LSAT阅读真题汇总(一)

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LSAT逻辑题考查内容及题型(一)

LSAT逻辑题考查内容及题型(一)LSAT逻辑题考查内容及题型(一)LSAT逻辑题考查内容及题型(一)逻辑推理题主要考查以下推理能力：1）进行论证的能力2）评价论述的能力3）形成或评价行动方案的能力按照美国ets命题人员的说法，逻辑推理题主要考查考生在以下三个方面能否进行有效推理的能力。

一、论点构建（argumentconstruction）这一方面产问题主要让你去识别或找到：（一）论述的基本结构（thebasicstructureofanargument）（二）正确得到的结论（properlydrawnconclusion）（三）基于的假设（underlyingassumption）（四）被强有力支持的解释性假说（well-supportedexplanatoryhypotheses）（五）结构上相似的论点的平行结构（parallelsbetweenstructurallysimilararguments）二、论点评价（argumentevaluation）这一方面的问题主要让你在分析既定的论点基础之上去识别：（一）加强或削弱既定论点的因素（factorsthatwouldstrengthen,orweaken,thegivenargume nt）（二）在进行论述时所犯的推理错误（reasoningerrorscommittedinmakingthatargument）（三）进行论述所使用的方法（themethodbywhichtheargumentproceeds）三、形成并且评价行动方案（formulatingandevaluatingaplanofaction）这方面的问题主要让你去识别：（一）不同行动方案的相对合适性、有效性或效率（therelativeappropriateness,effectiveness,orefficiencyofdifferentplansofaction）（二）加强或削弱拟议行动方案成功可能的因素（factorsthatwouldstrengthen,orweaken,theprospectsofsuccessforaproposedplanofaction）（三）拟议行动计划所基于的假设（assumptionsunderlyingaproposedplanofaction）根据逻辑推理题的考查内容，我们认为熟悉逻辑推理的主要题型对你大有裨益，下面是我们在考试中将遇到的十一类逻辑推理题。

【雅思】北京朗阁雅思2013年5月18日雅思阅读考题回顾

英文原文阅读
The scientific literature on the dangers of driving while sending a text message from a mobile phone, ortexting while driving, is limited. A simulation study at theMonash UniversityAccident Research Centre has provided strong evidence that both retrieving and, in particular, sending text messages has a detrimental effect on a number of critical driving tasks. Specifically, negative effects were seen in detecting and responding correctly to road signs, detecting hazards, time spent with eyes off the road, and (only for sending text messages) lateral position. Surprisingly, mean speed, speed variability, lateral position when receiving text messages, and following distance showed no difference. A separate, yet unreleased simulation study at theUniversity of Utahfound asixfoldincrease in distraction-related accidents when texting.

GMATGRELSAT所有阅读全真题与答案

使用说明 (1)GMAT阅读117篇 (1)一、GMAT新题63篇 (1)Passage 1 (1/63) (1)Passage 2 (2/63) (4)Passage 3 (3/63) (6)Passage 4 (4/63) (9)Passage 5 (5/63) (11)Passage 6 (6/63) (14)Passage 7 (7/63) (17)Passage 8 (8/63) (20)Passage 9 (9/63) (23)Passage 10 (10/63) (26)Passage 11 (11/63) (29)Passage 12 (12/63) (32)Passage 13 (13/63) (35)Passage 14 (14/63) (38)Passage 15 (15/63) (41)Passage 16 (16/63) (44)Passage 17 (17/63) (47)Passage 18 (18/63) (50)Passage 19 (19/63) (53)Passage 20 (20/63) (56)Passage 21 (21/63) (59)Passage 22 (22/63) (62)Passage 23 (23/63) (65)Passage 24 (24/63) (68)Passage 25 (25/63) (70)Passage 26 (26/63) (73)Passage 27 (27/63) (76)Passage 28 (28/63) (78)Passage 29 (29/63) (81)Passage 30 (30/63) (84)Passage 31 (31/63) (87)Passage 32 (32/63) (90)Passage 33 (33/63) (92)Passage 34 (34/63) (95)Passage 35 (35/63) (97)Passage 36 (36/63) (100)Passage 37 (37/63) (103)Passage 38 (38/63) (105)Passage 39 (39/63) (107)Passage 40 (40/63) (109)Passage 41 (41/63) (112)Passage 43 (43/63) (117)Passage 44 (44/63) (120)Passage 45 (45/63) (122)Passage 46 (46/63) (125)Passage 47 (47/63) (127)Passage 48 (48/63) (129)Passage 49 (49/63) (131)Passage 50 (50/63) (134)Passage 51 (51/63) (137)Passage 52 (52/63) (140)Passage 53 (53/63) (142)Passage 54 (54/63) (144)Passage 55 (55/63) (146)Passage 56 (56/63) (149)Passage 57 (57/63) (151)Passage 58 (58/63) (153)Passage 59 (59/63) (155)Passage 60 (60/63) (157)Passage 61 (61/63) (159)Passage 62 (62/63) (161)Passage 63 (63/63) (163)二、GMAT补充22篇 (165)Passage 64 (1/22) (165)Passage 65 (2/22) (168)Passage 66 (3/22) (171)Passage 67 (4/22) (173)Passage 68 (5/22) (176)Passage 69 (6/22) (179)Passage 70 (7/22) (182)Passage 71 (8/22) (185)Passage 72 (9/22) (187)Passage 73 (10/22) (190)Passage 74 (11/22) (193)Passage 75 (12/22) (196)Passage 76 (13/22) (199)Passage 77 (14/22) (202)Passage 78 (15/22) (205)Passage 79 (16/22) (208)Passage 80 (17/22) (211)Passage 81 (18/22) (213)Passage 82 (19/22) (216)Passage 83 (20/22) (219)Passage 84 (21/22) (222)三、GMAT考古题15篇 (227)Passage 86 (1/15) (227)Passage 87 (2/15) (231)Passage 88 (3/15) (234)Passage 89 (4/15) (237)Passage 90 (5/15) (240)Passage 91 (6/15) (244)Passage 92 (7/15) (246)Passage 93 (8/15) (250)Passage 94 (9/15) (253)Passage 95 (10/15) (256)Passage 96 (11/15) (259)Passage 97 (12/15) (262)Passage 98 (13/15) (264)Passage 99 (14/15) (267)Passage 100 (15/15) (269)四、OG新增17篇 (272)Passage 101 (1/17) (272)Passage 102 (2/17) (274)Passage 103 (3/17) (277)Passage 104 (4/17) (279)Passage 105 (5/17) (282)Passage 106 (6/17) (283)Passage 107 (7/17) (285)Passage 108 (8/17) (287)Passage 109 (9/17) (290)Passage 110 (10/17) (292)Passage 111 (11/17) (293)Passage 112 (12/17) (295)Passage 113 (13/17) (297)Passage 114 (14/17) (298)Passage 115 (15/17) (300)Passage 116 (16/17) (301)Passage 117 (17/17) (304)GRE阅读(No. 2—No. 9) (306)No. 2-1 (306)SECTION A (306)SECTION B (309)No. 2-2 (313)SECTION A (313)SECTION B (317)No. 2-3 (321)SECTION A (321)No. 3-1 (328)SECTION A (328)SECTION B (332)No. 3-2 (336)SECTION A (336)SECTION B (340)No. 3-3 (344)SECTION A (344)SECTION B (347)No. 4-1 (351)SECTION A (351)SECTION B (355)No. 4-2 (359)SECTION A (359)SECTION B (363)No. 4-3 (367)SECTION A (367)SECTION B (371)No. 5-1 (375)SECTION A (375)SECTION B (379)No. 5-2 (382)SECTION A (382)SECTION B (386)No. 5-3 (390)SECTION A (390)SECTION B (394)No. 6-1 (398)SECTION A (398)SECTION B (401)No. 6-2 (405)SECTION A (406)SECTION B (410)No. 6-3 (414)SECTION A (414)SECTION B (417)No. 7-1 (421)SECTION A (421)SECTION B (425)No. 7-2 (429)SECTION A (429)SECTION B (433)No. 7-3 (437)SECTION B (441)No. 8-1 (446)SECTION A (446)SECTION B (450)No. 8-2 (454)SECTION A (454)SECTION B (458)No. 8-3 (462)SECTION A (462)SECTION B (466)No. 9-1 (469)SECTION A (469)SECTION B (473)No. 9-2 (478)SECTION A (478)SECTION B (481)No. 9-3 (485)SECTION A (485)SECTION B (489)No. 9-4 (493)SECTION A (493)SECTION B (497)No. 9-5 (501)SECTION A (501)SECTION B (504)No. 9-6 (508)SECTION A (509)SECTION B (512)GRE国题全部阅读 (516)1990年04月 (516)SECTION A (516)SECTION B (520)1990年10月 (524)SECTION A (524)SECTION B (529)1991年02月 (533)SECTION A (533)SECTION B (537)1991年04月 (541)SECTION A (541)SECTION B (545)1991年10月 (549)SECTION A (549)1992年02月 (557)SECTION A (557)SECTION B (561)1992年04月 (565)SECTION A (565)SECTION B (569)1992年10月 (573)SECTION A (573)SECTION B (577)1993年02月 (581)SECTION A (581)SECTION B (584)1993年04月 (588)SECTION A (588)SECTION B (592)1993年10月 (600)SECTION A (600)SECTION B (603)1994年02月 (608)SECTION A (608)SECTION B (611)1994年04月 (615)SECTION A (615)SECTION B (619)1994年10月 (623)SECTION A (623)SECTION B (627)1995年04月 (631)SECTION A (631)SECTION B (636)1995年10月 (640)SECTION A (640)SECTION B (644)1996年04月北美 (648)SECTION A (648)SECTION B (652)1996年04月 (656)SECTION A (656)SECTION B (660)1996年10月 (664)SECTION A (664)SECTION B (668)1997年04月 (672)SECTION B (676)1997年11月 (680)SECTION A (680)SECTION B (684)1998年04月 (688)SECTION A (688)SECTION B (692)1998年11月 (696)SECTION A (696)SECTION B (700)1999年04月 (704)SECTION A (704)SECTION B (708)LSAT第01套SECTION III (713)LSAT第02套SECTION I (723)LSAT第03套SECTION II (735)LSAT第04套SECTION IV (746)LSAT第05套SECTION III (758)LSAT第06套SECTION I (770)LSAT第07套SECTION III (782)LSAT第08套SECTION III (794)LSAT第09套SECTION III (805)LSAT第10套SECTION I (816)LSAT第11套SECTION III (827)LSAT第12套SECTION III (838)LSAT第13套SECTION III (850)LSAT第14套SECTION III (861)LSAT第15套SECTION III (872)LSAT第16套SECTION I (884)LSAT第17套SECTION I (895)LSAT第18套SECTION III (906)LSAT第19套SECTION IV (915)LSAT第20套SECTION IV (926)LSAT第21套SECTION I (938)LSAT第22套SECTION IV (949)LSAT第23套SECTION III (961)LSAT第24套SECTION II (972)LSAT第25套SECTION I (983)LSAT第26套SECTION IV (994)LSAT第27套SECTION I (1005)LSAT第28套SECTION IV (1017)LSAT 2002年SECTION III (1029)使用说明1、各题答案均隐藏在(D)选项后（放在这里主要是避免下一题答案也被显示从而影响做题），显示的方法是鼠标左键单击“常用”工具栏“显示/隐藏编辑标记”按钮（只有WORD 才有此按钮，写字板没有）。

