C.The State,War,and Navy Building,as it was originally known,housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power.The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D.Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls.Theodore and Franklin D.Roosevelt,William Howard Taft,Dwight D.Eisenhower,Lyndon B.Johnson,Gerald Ford,and George H.W.Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president.It has housed16Secretaries of the Navy,21Secretaries of War,and24 Secretaries of State.Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E.The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States.Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury,Alfred B.Mullett,it was built from1871to1888to house the growing staffs of the State,War,and Navy Departments,and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F.Construction took17years as the building slowly rose wing by wing.When the EEOB was finished,it was the largest office building in Washington,with nearly2 miles of black and white tiled corridors.Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster;the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety.Eight monumentalcurving staircases of granite with over4,000individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G.The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.The first executive offices were constructed between1799and1820.A series of fires (including those set by the British in1814)and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building.In1866,the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama.By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama,and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs,but in England,as everywhere else in western Europe,the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular,whether it should be new or old,classical or medieval,literary or farcical.Court,school organizations of amateurs,and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment;and(47)no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old,the first public playhouse was built in London.For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage.Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court,or for the choir boys of St.Paul’s and the royal chapel,who,however,gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters,and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood.By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five,Lyly,Peele,and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary;Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit;and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage-where they had played no part since the death of Euripides.(49)A native literary drama had been created,its alliance with the public playhouses established,and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history,for in this brief period we may trace the beginning,growth,blossoming,and decay of many kinds of plays,and of many great careers.We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced,as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of twohundred thousand inhabitants.(50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost,and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony.In your email you should include time,place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about100words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.