2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题...
2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题...
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2005-2006 学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题（B 卷） 学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题（
订 线 题 号 I 40 分 II 15 分 III 15 分 IV 20 分 V 10 分 （院系： 院系： 专业： 专业： 卷 面 分 100 随 堂 测 试 20 分 课 堂 表 现 10 分 年级： 年级： 评 卷 人 ）
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折 合 70%
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得 分 年 级
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评卷人
Part I. Choose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct letters in the blanks on your answer sheet. （2×20=40） ） c. Communication competence j. Symbols
1. Assume that global warming is a fact, and, as a result, assume that summers in the United States average 43℃ (109℉). It would be logical to make adjustments: Rather than air condition building all day, you might close schools and businesses in the afternoons to conserve energy. Such adjustments would make sense. Why then do some people attribute sensible midday siestas in hot climates to laziness? 2 An international student in a U.S. grocery may be asked, “paper or plastic?” The student knows what paper is and what plastic is, but don’t understand the question.
跨文化交际导论期末试题(A卷)
leaving children unattended outside cafes is common in Denmark. Pictures were wired to the
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interpretation.
police showing numerous strollers parked outside cafes while parents were eating inside.
or native language.
8. In an ______ culture, the interest of the individual prevails over the interests of the group.
9. _____ deals with a culture’s most fundamental beliefs about its place in the cosmos, beliefs about
but also to the cotm. Nmounnveicrabtaiol ncobmetmwueneincagtrioonups of diverse cultural identifications.
2. _____ involves first translating into the second language, then translating back into the first
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language, and then comparing the result to the original.
Danish consulate explained that
3. Human perception is usually thought of as a three-step process of ________, organization, and
《大学英语跨文化交际课程》讨论问题及答案
《大学英语跨文化交际课程》讨论问题及答案第一套：1 There are organizations devoted to Ford cars and trucks. Some people are preoccupied with that for a while and then lose interest and hence relinquish membership in the group.2 Army personnel in uniform are required to salute when they meet and recognize persons entitled (by grade) to salute except when it is inappropriate or impractical (in public conveyances such as plans and buses , in public places such as inside the theaters, or when driving a vehicle).3. Li Lan had an American friend Susan. They usually had lunch together and Li Lan often asked Susan for advice on problems she faced adjusting to American society. Susan gave Li Lan a lot of advice and helped her to improve her English. Once Li Lan needed urgently a big sum of money to pay her tuition fee. Since she has no other friends in the States, she turned to Susan for help and promised that she would return the money soon.To Li Lan's great disappointment, this time Susan didn't seem happy to lend the money to her. Though Li Lan returned the money as she promised, they didn't get along well from then on. Questions:(1) What are the differences in what American and Chinese young people expect from their friends?(2) What kind of advice would you give to hath of them so that they could get to know each other?第二套：1 Xiao LI and Xiao Wang were colleagues. Xiao LI gave a lot of help to Xiao Wang financially and socially. Recently Xiao LI would get married. But he forgot inviting Xiao Wang attend his wedding. Later Xiao Wang got information about Xiao LI’ wedding and sent RMB 500 Yuan to Xiao LI.2. People in the United States frequently err in guessing the age of Japanese individuals, such as judging a Japanese college student in mid-20s to be only 14 or 15. Why?3. Can you use Confucianism to explain why Chinese people both have fan and chai in one meal?第三套：1.In 1997, a Danish woman left her 14-month-old baby girl in a stroller outside a Manhattan restaurant while she was inside. Other diners at the restaurant became concerned and called New York City Police. The woman was charged with endangering a child and was jailed for two nights. Her child was placed in foster care. The woman and the Danish consulate explained that leaving children unattended outside cages is common in Denmark. Pictures were wired to the police showing numerous strollers parked outside cafes while parents were eating inside.2. Assume that global warming is a fact, and, as a result, assume that summers in the United States average 43℃(109℉). It would be logical to make adjustments: Rather than air condition building all day, you might close schools and businesses in the afternoons to conserve energy. Such adjustments would make sense. Why then do some people attribute sensible midday siestas in hot climates to laziness?第四套：1 Sometimes parents will say to their children “ We don’t associate with people like that.” Or “be careful when you’re with them.”2. A classic psychology study in the 1970s had two groups of undergraduates read stories about a woman. The stories were identical, except that one had the sentence “ Betty is now a lesbian.” On a test one week later, individuals in the group that had read that Betty is a lesbian were much more likely than individuals in the other group to recall having read that Betty never dated men. In fact, the story that both groups had read stated that Betty dated men occasionally.3. In India, there are elaborate rules about how closely members of each caste may approach other castes, and Arabs of the same sex do stand much closer than North Americans. North Americans in an elevator maintain personal space if the physical space permits it. An Arab entering an elevator may stand right next to another person and be touching even though no one else is in the elevator.4. In Thailand and Laos, it is rude for a stranger or acquaintance to touch a child on the top of the head because the head is regarded as the home of the spirit or soul. It is believed that a child’s spirit or soul is not strong enough to be touched and has tendency to become ill if patted.第五套：1 Chinese students can not make good use of the following phrases which are comprised of only simple words, such as read between the lines,hold water, kick the bucket.2 During World WarⅡ, the Allies had issued the Potsdam Ultimatum demanding the surrender of the Japanese military to end the war. Prime Minister Suzuki said, “The government does not see much value in it. All we have to do is mokusatsu it.” But the word mokusatsu can mean anything from “ignore” to “treat with silent contempt.” The Allies took it as the most offensive meaning. 3. The US and China have continual conflicts on human rights. Both accused the other side that they have human rights abuses. Despite of great efforts in resolving the differences, the problem still exists.第六套：1 A student from Colombia may study in the United States and earn a Ph.D., teach at adistinguished university, and publish important books, but when he returns to visit Colombia, people to whom he is introduced will want to know to whom he is related. Colombians want to know who his family is because that places him in society much more so than any of his accomplishments in the United States.2．In Germany, there is a society that relies on rules, laws and regulations. Students expect their teachers to be experts who have all the answers. In the workplace, there is an inner need to work hard. Germany wants to reduce its risks to the minimum and proceed with changes step by step. 3．Employment decisions cannot be made on the basis of age, ancestry or ethnicity, disability, marital or parental status, race, religion, or sex.4．Time clocks are everywhere: In homes, cars, work sites, on wrists, at organized play sites. Many people report feeling uncomfortable not knowing the time. Perhaps only camping in the woods---without a radio and clocks--- can one be free of time awareness in the United States.第七套：1 Japanese advertising reflects Confucian and collectivistic values. Concepts of face and harmony relate to an indirect communication style, It is said that the goal of Japanese advertising is to win the trust and respect of the consumer; Taiwan advertising generally links the product to the consumer’s traditional Chinese values, such as family relations and respect for authority. 2．Disney’s ＄4.4 billion Euro Disney opened outside Paris in April 1992, later the park was losing ＄1 million a day. Disney was forced to take some measures; it had discounted its own value as a U.S. icon. It has now become the most popular tourist attraction in France.3．Post-World War ⅡJapanese products of the time were popularly known as “junk”, so General Douglas MacArthur asked Washington to send someone to help conduct a national census and assess Japan’s ability to rebuild. Dr. W. Edward Deming, a relatively unknown statistician for the U.S. government, was sent. Deming stressed achieving uniform results during production rather than through inspection at the end of the production line.Later, Dr. Joseph Juran lectured in Japan on extending quality from just manufacturing to the entire process from product design to product delivery to the customer. This and other efforts had by 1970s resulted in top-quality cameras, electronics, etc.Later, companies such as Lockheed and Honeywell started similar pilot programs, but the program did not fit in well with the dominant U.S value of individualism.Questions:（1）analyze the role of General MacArthur and Dr. Deming in the model?（2）why did the program did not have the same impact they had in Japan?第八套：1 When a person arrives in a new country, everything seems so new and exciting.2 An international student in a U.S. grocery may be asked, “Paper or plastic?” The student knows what paper is and what plastic is, but doesn’t understand the question.3 The practice of cao gio —rubbing coins with hot balm oil on the chest and back of a sick person —led to the jailing of one father, who subsequently committed suicide.4 The defendants, who were members of the Amish faith, refused to send their children, aged 14 and 15, to public school after the children had completed the eighth grade.第九套：1.Budweiser advertised to three regional subgroups: In California, Texas, and the Southwest, advertisements aimed at Spanish-speakers of Mexican heritage featured cowboys and cactus; In the Northeast, advertisements aimed at Puerto Ricans featured cityscapes and salsa music; and the Florida, advertisements aimed at Cubans featured palm trees, cigars, and bananas. Each advertisement featured differently accented Spanish and national-origin-appropriate music.2. The Nielsen study of Hispanic television viewing showed that Hispanics watch very differently TV shows than the general public does. Adults prefer Univision and Telemundo to the English-language network shows 3 to 1. Of English-language shows, only 1 in 4 of the top 10 shows shows preferred by the general public rated in the top 10 for Hispanics.3. Leslie Zhueng was a famous singer and movie star in Hong Kong. His fame and popularity brought a lot wealth to him. And he had a boyfriend, Mr. Tang.4. Southwest is the only major airline in the U.S. that has been profitable in each of the last five years. It has the youngest fleet, the best safety record, and awards for customer service. Like all the better-performing companies, Southwest Airlines has a well-defined set of values that helps the company to survive in those difficult times.第十套：1.A White male department manager posted training opportunities as required but strongly encouraged other White heterosexual man in the department to sign up. He never mentioned them to any women, ethnic group members, or lesbians and gay men.2.A new Spanish immigrant to the United States may have a strong feeling of discomfort, fear, or insecurity when he enters into the Unites States.