TOEFL托福阅读理解真题

TOEFL托福阅读理解真题为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

托福阅读真题1It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that ever existed have become extinct. What causes extinction? When a species is no longer adapted to a changed environment, it may perish. The exact causes of a species death vary from situation to situation. Rapid ecological change may render an environment hostile to a species. For example, temperatures may change and a species may not be able to adapt. Food resources may be affected by environmental changes, which will then cause problems for a species requiring these resources. Other species may become better adapted to an environment, resulting in competition and, ultimately, in the death of a species.The fossil record reveals that extinction has occurred throughout the history of Earth. Recent analyses have also revealed that on some occasions many species became extinct at the same time — a mass extinction. One of the best-known examples of mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago with the demise of dinosaurs and many other forms of life. Perhaps the largest mass extinction was the one that occurred 225 million years ago, when approximately 95 percent of all species died,mass extinctions can be caused by a relatively rapid change in the environment and can be worsened by the close interrelationship of many species. If, for example, something were to happen to destroy much of the plankton in the oceans, then the oxygen content of Earth would drop, affection even organisms not living in the oceans. Such a change would probably lead to a mass extinction.One interesting, and controversial, finding is that extinctions during the past 250 million years have tended to be more intense every 26 million years. This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earths orbit with a cloud of comets, but this theory is purely speculative. Some researchers have also speculated that extinction may often be random. That is, certain species may be eliminated and others may survive for no particular reason. A species survival may have nothing to do with its ability or inability to adapt. If so, some of evolutionary history may reflect a sequence of essentially random events.1. The word it in line 3 refers to(A) environment(B) species(C) extinction(D) 99 percent2. The word ultimately in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) exceptionally(B) dramatically(C) eventually(D) unfortunately3. What does the author say in paragraph 1 regarding most species in Earths history(A) They have remained basically unchanged from their original forms.(B) They have been able to adapt to ecological changes.(C) They have caused rapid change in the environment.(D) They are no longer in existence.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as resulting from rapid ecologicalchange?(A) Temperature changes(B) Availability of food resources(C) Introduction of new species(D) Competition among species5. The word demise in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) change(B) recovery(C) help(D) death6. Why is plankton mentioned in line 17?(A) To demonstrate the interdependence of different species.(B) To emphasize the importance of food resources in preventing mass extinction.(C) To illustrate a comparison between organisms that live on the land and those that live in theocean.(D) To point out that certain species could never become extinct.7. According to paragraph 2, evidence from fossils suggests that(A) Extinction of species has occurred from time to time throughout Earths history.(B) Extinctions on Earth have generally been massive(C) There has been only one mass extinction in Earths history.(D) Dinosaurs became extinct much earlier than scientists originally believed.8. The word finding in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) published information(B) research method(C) ongoing experiment(D) scientific discovery9. Which of the following can be inferred about the theory mentioned in Line 21-23?(A) Many scientists could be expected to disagree with it.(B) Evidence to support the theory has recently been found.(C) The theory is no longer seriously considered.(D) Most scientists believe the theory to be accurate.10. In paragraph 3, the author makes which of the following statements about a species survival?(A) It reflects the interrelationship of many species.(B) It may depend on chance events.(C) It does not vary greatly from species to species(D) It is associated with astronomical conditions.11. According to the passage , it is believed that the largest extinction of a species occurred(A) 26 million years ago(B) 65 million years ago(C) 225 million years ago(D) 250 million years agoPASSAGE 77 BCDCD AADAB C托福阅读真题2Archaeological discoveries have led some scholars to believe that the first Mesopotamian inventors of writing may have been a people the later Babylonians called Subarians. According to tradition, they came from the north and moved into Uruk in the south. By about 3100 B.C.,they were apparently subjugated in southern Mesopotamia by the Sumerians, whose name became synonymous with the region immediately north of the Persian Gulf, in the fertile lower valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates. Here the Sumerians were already well established by the year 3000 B.C. They had invented bronze, an alloy that could be cast in molds, out of which they made tools and weapons. They lived in cities, and they had begun to acquire and use capital. Perhaps most important, the Sumerians adapted writing (probably from the Subarians) into a flexible tool of communication.Archaeologists have known about the Sumerians for over 150 years. Archaeologists working at Nineveh in northern Mesopotamia in the mid-nineteenth century found many inscribed clay tablets. Some they could decipher because the language was a Semitic one (Akkadian), on which scholars had already been working for a generation. But other tablets were inscribed in another language that was not Semitic and previously unknown. Because these inscriptions made reference to the king of Sumer and Akkad, a scholar suggested that the new language be called Sumerian.But it was not until the 1890s that archaeologists excavating in city-states well to the south of Nineveh found many thousands of tablets inscribed in Sumerian only. Because the Akkadians thought of Sumerian as a classical language (as ancient Greek and Latin are considered today),they taught it to educated persons and they inscribed vocabulary, translation exercises, and other study aids on tablets. Working from known Akkadian to previously unknown Sumerian, scholars since the 1890s have learned how to read the Sumerian language moderately well. Vast quantities of tablets in Sumerian have been unearthed during the intervening years from numerous sites.1. According to the passage , the inventors of written language in Mesopotamia were probablythe(A) Babylonians(B) Subarians(C) Akkadians(D) Sumerians2. The word subjugated in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) distinguished(B) segregated(C) concentrated(D) conquered3. The phrase synonymous with in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) equivalent to(B) important for(C) respected in(D) familiar with4. According to the passage , by the year 3000 B.C. the Sumerians had already done all of thefollowing EXCEPT:(A) They had abandoned the area north of the Persian Gulf.(B) They had established themselves in cities.(C) They had started to communicate through(D) They had created bronze tools and weapons.5. The word some in line 14 refers to(A) Archaeologists(B) Sumerians(C) years(D) clay tablets6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning the Sumerians?(A) They were descendants of the Persians.(B) They were the first people to cultivate the valley of the Tigris.(C) They were accomplished musicians.(D) They had the beginnings of an economy.7. According to the passage , when did archaeologists begin to be able to understand tabletsinscribed in Sumerian?(A) in the early nineteenth century(B) more than 150 years ago(C) after the 1890s(D) in the mid-eighteenth century8. According to the passage , in what way did the Sumerian language resemble ancient Greek andLatin?(A) It was invented in Mesopotamia.(B) It became well established around 3000 B.C.(C) It became a classical language.(D) It was used exclusively for business transactions.9. The word excavating in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) living(B) digging(C) assembling(D) building10. According to the passage , how did archaeologists learn to read the Sumerian language?(A) by translating the work of the Subarians(B) by using their knowledge of spoken Semitic languages(C) by comparing Sumerian to other classical languages(D) by using their knowledge of AkkadianPASSAGE 78 BDAAD DCCBD托福阅读真题3Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing.Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the suns position in the sky, and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees, whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of anounce, could have inferred the location of the new site.Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other four chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label quantities of items and do simple sums.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The role of instinct in animal behavior(B) Observations that suggest consciousness in animal behavior(C) The use of food in studies of animal behavior(D) Differences between the behavior of animals in their natural environments and in laboratoryexperiments.2. Which of the following is NOT discussed as an ability animals are thought to have?(A) Selecting among choices(B) Anticipating events to come(C) Remembering past experiences(D) Communicating emotions3. What is the purpose of the honeybee dance?(A) To determine the quantity of food at a site(B) To communicate the location of food(C) To increase the speed of travel to food sources(D) To identify the type of nectar that is available4. The word yet in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) however(B) since(C) generally(D) so far5. What did researchers discover in the study of honeybees discussed in paragraph 2?(A) Bees are able to travel at greater speeds than scientists thought.(B) The bees could travel 25% farther than scientists expected.(C) The bees were able to determine in advance where scientists would place their food.(D) Changing the location of food caused bees to decrease their dance activity.6. It can be inferred from the passage that brain size is assumed to(A) be an indicator of cognitive ability(B) vary among individuals within a species(C) be related to food consumption(D) correspond to levels of activity7. Why are otters and mussel shells included in the discussion in paragraph 3?(A) To provide an example of tool use among animals(B) To prove that certain species demonstrate greater ability in tool use than other species(C) To illustrate how otters are using objects as tools(D) To demonstrate why mother chimpanzees show their young how to use tools8. The word rudimentary in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) superior(B) original(C) basic(D) technical9. It can be inferred from the statement about mother chimpanzees and their young (lines 20-22)that young chimpanzees have difficulty(A) communicating with their mothers(B) adding quantities(C) making choices(D) opening hard nuts10. The phrase the one in line 24-25 refers to the(A) study(B) pair(C) chimpanzee(D) ability11. Scientists concluded from the experiment with chimpanzees and chocolate chips thatchimpanzees(A) lack abilities that other primates have(B) prefer to work in pairs or groups(C) exhibit behavior that indicates certain mathematical abilities(D) have difficulty selecting when given choicesPASSAGE 79 BDBDC AACDB C。

lsat infer题目

lsat infer题目LSAT（Logical Reasoning）推理题目是法学院入学考试（Law School Admission Test）中的一部分，主要考察考生的逻辑推理和批判性思维能力。

以下是几个LSAT推理题目的示例：1. A city has two hospitals: the General Hospital and the Children's Hospital. The General Hospital treats adults, while the Children's Hospital treats only children. Each hospital has a waiting room. One day, a family with three children enters the General Hospital's waiting room. Explain how this is possible.2. A police officer pulled over a speeding car and wrote a ticket for the driver. When the officer returned to his patrol car, he found that someone had set fire to it. Explain how this is possible.3. A restaurant owner claims that the best way to prepare a turkey is to roast it in the oven at 350 degrees Fahrenheit for two hours per pound. A customer challenges this claim, saying that a turkey should be cooked at 450 degrees Fahrenheit for one hour per pound. Who is correct? Explain why.4. A group of explorers enters a cave and finds a set of hieroglyphics on the wall. They cannot read them, so they take pictures and leave. Later, an Egyptologist examines the pictures and determines that the hieroglyphics say "Death to all who enter here." How did the Egyptologist know this? Explain why hieroglyphics were used by ancient Egyptians.这些题目都是基于现实生活中的场景或情境，要求考生通过逻辑推理和分析，找出合理的解释或推断出正确的结论。

雅思考试往届阅读试题华师大破解版_雅思_

雅思考试往届阅读试题华师大破解版section 1用微波来测定桥梁的damage段落很多。

主要说的是原来的桥梁损坏的检验只能人工检测。

现在一帮科学家发明了一种microwave探测仪来检验。

然后介绍了microwave探测仪具体的工作过程。

有一座大桥由于政府正好要拆除，便成了这台仪器的实验对象，科学家故意破坏了大桥的某些部位来测验仪器的有效性。

最后张望了这台机器的应用前景。

有单选题，图形题和标题对应单选题第一题问现在大桥的damage是________应该是b,固定地由人工检验第二题问microwave测量的是什么答案是有distance的那一个其他记不清了图形题较简单，对应的是文章的D段和E段。

答案是microwave dish, steel girder, flange和accelerator最后是标题对应ten years on应该对英最后一段Iapplying the knife好像是E段。

put the pressure on好像是D段how the microwave works好像是B段。

现成的试验品对应D段。

就是那个要拆的大桥Section 2厄尔尼诺现象与海鸟讲的是什么是厄尔尼诺现象，海鸟是科学家最好的研究海洋生态的实验工具，因为它的捕食能力很强。

又说今年的厄尔尼诺现象特别肆虐。

接着讲了海鸟作文实验工具的其他好处。

最后说有些人认为ALASKA的物种大量死亡是由于厄尔尼诺现象在作祟。

但是科学家Hatch认为现在下结论为时过早。

最后文章也没有明确的结论。

题目有单选题和T/F/NG单选题记不清了，但都很容易T/F/NG科学家通过海鸟的觅食可以看出当地的生物物种的健康状况。

选TRUE。

文章第一段好像最后一句话有对应。

海鸟通过发现猎物的特征来觅食。

NOT GIVEN。

文章没有寻找海洋生物可能给科学家造成困难。

选TRUE。

文章有相应的说法。

ALASKA动物和ALASKA以北的动物习性相似。

LSAT考试全真试题一SECTION1

LSAT考试全真试题一SECTION1SECTION 1Time-35 minutes23 QuestionsDirections: Each group of questions in this section is based on a set of conditions. In answering some of the questions, it may be useful to draw a rough diagram. Choose the response that most accurately and completely answers each question and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Questoins 1-6A man buys three outfits-X, Y, and Z-each of which consists of two articles of clothing.Each of the articles of clothing is either brown gray or navy.At least one of the outfits is made up of two articles different in color from one another.No more than two of the outfits contain the same combination of colors.Outfit X contains at least one navy article of clothing.Outfit X contains at least one brown article of clothing and does not contain a gray article.1. Which one of the following can be the colors of the man's outfits?(A) X: gray and navy; Y: brown and gray; Z: gray and gray(B) X: brown and gray; Y: brown and navy; Z: gray and gray(C) X: navy and navy; Y: brown and brown; Z: brown and navy(D) X: brown and navy; Y: brown and navy; Z: brown and navy(E) X: navy and navy; Y: brown and brown; Z: navy and navy2. If outfits X and Y each consist of one brown article and one navy article of clothing, what combinations for outfit Z?(A) 2(B) 3(C) 4(D) 5(E) 63. If outfit Z does not contain two brown items of clothing, what is the maximum number of items of clothing in the three outfits that can be navy?(A) 1(B) 2(C) 3(D) 4(E) 54. If outfit Y consists of two brown articles of clothing and outfit Z consists of two navy items, what is the total number of possible color combinations for outfit X?(A) 1(B) 2(C) 3(D) 4(E) 55. Which one of the following color combinations for outfit Z would be acceptable under any of the acceptable color combinations for outfits X and Y?(A) gray and gray(B) brown and gray(C) brown and brown(D) brown and navy(E) navy and navy6. If no two outfits contain the same color combination but each contains at least one navy item, which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of the possible combinations for outfit X?(A) gray and navy(B) brown and navy(C) navy and navy(D) gray and navy; brown and navy(E) gray and navy; navy and navyQuestion 7-11Five seats on a train are arranged in two rows that face each other. The seats in row 1 are seat 1 and seat 2. The seats in row 2 are seat 3, seat 4, and seat 5 in that order. Seat 1 is directly across from seat 3. Seat 2 is directly across from seat 4. Seat 5 is not directly across from any other seat. Three women-, Betty, and Carol-and two men-David Edmund-each must be seated in one of me five seats, one person to a seat.Betty sits in seat 4.Carol sits next to neither Betty nor David.Alice does not sit directly across from Carol.7. If Edmund sits directly across from Betty, which one of the following must be true?(A) Alice does not sit directly across from anyone.(B) Alice sits directly across from David.(C) Alice sits next to Edmund.(D) David sits next to Alice.(E) David sits next to Edmund.8. If Edmund does not sit directly across from anyone, which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of those (other than Edmund) who cannot sit in seat 1?(A) Betty(B) Carol(C) David(D) Betty and Carol(E) Betty and David9. If none of the five passengers sits directly across from a passenger of the same sex, how many seating arrangements of the five passengers are possible?(A) exactly 0(B) exactly 1(C) exactly 2(D) exactly 3(E) exactly 410. How many of the seats could be the one Alice selects as her seat?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) 3 only(D) 4 only(E) 5 only11. How many different seating arrangements of the passengers might there be for row 2?(A) 2(B) 3(C) 4(D) 5(E) 6来Question 7-11Five seats on a train are arranged in two rows that face each other. The seats in row 1 are seat 1 and seat 2. The seats in row 2 are seat 3, seat 4, and seat 5 in that order. Seat 1 is directly across from seat 3. Seat 2 is directly across from seat 4. Seat 5 is not directly across from any other seat. Three women-, Betty, and Carol-and two men-David Edmund-each must be seated in one of me five seats, one person to a seat.Betty sits in seat 4.Carol sits next to neither Betty nor David.Alice does not sit directly across from Carol.7. If Edmund sits directly across from Betty, which one of the following must be true?(A) Alice does not sit directly across from anyone.(B) Alice sits directly across from David.(C) Alice sits next to Edmund.(D) David sits next to Alice.(E) David sits next to Edmund.8. If Edmund does not sit directly across from anyone, which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of those (other than Edmund) who cannot sit in seat 1?(A) Betty(B) Carol(C) David(D) Betty and Carol(E) Betty and David9. If none of the five passengers sits directly across from a passenger of the same sex, how many seating arrangements of the five passengers are possible?(A) exactly 0(B) exactly 1(C) exactly 2(D) exactly 3(E) exactly 410. How many of the seats could be the one Alice selects as her seat?(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) 3 only(D) 4 only(E) 5 only11. How many different seating arrangements of the passengers might there be for row 2?(A) 2(B) 3(C) 4(D) 5(E) 6Questions 18-23Seven lights-J, K, L, M, N, O, and P-have only two possible settings: on or off. They are arranged on a particular electric circuit as follows.If K is on, L is off; if K is off, L is on.J and N cannot both be on.If M is off, either J or N is on; if either J or N is on, M is off.If P is on, L is on.If O is off, N is off; if O is on, N is on.Assume that the circuit is working as designed.18. Any of the following can be true EXCEPT:(A) J and O are both off.(B) K and N are both off.(C) K and P are both on.(D) L and M are both on.(E) N and O are both on.19. If L and O are on, which one of the following must be true?(A) J is and K is off.(B) J is off and N is on.(C) K is off and M is on.(D) K is off and P is on.(E) M is off and P is on.20. Which one of the following can be true?(A) Only J, K, and M are off.(B) Only J, L, and M are off.(C) Only K, M, and O are off.(D) Only L, N, and O are off.(E) Only M, N, and O are off.21. If P is on, what is the maximum number of lights that can be off?(A) 2(B) 3(C) 4(D) 5(E) 622. What is the minimum number of lights that must be on?(A) 0(B) 1(C) 2(D) 3(E) 423. If J is on, which one of the following could be a complete and accurate list of the remaining lights that are also on?(A) K, L, and M(B) L, N, and P(C) L, O, and P(D) M, N, and O(E) L and P答案：SEOTION 1: CDEBB EAEBD CDCED BACBA CCE。