(10 points)Part B52.Directions：Write an essay of160-200words based on the picture below.In your essay,you should凯程2018年考研英语1参考答案注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对1.选C，fora condition for表对象，意思是“是…的条件”2.选A，faithfaith此处同义替换trust3.选D,pricecarry a high price表示可能会付出很大的代价，线索为wrong place4．选B，then承上启下句，“那么，为什么要去信任他人呢？”5.选D，when并无转折，是简单的时间状语从句6.选B，produces与后面的trigger同意替换，产生愉悦的感觉7.选C，connect人之间的关系、联系用connect,8.选D，toto表方向，暴露在这种荷尔蒙（作用）下9.选B,moodin a mood固定搭配，心情心境10.选A，counterparts物主代词＋counterpart固定的搭配，表示相对应的人或物11.选B，Lucky从a six sense for dishonesty逻辑知道，11空为褒义词，12空也是褒义词12.选B，protect同11，且与主题，信任相关13.选A,betweendifferentiate between在两者间区分，用between14.选C，introduced从后文tester would ask知道tester是人，实验人员，所以选“介绍”15.选D,inside同意替换上文look into the container16.选A,discovered同意替换found17.选C，fooled语义上来看，既然作出惊喜表情，盒子里面却空无一物，显然是“欺骗，wrong错怪，mock取笑，betray背叛都不合文义。
2018考研英语（一）真题答案及解析（精选五篇）
2018考研英语（一）真题答案及解析（精选五篇）第一篇：2018考研英语(一)真题答案及解析2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解本套真题答案由海文机构提供目前仅供参考，标准答案在官方公布后会为您更新Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。
B选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于)，C选项like(像...)，D选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。
2、【答案】[C] faith【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。
第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。
后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。
On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[C] faith。
3、【答案】[B] price【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。
2018考研英语一新题型真题及答案解析
Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk”brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz”in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on1 / 3with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.”His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.2 / 3[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. →42. →43. →44. →B →45.【答案】41.F 42.E 43.A 44.C 45.G【解析】这篇文章讲解了狄更斯的人生历程，第一段固定，总述了狄更斯的历史地位，之后从他的出生描述到他家庭的变故，从他父亲出狱描述到他职业生涯的起步，从他的短剧描述到他的小说，最后以他最成名的作品雾都孤儿收尾。
2018年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版)
2018年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版)——跨考教育英语教研室Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _____(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _____(3)._____(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. _____(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____(7) with oneanother. Swiss Scientists have found that exposure _____(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _____(9): In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _____(10) who inhaled something else._____(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _____(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____(13) a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _____(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What's in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look _____ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _____ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _____(17) them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _____ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _____ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the "_____(20)"tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. A．on B．like C．for D．from2. A．faith B．concern C．attention D．interest3. A．benefit B．debt C．hope D．price4. A．Therefore B．Then C．Instead D．Again5. A．Until B．Unless C．Although D．When6. A．selects B．produces C．applies D．maintains7. A．consult B．compete C．connect D．compare8. A．