参考答案第一套：1 This case can reflect one of features of subgroup ---Temporality. Membership in somegroup is temporary; that is, members may participate for a time and later become inactive or separate from it altogether.2 Every culture and subgroup provides its members with rules of behavior, or what are called rules and norms. Indeed, the extent to which a person is a member of a culture is often gauged by his or her adherence to norms. In communication studies, it is assumed that behavior governed by socially agreed-on norms or by one’s individual guidelines for behavior. Army personnel belongs to subgroups, therefore it has its own rules and norms . Salute is one of them.3.1)Li Lan asked to borrow money from her American friend Susan, which is rarely part of Western friendship. Li Lan and Susan have different expectations of friendship.2) In the West, people prefer to be independent and equal rather than dependent, so they don't feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person gives more and the other person is dependent on what is given. Among friends they mostly provide emotional support to each other and spend time together, so they rarely borrow or lend money to each other. They would ask for a loan from the bank rather than from their friends. While in China, people expect their friends to Be loyal to each other, and they even take risks for their friends. So they would give not only emotional support to each other but also concrete help to each other, such as helping to find a job, solving a problem, or even giving money to help one out over along period of time. So when a friend is in need, the first person he or she wants to ask for help is naturally his/her friend.3) As an American, Susan would like to help her Chinese friend Li Lan. But she didn't expect Li Lan would ask for money, which goes against the principle of independence and equality. While as a Chinese, Li Lan regarded Susan as her good friend, and she considered it natural to ask to borrow money from Susan when she needed the money urgently.）4) Li Lan first should try to get to know American culture as much as possible. She may also need to have a discussion with Susan about the different ways of friendship in both cultures. If possible, she could try to ask for a loan from a bank.5) Susan should also try to learn to understand Chinese culture. She could also have a discussion with Li Lan about the different expectation of friendship in both cultures. If she could understand the Chinese ways, she might help Li Lan out financially by lending her the money.第二套：1．In Chinese culture influenced by Confucianism, if someone does a favor for you, you should return the favor to them. This is very common for Chinese people .In the philosophy ofConfucianism Reciprocity are the base of relationships. Gratitude and indebtedness are important parts of Chinese culture. If a person feels uneasy to be indebted of someone , payback is necessary to achieve balance in the relationship.2．Interpretation refers to attaching meaning to sense data. The same situation can be interpreted quite differently by diverse people. The effect of culture is great. Applying these same cues to someone from another culture may not work. So people in the United States frequently err in guessing the age of Japanese individuals, such as judging a Japanese college student in mid-20s to be only 14 or 15.3．The distinctive process of preparing Chinese cuisine is based on Confucius and his philosophy fan and chai of balance. There is a division between fan, Chinese for grains and other starch foods, and chai vegetable and meat dishes. A balanced meal must have an appropriate amount of fan and chai.第三套：1. This case reflects one of the barriers to the effective intercultural communication----assuming similarity instead of difference. The Danish woman had assumed that Copenhagen is similar to New York, that what is commonly done in Copenhagen is also commonly done in New York.2. The reason why some people attribute sensible midday siestas in hot climates to laziness is that they negatively judge aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own culture. This case reflects one of the barriers----- ethnocentrism.第四套：1 This case can reflect one of reasons for the persistence of prejudice--- socialization. Prejudicesare learned. Many prejudices are passed on from parents to children.2 The group’s stereotype of a lesbian influenced what they recalled having read. Stereotypes also impede communication when they cause us to assume that a widely held belief is true of any one individual. For example, if a group is stereotyped as dishonest, that does not mean that any on individual in that group is dishonest.3．This case can reflect one nonverbal communication category ---Proxemics. How much space we each want between ourselves and others depends on our cultural learning, our upbringing in our families, the specific situation, and our relationship with the people to whom we’re talking. The physical distance we want between ourselves and others does vary from culture to culture. 4. This case reflects one nonverbal communication category---Haptics. Haptics is communicating by touch. Touch can communicate a wide variety of messages. The meaning of touch depends on the kind of touch (hard, gentle, etc.) and the context. Different societies have different norms fortouching. These rules determine the kinds of touching that are appropriate for certain situations and social relationships.第五套：1. This case can reflect the lack of idiomatic equivalence between two cultures is a barrier to successful translation. 2 Language that are different often lack words that are directly translatable. This leads to the lack of vocabulary equivalence, which is one of the causes of translation problems.第六套：1．This case can reflect the differences between individualist culture and collectivist culture. Cultures characterized by collectivism emphasize relationships among people to a greater degree. Collectivist cultures stress interdependent activities and suppressing individual aims for the group’s welfare.2 This case can reflect the feature of high uncertainty avoidance cultures. Cultures strong in uncertainty avoidance are active, aggressive, emotional, compulsive, security seeking, and intolerant.3．Equality is an important cultural myth in the United States. The U.S. legal system promises equal treatment. It is popularly said that everyone should be treated equally. Everyone should have the same opportunity to work hard and succeed.4．In the United States, time is viewed as a commodity. Such phrases as “time is money,”“how much time do you have?”“ don’t waste time,” and “budget your time” are common. When time is thought of as a commodity, one needs to be constantly aware of it.第七套：1 This case can reflect the key to the diffusion and convergence processes across cultures isadaptation of the message to the receiving cultural. The key is to adapt to the local cultural, localize thinking, localize the product, and localize the marketing strategy.2 The introduction or rejection of an innovation has consequences for a society. All the parts of a culture are interrelated. One change can have repercussions in other areas. Not all of those consequences can be anticipated.3．(1) In this example, General Mac Arthur provided the opinion leadership and Dr. Deming was the change agent.(2) Because quality circles did not fit in well with the dominant U.S value of individualism.第八套：1. It’s the first stage of culture shock: “honeymoon stage” or initial euphoria.2. It’s the second stage of culture shock: disintegration of familiar cues and irritation hostility with the differences experienced in the new culture.3.This is one example of the differences between U.S. and Vietnamese cultures. Misunderstandings about folk medicine practiced by Vietnamese refugees have led to charges of child abuse and at least one suicide. Understanding of the cultural differences could help prevent further unfortunate incidents like this.4. After the eighth grade, Amish children may continue education at home on the farm to learn the practical skills of providing for family and community. Further education is discouraged as it instills feelings of superiority that would lead to placing the needs of the self over those of the community. So this example shows that the Amish people live separately from the dominant culture and maintain their own cultural identity.第九套：1 From these advertisements, we can discover that marketing to the Hispanic community involveds not only language and images that mean something to the buyer but also cultural traditions and valures. And the larger advertisers have learned that the Hispanic culture is not one culture but many.2. This study showed that Spanish language was the most important factor in reaching the Hispanic audience.3. Leslie Zhueng belonged to different subgroups and had various subgroup identities. According to region, he was a Hong Kong resident. According to occupation, he was a singer and actor. According to economic status, he was rich. And according to sexual orientation, he was a gay.4. Cooperate culture is a form of subgroup culture. Cooperate culture provides members in the organization a set of values and patterns of behavior. Like cultures, corporate culture has its own heroes, rituals, media and values.第十套：1. In the heterosexual White male dominant culture in the United States, women, ethnic group members, minorities groups and homosexual people often experience discrimination in employment activities.2. A new immigrant may experience culture shock when he enters into the United States. Cultural shock is psychological reaction, which naturally happens when a person enters into a new culture. There are certain syndromes at each period of culture shock.。
《跨文化交际》考试试题(附答案)
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical piano concert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationships in China.8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received thenews that her husband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations. Paper 3 TranslationTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication. Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world asone in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Take the word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?' Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here 'postman’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English! Answer the following questions according to the above text:15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings havesurprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
跨文化交际课程期末考试资料
跨文化交际课程期末考试资料1. privacyprivacy: It could be understood as the right of an individual to self-determination as to the degree to which the individual is willing to share with others information about himself that may be compromised by unauthorized exchange of such information among other individuals or organizations.2.collectivist cultureCollectivist cultures place little value on individual identity and great value on group identity. They have been labeled as “we” cultures because basic unit is thein-group or collective.3. culture shockculture shock：It is a psychological phenomenon that is experienced most often by those who, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, in the process of adjusting themselves to a new culture. Culture shock refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture4.Non-verbal communicationIt refers to communication through a whole variety of different types of signal come into play, including the way we more, the gestures we employ, the posture we adopt, the facial expression we wear, the direction of our gaze, to the extent to which we touch and the distance we stand from each other.5. IndividualismIndividualism refers to the doctrine that the interests of the individual are or ought to be paramount, and that all values, right, and duties originate in individuals. It emphasizes individual initiative, independence，individual expression, and even privacy.6.Assimilation is the degree to which an individual relinquishes an original culture for another .when individuals are assimilated into a mainstream culture,they lose their previous culture.7. NormsNorms are culturally ingrained principles of correct and incorrect behaviors which, if broken carry a form of overt or covert penalty.8身势语行为Kinesics：is the term used for communicating through various types of body movements including facial expressions,gestures,posture and stance ,and other mannerisms that may accompany or replace oral messages.9.Subculture are formed by groups of people possessing characteristic traits that set apart and distinguish them from others within a larger society or dominant culture.10. ParalanguageParalanguage refers to the rate ,pitch and volume qualities of the voice,which interrupt or temporarily take the place of speech and affect the meaning of a message11.proxemics refers to the perception and use of space including territoriality and personal space.12.跨文化能力intercultural competence:refers to the ability to understand and adapt to the target culture;in another word,it refers to the sensitivity to cultural diversity,i.e,the ablity to behavein an appropriate way and to regulate one’s communication and interaction according to the context13.uncertainty avoidance deals with a society’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity ;it ultimately refers to man’s search for truth.是关于一个社会对不确定性和模棱两可的容忍程度。
英语专业跨文化交际试题
英语专业跨⽂化交际试题试卷代号：1028中央⼴播电视⼤学2006—2007学年度第⼆学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业跨⽂化交际试题2007年7⽉注意事项⼀、将你的学号、姓名及分校(⼯作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。