LSAT历年真题-阅读

LSAT第01套SECTION IIITime 35 minutes 26 QuestionsDirections: Each passage in this section is followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. For some of the questions, more than oneof the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer, that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question, and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Immigrants’ adoption of English as their primary language is one measure of assimilation into the larger United States society. Generally languages define social groups and provide justification for social structures. Hence, a distinctive language sets a cultural group off from the dominant language group. Throughout United States history this pattern has resulted in one consistent, unhappy consequence, discrimination against members of the cultural minority. Language differences provide both a way to rationalize subordination and a ready means for achieving it.Traditionally, English has replaced the native language of immigrant groups by the second or third generation. Some characteristics of today’s Spanish-speaking population, however, suggest the possibility of a departure from this historical pattern. Many families retain ties in Latin America and move back and forth between their present and former communities. This “revolving door” phenomenon, along with the high probability of additional immigrants from the south, means that large Spanish-speaking communities are likely to exist in the United States for the indefinite future.This expectation underlies the call for national support for bilingual education in Spanish-speaking communities’ public schools. Bilingual education can serve different purposes, however. In the 1960s, such programs were established to facilitate the learning of English so as to avoid disadvantaging children in their other subjects because of their limited English. More recently, many advocates have viewed bilingual education as a means to maintain children’s native languages and cultures. The issue is important for people with different political agendas, from absorption at one pole to separatism at the other.To date, the evaluations of bilingual education’s impact on learning have been inconclusive. The issue of bilingual education has, nevertheless, served to unite the leadership of the nation’s Hispanic communities. Grounded in concerns about status that are directly traceable to the United States history of discrimination against Hispanics, the demand for maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools is an assertion of the worth of a people and their culture. If the United States is truly a multicultural nation—that is, if it is one culture reflecting the contributions of many—this demand should be seen as a demand not for separation but for inclusion.More direct efforts to force inclusion can be misguided. For example, movements to declare English the official language do not truly advance the cohesion of a multicultural nation. They alienate the twenty million people who do not speak English as their mother tongue. They are unnecessary since the public’s business is already conducted largely in English. Further, given the present state of understanding about the effects of bilingual education on learning, itwould be unwise to require the universal use of English. Finally, it is for parents and local communities to choose the path they will follow, including how much of their culture they want to maintain for their children.1. It can be inferred from the passage that one of the characteristics of immigrantgroups to the United States has traditionally been that, after immigration,relatively few members of the group(A) became politically active in their new communities(B) moved back and forth repeatedly between the United States and their formercommunities(C) used their native languages in their new communities(D) suffered discrimination in their new communities at the hands of the culturalmajority(E) sought assimilation into the dominant culture of the new communities theywere entering2. The passage suggests that one of the effects of the debate over bilingualeducation is that it has(A) given the Hispanic community a new-found pride in its culture(B) hampered the education of Spanish-speaking students(C) demonstrated the negative impact on imposing English as the official UnitedStates language(D) provided a common banner under which the Spanish-speaking communitiescould rally(E) polarized the opinions of local Spanish-speaking community leaders3. In lines 38-39, the phrase “different political agendas” refers specifically toconflicting opinions regarding the(A) means of legislating the assimilation of minorities into United States society(B) methods of inducing Hispanics to adopt English as their primary language(C) means of achieving nondiscriminatory education for Hispanics(D) official given responsibility for decisions regarding bilingual education(E) extent to which Hispanics should blend into the larger United States society4. In lines 64-65 the author says that “It would be unwise to require the universaluse of English.” One reason for this, according to the author, is that(A) it is not clear yet whether requiring the universal use of English wouldpromote or hinder the education of children whose English is limited(B) the nation’s Hispanic leaders have shown that bilingual education is mosteffective when it includes the maintenance of the Spanish language in theschools(C) requiring the universal use of English would reduce the cohesion of thenation’s Hispanic communities and leadership(D) the question of language in the schools should be answered by those whoevaluate bilingual education, not by people with specific political agendas(E) it has been shown that bilingual education is necessary to avoiddisadvantaging in their general learning children whose English is limited 5. In the last paragraph, the author of the passage is primarily concerned withdiscussing(A) reasons against enacting a measure that would mandate the forced inclusionof immigrant groups within the dominant United culture(B) the virtues and limitations of declaring English the official language of theUnited States(C) the history of attitudes within the Hispanic community toward bilingualeducation in the United States(D) the importance for immigrant groups of maintaining large segments of theirculture to pass on to their children(E) the difference in cultures between Hispanics and other immigrant groups inthe United StatesThe refusal of some countries to extradite persons accused or convicted of terrorist act has focused attention on the problems caused by the political offense exception to extradition. Extradition is the process by which one country returns an accused or convicted person found within its borders to another country for trial or punishment. Under the political offense exception, the requested state may, if it considers the crime to be a “political offense,” deny extradition to the requesting state.Protection of political offenses is a recent addition to the ancient practice of extradition. It is the result of two fundamental changes that occurred as European monarchies were replaced by representative governments. First, these governments began to reject what had been a primary intent of extradition, to expedite the return of political offenders, and instead sought to protect dissidents fleeing despotic regimes. Second, countries began to contend that they had no legal or moral duty to extradite offenders without specific agreements creating such obligations. As extradition laws subsequently developed through international treaties, the political offense exception gradually became an accepted principle among Western nations.There is no international consensus, however, as to what constitutes a political offense. For analytical purposes illegal political conduct has traditionally been divided into two categories. “Pure” political offenses are acts perpetrated directly against the government, such as treason and espionage. These crimes are generally recognized as nonextraditable, even if not expressly excluded from extradition by the applicable treaty. In contrast, common crimes, such as murder, assault, and robbery, are generally extraditable. However, there are some common crimes that are so inseparable from a political act that the entire offense is regarded as political. These crimes, which are called “relative” political offenses, are generally nonextraditable. Despite the widespread acceptance of these analytic constructs, the distinctions are more academic than meaningful. When it comes to real cases, there is no agreement about what transforms a common crime into a political offense and about whether terrorist acts fall within the protection of the exception. Most terrorists claim that their acts do fall under this protection.Nations of the world must now balance the competing needs of political freedom and international public order. It is time to reexamine the political offense exception, as international terrorism eradicates the critical distinctions between political offenses and nonpolitical crimes. The only rational and attainable objective of the exception is to protect the requested person against unfair treatment by the requesting country. The international community needs to find an alternative to the political offense exception that would protect the rights of requested persons and yet not offer terrorists immunity from criminal liability.6. In the passage, the author primarily seeks to(A) define a set of terms(B) outline a new approach(C) describe a current problem(D) expose an illegal practice(E) present historical information7. According to the passage, when did countries begin to except political offendersfrom extradition?(A) when the principle of extraditing accused or convicted persons originated(B) when some nations began refusing to extradite persons accused or convictedof terrorist acts(C) when representative governments began to replace European monarchies(D) when countries began to refuse to extradite persons accused or convicted ofcommon crimes(E) when governments began to use extradition to expedite the return of politicaloffenders8. Given the discussion in the passage, which one of the following distinctions doesthe author consider particularly problematic?(A) between common crimes and “relative” political offense(B) between “pure” political offenses and common crimes(C) between “pure” political offenses and “relative” political offenses(D) between terrorist acts and acts of espionage(E) between the political offense exception and other exceptions to extradition9. According to the author, the primary purpose of the political offense exceptionshould be to(A) ensure that terrorists are tried for their acts(B) ensure that individuals accused of political crimes are not treated unfairly(C) distinguish between political and nonpolitical offenses(D) limit extradition to those accused of “pure” political offenses(E) limit extradition to those accused of “relative” political offenses10. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would agree with which one ofthe following statements about the political offense exception?(A) The exception is very unpopular.(B) The exception is probably illegal.(C) The exception is used too little.(D) The exception needs rethinking.(E) The exception is too limited.11. When referring to a balance between “the competing needs of political freedomand international public order” (lines 54-55) the author means that nations must strike a balance between(A) allowing persons to protest political injustice and preventing them fromcommitting political offenses(B) protecting the rights of persons requested for extradition and holdingterrorists criminally liable(C) maintaining the political offense exception to extradition and clearing up theconfusion over what is a political offense(D) allowing nations to establish their own extradition policies and establishingan agreed-upon international approach to extradition(E) protecting from extradition persons accused of “pure” political offenses andensuring the trial of persons accused of “relative” political offenses12. The author would most likely agree that the political offense exception(A) has, in some cases, been stretched beyond intended use(B) has been used too infrequently to be evaluated(C) has been a modestly useful weapon again terrorism(D) has never met the objective for which it was originally established(E) has been of more academic than practical value to political dissidents13. Which one of the following, if true, would give the author most cause toreconsider her recommendation regarding the political offence exception (lines 62-66)?(A) More nations started refusing to extradite persons accused or convicted ofterrorist acts.(B) More nations started extraditing persons accused or convicted of treason,espionage, and other similar crimes.(C) The nations of the world sharply decreased their use of the political offenseexception protect persons accused of each of the various types of “pure”political offenses.(D) The nations of the world sharply decreased their use of the political offenseexception to protect persons accused of each of the various types of“relative” political offenses.(E) The nations of the world started to disagree over the analytical distinctionbetween “pure” political offenses and “relative” political offenses.As is well known and has often been described, the machine industry of recent times took its rise by a gradual emergence out of handicraft in England in the eighteenth century. Since then the mechanical industry has progressively been getting the upper hand in all the civilized nations, in much the same degree in which these nations have come to be counted as civilized. This mechanical industry now stands dominant at the apex of the industrial system.The state of the industrial arts, as it runs on the lines of the mechanical industry, is a technology of physics and chemistry. That is to say, it is governed by the same logic as the scientific laboratories. The procedure, the principles, habits of thought, preconceptions, units of measurement and of valuation, are the same in both cases.The technology of physics and chemistry is not derived from established law and custom, and it goes on its way with as nearly complete a disregard of the spiritual truths of law and custom as the circumstances will permit. The realities with which this technology is occupied are of another order of actuality, lying altogether within the three dimensions that contain the material universe, and running altogether on the logic of material fact. In effect it is the logic of inanimate facts.The mechanical industry makes use of the same range of facts handled in the same impersonal way and directed to the same manner of objective results. In both cases alike it is of the first importance to eliminate the “personal equation,” to let the work go forward and let the forces at work take effect quite objectively, without hindrance or deflection for any personal end, interest, or gain. It is the technician’s place in industry, as it is the scientist’s place in the laboratory, to serve as an intellectual embodiment of the forces at work, isolate the forces engaged from all extraneous disturbances, and let them take full effect along the lines of designed work. The technician is an active or creative factor in the case only in the sense that he is the keeper of the logic which governs the forces at work.These forces that so are brought to bear in mechanical industry are of an objective, impersonal, unconventional nature, of course. They are of the nature of opaque fact. Pecuniary gain is not one of these impersonal facts. Any consideration of pecuniary gain that may be injected into the technician’s working plans will come into the case as an intrusive and alien factor, whose sole effect is to deflect, retard, derange and curtail the work in hand. At the same time considerations of pecuniary gain are the only agency brought into the case by the businessmen, and the only ground on which they exercise a control of production.14. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with discussing(A) industrial organization in the eighteenth century(B) the motives for pecuniary gain(C) the technician’s place in mechanical industry(D) the impersonal organization of industry(E) the material contribution of physics in industrial society15. The author of the passage suggests that businessmen in the mechanical industryare responsible mainly for(A) keeping the logic governing the forces at work(B) managing the profits(C) directing the activities of the technicians(D) employing the technological procedures of physics and chemistry(E) treating material gain as a spiritual truth16. Which one of the following, if true, would contradict the author’s belief that therole of technician is to be “the keeper of the logic” (lines 45-46)?(A) All technicians are human beings with feelings and emotions.(B) An interest in pecuniary gain is the technician’s sole motive for participationin industry.(C) The technician’s working plans do not coincide with the technician’specuniary interests.(D) Technicians are employed by businessmen to oversee the forces at work.(E) Technicians refuse to carry out the instructions of the businessmen.17. The author would probably most strongly agree with which one of the followingstatements about the evolution of the industrial system?(A) The handicraft system of industry emerged in eighteenth-century England andwas subsequently replaced by the machine industry.(B) The handicraft system of industrial production has gradually given rise to amechanistic technology that dominates contemporary industry.(C) The handicraft system emerged as the dominant factor of production ineighteenth-century England but was soon replaced by mechanical techniquesof production.(D) The mechanical system of production that preceded the handicraft systemwas the precursor of contemporary means of production.(E) The industrial arts developed as a result of the growth of the mechanicalindustry that followed the decline of the handicraft system of production. 18. Which one of the following best describes the author’s attitude toward scientifictechniques?(A) critical(B) hostile(C) idealistic(D) ironic(E) neutral(This passage was originally published in 1905)The word democracy may stand for a natural social equality in the body politic or for a constitutional form of government in which power lies more or less directly in the people’s hand. The former may be called social democracy and the later democratic government. The two differ widely, both in origin and in moral principle. Genetically considered, social democracy is something primitive, unintended, proper to communities where there is general competenceand no marked personal eminence. There be no will aristocracy, no prestige, but instead an intelligent readiness to lend a hand and to do in unison whatever is done. In other words, there will be that most democratic of governments—no government at all. But when pressure of circumstances, danger, or inward strife makes recognized and prolonged guidance necessary to a social democracy, the form its government takes is that of a rudimentary monarchy established by election or general consent. A natural leader emerges and is instinctively obeyed. That leader may indeed be freely criticized and will not be screened by any pomp or traditional mystery; he or she will be easy to replace and every citizen will feel essentially his or her equal. Yet such a state is at the beginnings of monarchy and aristocracy.Political democracy, on the other hand, is a late and artificial product. It arises by a gradual extension of aristocratic privileges, through rebellion against abuses, and in answer to restlessness on the people’s part. Its principle is not the absence of eminence, but the discovery that existing eminence is no longer genuine and representative. It may retain many vestiges of older and less democratic institutions. For under democratic governments the people have not created the state; they merely control it. Their suspicions and jealousies are quieted by assigning to them a voice, perhaps only a veto, in the administration. The people’s liberty consists not in their original responsibility for what exists, but merely in the faculty they have acquired of abolishing any detail that may distress or wound them, and of imposing any new measure, which, seen against the background of existing laws, may commend itself from time to time to their instinct and mind.If we turn from origins to ideals, the contrast between social and political democracy is no less marked. Social democracy is a general ethical ideal, looking to human equality and brotherhood, and inconsistent, in its radical form, with such institutions as the family and hereditary property. Democratic government, on the contrary, is merely a means to an end, an expedient for the better and smoother government of certain states at certain junctures. It involves no special ideals of life; it is a question of policy, namely, whether the general interest will be better served by granting all people an equal voice in elections. For political democracy must necessarily be a government by deputy, and the questions actually submitted to the people can be only very large rough matters of general policy or of confidence in party leaders.19. The author suggests that the lack of “marked personal eminence” (line 11) is animportant feature of a social democracy because(A) such a society is also likely to contain the seeds of monarchy and aristocracy(B) the absence of visible social leaders in such a society will probably impedethe development of a political democracy(C) social democracy represents a more sophisticated form of government thanpolitical democracy(D) a society that lacks recognized leadership will be unable to accomplish itscultural objectives(E) the absence of visible social leaders in such a community is likely to beaccompanied by a spirit of cooperation20. Which one of the following forms of government does the author say is mostlikely to evolve from a social democracy?(A) monarchy(B) government by deputy(C) political democracy(D) representative democracy(E) constitutional democracy21. The author of the passage suggests that a political democracy is likely to havebeen immediately preceded by which one of the following forms of socialorganization?(A) a social democracy in which the spirit of participation has been diminished bythe need to maintain internal security(B) an aristocratic society in which government leaders have grown insensitive topeople’s interests(C) a primitive society that stresses the radical equality of all its members(D) a state of utopian brotherhood in which no government exists(E) a government based on general ethical ideals22. According to the passage, “the people’s liberty” (line 42) in a political democracyis best defined as(A) a willingness to accept responsibility for existing governmental forms(B) a myth perpetrated by aristocratic leaders who refuse to grant political powerto their subjects(C) the ability to impose radically new measures when existing governmentalforms are found to be inadequate(D) the ability to secure concessions from a government that may retain manyaristocratic characteristics(E) the ability to elect leaders whom the people consider socially equal tothemselves23. According to the author of this passage, a social democracy would most likelyadopt a formal system of government when(A) recognized leadership becomes necessary to deal with social problems(B) people lose the instinctive ability to cooperate in solving social problems(C) a ruling monarch decides that it is necessary to grant political concessions tothe people(D) citizens no longer consider their social leaders essentially equal to themselves(E) the human instinct to obey social leaders has been weakened by suspicion andjealousy24. According to the passage, which one of the following is likely to occur as a resultof the discovery that “existing eminence is no longer genuine and representative”(lines 35-36)?(A) Aristocratic privileges will be strengthened, which will result in a further lossof the people’s liberty.(B) The government will be forced to admit its responsibility for the inadequacyof existing political institutions.(C) The remaining vestiges of less democratic institutions will be banished fromgovernment.(D) People will gain political concessions from the government and a voice in theaffairs of state.(E) People will demand that political democracy conform to the ethical ideals ofsocial democracy.25. It can be inferred from the passage that the practice of “government by deputy”(line 64) in a political democracy probably has its origins in(A) aristocratic ideals(B) human instincts(C) a commitment to human equality(D) a general ethical ideal(E) a policy decision26. Which one of the following statements, if true, would contradict the author’snotion of the characteristics of social democracy?(A) Organized governmental systems tend to arise spontaneously, rather than inresponse to specific problem situations.(B) The presence of an organized system of government stifles the expression ofhuman equality and brotherhood.(C) Social democracy represents a more primitive form of communalorganization than political democracy.(D) Prolonged and formal leadership may become necessary in a socialdemocracy when problems arise that cannot be resolved by recourse to thegeneral competence of the people.(E) Although political democracy and social democracy are radically differentforms of communal organization, it is possible for both to contain elementsof monarchy.LSAT第02套SECTION ITime 35 minutes 28 QuestionsDirections: Each passage in this section is followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. For some of the questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer, that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question, and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.There is substantial evidence that by 1926, with the publication of The Weary Blues, Langston Hughes had broken with two well-established traditions in African American literature. In The Weary Blues, Hughes chose to modify the traditions that decreed that African American literature must promote racial acceptance and integration, and that, in order to do so, it must reflect an understanding and mastery of Western European literary techniques and styles. Necessarily excluded by this decree, linguistically and thematically, was the vast amount of secular folk material in the oral tradition that had been created by Black people in the years of slavery and after. It might be pointed out that even the spirituals or “sorrow songs” of the slaves—as distinct from their secular songs and stories—had been Europeanized to make them acceptable within these African American traditions after the Civil War. In 1862 northern White writers had commented favorably on the unique and provocative melodies of these “sorrow songs” when they first heard them sung by slaves in the Carolina sea islands. But by 1916, ten years before the publication of The Weary Blues, Hurry T. Burleigh, the Black baritone soloist at New York’s ultrafashionable Saint George’s Episcopal Church, had published Jubilee Songs of the United States, with every spiritual arranged so that a concert singer could sing it “in the manner of an art song.” Clearly, the artistic work of Black people could be used to promote racial acceptance and integration only on the condition that it became Europeanized.Even more than his rebellion against this restrictive tradition in African American art, Hughes’s expression of the vibrant folk culture of Black people established his writing as a landmark in the history of African American literature. Most of his folk poems have the distinctive marks of this folk culture’s oral tradition: they contain many instances of naming and enumeration, considerable hyperbole and understatement, and a strong infusion of street-talk rhyming. There is a deceptive veil of artlessness in these poems. Hughes prided himself on being an impromptu and impressionistic writer of poetry. His, he insisted, was not an artfully constructed poetry. Yet an analysis of his dramatic monologues and other poems reveals that his poetry was carefully and artfully crafted. In his folk poetry we find features common to all folk literature, such as dramatic ellipsis, narrative compression, rhythmic repetition, and monosyllabic emphasis. The peculiar mixture of irony and humor we find in his writing is a distinguishing feature of his folk poetry. Together, these aspects of Hughes’s writing helped to modify the previous restrictions on the techniques and subject matter of Black writers and consequently to broaden the linguistic and thematic range of African American literature.1. The author mentions which one of the following as an example of the influenceof Black folk culture on Hughes’s poetry?(A) his exploitation of ambiguous and deceptive meanings(B) his care and craft in composing poems(C) his use of naming and enumeration(D) his use of first-person narrative(E) his strong religious beliefs2. The author suggests that the “deceptive veil” (line 42) in Hughes’s poetryobscures(A) evidence of his use of oral techniques in his poetry(B) evidence of his thoughtful deliberation in composing his poems。

