孔子电影

操作方法：放电影前1-2天给学生阅读材料（孔子介绍），之后花2节课左右放电影，同时发学生问卷要求当堂完成，学生感兴趣的情节或问题可扩展，配套问卷的问题综合性较高，要求学生有较高的归纳能力，不推荐给中小学生放。

部分难以捕捉的问题可以播放时暂停一小会或反复1次。

一、孔子介绍ConfuciusAccording to tradition, Confucius was born in 551 B.C., in theSpring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of theHundred Schools of Thoughtphilosophical movement. Confucius was born in or near the city ofQufu(曲阜), in the ChineseState of Lu(魯) (now part ofShandong Province). Early accounts say that he was born into a poor but noble family that had fallen on hard times.Confucius was from a warrior family. His father Shulianghe (叔梁紇) had military exploits in two battles and owned afiefdom. TheRecords of the Grand Historian(史記), compiled some four centuries later, states that Confucius was born as a result of a yehe (野合), or "illicit union".His father died when Confucius was three years old, and he was brought up in poverty by his mother. His social ascendancy linked him to the growing class of shì (士), a class whose status lay between that of the oldnobilityand the common people, that comprised men who sought social positions on the basis of talents and skills, rather than heredity. As a child, Confucius was said to have enjoyed puttingritual vaseson the sacrifice table. He married a young girl named Qi Guan (亓官) at 19 and she gave birth to their first child, Kong Li, (孔鯉) when he was 20. Confucius is reported to have worked as a shepherd, cowherd, clerk, and a book-keeper. His mother died when Confucius was 23, and he entered three years of mourning.Confucius is said to have risen to the position of Justice Minister (大司寇) in Lu at the age of 53. According to theRecords of the Grand Historian, the neighboring state ofQi (齊)was worried that Lu was becoming too powerful. Qi decided to sabotage Lu's reforms by sending 100 good horses and 80 beautiful dancing girls to the Duke of Lu. The Duke indulged himself in pleasure and did not attend to official duties for three days. Confucius was deeply disappointed and resolved to leave Lu and seek better opportunities, yet to leave at once would expose the misbehavior of the Duke and therefore bring public humiliation to the ruler Confucius was serving, so Confucius waited for the Duke to make a lesser mistake. Soon after, the Duke neglected to send to Confucius a portion of the sacrificial meat that was his due according to custom, and Confucius seized this pretext to leave both his post andthe state of Lu.According to tradition, after Confucius's resignation, he began a long journey (or set of journeys) around the small kingdoms of northeast and central China, including the states ofWei (衞),Song (宋),Chen (陳)andCai (蔡). At the courts of these states, he expounded his political beliefs but did not see them implemented.According to the Zuo Commentary to the Spring and Autumn Annals, when he was 68 Confucius returned home. The Analects depict him spending his last years teaching disciples and transmitting the old wisdom via a set of texts called theFive Classics.Burdened by the loss of both his son and his favorite disciples, he died at the age of 72 or 73.The philosophy of Confucius emphasized personal andgovernmentalmorality, correctness ofsocial relationships,justiceandsincerity. These values gained prominence inChinaover other doctrines, such asLegalism(法家) orTaoism(道家) during theHan Dynasty(206 BC – AD 220). Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known asConfucianism(儒家).Because no texts survive that are demonstrably authored by Confucius, and the ideas most closely associated with him were elaborated in writings that accumulated over the period between his death and the foundation of the first Chinese empire in 221 BC, many scholars are very cautious about attributing specific assertions to Confucius himself. His teachings may be found in theAnalects of Confucius(論語), a collection ofaphorisms, which was compiled many years after his death. For nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all theFive Classics(五經) such as theClassic of Rites(禮記) (editor), and theSpring and Autumn Annals(春秋) (author).Confucius' principles had a basis in common Chinese tradition and belief. He championed strong familial loyalty,ancestor worship, respect of elders by their children (and, according to later interpreters, of husbands by their wives), and the family as a basis for an ideal government. He expressed the well-known principle, "Do not do to others what you do not want done to yourself", one of the earlier versions of theGolden Rule.二、电影《孔子》配套问卷Confucius-Questionnaire1. When was Confucius born? How old would he be now?2. Where is his hometown?3.In the movie, when the king of Lu ask Confucius how can you make Lu stronger, what is Confucius’ answer?4.Before Confucius saved the young slave, what did he say to General GongShan?（A dictum）5.How did Confucius save his king’s life in the meeting with Qi?6.Why did Confucius want to raze the three city walls?7.What is Confucius’ belief? (When he talked with Nanzi.)8.After Confucius went back to Lu, what did he only want to do?。