at B．by C．of D．to9. A．context B．mood C．period D．circle10. A．counterparts B．substitutes C．colleagues D．supporters11. A．Funny B．Lucky C．Odd D．Ironic12. A．monitor B．protect C．surprise D．delight13. A．between B．within C．toward D．over14. A．transferred B．added C．introduced D．entrusted15. A．out B．back C．around D．inside16. A．discovered B．proved C．insisted D．remembered17. A．betrayed B．wronged C．fooled D．mocked18. A．forced B．willing C．hesitant D．entitled19. A．In contrast B．As a result C．On the whole D．For instance20. A．inflexible B．incapable C．unreliable D．unsuitable1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的many worthwhile things一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。
2018年考研英语真题答案及解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English全文翻译：你的大脑与信任：为什么我们天生信任别人信任是一件棘手的事，一方面，（1）对很多重要的事情来说，这是一个必要条件：托儿、友情等，另一方面，把你的（2）信任放在错误的地方通常伴有高昂的（3）代价。
（4）那么，我们究竟为什么要相信别人呢？嗯，因为这样感觉很好。
（5）当人们相信一个人或一个机构时，他们的大脑会释放催产素，这是一种会（6）制造愉悦情感和激发群体集本能的激素，这种本能促使人们彼此（7）联系。
科学家发现，接触（8）到这种激素让我们处于信任的（9）情绪中：在一项瑞士的研究中，研究人员将催产素喷洒进半数受试者的鼻子里；这些人准备借给陌生人的钱的数额比吸入了其他物品的（10）对应受试者高得多。
对我们来说（11）幸运的是，我们还有识别不诚实的第六感，这可以（12）保护我们。
一项加拿大的研究发现，仅14个月大的孩子就能够将可靠的人和不诚实的人区分开来。
60个刚学步的小孩每人都被（14）介绍给一个拿着塑料容器的成人测试人员。
测试人员在看向容器里之前会问：“这里面有什么呢？”然后笑着惊叹：“哇哦！”然后邀请每一个受试者看向容器（15）里面。
一半的小孩发现有玩具；另一半（16）发现容器里是空的——然后意识到测试人员（17）欺骗了他们.在没有被戏弄的孩子中，大部分都（18）愿意同测试人员合作学习一项新技能，说明他们相信他的领导地位，（19）相比之下，同（20）“不可靠的”测试人员被配对的30个孩子中，只有5个参与了后续活动。
1、【答案】[C]for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
it’s a necessary condition____many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。
C选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;D选项from(来自于)，B选项like(像...)，A选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。
2018英语一新题型
2018英语一新题型2018年英语一的试卷结构相比以往有了一些变化，其中最为显著的是新题型的引入。
以下是关于2018年英语一新题型的详细解读。
一、题型变革在2018年的英语一中，阅读理解部分发生了较大的变化。
原来的五篇阅读理解被保留下来，但是原先的15题选择题被取消，取而代之的是一篇500字的文章，其中含有五个句子，每个句子后有一个空格，需要考生从给出的四个选项中选择最合适的答案。
这种题型被称为“小标题对应”，主要考查考生对于文章结构和内容的理解能力。
二、题型分析小标题对应题型的文章通常包含五个段落，每个段落都有一个概括性的小标题。
这些小标题是对段落内容的概括和提炼，因此考生可以通过匹配小标题和段落内容来确定正确答案。
这种题型对于考生的阅读理解能力和信息筛选能力都有较高的要求。
三、解题技巧1.快速浏览全文，把握文章大意。
在开始做题之前，先快速浏览一遍文章，了解文章的主题和结构，有助于考生更好地理解文章内容。
2.仔细阅读题目，理解题目要求。
题目中会给出五个句子，每个句子后都有一个空格，考生需要从四个选项中选择最合适的答案。
考生要仔细阅读题目要求，明确题目所考查的内容。
3.结合上下文，寻找关键信息。
每个段落的小标题都是对段落内容的概括和提炼，考生可以通过匹配小标题和段落内容来确定正确答案。
同时，考生还需要注意上下文之间的联系和逻辑关系。
4.注意细节，避免粗心错误。
在解题过程中，考生需要注意细节问题，避免因为粗心而犯错。
例如，考生要仔细核对选项中的答案是否与文章内容相符，避免因为相似或意思相近而选择错误的答案。
四、备考建议1.加强阅读训练。
小标题对应题型对于考生的阅读理解能力和信息筛选能力都有较高的要求，因此考生在备考过程中要加强阅读训练，提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力。
2.多做模拟题。
考生可以通过模拟题的练习来熟悉小标题对应题型的解题技巧和思路，提高自己的解题能力。
3.注意词汇积累。
在解题过程中，考生需要理解文章中的词汇和短语，因此考生需要注意词汇的积累和运用。
2018考研英语一真题完整版
2018考研英语一真题完整版考研，对于众多学子来说，是一场充满挑战与机遇的征程。
而英语作为考研中的重要科目，其真题的研究对于备考有着至关重要的作用。
接下来，让我们一同深入剖析 2018 年考研英语一的真题。
首先是完形填空部分。
这一部分主要考查考生对词汇、语法以及上下文逻辑关系的理解和运用能力。
2018 年的完形填空，主题围绕着社会现象展开，文章的词汇难度适中，但需要考生仔细辨析近义词和固定搭配。
例如，一些选项中的动词短语，看似相似，但在具体语境中的含义和用法却大相径庭。
阅读理解板块一如既往地占据了较大的分值。
这部分的文章题材广泛，涵盖了科技、文化、经济等多个领域。
其中，有一篇关于人工智能发展对就业影响的文章，引发了对于未来职业发展的思考。
还有一篇关于文化传承与创新的论述，探讨了传统文化在现代社会中的角色和发展方向。
这些文章不仅考查了考生的英语语言能力，更考验了其对不同领域知识的了解和分析能力。
在阅读理解的题目设置上，既有对细节的考查，要求考生准确理解文章中的具体信息；也有对主旨大意的把握，需要考生从整体上理解文章的核心观点。
同时，还有推理判断题，需要考生根据文中提供的线索进行合理的推断和猜测。
新题型部分，2018 年考查的是排序题。
这对考生的逻辑思维和篇章结构理解能力提出了较高要求。
考生需要通过分析段落之间的衔接和过渡，准确判断出文章的正确顺序。
翻译题则是对考生语言转换能力的直接检验。
2018 年的翻译句子结构较为复杂，包含了一些长难句和专业术语。
考生不仅要准确理解原文的意思，还要用通顺、流畅的汉语表达出来。
写作部分，小作文通常是应用性的文体，如书信、通知等。
2018 年的小作文要求写一封道歉信，考查了考生在实际情境中的语言运用能力和交际技巧。
大作文则多为看图写作，要求考生根据所给图片提炼主题，并进行深入的论述和分析。
总的来说，2018 年考研英语一真题难度适中，既考查了基础知识，又注重对综合能力的检验。
2018年英语一新题型
2018年英语一新题型
（实用版）
目录
1.2018 年英语一新题型的概述