法学院入学考试(LSAT)阅读理解文章结构解析

法学院入学考试(LSAT)阅读理解文章结构解析1读文章就像拎衣服，要将衣领拎起来，要将主要观点拎出来，其他内容都为它服务，都围着它转。

读观点时，作者要批评某个观点，常将它放在AT BEST的位置，以便全面主要观点在末端，少数在倒数第二段末句：(为了得出主要观点作铺垫)1. 基于一个有不同看法的观点，包括作者的观点(作者观点在末段)2. 解释或回答某个问题或某种现象或PUZZLE(首段描述该问题，末段回答)3. 评价某人或某人的观点主要观点在首段，少数在二段首句(先明白要讲什麽)，有时观点具体内容在末端或倒数第二段末端1.作者详述某个观点(多数)2.解释或详述某人观点(作者没观点)3.描述新发现(新发现的过程)(作者没观点)A(FEBRUARY1996)(SuperPrep)第一篇：解释某个(历史学家)观点1. 历史学家对20世纪有关结婚的教会和法律意见赋予特殊意义。

法律方面2. 教会方面3. 某个历史学家对它赋予重要意义第二篇：解释(详述)某个观点(自己)(要结合以下内容)1.Nontraditional black women和filmmakers radical一样，与mainstream, realist cinematic 有problematic relation。

filmmakers radical方面2.Nontraditional black women方面3.举个例说明第三篇：描述某个理论(drifting continent)的发展(被接受的过程)1. 某人的drifting continent理论如果没有struggle，就不能成功2. 某人提出假设，J反对3. C提出支持4. 更有说服力的证据证明了该理论第四篇：评价某人观点1. 某人认为European Baroque反映了社会政治和文化的理念2. 3。

某人分析3. 某人的观点受其经验影响，高估了Baroque的作用。

法学院入学考试(LSAT)阅读理解文章结构解析2第一篇：详述自己某个观点1. 最近研究发现脊椎动物也像鱼一样会成群(schooling)(要结合以下内容)2. 如何成群3. 成群的PASSIVE ADVANTAGE4. 成群的ACTIVE ADVANTAGE5. 其他BENEFITS第二篇：解释某个疑问1. 觉得punishments公不公平的根源2. 有两种惩罚犯罪的原理：benefit to society和severity of the crime。

LSAT分析推理备考：LSAT分析推理样题

LSAT分析推理备考：LSAT分析推理样题参加LSAT考试的考生朋友们有福利了，本站编辑为参加LSAT的考生朋友们搜集整理来了LSAT分析推理样题，赶紧查阅练习备考吧~本节中的每一组问题都基于一组条件，在回答一些问题时，画一个粗略的图是有用的。

选择反应最准确、完整地回答问题和表面相应的空间在你的答题纸。

Passage for Question 1A university library budget committee must reduce exactly five of eight areas of expenditure—G, L, M, N, P, R, S, and W—in accordance with the following conditions:If both G and S are reduced, W is also reduced.If N is reduced, neither R nor S is reduced.If P is reduced, L is not reduced.Of the three areas L, M, and R, exactly two are reduced.Question 1If both M and R are reduced, which one of the following is a pair of areas neither of which could be reduced?G, LG, NL, NL, PP, SExplanation for Question 1This question concerns a committee’s decision about which five of e ight areas of expenditure to reduce. The question requires you to suppose that M and R are among the areas that are to be reduced, and then to determine which pair of areas could not also be among the five areas that are reduced.The fourth condition given in the passage on which this question is based requires that exactly two of M, R, and L are reduced. Since the question asks us to suppose that both M and R are reduced, we know that L must not be reduced:Reduced: M, RNot reduced: LThe second condition requires that if N is reduced, neither R nor S is reduced. So N and R cannot both be reduced. Here, since R is reduced, we know that N cannot be. Thus, adding this to what we’ve determined so far, we know that L and N are a pair of areas that cannot both be reduced if both M and R are reduced:Reduced: M, RNot reduced: L, NAnswer choice (C) is therefore the correct answer, and you are done.When you are taking the test, if you have determined the correct answer, there is no need to rule out the other answer choices. However, for our purposes in this section, it might be instructive to go over the incorrect answer choices. For this question, each of the incorrect answer choices can be ruled out by finding a possible outcome in which at least one of the two areas listed in that answer choice are reduced. Consider answer choice (A), which lists the pair G and L. We already know that for this question L must be one of the areas that is not reduced, so all we need to consider is whether G can be one of the area s that is reduced. Here’s one such possible outcome:Reduced: M, R, G, S, WIf areas M, R, G, S, W are reduced, then the supposition for the question holds and all of the conditions in the passage are met:M and R are both reduced, as supposed for this question.Both G and S are reduced, and W is also reduced, so the first condition is satisfied.N is not reduced, so the second condition is not relevant.P is not reduced, so the third condition is not relevant.Exactly two of L, M, and R are reduced, so the fourth condition is satisfied.Thus, since G could be reduced without violating the conditions, answer choice (A) can be ruled out. Furthermore, since G appears in the pair listed in answer choice (B), we can also see that (B) is incorrect.Now let’s cons ider answer choice (D), which lists the pair L and P. We already know that for this question L must be one of the areas that is not reduced, so all we need to consider is whether P can be one of the areas that is reduced. Here’s one such possible outcome:Reduced: M, R, P, S, WIf areas M, R, P, S, and W are reduced, then the supposition for the question holds and all of the conditions in the passage are met:M and R are both reduced, as supposed for this question.G is not reduced, so the first condition is not relevant.N is not reduced, so the second condition is not relevant.P is reduced and L is not reduced, so the third condition is satisfied.Exactly two of L, M, and R are reduced, so the fourth condition is satisfied.Thus, since P could be reduced without violating the conditions, answer choice (D) can be ruled out. Furthermore, since P appears in the pair listed in answer choice (E), we can also see that answer choice (E) is incorrect.This question was of moderate difficulty, based on the number of test takers who answered it correctly when it appeared on the LSAT. The most commonly selected incorrect answer choice was response (E).总结：典型的分析推理的问题，你会在最后找到。