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Information for the Examinees:This examination consists of three sections. These are:Section I: Language Appropriacy and Accuracy (30 points)Section Ⅱ: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section Ⅲ: Communication Analysis (40 points)The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this examination is 90 minutes.Section I: Language Appropriacy and Accuracy [30 points]lnstructions: There are altogether 15 statements below. You are offered four choices marked with A, B, C, and D for each statement. Choose the most appropriate one and put it on the Answer Sheet.1. He said the government would not allow anyone to do something secretly andunofficially and seize power by force.A. sneak in by the back doorB. do the doakeyworkC. knock on the doorD. beat a path to someone's door2. She gave me a black look.A. looked at me blindlyB. looked at me happilyC. looked at nle madly D, looked at nle angrily3. Fie moonlights two other jobs though, his accounts are still in the --A. red B, blackC. greenD. pink4. To her, translating from French to Dutch is --A. a dealB. a piece of cakeC. a willD. a cake5. The English equivalent for the Chinese phrase "吹⽜" will be___A. talk bullB. blow wolfC. blow bullD. talk horse6. We've been in a confused situation this week.A. at sixes and sevensB. at sevens and eightsC. in a messD. at a lost7. He's extremely shy and withdrawn, though it may be that --A. still waters run very deepB. a wise man plays a foolC. a wise man plays footballD. deep waters run no wave8. One day, out of the blue, his long lost daughter appeared in the street, armed with a blond gentleman.A. dressed in blueB. very happilyC. unexpectedlyD. very sadly9. Why is it so difficult for the Democrats to __ on the issue of mismanaging the econorny?A. go for the earB. go for the cheekC. go for the eyeD. go for the jugular10. This young Italian-born dancer is the person who is expected to bring success to the Royal Ballet.A. the white hopeB. the red hopeC. the green hopeD. the black hope11. Today, Lisa told me that she got out of the bed on the wrong side.A. forgot which was lhe right sideB. was in bad moodC. bad a bad dreamD. had a bad luck12. "I don't bare money to fight him. These people are all the time in court, anyway."Philip says. "But and I have lots of patience."A. every dog has its dayB. every dog is fortunateC. every cat is luckyD. every cat has its day13. Al "Stuart says some really strange things sometimes."B: "Sometimes? All the time! He's nuts!"A. crazyB. foolishC. funnyD. stubborn14. Though it's raining eats and dogs, he kept standing in the rain for one hour withouta word.A. it's raining heavilyB. there were so many eats and dogs aroundC, it's stormingD. it's windy heavily15. The English equivalent for Chinese proverb "杀鸡给猴看" is --A. beat the cat before the lionB, kill the dog to frighten the tigerC. kill the chicken to frighten the monkeyD. heat the dog be{ore the lionSection Ⅱ: Reading Comprehension [30 points]Part 1: Questions 16--20 are based on this part. (1,5 points)Read Passage I and then answer Questions 16 g0 briefly. Write your answers on the Ahswer Sheet.Passage 1In order to be skillful in cross-cultural communication, managers ust have knowledgeof each culture they are dealing with. Ethics come into playing a big part of cross-euhural communication. What is considered unethical or illegal in the U. S. may not Be considered the same with other cultures.Americans tend to be legalistic and adversarial. They defend themselves with legally binding contracts, which is not only tolerated by Americans, but they consider it an essental business practice. However, the Japanese do not follow this practice. In Japan, they ro business with people the Japanese know and trust, rarely using the law to handle conflicts between the two parties. One American firm arrived iu Japan to negotiate a ioint venture with a contract in their hands. In the first meeting, the Americans put the 50-page conlrac; in front of the twelve Japanese negotiators. The meeting took the entire afternoon and no:it of the Japanese negotiators opened the contracts and they only talked about general busiiess conditions in both countries. After the meeting, the Americans could not get the ]apanese to the negotiating table again and had to leave the country empty-handed. The Japanese now having the contract at the first meeting rude and decided not to do business with such an inept firm.Another example is of an American firm trying to get an acceptable price for their product from a Japanese buyer. The Americans presented a very detailed presentation rna offered what they felt was a reasonable price. After a few moments of silence, the Americans thought the Japanese were going to reject the offer so they lowered the price. There was more silence by the Japanese. The Americans then said they would lower their price one hsi time and that this was the lowest they could go. The Japanese accepted this offer after a Brief silence. The Japanese later said the first price was within an acceptable range, but it was their custom to consider the proposal silently before giving their decision. The Americans lost a lot of profit by jumping the gun and believing the Japanese respond just llke otherAmericans.16. What is the main idea of the opening paragraph?17. In the first exampie,why did the Americans fail in the negotiation?18. What does the first example illustrate?19. In the second example, why did the Americans lower the first price?2O. What is the Japanese custonl in accepting an offer?Part 2: Questions 21--25 are based on this part. (15 points)Read Passage 2 and then decide whether Statements 21--25 are True or False according to tile information given in tile passage. Write "T" for true and "F" for false on the Answer Sheet.Passage 2Culture is shaped by attitudes learned in childhood and later internalized in adulthood.As we enter this current period of globalization and multieulturalism, we should expect to make adjustments and adopt new attitudes.Rules, values, and attitudes of a culture are not inherent. They are learned and passed down from generation to generation. For example, in many Middle Eastern and some Asian cultures, same-sex people may walk with hand-in-hand in the street, but opposite-sex people may not do so. In Arab cultures conversations are often held in close proximity, sometimes nose to nose. Bul in western cultures if a person stands too close, one may react as ifviolated: "He ;vas all over me like a rash." Cultural rules of behavior learned from yourfamily and society are conditioned from early childhood.The rules in any culture originated to reinforce that culture's values and beliefs. Theyact as normative forces. For example, in Japan the original barbie doll was a failure for many reasons, one of which was her toothy smite. Japan is a country where women cover theirmouths with their hands when they laugh so as not to expose their teeth. Exposing one'steeth is not only immodest but also aggressive. Although current cultural behavior may sometimes seem silly and illogical, nearly all serious rules and values originate in deep seared beliefs. Rules about exposing teeth or how close to stand are linked to values about sexuality, aggression, modesty, and respect. Acknowledging the inherent logic of a cultureis extremely important when learning to accept behavior that differs from one's own cultural behavior. Culture is the basis for how we tell the world, who we are and what we beLieve. Peoplebuild their identities through cultural overlays to their primary culture. North Americans,for example, make choices in education, career, place of employment, and life partner. Each o~ these choices Brings with it a set of rules, manners, ceremonies, hellefs, language, and values. They add to one's total cultural outlook, and they represent major expressions of a person's self-identity.To outsiders, the way we act those things that we do in daily life and work -- is the most visible parts of our culture. In Japan, for instance, harmony with the environment is important. Thus, when attending a flower show, a woman would wear a dress with pastelrather than primary colors to avoid detracting from the beauty of the flowers. And in India people avoid stepping on ants or insects Because they believe in reincarnation and are careful about all forms of life. These practices are outward symbols of deeper values that areinvisible but that pervade everything we think and do.2l,. In Western cultures conversations are often held in close proximity.Z2. Cultural rules of behavior are conditioned {rom early childhood.23. Exposing one's teeth is immodest according to the Japanese culture.24. North Americans choose their life partners based on a set of rules, manners andvalues.25. It is the visible values of culture that pervade everything we think and do.Section {][I: Communication Analysis [40 points]Instructions: The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding in each case by answering Questions 26 28 respectively. Your analysis of each case should be 100 150 words. Write your answerson the Answer Sheet.Note! Your writing ability will also be assessed in this section of the test.Case 1 (10 points)I have an American friend. I have invited him to my home several times, and at long lasthe invited me to his home one day. He told me to get there at 3 pm. I thought we could chat and have a meal together. I gave him a Chinese calendar, a woman's scarf and a bottle of Chinese white wire:. He only took out a dish of nuts, a plate of bread and a boule of wine.After two hour's chat, I found there was no hint of a meal and said goo&bye to him. Heonly gave me a box of chocolate as a present for the New Year. After I got home, I found the box had already been opened. 1 was very surprised.Question 26: What surprised me?Case 2 (15 points)Tom, an American, went to a Chinese home for the first time. He was offered some tea. Just when the first cup was about to finish, more tea was added. He drank the secondcup. Then the cup was filled the third time. Then he drank it, then "' until he was quitefull. Tom was totally confused by the way o{ entertaining.Question 27: Why was Tom totally confused?Case 3 (15 points)Study the following two short speeches. One is given by a Hong Kong Chinese and the other by an American businessman.A. Because most of our production is done in China now, and it's not really certain howHong Kong will be like after 1997, and since I think a certain amount of caution incommitting to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense. So, I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legeo makes its decision.B. I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision.That's because I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement isnecessary because of the expense. In addition to that, most of our production is done ir,China now, and it's not really certain how Hong Kong will be like after 1997.Question 28:Which speech might be given by the Chinese and which by the American? Give your reasons.试卷代号：1028中央⼴播电视⼤学2006—2007学年度第⼆学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业跨⽂化交际试题答案及评分标准(供参考)2007年7⽉Section I: Language Appropriacy and Accuracy (30 points, 2 points each. )1. A2. D3. .A4. B 5, D6. A7. A 8, C 9, D 10. A11. B 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. DSection ]]: Reading Comprehension [30 points]Part 1.15 points, 3 points each. 0.5 point off for each grammar/spelling mistake, but at most! point can be deducted for each item for tile grammar/spelling mistakes. The exact wording is not required, but the meaning must be the same. )16. In order to be skillful in cross cultural communication, managers must haveknowledge of each culture they are dealing with,17. The Japanese saw having the contract at the first meeting rude and decided not to dobusiness with such an inept firm.18, Americans defend themselves with legally binding contracts while the Japanese do business with people they know and trust, rarely using the law to handle conflicts between Ihe two parties.19. Because the Americans thought the Japanese were going to reject the offer.20. Consider the proposal silently before giving their decision.Part 2. (15 points, 3 points each. )21. F gg.T 23. T 24. T 25. FSection m: Communication Analysis [40 points]Question 26.Case 1 (10 points, 7 points for the analysis, 3 points for overall language quality. )1)In China, a visit to home always includes a meal. And the guest always brings arelatively rich present to the host. And the present should be well wrapped or untouched.2)In the west, a visit to home only means a meeting, not necessarily including a meal.And the present is treated not as important as it is in China.3)1 acted in a way that was based on Chinese customs, so I felt the American way wasvery interesting (unusual).Question 27.Case 2 (15 points, 10 points for the analysis, 5 points for overall language quality. )1)Traditional Chinese custom requires that during tile course of entertaining, the hosthas to always pour more wine or tea to the guest's glass or cup, and always adds more food to the guest's plate or bowl without asking whether it's wanted.2)Chinese guests know how to respond to this type of hospitality. They simply leave thewine, tea, or food in the container and stop having any more. But Tom, the American guest in the case didn't know this. 3) He followed the politeness rule of his culture: it's not good manners to leave food inone's own plate at a dinner table. Therefore, without any knowledge of the differencesbetween the two cultures, an Ameriean guest would very likely suffer from either drinking or eating too much in such a situation.Question 28.Case 3 (15 points, 10 points for the analysis, 5 points for overall language quality. )1)The message of the two versions is the same but the way it is expressed is different.)The first speech is made by the Chinese. Even though the words and sentences of the speaker are quite clear, it does not seem quite clear what the speaker's main point is.3)The second is wha! the Western people might expect.4)The reason lies in the different discourse patterns between Chinese and English. Thedeductive (topic-first) pattern is prevalent in the West. The Chinese and other Asians favor the inductive (topic delayed) pattern. The Western people are in the habit of directly expressing their ideas, while the Chinese employ an indirect way when presenting theirideas.。
