高考完形填空之议论文-教案

第7讲完形填空之议论文课前热身Every conscious being has interests that should be respected. No being who is conscious of being alive should be devalued to thinghood, dominated and used as a resource or ___41___. The key point of the idea known as animal rights is a movement to extend moral consideration to all ___42___beings. Nobody should have to demonstrate a specific level of intelligence or be judged beautiful to be given moral consideration. No being should have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting “duties” in order to be extended moral consideration. ____43___, what other animals need from us is being free from duties to us.Animal rights is about letting animals live on their own terms. It can be written into our laws, but is not an actual list or bill of rights as we have for human society. It begins with our promises not to act like ___44___ of others. Animal rights is about justice-treating animals fairly.Why is animal rights ___45__? It is because we human often act as though we are the only beings on the planet. Although we depend on other animals for our very survival, humans are the only animals that have upset the balance of nature. There are lots of ways that humans ___46__ animals.41. A. companies B. goods C. insects D. providers42. A. active B. conscious C. intelligent D. strange43. A. Indeed B. Moreover C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise44. A. followers B. friends C. masters D. tutors45. A. necessary B. neglected C. respected D. revolutionary46. A. distinguish B. eliminate C. exploit D. raise参考答案：41 —46 BBACAC【考纲解读】近五年上海英语高考对于完形填空的考查题量一直保持在15题，总分值为15分，每小题1分。

主要以语篇挖空的形式考查对于文章主旨大意的整体理解和把握、高中词汇的识记与理解，尤其是形近词的辨析、词汇在具体语境中的运用、句子之间以及段落之间的逻辑关系等。

要求考生在掌握一定词汇量的基础上，能对词在句子、段落乃至文章中的具体意思和运用有较为深刻的认识与理解，同时要求考生从文章的全局出发，把握文章的主旨大意和上下文的逻辑关系。

在做议论文完形填空时，首先要抓住议论文的中心句，即文章的中心论点。

从文章全局角度出发，把握文章的结构层次和行文脉络。

接着，再找到每一段的分论点和支持分论点的支持句。

所选的选项需要紧扣文章的中心论点和分论点。

解题时，要求根据上下文的逻辑关系，推敲句子之间的前因后果，做出正确的判断和选择。

【考点分析】考点一：上下文逻辑In any case, despite so much evidence to the __52__, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, __53__, that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from __54__ without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.（2016年上海高考英语真题）54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above考点分析：根据后句“...makes for authoritarian managers....”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。

故D项“above上面的”正确。

考点二：近义词或同义词复现考点分析：…The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very ___58___ person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to __59___the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.58.A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working考点分析：第58空是完形填空中典型的近义词复现。

在58空所在句子之后有attractive一词，再根据句意的理解，一张是长得漂亮的人的照片，另一张是长得不太吸引人的照片，将两者进行对比。

因此，58空应该选择attractive的近义词good-looking.考点三：文章主旨大意But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.（2014年上海高考英语真题）65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret考点分析：要选对第65题，仅仅对空格所在的句子理解还不够，需要从整篇文章的主旨大意出发。

在文章的开头就提及动物之间的梳理毛发是一种亲昵的行为表现，最后一句再次提及诸如梳理毛发这种一对一的身体接触，因此本题选C.考点四：词汇、段落句子之间的对应…There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 49 in young children. One is that these 50 appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 51 .49. A. cultivated B. motivated C. possessed D. stimulated考点分析：第49空解题依据是要找到上下文词汇或段落句子之间的对应。

49 空后before引导的时间状语从句，说“在大多数父母开始训练他们的孩子之前……”，与之对应的即是49空所在句子中的are not taught，再根据并列连词but表转折，由此可知这种能力是先天拥有的，因此本题选C例题精讲2018年高三徐汇区一模Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students in the study became___41___ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonald’s so quickly on screen that they could not ___42___ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on ___43___, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for t ime. They conclude: “Our experiments suggest that the ___44___goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases ___45___for time-saving products. “More ___46___, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduced people’s willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate ___47___over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains —McDonald’s, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendy’s and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what they were but the subliminal effect was ___48___. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than ___49___versions after seeing the logos. When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a week’s time, they again chose ___50___ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canada’s Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a culture of time efficiency and im mediate ___51___.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food ___52___whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “___53___, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but it’s a sign of impatience when one is taking a walk in the park.”“We’re finding that the mere exposure to fast food is ___54___a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no ___55___at all.”41.A. hungry B. stressful C. anxious D. timid【参考答案】C【考查内容】上下文文意理解【试题解析】考查上下文关联。