2.新题型的具体内容
3.新题型对考生的影响和应对策略
正文
2018 年英语一新题型的概述
2018 年，英语一考试题型进行了一定程度的调整，新题型的引入旨在更好地测试考生的英语应用能力。
新题型主要包括了听力、阅读和写作三个部分，每个部分都有所创新，以期提高考试的科学性和客观性。
新题型的具体内容
1.听力部分：新增了短文听力，要求考生在听懂短文的基础上，完成相关问题。
这要求考生在提高听力水平的同时，加强词汇和语法的学习。
2.阅读部分：阅读部分增加了阅读理解题型的多样性，包括事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。
这要求考生在提高阅读速度的同时，具备较强的逻辑思维能力。
3.写作部分：写作部分新增了短文改错题型，要求考生在规定时间内，对一篇短文中的错误进行修改。
这要求考生具备较高的语言表达能力和语言敏感度。
新题型对考生的影响和应对策略
新题型的引入对考生提出了更高的要求，要求考生在提高英语基本技能的同时，加强语言应用能力的培养。
为了更好地应对新题型，考生可以采取以下策略：
1.加强基本功：提高词汇量，加强语法学习，为听力、阅读和写作打下坚实的基础。
2.提高解题技巧：熟悉各种题型的解题技巧，通过模拟题和真题的练习，提高解题速度和准确率。
3.注重实践：多进行听说读写的实践，提高语言应用能力，特别是短文改错题型，需要考生多进行写作练习，提高语言敏感度。
2018英语一排序题
考研英语(一)新题型真题解析排序题(2018年)[A] In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estinates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.[B] Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.[C]The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the hree Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.[D] Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D.Roosevelt. William Howard Taft. Dwight D. Eisenhower. Lvndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming President. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.[E]The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasurv, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.[F] Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters arecapped b four skylight dornes and two stained glass rotundas.[G] The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.参考译文艾森豪威尔行政办公楼(简称EEOB)在美国的国家历史和建筑遗产方面都占有独特的位置。
2018考研英语新题型有哪些
2018考研英语新题型有哪些店铺考研网为大家提供2018考研英语新题型有哪些，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2018考研英语新题型有哪些新题型又称段落大意题，新题型的解答需要理解文章的段落大意。
考研英语新题型是一种以快速阅读为完成条件的阅读类题型补充。
考研英语大纲中已经规定新题型主要考查"考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解"。
包括七选五选句填空题和排序题两种题型。
对新题型而言，大纲规定如下：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本节有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型种选择一种进行考查。
1)本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2)在一篇长度为500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。
3)在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。
要求考生根据文章内容，从这6~7个选项中选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的空白处。
英语一新题型备选题型：(1) 完形填句/段题本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
(2) 段落排序题在一篇长度为500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱。
要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落(7~8个)重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已经给出。
(3) 观点例证题或标题选择题在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6~7段文字或6~7个概括句或小标题。
这些文字或标题分别是对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。
2018英语二新题型
短语长难句have a conversation with a newmoment willdriver,new people atP10P11P12P13P14P15A.B.C.D.E.1E. Find the “me too ” s. 2When you meet a person for 第一次the first time , make 努力作出an effort to find the things which you and that person have in 共有的common so 以便that you can build the conversation from that point. 3When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you ’ll find all “a l a t o n c e ”的变体, 突然of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.1B. Be present. 2Imagine 设想you are pouring 倾吐, 诉说your heart out to someone and they are 忙于just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response 回答“Ican multitask ”.1So when someone tries to communicate 交谈with you, just be in that communication 交流wholeheartedly. 2Make eye 眼神交流contact . 3Trust me, eye contact 交流is where all the magic魔力happens. 4When you make eye contact, 接触you can feel the conversation. 