LSAT考试真题

LSAT))LAW SCHOOL ADMISSIONS TEST(LSATSECTION1SECTION1Time-35minutes24QuestionsDirections:Each group of questions in this section is based on a set of conditions. In answering some of the questions.If may be useful to draw a rough diagram Choose the response that most accurately and completely answers each question and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheetQuestion1-6Eight new students-R,S,T,V,W,X,Y,Z-are being divided among exactly three classes-class1,class2,and class3.Classes1and2will gain three new students each:class3will gain two new students.The following restrictions apply:R must be added to class1.S must be added to class3.Neither S nor W can be added to the same class as Y.V cannot be added to the same class as Z.If T is added to class1,Z must also be added to class1.1.Which one of the following is an acceptable assignment of students to the three classes?123(A)R,T,Y V,W,X S,Z(B)R,T,Z S,V,Y W,X(C)R,W,X V,Y,Z S,T(D)R,X,Z T,V,Y S,W(E)R,X,Z V,W,Y S,T2.Which one of the following is a complete and accurate list of classes any one of which could be the class to which V is added?(A)class1(B)class3(C)class1,class3(D)class2,class3(E)class1,class2,class3.3.If X is added to class1,which one of the following is a student who must be added to class2?(A)T(B)V(C)W(D)Y(E)Z4.If X is added to class3,each of the following is a pair of students who can be added to class1EXCEPT(A)Y and Z(B)W and Z(C)V and Y(D)V and W(E)T and z5.If T is added to class3,which one of the following is a student who must be added to class2?(A)V(B)W(C)X(D)Y(E)Z6.Which one of the following must be true?(A)If T and X are added to class2.V is added to class3.(B)If V and W are added to class1.V is added to class3.(C)If V and W are added to class1.V is added to class3.(D)If V and X are added to class1.V is added to class3.(E)If Y and Z are added to class2.V is added to class2.Question7-12Four lions-F,G,H,J-and two tigers-K and M-will be assigned to exactly six stalls, one animal per stall.The stalls are arranged as follows:First Row:123Second Row:456The only stalls that face each other are stalls1and4,stalls2and5,and stalls 3and6.The following conditions apply:The tigers'stalls cannot face each other.A lion must be assigned to stall1H must be assigned to stall6.J must be assigned to a stall numbered one higher than K's stall.K cannot be assigned to the stall that faces H's stall.7.Which one of the following must be true?(A)F is assigned to an even-numbered stall(B)F is assigned to stall1(C)J is assigned to stall2or else stall3(D)J is assigned to stall3or else stall4(E)K is assigned to stall2or else stall48.Which one of the following could be true?(A)F's stall is numbered one higher than J's stall(B)H's stall faces M's stall(C)J is assigned to stall4(D)K's stall faces J'S stall(E)K's stall is in a different row than J's stall9.Which one of the following must be true?(A)A tiger is assigned to stall2(B)A tiger is assigned to stall5(C)K's stall is in a different row from M's stall(D)Each tiger is assigned to an even-numbered stall(E)Each lion is assigned to a stall that faces a tiger is stall10.If K's stall is in the same row as H's stall which one of the following must be true?(A)F's stall is in the same row as J's stall(B)F is assigned to a lower-numbered stall than G(C)G is assigned to a lower-numbered stall than M(D)G's stall faces H's stall(E)M's stall is in the same row as G's stall11.If J is assigned to stall3,which one of the following could be true?(A)F is assigned to stall2(B)F is assigned to stall4(C)G is assigned to stall1(D)G is assigned to stall4(E)M is assigned to stall512.Which one of the following must be true(A)A tiger is assigned to stall2(B)A tiger is assigned to stall4(C)A tiger is assigned to stall5(D)A lion is assigned to stall3(E)A lion is assigned to stall4SECTIONⅡTime-35minutes24QuestionsDirections:The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages For some questions more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question.However,you are to choose the best answer that is the response that most accurately and completely answers the question.You should not make assumptions that are bycommonsense standards implausible superfluous or incompatible with the passage.After you have chosen the best1.The city's center for disease control reports that the rabies eoidemic is more serious now than it was two years ago:two years ago less than25percent of the local raccoon population was infected,whereas today the infection has spread to more than50percent of the raccoon population.However,the newspaper reports that whereas two years ago32cases of rabid raccoons were confirmed during a12-month period in the past12months only18cases of rabid raccoons were confirmed.Which one of the following if true,most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy between the two reports?(A)The number of cases of rabies in wild animals other than raccoons has increased in the past12months.(B)A significant proportion of the raccoon population succumbed to rabies in the year before last.(C)The symptoms of distemper another disease to which raccoons are susceptible are usually identical to those of rabies.(D)Since the outbreak of the epidemic,raccoons,which are mormally nocturnal have increasingly been seen during daylight hours(E)The number of confirmed cases of rabid raccoons in neighboring cities has also decreased over the past year2.Recently,reviewers of patent applications decided against granting a patent to a university for a genetically engineered mouse developed for laboratory use in studying cancer.The reviewers argued that the mouse was a new variety of animal and that rules governing the granting of patents specifically disallow patents for new animal varieties.Which one of the following if true most weakens the patent feviewersargument?(A)The restrictions the patent reviewers cited pertain only to domesticated farm animals.(B)The university's application for a patent for the genetically engineered mouse was the first such patent application made by the university(C)The patent reviewers had reached the same decision on all previous patent requess for new animal varieties.(D)The patent reviewers had in the past approved patents for genetically engineered plant varieties.(E)The patent reviewers had previously decided against granting patents for new animal varieties that were developed through conventional breeding programs rather than through genetic engineering.Questions3-4Although water in deep aquifers does not contain disease-causing bacteria, when public water supplies are arawn from deep aquifers chlorine is often added to the water as a disinfectant because contamination can occur as a result of flaws in pipes or storage tanks.Of50municipalities that all pumped water from the same deep aquifer30chlorinated their water and20did not.The water in all of the municipalities met the regional government's standards for cleanliness yet the water supplied by the20municipalities that did not chlorinated had less bacterial contamination than the water supplied by the municipalities that added chlorine.3.Which one of the following can properly be concluded from the information given above?(A)A municipality's initial decision whether or not to use chlorine is based on the amount of bacterial contamination in the water source(B)Water in deep aquifers does not contain any bacteria of any kind(C)Where accessible deep aquifers are the best choice as a source for a municipal water supply(D)The regional government's standards allow some bacteria in municipal water supplies(E)Chlorine is the least effective disinfecting agent4.Which one of the following,if true,most helps explain the difference in bacterial contamination in the two groups of municipalities?(A)Chlorine is considered by some experts to be dangerous to human health, even in the small concentrations used in municipal water supplies.(B)When municipalities decide not to chlorinate their water supplies,it isusually because their citxens have voiced objections to the taste and smell of chlorine.(C)The municipalities that did not add chlorine to their water supplies also did not add any of the other available water disinfectants which are more expensive than chlorine.(D)Other agents commonly added to public water supplies such as fluoride and sodium hydroxide were not used by any of the50municipalities(E)Municipalities that do not chlorinate their water supplies are subject to stricter regulation by the regional government in regard to pipes and water tanks than are municipalities that use chlorine.5.The population of songbirds throughout England has decreased in recent years.Many people explain this decrease as the result of an increase during the same period in the population of magpies,which eat the eggs and chicks of songbirds.Which one of the following,if true,argues most strongly against the explanation reported in the passage?(A)Official records of the population of birds in England have been kept for only the past30years.(B)The number of eggs laid yearly by a female songbird varies widely according to the songbird's species.(C)Although the overall population of magpies has increased,in most areas of England in which the songbird population has decreased the number of magpies has remained stable.(D)The population of magpies has increased because farmers no longer shoot or trap magpies to any greal extent,though farmers.(E)Although magpies eat the eggs and chicks of songbirds,magpies diets consist of a wide variety of other foods as well.6.The introduction of symbols for numbers is an event lost in prehistory,but the earliest known number symbols,in the form of simple grooves and scratches on bones and stones date back20,000years or more.Nevertheless, since it was not until5,500years ago that systematic methods for writing numerais were invented,it was only then that any sort of computation became possible.Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?(A)Grooves and scratches found on bones and stones were all made by people,and none resulted from natural processes.(B)Some kinds of surfaces upon which numeric symbols could have been made in the period before5,500years ago were not used for that purpose. (C)Grooves and scratches inscribed on bones and stones do not date back tothe time of the earliest people.(D)Computation of any sort required a systematic method for writing numerals.(E)Systematic methods for writing numerals were invented only because the need for computation arose.7.Politician:Now that we are finally cleaning up the industrial pollution in the bay,we must start making the bay more accessible to the public for recreational purposes.Reporter:But if we increase public access to the bay,it will soon become polluted again.Politician:Not true.The public did not have access to the bay,and it got polluted.Therefore,if and when the public is given access to the bay,it will not get polluted.Which one of the following most closely parallels the flawed pattern of reasoning in the politician's reply to the reporter?(A)If there had been a full moon last night,the tide would be higher than usual today.Since the tide is no higher than usual,there must not have been a full moon last night.(B)The detective said that whoever stole the money would be spending it conspicuously by now.Jones is spending money conspicuously,so he must be the thief.(C)When prisoners convicted of especially violent crimes were kept in solitary confinement,violence in the prisons increased.Therefore,violence in the prisons will not increase if such prisoners are allowed to mix with fellow prisoners.(D)To get a driver's license,one must pass a written test.Smith passed the written test,so she must have gotten a driver's license.(E)In order to like abstract art,you have to understand it.therefore,in order to understand abstract art,you have to like it.8.Because learned patterns of behavior,such as the association of a green light with"go"or the expectation that switches will flip up for"on"become deeply ingrained designers should make allowances for that fact in order not to produce machines that are inefficient or dangerous.In which one of the following situations is the principle expressed most clearly violated?(A)Manufacturers have refused to change the standard order of letters on the typewriter keyboard even though some people who have over learned to typefind this arrangement of letters bewildering(B)Government regulations require that crucial instruments in airplane cockpits-be placed in exactly the same array in all commercial aircraft(C)Automobile manufacturers generally design for all of their automobiles a square or oblong lgnition key and a round or oval luggage compartment key.(D)The only traffic signs that are triangular in shape are"yield"signs.(E)On some tape recorders the"start"button is red and the"stop"button is yellow.9.From1973to1989total energy use in this country increased less than 10percent.However,the use of electrical energy in this country during this same period grew by more than50percent as did the gross national product-the total value of all goods and services produced in the nation.If the statements above are true,then which one of the following must also be true?(A)Most of the energy used in this country in1989was electrical energy.(B)From1973to1989there was a decline in the use of energy other than electrical energy in this country.(C)From1973to1989there was an increase in the proportion of energy use in this country that consisted of electrical energy use(D)In1989electrical energy constituted a larger proportion of the energy used to produce the gross national product than did any other form of energy.(E)In1973the electrical energy that was produced constituted a smaller proportion of the gross national product than did all other forms of energy combined.10.A fundamental illusion in robotics is the belief that improvements in robots will liberate humanity from"hazardous and demeaning work"Englineers are designing only those types of robots that can be properly maintained with the least expensive,least skilied human labor possible.Therefore,robots will not eliminate demeaning work-only substitute one type of demeaning work for another.The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to the criticism that it(A)ignores the consideration that in a competitive business environment some jobs might be eliminated if robots are not used in the manufacturing process(B)assumes what it sets out to prove,that robots create demeaning work.(C)Does not specify whether or not the engineers who design robots consider their work demeaning(D)Attempts to support its conclusion by an appeal to the emotion of fear, which is often experienced by people faced with the prospect of losing their jobsto robots(E)Fails to address the possibility that the amount of demeaning work eliminated by robots might be significantly greater than the amount they createSECTIONⅢTime-35minutes26QuestionsDirections:The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages For some questions more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question.However you are to choose the best answer that is the response that most accurately and completely answers the question.You should not make assumptions that are answer blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet1.The painted spiders spins webs that are much stickier than the webs spun by the other species of spiders that share the same habitat.Stickler webs are more efficient at trapping insects that fly into them.Spiders prey on insects by trapping them in their webs therefore.If can be concluded that the painted spider is a more successful predator than its competitorsWhich one of the following if true most seriously weakens the argument?(A)Not all of the species of insects living in the painted spider's habitat are flying insects(B)Butterflies and moths which can shed scales are especially unlikely to be trapped by spider webs that are not very sticky(C)Although the painted spider's venom does not kill insects quickly.It paralyzes them almost instantaneously(D)Stickier webs reflect more light and so are more visible to insects than are less-sticky webs.(E)The webs spun by the painted spider are no larger than the webs spun by the other species of spiders in the same habitat2.Despite the best efforts of astronomers,no one has yet succeeded in exchanging messages with intelligent life on other planets or in other solar systems.In fact,no one has even managed to prove that any kind of extraterrestrial life exists.Thus,there is clearly no intelligent life anywhere but on Earth.The argument's reasoning is flawed because the argument(A)fails to consider that there might be extraterrestrial forms of intelligence that are not living beings(B)confuses an absence of evidence for a nypothesis with the existence of evidence against the hypothesis(C)interprets a disagreement over a scientitic theory as a disproof of that theory(D)makes an inference that relies on the vagueness of the term"life"(E)relies on a weak analogy rather than on evidence to draw a conclusionQuestions3-4Bart:A mathematical problem that defied solution for hundreds of years has finally yielded to a supercomputer.The process by which the supercomputer derived the result is so complex.However,that no one can fully comprehend it. Consequently,the result is unacceptable.Anne:In scientific research if the results of a test can be replicated in other tests,the results are acceptable even though the way they were derived might not be fully understood.Therefore,if a mathematical result derived by a supercomputer can be reproduced by other supercomputers following the same procedure it is acceptable3.Bart's argument requires which one of the following assumptions?(A)The mathematical result in question is unacceptable because it was derived with the use of a supercomputer(B)For the mathematical result in question to be someone who can fully comprehend the process by which it was derived.(C)To be acceptable the mathematical result in question must be reproduced on another supercomputer.(D)Making the mathematical result in question less complex would guarantee its acceptablility.(E)The supercomputer cannot derive an acceptable solution to the mathematical problem in question.4.The exchange between Bart and Anne most strongly supports the view that they disagree as to(A)whether a scientific result that has not been replicated can properly be accepted(B)whether the result that a supercomputer derives for a mathematical problem must be replicated on another supercomputer before it can be accepted(C)the criterion to be used for accepting a mathematical result derived by a supercomputer(D)the level of complexity of the process to which Bart refers in his statements(E)the relative complexity of mathematical preblems as compared to scientific problems5.It is commonly held among marketing experts that in a nonexpanding market a company's best strategy is to go after a bigger share of the market and that the best way to do this is to run comparative advertisements that emphasize weaknesses in the products of rivals.In the stagnant market for food oil,soybean-oil and palm-oil producers did wage a two-year battle with comparative advertisements about the deleterious effect on health of each other's products.These campaigns,however had little effiect on respective market shares;rather they stopped many people from buying any edible oils at all.The statements above most strongly support the conclusion that comparative advertisements(A)increase a company's market share in all cases in which that company's products are clearly superior to the products of rivals(B)should not be used in a market that is expanding or likely to expand(C)should under no circumstances be used as a retaliatory measure(D)carry the risk of causing a contraction of the market at which they are aimed(E)yield no long-term gains unless consumers can easily verify the claims made6.Recent unexpectedly heavy rainfalls in the metropolitan area have filled the reservoirs and streams;water rationing,therefore,will not be necessary this summer.Which one of the following,if true most undermines the author's prediction?(A)Water rationing was fmposed in the city in three of the last five years.(B)A small part of the city's water supply is obtained from deep underground water systems that are not reached by rainwater(C)The water company's capacity to pump water to customers has not kept up with the increased demand created by population growth in the metropolitan area.(D)The long-range weather forecast predicts lower-than-average temperatures for this summer.(E)In most years the city receives less total precipitation in the summer than if receives in any other season.7.John:In80percent of car accidents the driver at fault was within five miles of home,so people evidently drive less safely near home than they do on long trips.Judy:But people do80percent of their driving within five miles of home.How is Judy's response related to John's argument?(A)It shows that the evidence that John presents by itself is not enough to prove his claim.(B)It restates the evidence that John presents in different terms.(C)It gives additional evidence that is needed by John to support his conclusion.(D)It calls into question John's assumption that whenever people drive more than five miles from home they are going on a long trip.(E)It suggests that John's conclusion is merely a restatement of his argument's premise.8.Reasonable people adapt themselves to the world:unreasonable people persist in trying to adapt the world to themselves.Therefore,all progress depends on unreasonable people.If all of the statements in the passage above are true which one of the following statements must also be true?(A)Reasonable people and unreasonable people are incompatible.(B)If there are only reasonable people there cannot be progress.(C)If there are unreasonable people there will be progress.(D)Some unreasonable people are unable to bring about progress.(E)Unreasonable people are more persistent than reasonable people.9.Theater critic:The theater is in a dismal state.Audiences are and revenue is down.Without the audience and the revenue the talented and creative people who are the lifeblood of the theater are abandoning it.No wonder standards are deteriorating.Producer:It's not true that the theater is in decline.Don't you realize that your comments constitute a self-fulfilling prophecy?By publishing these opinions,you yourself are discouraging new audiences from emerging and new talent from joining the theater.Which one of the following is a questionable technique employed by the produce in responding to the critic?(A)focusing on the effects of the critie's evaluation rather than on its content(B)accusing the critic of relying solely on opinion unsupported by factual evidence(C)challenging the motives behind the critle's remarks rather than the remarks themselves(D)relying on emphasis rather than on argument(E)invoking authority in order to intimidate the critic10.Michelangelo's sixteenth-century Sistine Chapel paintings are currently being restored.A goal of the restorers is to uncover Michelangelo's original work, and so additions made to Michelangelo's paintings by later artists are being removed.However,the restorers have decided to make one exception:to leave intact additions that were painted by da Volterra.Which one of the following,if true,most helps to reconcile the restorers' decision with the goal stated in the passage?(A)The restorers believe that da Volterra stripped away all previous layers of paint before he painted his own additions to the Sistine Chapel.(B)Because da Volterra used a type of pigment that is especially sensitive to light,the additions to the Sistine Chapel that ad Volterra painted have relatively muted colors.(C)Da Volterra's additions were painted in a style that was similar to the style used by Michelangelo.(D)Michelangelo is famous primarily for his sculptures and only secondarily for his paintings,whereas da Volterra is known exclusively for his paintings.(E)Da Volterra's work is considered by certain art historians to be just as valuable as the work of additions to Michelangelo's work.SECTION IVTime-35minutes27QuestionsDirections:Each passage in this section is followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implies in the passage for some of the questions more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However you are to choose the best answer that is the response that mostaccurately and completely answers the question and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheetThree kinds of study have been performed on Byron.There is the biographical study-the very valuable examination of Byron's psychology and the events in his life.Escarpit's1958work is an example(5)of this kind of study and biographers to this day continue to speculate about Byron's life.Equally valuable is the study of Byron as a figure important in the history of ideas;Russell and Prza have written studies of this kind.Finally,there are(10)studies that primarily consider Byron's poetry.Such inerary studies are valuable however only when they avoid concentrating solely on analyzing the verbal shadings of Byron's poetry to the exclusion of any discussion of biographical considerations.A(15)study with such a concentration would be of questionable value because Byron's poetry,for the most part,is simply not a poetry of subtle verbal most part,is simply not a poetry of subtle verbal meanings.Rather,on the whole, Byron's poerns record the emotional pressure of certain moments(20)in his life.I believe we cannot often read a poem of Bvron's we often can one of Shakespeare's without wondering what events or circumstances in his life prompted him to write it.No doubt the fact that most of Byron's poems(25)cannot be convincingly read as subtle verbal creations indicates that Byron is not a"great"poet.It must be admitted too that Byron's literary craftsmanship is irregular and often his temperament disrupts even his lax literrary method(30)(although the result an absence of method has a significant purpose:it functions as a rebuke to a cosmos that Byron feels he cannot understand).If Byron is not a"great"poet his poetry is nonetheless of extrtaordinary interest to us because(35)of the pleasure it gives us:Our main pleasure in reading Byron's poetry is the contact with a singular personality.Reading his work gives us illumination-self-understanding-after we have seen our weaknesses and aspirations mirrored in(40)the personality we usually find in the poems.Anyone who thinks that this kind of illumination is not a genuine reason for reading a poet should think。