05级跨文化交际试卷1
05级跨文化交际试卷1Achievement Test for Intercultural Communication Course(05’CE-R1-a, July 2007) (Paper One, Type A)Part I. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this section there are two passages. Read each of them carefully and then answer each question at the end of each passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 1-3 are based on the following passage:In China, it is the parents, usually the father, who make all important decisions for the children. It is the father, for example, who will usually make decisions concerning what and where the children should study. This is in marked contrast to Australian families where children play an increasingly important role in deciding such matters as they grow older. This independence is also shown in the Australian custom of children leaving home to live independently of their parents long before marriage. There are few if any opportunities for young people to set up independently in this fashion in China. Indeed, the Australian practice in this regard can be seen from a Chinese perspective to indicate that Australians do not care about their families.Australian children are more likely to be expected to work while they are studying than their Chinese counterparts. This can also apply to household chores, with Chinese parents expecting their offspring to devote their time to their studies. Children may be excused such duties right up to marriage, so that married life can sometimes come as a rude awakening to the need to cook and clean.Whereas in Australia students may work during the holidays or part-time during term, such activity is rare in China. The situation has changed somewhat since the end of the 1980s, with some students taking work as tutors or providing various services such as dressmaking. But the initial public reaction was one of shock. It is then, still viewed as primarily the parents’ responsibility to support their children while they are pursuing their education. Money spent in this way is under no circumstances regarded as a loan, to be repaid when the children finish their education and have secured a job. University students in Australia also receive financial assistance from their parents and there is in some families an understanding that this will be repaid once they are financially independent. To many Chinese this may smack( 带有……味道)of lack of love and family feeling.The Australian emphasis on fostering independence in children from an early age runs counter to the Chinese view. Chinese children are not expected to be autonomous of their families to the same extent, with dependence on parents up to the time they are married. Dependence is the inevitable corollary and not something to be shed as soon as possible but the expression of strong family bonds of affection.1. According to the passage, who, the Australian children or the Chinese children, make important decisions for themselves as they grow older?2. What might we Chinese think of the Australian practice of letting children live independently?3. In Australia, no children are expected to pay back the money loaned by their parents for their university education. Please decide whether this statement is True or False.Passage TwoQuestions 4-5 are based on the following passage:A culture can also be understood as a particular way to satisfy our human needs.All human beings have certain basic needs. Everyone of us needs to eat and to make friends, for instance. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist, has suggested that people all over the world share five basic needs:1). The physiological needs --- Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive, things such as food, water, air, rest, clothing, shelter, and all necessary to sustain life. These needs come first. We must meet them or we will die.2). The safety needs --- First we need to stay alive, and then we need to be safe. There are two kinds of safety needs: the need to be physically safe and the need to be psychologically secure. That is why various insurance programs are becoming increasingly popular nowadays.3). The belongingness needs --- Once we are alive and safe, we then try to satisfy our social needs, the needs to be with and accepted by other people. For example, the need for friendship is universal.4). The esteem needs --- These are needs for recognition, respect, reputation. The needs involve self-esteem (thinking well of ourselves) and the esteem of others. Efforts to achieve, to accomplish, and to master things and people are often efforts to gain respect and attention from others and from ourselves.5). The self-actualization needs --- The highest need of a person is to actualize oneself, to reach one’s full potential, to become all that he or she might be. No one ever satisfies this need completely, partly because we are too busy trying to satisfy our lower needs.According to Maslow, people satisfy those needs in the order mentioned above.A good way to visualize the order is to think of a pyramid. People are always trying to climb the pyramid. You have to climb over the first step before you can get to the second. You must pass the second before you reach the third, and so on.Though the basic human needs are often said to be universally the same, people all over the world satisfy these needs in different ways. Each culture offers its people a number of options for satisfying any particular human need. Some of these options are widely shared across cultures, but many others are not. Just as Maslow has stated, ends in themselves are far more universal than the roads taken to achieve those ends since the roads are determined locally in the specific culture.4. Do you agree that our lower needs always have to be satisfied before we can try to satisfy the higher needs? Why or why not?5. Why do people all over the world satisfy those five basic needs in different ways?Part II. Situational Dialogues (10%)Directions: Complete the following dialogues by choosing the best answer. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6. Rob: H ey Jill, you’re looking great.Jill: Thanks, Rob. ______________Rob: Well, you did it. How?Jill: I jog every morning, and I go to aerobics（增氧健身法）every other day.A. I bought this dress yesterday. Really smart.B. You are looking fine too.C. I’m recovering fine too.D. My New Year’s resolution was to get in shape.7. Bob: Hi Jane. How are you?Jane: ____________ I didn’t sleep a wink last night. The people next door were making a lot of noise again till very late at night.A. I’m feeling a bit out of sorts this morning.B. Fine, thank you. And you?C. I slept like a log and didn’t want to get out of bed.D. It seems a bit unusual, you know.8. Ann: Aah! He’s gorgeous! Look at those big, golden paws. When did you ge t him?Roger: Yesterday. _____________Ann: Oh, right. What kind is she?Roger: A Labrador.A. Susan’s got a more beautiful one.B. What’s up?C. It’s a she actually.D. Isn’t it right?9. Tina: Wow, look at all the things on sales. ____________Andrew: Yes. Look, this shirt is 50% off.Tina: And look at these shoes. They are 30% off the normal price.A. I’d like to buy a shirt.B. There are some real bargains.C. Are the prices reasonable?D. These shoes are the same as mine.10. Customs Officer: _____________Mrs. Johnson: No, nothing at all.Customs Officer: No perfume, alcohol or cigarettes?Mrs. Johnson: Well, I have 200 cigarettes; that’s all.A. Do you have anything in the bag, ma’am?B. Do yo u have anything to declare, ma’am?C. Do you want to buy something, ma’am?D. Is there anything I can do for you, ma’am?11. Linda: Hello. I’d like to send this package, please.Clerk: ______________Linda: First class. How long will that take?Clerk: About three days.A. How would you like to send it?B. Which class are you in?C. Where do you want to send it to?D. Which class is it in?12. James: Could I have my bill, please? Can I pay by credit card or eurocheque? Receptionist: _____________James: I’ll pay by credit card, then.Receptionist: That’s fine. I hope you enjoyed your stay here.A. Here’s your bill.B. Sorry, we don’t take credit card.C. You can pay by eurocheque.D. Yes, we take both.13. Stan: Thank you from the bottom of my heart for saving my little girl’s life. John: ______________Stan: I can’t tell you how much I appreciate what you’ve done.John: I’m just happy I could help.A. There’s nothing to be afraid of.B. This is a wonderful day.C. Anybody would have done the same.D. I am glad to save her.14. Harry: I hear you are going to get married soon.Ron: That’s right, next June. June 21st. Can you come to the wedding? Harry: Oh! _____________ That’s when we’re away on vacation.Ron: Never mind we’ll send you some wedding cake.A. That’s great!B. What a pity!C. You have my deepest sympathy.D. You certainly can.15. Karen: I’m not optimistic about finding a job after I finish college.Joseph: Oh? Why not?Karen: The economy is going downhill-fast.Joseph: I know. ___________ It’s getting to the point where even a degree won’t help you anymore.Karen: That’s right. And I’ll be lucky to even move out of my parents’ house.A. My friend could offer me a job.B. I am not sure where I agree or not.C. How do you feel about the economy?D. What is this world coming to?Part III. Translation from English into Chinese or the Other Way Round(20%)Directions: Put the first five into Chinese and another five into English and then write your translation on the Answer Sheet.16. God helps those who help themselves._______________________________________________________________ __17. As you sow, so you reap._______________________________________________________________ __18. Many hands make light work._______________________________________________________________ __19. Action speak loader than words._______________________________________________________________ __20. Difficulties in intercultural communication arise when there is no awarenessof different cultural values and beliefs._________________________________________________________________21. 红白喜事_________________________________________________________________22. 鸡皮疙瘩________________________________________________________________23. 小菜一碟________________________________________________________________24. 受青睐的人_________________________________________________________________25. 凡人皆有得意日。
跨文化交际导论期末试题B卷
1 s2 m3 q4 k5 j6 t7 o8 n9e 10 p11 h 12 a 13 l 14 c 15 r 16 d 17i 18g 19 b 20 f1 Interpretation refers to attaching meaning to sense data. The same situation can be interpreted quite differently by diverse people. The effect of culture is great. Applying these same cues to someone from another culture may not work. So people in the United States frequently err in guessing the age of Japanese individuals, such as judging a Japanese college student in mid-20s to be only 14 or 15.2 This case can reflect the differences between individualist culture and collectivist culture. Cultures characterized by collectivism emphasize relationships among people to a greater degree. Collectivist cultures stress interdependent activities and suppressing individual aims for the group’swelfare.3 This case can reflect the lack of idiomatic equivalence between two cultures is a barrier to successful translation. Language that are different often lack words that are directly translatable. This leads to the lack of vocabulary equivalence, which is one of the causes of translation problems.1. In the direct style, associated with individualism, the wants, needs, and desires of the speaker are embodied in the spoken message. In the indirect style, associated with collectivism, the wants, needs, and goals of the speaker are not obvious in the spoken message.2Translation problems usually arise when communicators speak different languages and hold different cultures. They are the lack of vocabulary equivalence, the lack of idiomatic equivalence, the lack of grammatical- syntactical equivalence, lack of experiential equivalence, the lack of conceptual equivalence.3. The use of silence in communication is different from culture to culture. Silence can communicate agreement, apathy, awe, confusion, contemplation, disagreement, embarrassment, obligation, regret, repressed hostility, respect, sadness, thoughtfulness, or any number of meanings. In eastern cultures, silence has long been regarded as a virtue. While in western cultures, silence has generally been considered socially disagreeable. To most people in the United States, silence means lack of attention and lack of initiative. To the Chinese, silence means agreement.假如你不了解另一种文化，在交际过程中就会很容易出现假定一致性。
2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题...