1D. Name, places, things 2You all came 交谈into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten theirnames. 3Isn ’t that awkward! 令人尴尬的4So remember the little details 细节of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate — whatever you talk about.1When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. 2So they feel a responsibility 责任to you to keep (使)维持下去that relationship 关系, 联系going .1That ’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. 2Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with! Just say itBe presentPay a unique complimentName, places, thingsFind the “me too ” sF.G.Skip 跳跃…the small talk Ask for an opinion。
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在阅读理解Part B中增加了两种备选题型，
这在一定程度上反映了教育部对硕士研究生
考试的重视，同时也反映了教育部竭尽全力
在设计一套既合理又能够与国际英语语言考
试接轨的考试。说新增备选题型更为合理是
因为它在很大程度上摒弃了传统的应试技巧，
真正读懂文章才能够取得高分；说新增备选
题型更具有国际性是因为它的设计原则在一
考查的是第二种排序题。不同的题型考查的重点不同，因
此有不同的解题思路和技巧，需要考生全面把握，尤其是 对于完形填句(段)题和排序题，是对语言能力和阅读理解
能力的综合测试，因此在要求上远远高于小标题选择题和
观点例证题，考生有必要对这类题型的答题思路多练习，
以的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯 性提高自己在这个部分的应试能力。
《 2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试大纲》所 做的主要修订是在阅读理解B节上增加了两个备选 题型 阅读理解B节（5题）；主要考查考生对诸如连贯 性、一致性等语段手段以及文章结构的理解。本部 分有三种备选题型。每次考试从这3种题型中选择 一种进行考察。考生在答题卡1上作答。 备选题型有： 1. 本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500—600词的文 章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6—7段文字。要求 考生根据文章内容从这6—7段文字中选择能分别放 在文章中5个空白处的5段。
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2.在一篇长度约500—600词的文章中，各段 落的原有顺序已被打乱。要求考生根据文 章内容和结构将所列段落（7-8个）重新排 序，其中2-3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
3.在一篇长度约500词的文章前或后有6-7个 概括句或小标题。这些文字或标题分别是
对文章中某一部分的概括、阐述或举例。 要求考生根据文章内容，从这6-7个选项中 选出最恰当的5段文字或5个标题填入文章的 空白处。
2017年英语一的新题型文章摘自https://中“英国历史”专栏下一篇名为“Charles Dickens: Biography(1860-1870)”(《查尔斯.狄更斯：自传 (1860年-1870年)》)的文章。文章主要描述了英国著名文学家 狄更斯童年的生活经历和早期的创作经历：从他童年时的遭 遇对他写作生涯的影响，到工作的一步步进展，直至最终写 出旷世巨作，成为享誉国内外的著名小说家。文章全面而细 致地展现了狄更斯的独特人生。全文共分七段，其中已经给 出了第一、六段的位置，要求按照段落之间的逻辑衔接关系 填入其他五个段落，没有多余的干扰项。
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2014年考题是一篇说明文，介绍了考古学家的勘察方法。本 文选自2003年的一篇文章，标题是 “The International History Project, Archeology”(《考古学》)。原文很长，命 题人员节选了其中八段，并对其进行了组合和删减。
考研大纲要求阅读文章的字数在500到600词之间，这篇短文 共586词，第二段和第四段已经给出，因此考生需先选出文 章的第一段，其次根据各段的逻辑衔接词排出正确的顺序。
2016年新题型的文章选自杂志Extrepreneur（ 《创业者》 ）
中的Business Attire 《职场着装》中的一篇文章，文章的题 目是：“Here is How You Should Upgrade Your Professional Image”(你应该如何提升自己的职业形象)。这篇文章就如 何提升职业形象给出了一些建议。
定程度上借鉴了雅思以及GRE等国外考试的
模式。备选题型在一定程度上增加了考生的
负担。Biblioteka Logo 该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上、
一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运 用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。05、06年考查的是难 度相对较大的第一种完形填句(段)题，而07年、16年则选 择了难度相对较低的第三种——选择小标题。08、09、12、 13 、15年继续选择的是完形填句(段)题。10、11、14、17年
考察了排序题。从内容上，这篇文章讲解了狄更斯的人生历 程，第一段固定，总述了狄更斯的历史地位，之后从他的出 生描述到他家庭的变故，从他父亲出狱描述到他职业生涯的 起步，从他的短剧描述到他的小说，最后以他最成名的作品 雾都孤儿收尾。
2015年考研新题型文章源自Martin Montgomery等人所著的 ways of Reading一书，该章节题目是：“Advanced Reading Skills for Students of English Literature”(学习英国文学的高 级阅读技巧)。
本年新题型沿袭了2012、2013年7选5的出题方式，即从7个句 子中选择5个句子，填入原文空白处。此类题目难度较大， 一空填错会影响其他空的选择。
段落排序题着重考察考生对文章内部结构和逻辑关系的把握 程度。考生应注意文章的结构布局和段落之间的逻辑关系， 如转折关系、指代关系、递进关系、因果关系、例证关系、 定义关系等。本文是说明文，这类文章的行文中常出现下列 规律：举例说明、分析过程、比较和对比、分类以及因果分 析等，考生应该把握这类文体的基本特征，以提高解题效率。
本篇短文通俗易懂，而题目的设置有点出乎意料：其并没有 考查往年考频较高的七选五或排序题，而是以英语二通常考 查的小标题形式设题。另外，各选项的含义也较为清晰，并 没有含义相同或相近的选项。因此整体试题难度与往年相比， 略有降低。
解答这类题的关键是：首先通读各个选项，从选项中推断出 相关段落的大致内容。其次，细读所考段落，抓住每个段落 的主题句和核心词汇。最后，将从段落中提炼的主题句和选 项对比，选出答案。通常会借助原词复现、同义复现以及段 落结构来解题。