美国法学院入学考试LSAT分析推理真题精选及详解【圣才出品】

LSAT分析推理真题精选及详解Directions:Each group of questions in this section is based on a set of conditions. In answering some of the questions, it may be useful to draw a rough diagram. Choose the response that most accurately and completely answers each question and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.A company employee generates a series of five-digit product codes in accordance with the following rules:the codes use the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4, and no others.Each digit occurs exactly once in any code.the second digit has a value exactly twice that of the first digit.the value of the third digit is less than the value of the fifth digit.1. If the last digit of an acceptable product code is 1, it must be true that the(A) first digit is 2(B) second digit is 0(C) third digit is 3(D) fourth digit is 4(E) fourth digit is 0答案：A解析：如果1在最后一位，第三位比1还小只能是0，而由于前两位必须是倍数关系，那么前两位必然是2和4。

LSAT考试全真试题三SECTION1

LSAT考试全真试题三SECTION1LSAT考试全真试题三SECTION1LSAT考试全真试题三SECTION1section 1time-35 minutes24 questionsdirections: each group of questions in this section is based on a set of conditions. in answering some of the questions, it may be useful to araw a rough diagram. choose the resoonse that most accurately and completely answers each question and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.questions 1-6seven students-fourth-year students kim and lee; third-year students pat and robin: and second-year students sandy, tety and val-and only those seven, are being assigned a rooms of equal size in a dormitory. each room assigned musthave either one or two or three students assigned to it and will accordingly be called either a single or a double or a triple. the seven students are assigned to moms in accordence with the following conditions:lio fourth-year student can be assigned to a triple.no second-year student can be assigned to a single.lee and pobin must not share the same roomkim and pat must share the same room.1. which one of the following is a combination of rooms to which the seven students could be assigned?(a) two triples and one single(b) one triple and four singles(c) three doubles and a stngle(d) two doubles and three singles(e) one double and five singles2. it the room assigned to robin is a single, which one of the following could be true?(a) there is exactly one double that has a second-year student assigned to it.(b) lee is assigned to a stngle.(c) sandy fat and one other student are zseigned to a triple together.(d) lixactly three of the rooms assigned to the students are singles(e) exactly two of the rooms assigned to the students are doubles.3. which one of the following must be true?(a) lee is assigned to a single(b) pat sharts a double with another student(c) robin shares a double with another student(d) two of the second-year students share a double with each other(e) neither of the third-year students is assigned to asingle4. if robin is assigred to a triple, which one of the following must be true?(a) lee is assigned to a single(b) two second-year students share a double with each other(c) none of the rooms assigned to the students is a single(d) two of the rooms assigned to the students are singles.(e) three of the rooms assigned to the students are singles5. if terry and val assigned to different doubles from each other, other, then it must be true of the students rooms that exactly(a) one is a single(b) two are singles(c) two are doubles(d) one is a triple(e) two are triples6. which one of the following could be true?(a) the two fourth-year students are assigned to singles.(b) the two fourth-year students share a double with cach other.(c) lee shares a room with a second-year student(d) lee shares a room with a third-year student(e) pat shares a triple with two other studentsquestions 7-11a worker will insert colored light bulbs into a billboard equipped with exactly three light sockets, which are labled lights 1, 2, and 3. the worker has three green bulbs, three purple bulbs, and three yellow bulbs. seiection of bulbs for the sockets is governed by the following conditions:whenever light 1 is purple, light 2 must be yellow.whenever light 2 is purple, light 1 must be green.whenever light 3 is either purple or yellow, light 2 mustbe purple.7. which one of the following could be an accurate list of the colors of light bulbs selected for lights 1, 2 and 3, respectively?(a) green, green, yellow(b) purple, green, green(c) purple, purple, green(d) yellow, purple, green(e) yellow, yellow, yellow8. if light 1 is yellow, then any of the following can be true, except:(a) light 2 is green.(b) light 2 is purple(c) light 3 is green(d) light 3 is purple(e) light 3 is yellow9. there is exactly one possible color sequence of the threelights if which one of the following is true?(a) light 1 is purple.(b) light 2 is purple.(c) light 2 is yellow(d) light 3 is purple.(e) light 3 is yellow10. if no green bulbs are selected, there are exactly how many possible different color sequences of the three lights?(a) one(b) two(c) three(d) four(e) five11. if no two lights are assigned light bulbs that are the same color as each other, then which one of the following could be true?(a) light i is green, and light 2 is purple.(b) light i is green, and light 2 is yellow.(c) light i is purple, and light 2 is yellow.(d) light i is yellow, and light 2 is green.(e) light i is yellow, and light 2 is purple.questions 12-17an attorney is scheduling interviews with witnesses for a given week. monday through saturday. two full consecutive days of the week must be reserved for interviewing hostile withesses. in addition, nonhostile witnesses q, r, u, x, y, and z will each be interviewed exactly once for a full morning or afternoon. the only witnesses who will be interviewed simultaneously with each other are q and r. the following conditions apply.x must be interviewed on thursday morningq must be interviewed at some time before x.u must be interviewed at some time before rz must be interviewed at some time after x and at some time after y.12. which one of the following is a sequence, from first to last, in which the nonhostile witnesses could be interviewed?(a) q with r, u, x, y, z(b) q, u, r, x, with y, z(c) u, x, q, with r, y, z(d) u, y, q, with r, x, z(e) x, q, with u, z, r, y13, which one of the following is acceptable as a complete schedule of witnesses for tuesday morning. tuesday afternoon, and wednesday morning,respectively?(a) q, r, none(b) r, none, y(c) u, y, none(d) u, y, none(e) y, z, none14.if y is interviewed at some time after x, which one of the following must be a day reserved for interviewing hostile witnesses?(a) monday(b) tuesday(c) wednesday(d) friday(e) saturday15. if r is interviewed at some time after y which one of the following must be a day reserved for interviewing hostile witnesses?(a) monday(b) tuesday(c) wednesday(d) thursday(e) friday16. if on wednesday afternoon and on monday the attomey conducts no interviews, which one of the followingbe true?(a) q is interviewed on the same day as u(b) r is interviewed on the same day as y(c) y is interviewed on the same day as u(d) y is interviewed on the same day as wednesday(e) z is interviewed on the same day as friday17. if z is interviewed on saturday morning which one of the following can be true?(a) wednesday is a day reserved for interiewing hostile witnesses.(b) friday is a day reserved for interviewing hostile witnesses.(c) r is interviewed on thursday(d) u is interviewed on tuesday(e) y is interviewed at some time before thursdayquestions 18-24during a four-week period, cach of seven previously unadvertised products-g, h, j, k, l, m, and o-will be advertised.a different pair of these products will be advertised each week. exactly one of the products will be a member of two of these four pairs. the following constraints must be observed:j is not advertised during a given week unless h is advertised during the immediately precceding week.the product that is advertised during two of the weeks is advertised during week 4 but is not advertised during week 3g is not advertised during a given week unless either j or else o is also advertised that week.k is advertised during one of the first two weekso is one of the products advertised during week 318. which one of the following could be the schedule of advertisernents?(a) week 1: g, j; week 2: k, l; week 3: o, m; week 4: h, l(b) week 1: h, k; week 2: j, g; week 3: o, l; week 4: m, k(c) week 1: h, k; week 2: j, m; week 3: o, l; week 4: g, m(d) week 1: h, l; week 2: j, m; week 3: o, g; week 4: k, l(e) week 1: k, m; week 2: h, j; week 3: o, g; week 4: l, m19. which one of the following is a pair of products that cannot be advertised during the same week as each other?(a) h and k(b) h and m(c) j and o(d) k and l(e) l and m20. which one of the following must be advertised during week 2?(a) g(b) j(c) k(d) l(e) m21. which one of the following cannot be the product that is advertised during two of the weeks?(a) g(b) h(c) k(d) l(e) m22. if l is the product that is advertised during two of the weeks, which one of the following is a product that must be advertised during one of the weeks in which l is advertised(a) g(b) h(c) j(d) k(e) m23. which one of the following is a product that could be advertised in any of the four weeks?(a) h(b) j(c) k(d) l(e) o24. which one of the following is a pair of products that could be advertised during the same week as each other(a) g and h(b) h and j(c) h and o(d) k and o(e) k and o(f) m and oLSAT考试全真试题三SECTION1 相关内容:。