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年 11.
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2005-2006 学年春季学期大学英 语跨文化交际课程期末试题...
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2005-2006 学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题（A 卷）
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跨文化交际试题
跨文化交际试题(总15页) -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除跨文化交际试题中央广播电视大学2002—2003学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业跨文化交际试题注意事项一、将你的准考证号、学生证号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。
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Paper 1 Listening Test (15 points)Information for candidates:●There are two parts to the test and you will hear each part twice.●There will be a pause before each Fart to allow you to Look through the questions and other pauses to let you think about your answers.●Write your answers in the spaces indicated in the test paper.●You will have ten minutes at the end of the listening test totrall5fer your answers to the answer sheet.Part 1 A Discussion (8 points)You are going to listen to a discussion between two people on a particular topic. You will hear it twice. Answer the following questions during and after your listening. You would do your best to answer questions 1-2 after the first listening. and then answer questions 3-8 after the second listening.Choose the best answer according to what you learn from the discussion:1. The two r3eoPle are discussing .A. Shakespeare and trustB. Oriental facial featuresC. European facial expressionsD. People and facial masks2. Which of the following lists contains a culture NOT mentioned in the discussion?A. American; Japanese; ItalianB. Spanish; Romanian; ChineseC. British; Japanese; SpanishD. British; Chinese; Italian3. A person who is "poker faced" is one who .A. is emotionally unstableB. lacks emotional feelingsC. doesn"t show emotionsD. plays cards very well4. Confucian ideology seems to emphasize .A. social harmonyB. oriental culturesC. joy and sadnessD. organized obedience5. Displays of emotion are NOT common amongst .A. JapaneseB. ItaliansC. AmericansD. Spaniards6. Self-image seems to be most important to .A. Americans and JapaneseB. Americans and EuropeansC. Chinese and EuropeansD. Chinese and Japanese7. British men and women have .A. similar emotional expressionsB. different emotional expressionsC. stiff upper lipsD. poker faces8. Non-verbal signals often reflect .A. cultural impressionsB. feelings of the countryC. country and cultureD. cultural societiesPart 2 A Lecture (7 points)You will hear part of a lecture by a visiting foreign scholar about American friendships. As you listen, answer questions 9-15.The sentences below summarize the main points of the lecture. Listen carefully and write in the words used by the lecturer to fill the gaps in the sentences.9. The lecturer says that the development of a really deep friendship depends on .10. A "best friend" type of friendship between people of the same sex generally revolves around similar recreational activities , general philosophical agreement, and .11. When friends are apart for some time it doesn"t take long for the friends to once again resume an relationship.12. When friends tell lies and expect their "friends" to support them in their lies this produces because of individuals’ values and beliefs.13. Americans sometimes rend to best friends.14. Casual friends are not expected to trouble themselves too much to give each other help or support. Only a "best friend" is expected to make to help someone who is In trouble.15. Overall there are many different types of friendships, which means that different friends have different from their friendships.***********************This is the end of the listeningtest********************Paper 2 Communication Analysis (30 points)The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 16 (10 points)Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China"s most famous dishes. You"ll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don"t like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 17 (10 points)Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don"t know where it went wrong!Tom, Don"t feel so bad. Cheer up, you"ve done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I"ll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children"s games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I"ve never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I"m playing the game.Feng Li: You say you"re playing the game! It"s a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 18 (10 points)Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical piano concert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.**************************This is the end of Paper2****************************Paper 3 Vocabulary (10 points)Choose one word or expression from those in the box below to fillthe gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in thespaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the words.19. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on adifferent.20. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it wasdecided he would .21. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.22. There are many different used when talking about people"s relationships in China.23. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."24. "Ok, the argument is over. Let"s forget it, you know."25. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .26. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.27. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she receivedthe news that her husband had left her for another woman.28. In China there is a real sense of in social situations.*************************This is the end of Paper 3*************************Paper 4 TranslationQuestion 29 (15 points)Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC" This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academicand applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter"with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learnthe basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level ofintercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication.**************************This is the end of Paper4**************************Paper 5 Reading (30 points)Passage 1 Questions 30-35 (16 points)In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play asecondary role. Take the word "chairman" for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in "man". In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of "chair" and "man". Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of " cup" and " board". In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m"n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as "chairperson" or "chair", so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; "Who is chair of the committee"Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as "postman", "fireman" and "policeman" with more clearly neutral terms such as "postal worker", fire-fighter" and "police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as "man in the street" and titles such as "Peking Man" What about those words where the male meaning of "man" is no longer dominant, such as "manhandle"To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that "Postal workers are to receive a pay increase." But "Has the postman been" would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here "postman’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English!Answer the following questions according to the above text:90. The general use of the word "man" added to English wordsindicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .31. Generally where language and sex are concerned inBritain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can"t make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious32. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word "chairman"33. What does the author argue for when the example "manhandle" is given?34. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?35. What is the author"s argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 36-44 (14 points)Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab"s executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically. "Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line"s research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft"s year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.36. Charles Schwab is a computer company.37. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.38. "Value Line" and "Zacks" have similar operating methods to Schwab.39. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.40. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.41. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of "Value Line".42. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.**************************This is the end of theTest**************************答案及评分标准Paper 1: Listening Test (15 points)Part 1 (8 points)●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.1. D2. B3. C4. A5. A6. D7. B8. CPart 2 (7 points)●One point for each item.●Ignore minor spelling mistakes.9. mutual trust10. compatibility11. intimate (intimacy)12. loyalty conflicts13. cars and valuable property14. sacrifices (sacrifice)15. expectationsPaper 2: Communication Analysis (30 points)●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 3: Vocabulary (10 points)●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.19. vocation 20. foot the bill21. grey areas 22. kin terms23. trouble and strife 24. live and let live25. white lies 26. buying a round27. below the belt 28. communityPaper 4: Translation (15 points)“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
大学英语跨文化交际 - 副本
A. AcculturationB. Deculturation
C. MarginalizationD. Assimilation
22.______ are somebarriers to effective intercultural communication.
A. AnxietyB. Assuming similarity instead of difference
C. EthnocentrismD. Stereotypes and prejudice
7._____ is the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication.
A. Context B. Source C. Receiver response D. Feedback
1.Which of the following practices is not acceptable in intercultural communication?_____
A.Attempting to stifle and ignore an organization’s culture diversity.
24.There are many kinds of time systems in the world, but twoof themare most important to international business. We call them_____ and _____.
