物流学原理简答及填空答案

1. What is logistics managementLogistics management is that part of the supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customer’s requirements.供应链活动的一部分，是为了满足客户需要而对商品、服务以及相关信息从产地到消费地的高效、低成本流动和储存进行的规划、实施与控制的过程。

2. What are the activities included in logistics managementCustomer service, traffic and transportation, warehousing and storage, plant and warehouse site selection, inventory control, order processing, distribution communications, procurement, material handling, parts and service support, salvage and scrap disposal, packaging, return goods handling, demand forecasting.顾客服务、交通与运输、仓储、厂址与仓库地点的选择、库存控制、订单处理、分销信息、采购、物料搬运、提供零部件与维修服务、残值与废物处理、包装、退货处理与需求预测。

3. What are the challenges of global logisticsSome of the perceived challenges of global logistics are cultural and linguistic differences, duty and custom requirements, just-in-time requirements, logistics support for longer supply chains, finding qualified global suppliers or manufacturers, fluctuations in exchange rates, knowledge of foreign business practices, nationalistic attitude and behavior and understanding the political environment.全球物流的明显挑战在于文化和语言差异、关税要求、适时要求、较长供应链的物流支持、寻找合适的全球供应商或制造商、汇率的波动、国外经营实务知识、国民的态度和行为以及对政治环境的了解。

4. What are the goals of purchasing①Provide an uninterrupted flow of material, supplies and services required to operate the organization.②Keep inventory investment and loss at a minimum.③Maintain adequate quality standards.④Find or develop quality vendors.⑤Standardize the items bought, if possible.⑥Purchase required items and services at the lowest ultimate prices.⑦Maintain the organization’s competitive position.⑧Achieve harmonious, productive working relationships with other departments within the organization.⑨Accomplish the purchasing objectives at the lowest possible level of the administrative costs.①为了保证组织的经营活动不间断地提供物料、供应品及服务②使库存投资与损失降至最低程度③保持适当的质量标准④寻找并开发质量可靠的卖方⑤如有可能，制定出所购项目的标准，使之标准化⑥以最低的最终价格购买所需物料和服务⑦保持组织的竞争地位⑧与组织内其他部门保持协调的工作关系⑨以最可能低的管理成本实现采购目标5. What are the six major product categories①component parts,② raw materials,③ process materials,④ accessory equipment, ⑤major equipment, ⑥operating supplies.部件、原材料、在制品、附属设备、主要设备、经营的供应品6. What are the five basic modes in the transportation systemMotor , rail, air, water, or pipeline.公路、铁路、航空、水路与管道运输7. What are the advantages to the use of containersThe use of containers in intermodal logistics reduces staffing needs, minimizes in-transit damage and pilferage, shortens time in transit because of reduced port turnaround time, and allow the shipper to take advantage of volume shipping rates.货物自托运人运到收货人的过程中，使用集装箱大大减少了劳动力、降低了中转损失、偷窃现象，也由于缩短了船舶在港口的周转时间而缩短了运送时间，货主也从中享有大量货物运费率。

8. How do you understand supply chain managementSupply chain management is the integration of these activities through improved supply chain relationships, to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. In this definition, the supply chain includes the management of information systems, sourcing and procurement, production scheduling, order processing, inventory management, warehousing, customer service, and after-market disposition of packaging and materials. Supply chains are essentially a series of linked suppliers and customers; every customer is in turn a supplier to the next downstream organization until a finished product reaches the ultimate end user.供应链管理是指为了获得持续的竞争优势，通过改善供应链关系实现供应链活动的一体化。

在本定义中，供应链管理包括：信息系统、寻找原料和采办、生产计划、订单处理、库存管理、仓储和顾客服务。

供应链实质是一系列相互联系的供应商和客户，每个客户又依次是下游组织的供应商，直到最终产品交付给最终用户。

9. What are the benefits of supply chain management①genuine cooperation between all parts of the supply chain②eliminating duplication of effort, information, planning, etc③eliminating operations that do not add value to the customer④improving efficiency and productivity to reduce costs⑤reducing stocks and response times⑥having actual demand trigger replenishments along the chain⑦being more responsive to customers⑧sharing information and links systems⑨using available technology including EPOS, EDI and automated order processing①实现供应链组成部门的真正合作②避免工作、信息和计划的无效性③消除不向顾客提供追加价值的经营活动④提高效率和生产率并降低成本⑤减少库存及其反应时间⑥引发整个供应链的实际需求⑦对顾客作出更好反应⑧分享信息与联系系统⑨使用自动售货点技术（EPOS）、电子数据交换（EDI）等可用技术以及自动订单处理技术。

1. Each element of a firm’s logistics system can affect whether a customer receives the right at the right in the right for the right at the right .2. Packing performs two basic functions: and . In marketing sense the package acts as a form of promotion or .3. The primary objectives of third-party logistics provides are to the total cost of logistics for the supplier and the service level to the consumer.4. Reverse logistics deals with the handling, storage and movement of material that flows from the customer back to the or supplier.5. In any society, industrialized or non-industrialized, goods must be physically moved or transported between the place and the place . The exchange process has become the .6. If a number of individuals or organizations within the society have a surplus of goods that someone else needs, there is a basic for. Channels of distribution develop when many exchanges take place between and .7. Motor carriers are in that they can transport of varying sizes and weights over any distance.8. If a shipper has strict arrival and departure requirement, railroads are at a competitive compared to motor carriers.9. Although increasing numbers of shippers are using air freight for regular service, most view air transport as the premium, service because of its higher cost.10. Air transportation provides rapid but terminal and delivery delays and congestion may appreciably reduce this advantage.11. Not only is the per-unit price lower as a of the discount, but if the company pays the freight, transportation costs will be less on a volume purchase because of transportation economies.12. It also may be necessary to hold an inventory of items that may be in short supply as the of damage in transit, vendor stockout or a strike against one of the company’s suppliers.。