tcl英文笔试阅读题

tcl英文笔试阅读题TCL English Written Test: Reading ComprehensionIntroduction:In this article, we will be discussing and analyzing a series of reading comprehension questions that are commonly found in TCL English written tests. These questions test your ability to comprehend written passages and extract relevant information. By practicing these questions, you will be better prepared for the TCL English written test and increase your chances of success. Let's dive into the questions!Question 1:Read the following passage and answer the questions below:Passage:"Climate change is a global issue that requires urgent attention. Rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and extreme weather events are clear indicators of the impact of human activities on the environment. However, some individuals and governments still question the validity of climate change science.Question:What is the main focus of the passage?Answer:The main focus of the passage is climate change and its impact on the environment. It highlights rising temperatures, melting glaciers, and extreme weather events as evidence of the influence of human activities on the planet. It also mentions the skepticism of some individuals and governments towards the science of climate change.Question 2:Read the following passage and answer the questions below:Passage:"Social media platforms have become an integral part of our lives, allowing us to connect, share, and communicate with others. However, they also pose various risks, especially for young users. Cyberbullying, online harassment, and the spread of misinformation are some of the challenges faced by individuals on these platforms."Question:What are the risks associated with social media platforms, particularly for young users?Answer:The risks associated with social media platforms, particularly for young users, include cyberbullying, online harassment, and the spread of misinformation. These challenges can have negative effects on the mental and emotional well-being of individuals, especially the youth.Question 3:Read the following passage and answer the questions below:Passage:"The importance of education cannot be overstated. It plays a crucial role in the development of individuals and societies. Education empowers individuals, equips them with necessary skills, and enhances their opportunities for a better future."Question:What role does education play in the development of individuals and societies?Answer:Education plays a crucial role in the development of individuals and societies. It empowers individuals by providing them with knowledge and skills necessary forpersonal and professional growth. It also enhances opportunities for a better future, leading to overall social and economic development.Question 4:Read the following passage and answer the questions below:Passage:"Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various industries, including healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing. It has the potential to improve efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. However, concerns have been raised regarding the ethical implications and the impact on job security."Question:What are the potential benefits and concerns associated with artificial intelligence (AI)?Answer:The potential benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) include improved efficiency, accuracy, and productivity in various industries such as healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing. However, concerns have been raised regarding the ethical implications of AI, as well as the impact on job security. These concerns highlight the need for responsible and ethical development and implementation of AI technologies.Conclusion:By practicing and understanding the reading comprehension questions presented in this article, you will be better equipped to tackle similar questions in the TCL English written test. Remember to carefully read and analyze the passages, extract relevant information, and provide accurate and concise answers. Good luck with your preparation!。