05级跨文化交际试卷1
05级跨文化交际试卷105级跨文化交际试卷2Achievement Test for Intercultural Communication Course(05’CE-R2-a, July 2007) (Paper Two, Type A)Part I. Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: In this section there are two passages. Read each of them carefully and then answereach question at the end of each passage. Please write your answers on the AnswerSheet.Passage OneQuestions 1-3 are based on the following passage:People in low and high-context cultures tend to communicate differently with words. To Americans and Germans, words are very important, especially in contracts and negotiations.People in high-context cultures, on the other hand, place more emphasis on the surrounding context than on the words describing a negotiation. A Greek sees a contract as a formal statement announcing the intention to build a business for the future. The Japanese treat contracts as statements of intention, and they assume changes will be made as a project develops. The Mexican treat contracts as artisticexercises of what might be accomplished in an ideal world. They do not expect contracts to apply consistently in the real world. An Arab may be insulted by merely mentioning a contract; a man's word is morebinding(有约束力的).Americans tend to take words literally, while Latins enjoy playingon words and Arabs sometimes speak with extravagant or poetic figures of speech that may be misinterpreted if taken literally. Nigerians prefer a quiet, clear form of expression; and Germans tend to be direct but understated.In communication style, Americans value straightforwardness, are suspicious of evasiveness, and distrust people who might have a "hidden agenda" or who "play their cards too close to the chest." Americans also tend to be uncomfortable with silence and impatient with delays. Some Asian businesspeople have learned that the longer they drag out negotiations, the more concessions impatient Americans are likely to make.Western cultures have developed languages that use lettersdescribing the sounds of words. But Asian languages are based on pictographical characters representing the meanings of words. Asian language characters are much more complex than the Western alphabet; therefore, Asians are said to have a higher competence in the discrimination of visual patterns.North Americans consider time a precious commodity to be conserved. They correlate time with productivity, efficiency, and money. Keeping people waiting for business appointments wastes time and is also rude.In other cultures, time may be perceived as an unlimited and never-ending resource to be enjoyed. An American businesswoman, for example, was kept waiting two hours past a scheduled appointment time in South America. She wasn't offended, though, because she was familiar with Hispanics' more relaxed concept of time.Although Asians are punctual, their need for deliberation and contemplation(仔细考虑)sometimes clashes with our desire for speedy decisions. They do not like to rush. A Japanese businessperson considering the purchase of American appliances, for example, asked for five minutes to consider the seller's proposal. The potential buyer --- the Japanese, resumed his arms, sat back, and closed his eyes in concentration. A scant 18 seconds later, the American resumed his sales pitch to the obvious bewilderment of the Japanese buyer.Is American culture low context or high context? 1.2. To what kind of people is the surrounding context more important than the wordsdescribing a negotiation?3. What have some Asian businesspeople learned about their American negotiation partners?Passage TwoQuestions 4-5 are based on the following passage:A culture can also be understood as a particular way to satisfy our human needs.All human beings have certain basic needs. Everyone of us needs to eat and to make friends, for instance. Abraham Maslow, a psychologist, has suggested that people all over the world share five basic needs:1). The physiological needs --- Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive, things such as food, water, air, rest, clothing, shelter, and all necessary to sustain life. These needs come first. We must meet them or we will die.2). The safety needs --- First we need to stay alive, and then we need to be safe. There are two kinds of safety needs: the need to be physically safe and the need to be psychologically secure. That is why various insurance programs are becoming increasingly popular nowadays.3). The belongingness needs --- Once we are alive and safe, we then try to satisfy our social needs, the needs to be with and accepted by other people. For example, the need for friendship is universal.4). The esteem needs --- These are needs for recognition, respect, reputation. The needs involve self-esteem (thinking well of ourselves) and the esteem of others. Efforts to achieve, to accomplish, and tomaster things and people are often efforts to gain respect and attention from others and from ourselves.5). The self-actualization needs --- The highest need of a person is to actualize oneself, to reach one’s full potenti al, to become all that he or she might be. No one ever satisfies this need completely, partly because we are too busy trying to satisfy our lower needs.According to Maslow, people satisfy those needs in the order mentioned above. A good way to visualize the order is to think of a pyramid. People are always trying to climb the pyramid. Youhave to climb over the first step before you can get to the second. You must pass the second before you reach the third, and so on.Though the basic human needs are often said to be universally the same, people all over the world satisfy these needs in different ways. Each culture offers its people a number of options for satisfying any particular human need. Some of these options are widely shared across cultures, but many others are not. Just as Maslow has stated, ends in themselves are far more universal than the roads taken to achieve those ends since the roads are determined locally in the specific culture.4 Do you agree that our lower needs always have to be satisfied before we can try tosatisfy the higher needs? Why or why not?5. Why do people all over the world satisfy those five basic needs in different ways?Part II. Situational Dialogues (10%)Directions: Complete the following dialogues by choosing the best answer. Then write thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6. Linda: Hello. I’d like to send this package, please.Clerk: ______________Linda: First class. How long will that take?Clerk: About three days.A. How would you like to send it?B. Which class are you in?C. Where do you want to send it to?D. Which class is it in?7. James: Could I have my bill, please? Can I pay by credit card or eurocheque?Receptionist: _____________James: I’ll pay by credit card, then.Reception ist: That’s fine. I hope you enjoyed your stay here.A. Here’s your bill.B. Sorry, we don’t take credit card.C. You can pay by eurocheque.D. Yes, we take both.8. Stan: Thank you from the bottom of my heart for saving my little girl’s life.John: ______________Stan: I can’t tell you how much I appreciate what you’ve done.John: I’m just happy I could help.A. There’s nothing to be afraid of.B. This is a wonderful day.C. Anybody would have done the same.D. I am glad to save her.9. Harry: I hear you are going to get married soon.st Ron: That’s right, next June. June 21. Can you come to the wedding?Harry: Oh! _____________ That’s when we’re away on vacation.Ron: Never mind we’ll send you some wedding cake.A. That’s great!B. What a pity!C. You have my deepest sympathy.D. You certainly can.10. Karen: I’m not optimistic about finding a job after I finish college.Joseph: Oh? Why not?Karen: The economy is going downhill-fast.Joseph: I know. ___________ It’s getting to the point where even a degree won’t help youanymore.Karen: That’s right. And I’ll be lucky to even move out of my parents’ house.A. My friend could offer me a job.B. I am not sure where I agree or not.C. How do you feel about the economy?D. What is this world coming to?11. Rob: Hey Jill, you’re looking great.Jill: Thanks, Rob. ______________Rob: Well, you did it. How?Jill: I jog every morning, and I go to aerobics(增氧健身法)every other day.A. I bought this dress yesterday. Really smart.B. You are looking fine too.C. I’m recovering fine too.D. My New Year’s resolution was to get in shape.12. Bob: Hi Jane. How are you?Jane: ____________ I didn’t sleep a wink last night. The people next door were making a lot ofnoise again till very late at night.A. I’m feeling a bit out of sorts this morning.B. Fine, thank you. And you?C. I slept like a log and didn’t want to get out of bed.D. It seems a bit unusual, you know. 13. Ann: Aah! He’s gorgeous! Look at those big, golden paws. When did you get him?Roger: Yesterday. _____________Ann: Oh, right. What kind is she?Roger: A Labrador.A. Susan’s got a more beautiful one.B. What’s up?C. It’s a she actually.D. Isn’t it right?14. Tina: Wow, look at all the things on sales. ____________Andrew: Yes. Look, this shirt is 50% off.Tina: And look at these shoes. They are 30% off the normal price.A. I’d like to buy a shirt.B. There are some real bargains.C. Are the prices reasonable?D. These shoes are the same as mine.15. Customs Officer: _____________Mrs. Johnson: No, nothing at all.Customs Officer: No perfume, alcohol or cigarettes?Mrs. Johnson: Well, I have 200 cigarettes; that’s all.A. Do you have anything in the bag, ma’am?B. Do you have anything to declare, ma’am?C. Do you want to buy something, ma’am?D. Is there anything I can do for you, ma’am?Part III. Translation from English into Chinese or the Other Way Round(20%)Directions: Put the first five into Chinese and another five into English and then write yourtranslation on the Answer Sheet.16. kill the goose that lays golden eggs_________________________________________________________________ 17. the “four tigers” of Asia_________________________________________________________________ 18. Many hands make light work._________________________________________________________________ 19. Action speak loader than words._________________________________________________________________ 20. Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, buthabits and customs keepthem apart._________________________________________________________________ 21. 如鱼得水_________________________________________________________________ 22. 红白喜事________________________________________________________________ 23. 小菜一碟________________________________________________________________ 24. 力大如牛_________________________________________________________________ 25. 学习跨文化交际既有趣又有用。
期末英语专业跨文化交际试题试题及参考答案
中央广播电视大学2003--2004学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业跨文化交际试题注意事项一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。
考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。
试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。
二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。
答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。
三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。
Information for the Examinees：This examination consists of FOUR sections. These are：Section I：Listening(20 points, 30 minutes)Section II：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy(30 points, 20minutes)Sectionlll：Reading Comprehension(20 points, 30 minutes)Section lV：Communication Analysis(30 points, 40 minutes)The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Timeallowed for competing this examination is 2 hours(1 20 minutes)allowed for completing this examination is hours (120 minutes).Section I：Listening [20 points]Instructions：Part 1：Questions 1-5 are based on this part . (10 points)You are going to listen to an interview. Then choose the best answer from A, B, C and D to answer each question . Write your answers on the Answer Sheet1. Concerning the issue of maternity, what ideas prevail among Chinese women?A . The modern concept .B . The traditional concept .C . The responsibility to the society. ’D The responsibility to the family2. According to the passage, raising children ----- .A is an unbearable burden to womenB . is a significant part of a woman' s lifeC . is the permanent task of womenD is the task 0f both a man and a woman3. Giving birth.A . brings great pleasure to womenB . differs men from women physically and spirituallyC . makes the women' s life completeD all the above4. Those oppose giving birth think that _______ .A giving birth is something rather primitiveB.women do not need to follow their mothers' ideasC.they are not educated and influenced to live with maternityD.giving birth is necessary for women5. According to the passage, which statement is true9.A.City dwellers have children to take care of them when they get 01c LB.Rural dwellers have children to give them emotional comfort.C.City dwellers have children to give them emotional comfort.D.Rural dwellers have children only to ensure the bloodline.Part 2：Questions 6-15 are based on this part. (10 points)You are going to listen to a lecture on celebrating diversity As you listen, fill in the blanks to complete Sentences 6—1 5 .Note：Only one word is necessary for each blank.6. Diversity ---- o ur lives .7. Cultural diversity brings together the resources and talents of many people for the benefit of all .8. Yet consider how ---- life would be if we all looked alike, thought alike, and acted alike!9. Together we can overcome ______ and intolerance and work towards a more peaceful andproductive world10. People may fear diversity simply because they are ________ to the way things used to beand change makes t hem uncomfortable11. Others may somehow feel ______ . because they perceive increased participation bytraditionally underrepresented groups in the workplace12. Education universalizes the human.13. The word university is to this idea .14. I believe that the ______ i s also true：if you lose a language, you lose a world .15. We can cross ______ a nd feel comfortable in other worlds .This is the end of the Listening TestSection II：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy [30 points]Instructions：There are altogether 1 5 statements below You are offered four choices marked withA,B,C,and D for each statement Choose the most appropriate one and write it on the Answer Sheet 16. Maybe it's asking too much Of you to follow the idea of 'love me love my dog’, but at least you should tolerate my love for jazz .A 10ve my dog as much as loving meB 10ve everything about me because you love meC . tolerate my love for jazz music like your tolerating my dogD . 