名词变复数规则变化.

名词变复数规则变化

1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如map→maps,bag→bags 等;

2.以s,sh,ch,x 等结尾的词加“es”,如bus→buses, watch→watches 等;

3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词,变y 为i 加es,如baby→babies 等;以元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s 变复数,如monkey→monkeys,holiday→holidays, storey→storeys 楼层(;

4.以o 结尾的名词变复数时:as 的名词有:加

photo→photos ,piano→pianos,radio→radios, zoo→zoos b加es 的名词

有:potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes

5.以 f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a加s 的名词有: belief→beliefs roof→roofs safe→safes gulf→gulfs b去掉f,fe 加ves 的名词有:half→halves knife→knives

leaf→leaves wolf→wolves wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式,是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports;

piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh 结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。读音变化:统一加读[iz]。例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes;

match→matches; flash→flashes box →boxes; watch →watches; actress →actresses; class →classes; coach(长途车→coaches; dress →dresses; sandwich →sandwiches; toothbrush →toothbrushes; waitress(女侍者→waitresses 三、以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词,

将y 改变为i,再加-es。读音变化:加读[z]。例:candy→candies; daisy(雏菊

→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories strawberry →strawberries; baby →babies; puppy →puppies; library →libraries; dictionary →dictionaries; cherry

→cherries; activity →activities 四、以-o 结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es,否则加-s 构成复数。(有生命的加es,无生命的加s读音变化:加读[z]。

例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo(鱼雷→torpedoes; bingo(彩票式游戏→bingoes 反例:(青贮塔silo →silos; piano→pianos 外来词photo→photos; (; macro(宏指令,计机算语言→macros(缩写词五、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,多为将-f 或-fe 改变为-ves,但有例外。读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff(员工→staves; scarf(围巾→scarves 目前搜集的直接加s:roof-roofs, belief-beliefs,gulf(海湾-gulfs, serf(农奴-serfs,safe-safes,chief (负责人-chiefs 这几个可变可不变:scarf-scarfs,handkerchief- handkerchiefs 六、以-us 结尾的名词(多为外来词,通常将-us 改变为-i 构成复数。读音变化:尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。例:fungus(真菌→fungi; abacus (算盘→abaci; focus(焦点→foci; cactus 仙人掌(→cacti; cestus 拳击用的牛皮手套(→cesti 七、以-is 结尾的名词,通常将-is 改变为-es。读音变化:尾音[is]改读[i:z]。例:axis(轴线→axes; basis→bases; naris(鼻孔

→nares; hypothesis(假设

→hypotheses; restis(索状体→restes 名词复数的不规则变化1 child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与man 和woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German 不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman 是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。2单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish, Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4以s 结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a.

maths,politics,physics 等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。b. news 是不可数名词。c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945 年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>