(LSAT 逻辑考试)Set01

SECTION ⅠTime—35 minutes25 QuestionsDirections: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Mr. West: Well, Ms. Smith, by how much do you plan to increase your donation to the cultural society this year? You know how many worth while projects we do.Ms. Smith: I’m not so sure of that. I was very upset about the statue you purchased last month. I think I’ll give no more money to your cause.Mr. West: That’s all right: we’ll just put you down for the same amount that you gave last year.Which one of the following words or phrases has been misinterpreted in the conversation?(A) “increase”(B) “you know”(C) “worthwhile”(D) “no more”(E) “same amount”2. Handwriting analysis—also known as graphology—is a poor way to predict personality types, even though it is used by 3,000 United States firms and by a majority of European companies. In a recent study, five graphologists scored no better than chance in predicting the occupations of forty professionals.Which one of the following is an assumption necessary to the argument?(A) People in the same occupation usually do not have the same personality type.(B) Graphology is an effective means of predicting personality types in non-business contexts.(C) There are more United States firms that do not use graphology than all the United States and European firms that do use it.(D) There are several other techniques for predicting personality types that are more accurate than graphology.(E) There is a correspondence between type of personality and choice of occupation.Questions 3-4The simple facts are these: the number of people killed each year by grizzly bears is about the same as the number of people killed by lightning on golf courses. And the number of people killed by lightning on golf course each year is about the same as the number of people electrocuted by electric blenders. All the horrible myths and gruesome stories aside, therefore, a grizzly bear is in fact about as dangerous as an electric blender or a game of golf.3. Which one of the following is an assumption that the author relies upon in the passage?(A) Most incidents involving grizzly bears are fatal.(B) Grizzly bears are no longer the danger they once were.(C) The number of fatalities per year is an adequate indication of something’s dangerousness.(D) A golf course is a particularly dangerous place to be in a thunderstorm.(E) Something is dangerous only if it results in death in the majority of cases.4. Which one of the following, if true, would most effectively undermine the author’s argument?(A) Although the number of people killed by lightning on golf courses each year is very small, the total number of lightning fatalities is many times greater.(B) Electric blenders are among the safest household appliances; were the author to compare fatalities from electrical appliances in general, she would get a much higher figure.(C) Most people would rather take their chances with blenders and golf games than with grizzly bears.(D) Bears in general—including black, brown, and cinnamon bears, as well as grizzly bears—kill many more people than do electric blenders.(E) Statistics show that the number of times people use electric blenders each year exceeds the number of times people play golf each year, which in turn far exceeds the number of contacts people have with grizzly bears each year.5. Emperor: The enemy empire across the sea has harassed us for centuries. I want to conquer it and stop it once and for all. What advice can you give me?Admiral: If you cross the sea, a mighty empire will fall.Emperor: In that case, prepare the troops. We set sail tonight.Of the following, the strongest criticism of the Emperor’s decision to invade would be that it.(A) Is certain to lead to the emperor’s defeat(B) Is based on opinion rather than objective facts about troop strength(C) Contradicts the Admiral’s statement(D) Fails to consider fully the possible meanings of the Admiral’s advice(E) Is a futile strategy for solving the problem at hand6. No senator spoke at the convention unless he or she was a Democrat. No Democrat both spoke at the convention and was a senator.Which one of the following conclusions can be correctly drawn from the statements above?(A) N one but senators spoke at the convention.(B) No Democrat spoke at the convention.(C) Only Democrats spoke at the convention.(D) No senator spoke at the convention.(E) Some Democrat senators spoke at the convention.7. If Sarah were a concert pianist for a major orchestra, she would be famous. She is not a concert pianist since she is not famous.The conclusion above is unsound because the author does not consider that(A) Sarah could be a famous actress.(B) Sarah could be a harpist for a major orchestra.(C) Sarah could be a pianist with a rock group.(D) Sarah could be a concert pianist with a minor orchestra.(E) Sarah could be famous for another reason.8. Neuroscientists are making progress in discovering more about the cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease patients suffer from dementia and sever memory loss. Autopsies performed on such patients have revealed the presence of brain lesions caused by abnormal protein deposits. Similar deposits are also found in the brains of elderly patients who do not suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. It follows that everyone who lives long enough will eventually develop Alzheimer’s disease.Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion that everyone who lives long enough will eventually develop Alzheimer’s disease?(A) The lesions found in the brains of non-Alzheimer’s disease patients are far less extensive than those found in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients.(B) The developing brain produces a greater number of cells than it will ever use. The extra cells are later destroyed by what biologists call “programmed cell death.”(C) The procedure that allows scientists to discover the presence of protein deposits during an autopsy is not yet refined enough to ensure detection of the lesions in all patients.(D) Autopsies have shown that some people lack the chemical necessary for protein deposits to cause brain lesions.(E) Though most Alzheimer’s disease patients develop the disease when they are in their late fifties to early seventies, the frequency of patients who develop the disease in their forties is on the rise.9. Free public education is the best form of education there is. Therefore, we must fight to ensure itscontinued existence; that is, we must be ready to defend the principle of equality of educational opportunity. Because this principle is we worth defending, it is clear that free public education is better than any other form of education.Which one of the following illustrates the same weak reasoning as found in the passage?(A) I love music, and that’s why I listen to it constantly. I have my stereo or radio on every waking minute. Since I play music all the time, I must really love it.(B) Books are my most valuable possessions. My books are like my friends—each pleases me in different ways. Just as I would give up everything to save my friends, so too with my books.(C) I would much rather be poor and respected than be rich and despised. To have the respect of others is far more valuable than to have millions of dollars.(D) I have never been betrayed by any of my friends. They have been true to me through good times and bad. Therefore I will never betray any of my friends.(E) Because every plant I have ever seen has green leaves, I have concluded that all plants must have green leaves. This looks like a plant but it does not have green leaves, so it cannot be a plant.10. Some people say that the scarcity of food is a function of the finite limits of the earth’s resources, coupled with a relentless rate of population growth. This analysis fails to recognize, however, that much of the world’s agricultural resources are used to feed livestock instead of people. In the United States, for example, almost one-half of the agricultural acreage is devoted to crops fed to livestock. A steer reduces twenty-one pounds of inexpensive grain to one pound of expensive meat. Thus, the scarcity of food is not merely a function of limited resources and population growth.Which one of the following is an assumption that would allow the conclusion in the argument to be properly drawn?(A) People prefer eating meat to eating grain.(B) Meat is twenty-one times more expensive than grain.(C) The limits of the earth’s agricultural resources are not finite.(D) More than one-half of the agricultural acreage in the United States is devoted to crops fed to humans.(E) Growing crops for human consumption of the acreage currently devoted to crops for livestock will yield more food for more people.11. Hanifah: A recent survey shows that there are fewer people who drive only on weekends than there are people who drive to work each weekday. As a result, weekend-only drives are involved in fewer accidents. Therefore, insurance rates should be adjusted so that rates would be significantly higher for the regular commuters.Katsu: I can’t agree with your conclusion. The same study also showed that, although weekend-only drives are involved in fewer accidents, when considered on the basis of accidents-per-mile-driven their records are worse than those of regular commuters. Therefore, insurance rates should be adjusted to increase the ratesof weekend-only drivers over those of regular commuters.In the conversation above, Katus does which one of the following?(A) Katsu disagrees with each of the premises of the argument that Hanifah offers.(B) Katsu cites additional evidence stating that weekend-only drivers are actually involved in a greater number of accidents than regular commuters.(C) Katsu accuses Hanifah of using inaccurate statistical information.(D) Kasu proves that Hanifah didn’t read the entire report that was cited.(E) Katsu disagrees with Hanifah over how accident records are to be evaluated for insurance rates.12. If Country X does not intervene militarily in Country Y, then the whole region will definitely fall under enemy influence.It most logically follows from the statement above that, if Country X does intervene militarily in Country Y, then the whole region.(A) Will definitely fall under enemy influence(B) Will probably fall under enemy influence(C) Will probably not fall under enemy influence(D) Will definitely not fall under enemy influence(E) May or may not fall under enemy influence13. Top college graduates are having more difficulty demonstrating their superiority to prospective employers than did the top students of twenty years ago when an honors degree was distinction enough. Today’s employers are less impressed with the honors degree. Twenty years ago no more than 10 percent of a given class graduated with honors. Today, however, because of grade inflation, the honors degree goes to more than 50 percent of a graduating class, Therefore, to restore confidence in the degrees they award, colleges must take steps to control grade inflation.Which one of the following is an assumption that, if true, would support the conclusion in the passage?(A) Today’s students are not higher achievers than the students of twenty years ago.(B) Awarding too many honors degrees causes colleges to inflate grades.(C) Today’s employers rely on honors ranking in making their hiring decisions.(D) It is not easy for students with low grades to obtain jobs.(E) Colleges must make employers aware of the criteria used to determine who receives an honors degree.14. Either Perry’s faction or Tucker’s faction, but not both, will win control of the government. If Perry’s faction wins, the nation will suffer economically. If Tucker’s faction wins, the nation will suffer militarily.Given the statements in the passage, which one of the following statements must be true?(A) It is possible, but not certain, that the nation will neither suffer economically nor suffer militarily.(B) If the nation suffers economically, it is certain that Perry’s faction has won control of the government.(C) It is certain that the nation will suffer either economically or militarily, and also certain that it will not suffer both.(D) If the nation suffers militarily, it is possible, but not certain, that Tucker’s faction has won control of the government.(E) If the nation suffers both economically and militarily, it is certain that neither Perry’s faction nor Tucker’s has won control of the government.15. One of the more reliable methods of determining regional climatic conditions in prehistoric periods is to examine plant pollen trapped in glacial ice during ancient times. By comparing such pollen samples with spores taken from modern vegetation, scientists can figure out approximately what the weather was like at the time of pollen deposition. Furthermore, by submitting the prehistoric samples to radiocarbon dating techniques, we can also determine when certain climatic conditions were prevalent in that portion of the globe.Which one of the following may be inferred from the information in the passage?(A) The earth has undergone several glacial periods.(B) Radiocarbon daring can be corroborated by glacial evidence.(C) Similarities between prehistoric and contemporary climates do not exist.(D) Pollen deposition is a fairly continuous process.(E) Certain flora are reliably associated with particular climatic conditions.16. Investigators concluded that human failure was not responsible for the fatal airplane crash last August, and since that time new and more stringent rules for identifying and reporting mechanical problems have been in effect. That accounts for the fact that reports of airplane mechanical problems have increased in frequency by 50 percent since last August.Which one of the following is an assumption underlying the argument in the passage?(A) Airplane travel is still relatively safe, despite the increase in reported mechanical problems.(B) Mechanical problems in airplanes have increased dramatically since last August.(C) Mechanical problems in airplanes have not increased by 50 percent since last August.(D) Airlines are less reluctant to report mechanical problems than they previously were.(E) Mechanical problems in airplanes have become easier to detect since last August.17. The peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is that it robs the human race. It takes fromposterity, as well as the existing generation, and from those who dissent from the opinion even more thanfrom those who hold it. If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth; if it is wrong, they lose what is almost as great a benefit: the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error.Which one of the following best expresses the conclusion presented in the argument?(A) Silencing the expression of an opinion is robbing the human race.(B) Silencing the expression of an opinion harms those who dissent more than those who agree.(C) Anyone who agrees with an opinion would not want to silence its expression.(D) Gaining a clearer perception and livelier impression of truth is a great benefit.(E) The greatest benefit is the opportunity of exchanging truth for error.18. Brushing your teeth regularly, no matter which toothpaste you use, will reduce your chances of tooth decay. Scientists have concluded that, when you brush, you reduce tooth decay by removing the film of plaque that forms on teeth and gums. So, you can forget about fluorides: brush your teeth carefully and say goodbye to cavities.Which one of the following is a criticism of the reasoning in the argument?(A) Brushing with fluoride toothpaste has been shown to reduce tooth decay.(B) The fact that brushing will reduce tooth decay does not show that fluorides are of no value.(C) Few people adequately remove plaque by brushing.(D) People have plaque on their teeth most of the time.(E) Scientists have been wrong about fluorides.19. Some good cooks are gourmet cooks who pride themselves on always using extravagantly rich ingredients in elaborate recipes. Some good cooks can be characterized as fast-food cooks. They may use rich ingredients as long as the recipes are easy to follow and take little time. Other good cooks are health food enthusiasts, who are concerned primarily with the nutritional value of food. But even though not all good cooks are big eaters, they all enjoy preparing and serving food.If the information in the passage is true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?(A) Most good cooks do not use extravagantly rich ingredients.(B) Everyone who enjoys preparing and serving food is a good cook.(C) More good cooks who use extravagantly rich ingredients are big eaters than are good cooks who do not use such ingredients.(D) There are fewer good cooks who enjoy serving and preparing food than there are good cooks who are big eaters.(E) Gourmet cooks, fast-food cooks, and cooks who are health food enthusiasts are all big eaters.20. Most discussions of the factors contributing to improvements in public health greatly underestimate the influence of the values held by individuals. This influence is indicated by the fact that the astonishing decline in mortality from infectious disease during the past century was primarily due to an improvement in living conditions. To a substantial degree, these improvements depended on the emphasis by and increasing share of the population on cleanliness, prudence, and moderation.The main point of the passage is made primarily by(A) analyzing existing data on medical practices and health outcomes(B) presenting a set of related cause-and –effect assertions(C) applying several general principles to a specific case(D) presenting a general observation and supporting it with several specific examples(E) refuting in detail a commonly accepted argumentQuestion 21-22If the city council institutes new parking regulations, city revenues will surely increase, since studies have conclusively shown that, if such parking regulations are put into effect, there is an increase in parking violations, and an increase in parking violations will result in a greater number of parking fines collected.21. Which one of the following is closest, in terms of its logical features, to the reasoning used in the argument above?(A) Last year’s increase in revenues can be easily explained. That was the year the city council instituted new parking regulations. No doubt the new law brought with it an increase in the number of parking violations.(B) If taxes were increased, this act would naturally result in increased revenues for the city, and increased revenues would make some desirable social programs possible. So, if taxes were increased, some desirable social programs would become possible.(C) Henry says that, if the city council goes into closed session, an important matter of personnel policy is being discussed. However, no personnel matters were discussed at the council meeting, so if Henry is right, the council did not go into closed session.(D) All cars parked on the north side of the street were ticketed last night, and the same cars were towed away this morning. So beware A car ticketed in this city also gets towed away.(E) Allen says that, if the city council institutes new parking regulations, it is unlikely that revenues for the city will increase. If Allen is right, then the parking regulation plan should not be instituted.22. If the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following must also be true?(A) Unless there is an increase in the number of parking violations in the city, city revenues will not increase.(B) If the city council institutes new parking regulations, the council will fall from favor with the citizens.(C) The city council will institute new parking regulations only if an increase in city revenues can be expected to result.(D) If the city council’s new regulations cause more parking violators to be ticketed, the city revenues will increase.(E) Unless the city institutes a complex system of parking regulations, the city cannot expect traffic violations to increase.23. The function of government is to satisfy the genuine wants of the masses, and government cannot satisfy those wants unless it is informed about what those wants are. Freedom of speech ensures that such information will reach the ears of government officials. Therefore, freedom of speech is indispensable for a healthy state.Which one of the following, if true, would NOT undermine the conclusion of the argument?(A) People most often do not know what they genuinely want.(B) Freedom of speech tends ultimately to undermine social order, and social order is a prerequisite for satisfying the wants of the masses.(C) The proper function of government is not to satisfy wants, but to provide equality of opportunity.(D) Freedom of speech is not sufficient for satisfying the wants of the masses: social order is necessary as well.(E) Rulers already know what the people want.24. An unbiased observer of everyday encounters in Western societies would surely not find many instances of unkindness by people under 65 toward people over 65. There are undoubtedly incidents of unkindness based on age, and these warrant reproof. However, the very fact that such reproof occurs and is generally accepted implies that our Western societies basically respect the elderly. The same conclusion can be drawn from a recent survey finding: 71 percent of the under 65 population agreed with the statement that “people over 65 receive too little respect from society”, while only 44percent of the over-65 population, the target of the alleged irreverence agreed with it.The author concludes that Western societies basically respect the elderly partly because.(A) people under 65 are just as kind to people over 65 as they are to people of their own age group(B) survey data suggest that fewer people over 65 than under 65 get too little respect(C) disrespect for the elderly does not go so far as to result in actual harm(D) survey data suggest that people over 65 are more aware of incidents involving disrespect to the elderly than are people under 65(E) incidents of unkindness to the elderly are neither common nor generally accepted in Western societies25. These days, everyone talks about being too busy. But all this busyness does not seem to result in things getting done. Just as many tasks are still left uncompleted, phone calls unreturned, and appointments missed as there were in the days before this outbreak of busyness. Therefore, people must not be as busy as they claim.Which one of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion in the passage?(A) These days, looking busy is a status symbol.(B) People have to do much more these days than before the so-called outbreak of busyness.(C) People waste so much time talking about being busy that they fail to get things done.(D) Just as many things are getting done now as before the so-called outbreak of busyness.(E) People have more leisure time these days than before the so-called outbreak of busyness.SECTION ⅢTime—35 minutes26 QuestionsDirections: Each passage in this section is followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. For some of the questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer, that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question, and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Immigrants adoption of English as their primary language is one measure of assimilation into the larger United States society. Generally languages define social groups and provide justification for social structures. Hence, a distinctive language sets a cultural group off from the dominant language group. Throughout United States history this pattern has resulted in one consistent, unhappy consequence discrimination against members of the cultural minority Language differences provide both a way to rationalize subordination and a ready means for achieving it.Traditionally, English has replaced the native language of immigrant groups by the second or third generation. Some characteristics of today’s Spanish-speaking population, however, suggest the possibility of a departure from this historical pattern. Many families retain ties in Latin America and move back and forth between their present and former communities. This “revolving door” phenomenon, along with the high probability of additional immigrants from the south, means that large Spanish-speaking communities are likely to exist in the United States for the indefinite future.This expectation underlies the call for national support for bilingual education in Spanish-speaking communities’ public schools. Bilingual education can serve different purposes, however. In the 1960s, such programs were established to facilitate the learning of English so as to avoid disadvantaging children in their other subjects because of their limited English. More recently, many advocates have viewed bilingual education as a means to maintain children’s native languages and cultures. The issue is important for people with different pole to separatism at the other.To date, the evaluations of bilingual education’s impact on learning have been inconclusive. The issue of bilingual education has, nevertheless, served to unite the leadership of the nation’s Hispanic communities. Grounded in concerns about status that are directly traceable to the United States history of discrimination against Hispanics, the evaluations of bilingual education’s impact on learning have been inconclusive. The issue of bilingual education has nevertheless, served to unite the leadership of the nation’s Hispanic communities. Grounded in concerns about status that are directly traceable to the United States history of discrimination against .Hispanics, the demand for maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools is an assertion of the worth of a people and their culture. If the United States is truly a multicultural nation----that is, if it is one culture reflecting the contributions of many --- this demand should be seen as a demand notfor separation but for inclusion.More direct efforts to force inclusion can be misguided. For example, movement to declare English the official language do not truly advance the cohesion of a multicultural nation. They alienate the twenty million people who do not speak English as their mother tongue. They are unnecessary since the public’s business is already conducted largely in English. Further, given the present state of understanding about the effects of bilingual education on learning, it would be unwise to require the universal use of English. Finally, it is for parents and local communities to choose the path they will follow, including hoe much of their culture they want to maintain for their children.1. It can be inferred from the passage that one of the characteristics of immigrant groups to the United States has traditionally been that, after immigration, relatively few members of the group.(F) became politically active in their new communities(G) moved back and forth repeatedly between the United States and their former communities(H) used their native languages in their new communities(I) suffered discrimination in their new communities at the hands of the cultural majority(J) sought assimilation into the dominant culture of the new communities they were entering2. The passage suggests that one of the effects of the debate over bilingual education is that it has(F) given the Hispanic community a new-found pride in its culture(G) hampered the education of Spanish-speaking students(H) demonstrated the negative impact on imposing English as the official United States language(I) provided a common banner under which the Spanish—speaking communities could rally(J) polarized the opinions of local Spanish-speaking community leaders3. In lines 38-39,the phrase” different political agendas” refers specifically to conflicting opinions regarding the(A) means of legislating the assimilation of minorities into United States society(B) methods of inducing Hispanics to adopt English as their primary language(C) means of achieving nondiscriminatory education for Hispanics(D) official given responsibility for decisions regarding bilingual education(E) extent to which Hispanics should blend into the larger United States society4. In lines 64-65 the author says that “It would be unwise to require the universal use of English “ One reason for this, according to the author is that(A) it is not clear yet whether requiring the universal use of English would promote or hinder the education of children whose English is limited(B) the nation’s Hispanic leaders have shown that bilingual education is most effective when it includes the maintenance of the Spanish language in the schools(C) requiring the universal use of English would reduce the cohesion of the nation’s Hispanic communities and leadership.。

银行系统公开招聘考试英语分类真题阅读理解(一)

银行系统公开招聘考试英语分类真题阅读理解(一)(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：5，分数：100.00)Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 1 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr. Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and nature resources division of the Council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the Council"s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr. Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr. Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as tourist attraction, he went on. The short view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future."We forget that they are the guarantee of life systems, on which any built-up area ultimately depends," Dr. Baum went on, "We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have shrunk to become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land mass."（分数：20.00）(1).Recent studies by the Council of Europe show that ______.（分数：4.00）A.it is only in Britain that wildlife needs more protectionB.all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying outC.there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhereD.certain species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting √解析：[解析] 第一段的第二句提到，拥有21个成员国的欧洲委员会所做的研究显示，1%的爬行动物和24%的蝴蝶类正濒临灭绝，由此可见答案为D选项。

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