10ve jazz music the same as you love my dog17. What a fabulous car- I'l very jealous.A . red with envyB blue with envyC green with envyD white with envy18. As a man with plenty of guts , he is the person who is expected to bring success to this company which is on the verge of bankruptcyA the great white hopeB the great red hopeC the great green hopeD the great black hope1 9 . He is always shooting his mouth off about how many VIPs he knows.A boastingB imagingC.telling lies aboutD.denying20.I’ m not surprised at the downfall of the President because of the promises he made before hecame into office turned out to be plans that are unlikely to be fulfilledA.Dutch courageB.fl piece of cakeC.the salt of the earthD.castles in the air21.These days Mr.. Smith looks anxious and restless. What happened?I heard his wife was in the family way this month.A. badly sickB．deadC．dyingD．pregnant22.“Well, “ said the Master, “if you won ' t listen to what I say , I refuse to be responsible for you and your examination chances.A. zip my lips ofB.wash hands ofC.1ick my boots ofD.sit at my feet of23.She is always hiding her light under a bushel when it comes to giving US her ideas. A．keeping ideas to herselfB．1eaving the office with her ideasC．telling everyone her bright ideasD. agreeing with others 'ideas24.It' s not easy to organize such a party, as everyone has his own likes and dislikes.A．every dog has his dayB．every tide has its ebbC．a clear conscience is a sure cardD. one man' s meat is another' s poison.25.When Greeks meet, then comes the tug of war.A.If too many people try to do, the same thing at the same time chaos will reign.B.Empty—headed persons are always the most talkative and noisy.C.There must be something better after every piece of unpleasantness.D.When two adversaries are of equal strength of character, the contest of wills is certain to be long and hard—fought.26.Which of the following statements are true of collectivist culture?A.Disclosure of private feeling is distasteful.B.People are suspicious of outsiders.C.Uniformity is not highly thought of.D.There is a positive attitude about words of disagreement27.. I can' t stand listening to jazz . It' s just ___ .A a storm in a tea cupB not my cup of teaC not for all the tea in ChinaD a cuppa28.. Which one in the following expressions is Not True?A . as wise as a fox . ’B as happy as a larkC as strong as a horseD as stupid as a goose29.Xiao wang was trying his best to explain the Chinese proverb "驴唇不对马嘴”to hisAmerican friend Bob. What he means is _________ .A.the donkey' s lip is not suitable to the horse' s mouthB.1eft right outC．out of left fieldD.1eft way out30.The 'ring' gesture is an insult in ________ .A.FranceB.the U. S. A.C.South AmericaD．TunisiaSectionlll：Reading Comprehension [20 points]Part 1：Questions 3 1-35 are based on this part. (10 points)Read Passage 1 and then answer Questions 3 1 ---------- 35 briefly. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet．Passage 1Proxemics is the Study of what governs how closely one person stands to another. People who feel close will be close, though the actual distances will vary between cultures. For Americans we can discern four main categories of distance：intimate, personal, social and public . Intimate distance ranges from direct Contact to about 45 centimeters. Beyond this comes personal stance. . This stands at between 45 and 80 Centimeters , It is the most usual distance maintained for conversations between friends and relatives o Social distance coversPeople who work together or are meeting at social gatherings Distances here tend to be kept between 1 . 3 to 2 meters . Beyond this comes Public distance, much as that between a lecturer and his audienceAll Cultures draw lines between what is an appropriate and what ills an inappropriate Social o t distance for different types of realty o unship They differ,however,in where they draw these lines . Look at an international reception with representatives from the U S. and Arabic countries, conversing and you will see the American pirouetting backward surround the hall pursued by their Arab partners The Americans wilt be trying to keep a distance between themselves and their partners—which they have grown used to and regard as "normal”. They probably will not even notice themselves trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their Arab partners whom they regard as being a bit” pushy". The Arabs, On the Other hand, coming from a cherisher, e much closer distance is the norm, may feel that the Americans are a little 'stand-offish' . Finding themselves happier standing close to and even touching those they are in conversation With,they will relentlessly pursue the Americans round the room trying to close the distance between themThe appropriateness of physical contact varies between different cultures 0ne study 0f the number of times people converse in coffee shops over a one—hour period showed the following interesting variations：London, 0；Florida, 2；Paris, 10；and Puerto Rico 18b . Not only does it vary between societies, however, it also varies between different sub——cult rues within one society . Young people in Britain, for example, are more likely to touch and hug friends than the older generation This may be partly a matter of growing older,but it also reflects the fact that the older generation grew up at fl time when touching was less common for all age groups Forty years ago,for example,footballers would never hug and kiss one another on the field after a goal as they do today31.. What are the four main categories of distance for Americans?32.. How far apart should people who work together stand when communicating with each other?33.Why are Americans trying to adjust the distance between themselves and their Arabpartners?34.Why do Arabs feel that Americans are being 'stand—offish’ ?35.When conversing, do the English and Americans touch each other more than the French? Part2：Questions 3 6-40 are based on this part. (1 0 points)Read Passage 2 and then decide whether Statements 36 —40 are True or False according to the information given in the passage. Write ”T" for true and "F" for false on the Answer Sheet.Passage 2Nobody actually wants to cause offence but, as business becomes even more international, it is increasingly easy to get it wrong. There may be a single European market but it does not mean that managers behave the same in Greece as they do in Denmark.In many European countries handshaking is an automatic gesture. In France good manners require that on arriving at a business meeting a manager shakes hands with everyone present. Handshaking is almost as popular in other countries, including Germany, Belgium and Italy. But Northern Europeans, such as the British and Scandinavians, are not quite so fond of physical demonstrations of friendliness.In Europe the most common challenge is not the content of the food,but the way you behave as you eat .In France it is not good manners to raise tricky questions of business over the main course. Business has its place：after the cheese course. Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something ----------------------------------------------- s omething, that is, other than the business deal,which you are continually chewing over in your head.Italians give similar importance to the whole process of business entertaining.In fact, in Italy the biggest fear,as course after course appears,is that you entirely forget you are there on business. If you have the energy , you can always do the polite thing when the meal finally ends, and offer to pay. Then, after a lively discussion, you must remember the next polite thing to do—let your host pick up the bill.The Germans are notable for the amount of formality they bring to business.As a1) outsider,it is often difficult to know whether colleagues have been working together for 30 years or have just met for the first time in their life . 1f you are used to calling people by their first names this can be a little strange．To the Germans,titles are important．Forgetting that someone should be called Herr Doctor or Frau Directory might cause serious offence．It is equally offensive to call them by a title they do not possess．In Italy the question of title is further confused by the fact that everyone with a university degree can be called Nott ore and engineers,lawyers and architects may also expect to be called by their professional titles．These cultural challenges exist side by side with the problems of doing business in a foreign language. Language, of course, is full of difficulties ----------------- disaster may be only asyllable away．But the more you know of the culture of the country you are dealing with,the less likely you are to get into difficulties．It is worth the effort．It might be rather hard to explain that the reason you lost the contract was not the product or the price,but the fact that You offended your hosts in a light-hearted comment over an aperitif Good manners are admired：they can also make or break the deal．36．People in Britain shake hands just as much as people in Germany．37.In France people prefer talking about business during meals.38.It is not polite to insist on paying for a meal if you are in Italy.39.German business people don' t like to be called by their titles. 40．Italian professionals areusually addressed by their titles．Section IV：Communication Analysis [30 points]Instructions：The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication．In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon．Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding in each case by answering Questions4 l - 43 respectively. Your analysis of each case should be about l00 —l 50 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Note! Your writing ability will also be assessed in this section of the testCase 1(7 points)I have an American friend. I have invited him several times, and at long last he invited me to his home one day. He told me to get there at 3 pm. I thought we could chat and have a meal together. I gave him a Chinese calendar, a woman' s scarf and a bottle of Chinese white wine. He only took out a dish of nuts, a plate of bread and a bottle of wine. After two hours chat, I found there was no hint of a meal and said good —bye to him. He only gave me a box of chocolate as a present for the New Year After I got home, I found the box had already been opened. I was Very surprised.Question 4 1：What surprised me?Case 2(10 points)Lin had traveled 20 hours from Beijing to New York He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike, met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles, and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn' t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing -------------------------------------------------------- Q uanjude ------ when he arrived in Beijing．Question 42：Why did Lin feel surprised? Offer some advice to him about adjusting to his new environment in America．Case 3(13 points)When Zhang Tao traveled in America , he lived in the home of his American friend , Bill．0nce after he had traveled back,he found Bill was in a bad mood．When he asked what the problem was,Bill told Zhang Tao that his son Adam got furious about the noise Zhang made when walking upstairs and also because he was using too much water in the solar powered shower and Adam had to have his shower in cold water．Bill told Zhang Tao that he should walk more softly in future,and have a fast shower to save water．Zhang Tao felt uneasy．How could the host set such rules for his guest!Question 43：Why did Zhang Tao feel uneasy?试卷代号：1028中央广播电视大学2003--2004学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试英语专业跨文化交际试题答案及评分标准(供参考)2004年7月Section I：Listening [Bo points] Part 1. (10 points, 2 points each.)1. B2. B3. D4. A5. CPart 2. (10 points, 1 point each. The exact words are required.)6. enriches7．shared8．dull9. prejudice10．accustomed11 ．threatened12．spirit13．related14．reverse1 5．boundariesSection II：Language Appropriacy and Accuracy [30 points'](30 points,2 points each．)16.B 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.D21.D 22.B 23.A 24.D 25.D26.B 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.CSectionlll：Reading Comprehension [20 points]Part 1. (10 points, 2 points each. 0. 5 point off for each grammar/ spelling mistake, but at most 1 point can be deducted for each item for the grammar / spelling mistakes. The exact wording is not required, but the meaning must be the same.)3.1. Intimate, personal, social and public.32.Between 1. 3 and 2 meters.33.Because they are trying to follow their own standards about the appropriate distance to maintain．34.Because in the Arabian culture, standing very close is the norm.35.N0.Part 2．(10 points,2 points each．)36. F 37. F 38. T 39. F 40. TSection W：Communication Analysis [30 points]Question 41.Case 1(7 points,5 points for the analysis,2 points for overall language quality．)1)In China,a visit to home always includes a meal．And the guest always brings a relatively richpresent to the host．And the present should be well wrapped or untouched．2)In the west,a visit to home only means a meeting,not necessarily including a meal．And thepresent is treated not as importantly as it is in China．3)I acted in a way that was based on Chinese customs,So I felt the American way was veryinteresting(unusual)．Question 42．Case 2(1 0 points,8 points for the analysis,2 points for overall language quality．) 1)On the topic of hospitality, the Chinese stress is on warmth and demonstrating friendship.They take the guest to a famous or luxurious restaurant to have a very good (expensive) meal to show their hospitality．And the Chinese are used to having a big meal．The more dishes they put out, the greater the warmth and friendship they show , 2)In western countries,people stress on freedom．They give the guest great freedom to choose their own foods．And westerners tend to have only one main course and some juice or dessert, which is viewed as casual in the eyes of the Chinese. [Note ! If the student answers that Western people have only three courses, this is also correct!]3)Lin lived in American surroundings and should have adjusted himself quickly to the newworld(1ifestyle). He should have known the custom there first, and felt more at ease in Mike' s home.Question 43．Case 3(13 points, 11 points for the analysis, 2 points for overall language quality ,) 1)In China, when people host someone, they put the guest in the place of honor to show hospitality．They try to take care of the guest,and try to make the guest feel comfortable and at ease．2)In America,people tend to give the guest great freedom and treat a guest more casually,naturally and truthfully．3)Zhang Tao knew he was a guest, and thought in terms of Chinese expectations of hospitality．He thought Bill should treat him courteously instead of setting rules for him4)Since Zhang Tao lived in American surroundings he should have known about the customs there sooner.。
期末英语专业跨文化交际试题试题及参考答案
期末英语专业跨文化交际试题试题及参考答案一、阅读理解（共30分）阅读下面短文，并根据文章内容选择正确答案。
Passage 1Communication styles and norms differ significantly between cultures, and understanding these differences is essential for successful cross-cultural communication.In some cultures, such as the United States and Canada, direct communication is highly valued. People tend to speak their mind openly and directly, even if it means disagreeing with others. They believe in being straightforward and assertive.On the other hand, in many Asian cultures, such as Japan and China, indirect communication is the norm. People are more likely to hint at what they mean rather than stating it outright. They often use nonverbal cues and context to convey their messages. This communication style values harmony and maintaining face.When engaging in cross-cultural communication, it is important to be aware of these differences and adjust your communication style accordingly. If you are from a direct communication culture, you may need to be more sensitive to nonverbal cues when interacting with individuals from an indirect communication culture.1. According to the passage, direct communication is highly valued in which cultures?A. Asian culturesB. United States and CanadaC. European culturesD. African cultures2. What is the communication style in Japan and China?A. Direct communicationB. Indirect communicationC. Nonverbal communicationD. Contextual communication参考答案：1. B2. B二、交际用语（共10分）根据对话情境和所给选项，选择恰当的答案完成对话。
2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题...
2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题...
黑龙江大学2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题
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黑龙江大学2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题
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黑龙江大学2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题
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黑龙江大学2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题
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学号1 ______2 ______ 3______ 4______ 5______
6 ______ 7______ 8______ 9______ 10______
11 ______12 ________ 13 ______ 14
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Part II Case Analysis (You are
required to state cultural
phenomenon in each case). (5×3=15)
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Part III Answer the following questions.
(5×3=15)
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黑龙江大学2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题
黑龙江大学2005-2006学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题
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跨文化交际复习试题及答案解析
判断题T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years. 作为一种现象，跨文化传播已经存在了数千年。
然而，作为一门学科，它的历史只有大约五十年。
F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe. 跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科F 3 Culture is a static entity 静态的实体while communication is a dynamic process. 文化是一个静态的实体而沟通是一个动态的过程T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given 约定的特定的culture. 文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识，人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮演适当的行为T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over- generalization),it still contributes to a person cultural cognitio'n. s认识、认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性，但仍有助于人的文化认知。
T 6 In in tercultural com mun icatio n, we should separate one ' s in dividual character from cultural gen eralizatio在跨文化交际中，我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开。
大学本科跨文化交际期末试题
考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。
考试时间为2．5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。
待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。
可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。
Test Paper 1Ⅰ. Filling the blanks:1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, thecommunication in the West is low-contextual while thatin the East is high-contextual2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the Westadopts Dualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, theWest follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while theEast follows synthetic and concrete thinking4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, theWest uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductivepattern5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in Indiais Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and ArchimedesⅡ. Choose the best answer:1.Non-verbal messages are classified into twocomprehensive categories: those that are primarilyproduced by the body, suchas_________,________,_______; and those that theindividual combines with the setting, such as _______,_______, _______.DA.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space,time, manB.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silenceC.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding,occasion, manD.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives,proverbs and allusions than in English writing. SomeWestern scholars name this style “flowery”, stating thatits aim is to give a more fanciful impression thaninformation, and the information is usually of beauty,fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness”aspectsso as to attract people. We may term this styleas_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct withobjective information. To them, much-repeated wordsmay mean less after a while. We may term the Westernwriting as ________-oriented.CA. adjective, objectiveB. Chinese, WesternC. impression, information C. indirect, direct3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditionalWestern belief holds that _______, while the Asianpeople believe that_______.BA. basically good; basically badB. evil but perfectible, basically goodC. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil;D. unknown4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditionalWestern belief holds that _______, while the Asianpeople believe that_______.DA. subjugation to nature; harmony with natureB. harmony with nature; mastery over natureC. harmony with nature; subjugation to natureD. mastery over nature; harmony with nature5. As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USAis______, the Philippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia, Britain, Greece, France are ______.CA. on-time oriented; in-time oriented; late-time orientedB. youth-oriented; adult-oriented; elderly-orientedC. future-oriented; present-oriented; past-orientedD. present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented6. In terms of activity orientation, the USA is______, thePhilippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia is ______.DA. doing-oriented; playing-oriented, being-orientedB. playing-oriented; being-oriented; doing-orientedC. being-oriented; doing-oriented; being-in-becomingorientedD. doing-oriented; being-oriented; being-in-becomingoriented7. The dividing worldview is also referred to as mechanisticview. It goes by the following different names: DA. reason versus result; religion versus art; objectivityversus imaginationB. instinct versus intuition; science versus technology;imagination versus subjectivityC. tuition versus intuition; region versus religion;subjugation versus subjectivityD. reason versus intuition; science versus religion;objectivity versus subjectivity8. The Greek thinks in order to _______. It is speculation.The Hindu thinks in order to _______. It is meditation.The Chinese thinks in order to _______. It is contemplation. CA. do; die; liveB. spectacle; meddle; contemptC. understand; think; self-cultivateD. think; self-cultivate; understand9. “Your body doesn’t know how to lie” indicates_____BA. something is wrong with your body and you can onlystand.B. body language is important.C. body contact is dangerous.D. we can’t separate mind from body.10. Generally speaking, in the US, people make friends bysharing ______, while in China, people make friends by sharing _______.BA. personal relationship; activitiesB. activities; personal relationshipC. love; bloodD. blood; love11. In terms of physical contact, the high contact countriesare __________________________________, while the low contact countries are ________________________________.CA. the US, Britain, most Northern European countries;Arab world, Mediterranean countries, IndonesiaB. the US, Britain, Japan; East European countries,Russia, Middle EastC. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia; theUS, Britain, most Northern European countriesD. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, China; the US,Britain, most Northern European countries12. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality ofcommunication, the high-contextual people are__________________________________, while the low-contextual countries are ________________________________AA. Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese; the Americans,German, SwissB. the Americans, German, Swiss; Latin Americans,Chinese, JapaneseC. Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans; the Americans,Japanese, BritishD. the Americans, Japanese, British; Native Americans,Chinese, Koreans13. Each person has a “bubble” of space (territory). Studiesshow that people from ________, ________, ________have a smaller personal territory than do people from ________, ________, _________.AA. South America, Arab countries, and many Asiancountries; North America, Britain, GermanyB. North America, Britain, Germany; South America,Arab countries, and many Asian countriesC. South America, Britain, Germany; North America,Arab countries, and many Asian countries.D. North America, Arab countries, and many Asiancountries; South America, Britain, Germany14. In ___________ culture, the nuclear family is muchmore important to the individual than the extended family, while in ____________, ________, _______, ________ culture, the extended family is very important. CA. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arabian, AfricanB. Arabian; American, Asian, African, HispanicC. American; Asian, African, Arabian, HispanicD. African; American, Asian, Arabian, Hispanic15. In nuclear-family culture, people rely mainly on ______,______, ________for help, while in extended-family culture, people rely mainly on ________for help. CA. families, friends, professionals; familiesB. families, friends, professionals; institutionsC. friends, professionals, institutions; familiesD. friends, families, institutions; professionals16. In nuclear-family culture, ______ usually comes first,while in extended-family culture, _______ usually comes first. BA. family; individualB. individual; familyC. husband; wifeD. wife; husband17.When it comes to friendship, an American friend wouldfeel that they had _______ if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. One’s duties and obligations toward friends, even best friends are understood to ______; one does not expect friends to assume burdensome, ______ responsibilities toward oneself. A close friend in the US is a person that one feels free to ask for help, recognizing, however, that the friend may _____, if they give you a reason. This is maybe that in the West, people prefer to be ______, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is ______ more and the other is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostlya matter of providing ______ support and ______. BA. depended too much; limitless; small; say “OK”;dependent; receiving; material; get separateB. imposed too much; have limits; long-term; say “No”;independent; giving; emotional; spend time together.C. imposed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”;free; earning; financial; get involvedD. depended a little; limitless; big; say “Sorry”;independent; giving; spiritual; get together.18. In China, the duties and obligations of friendships seemvirtually ________ for all practical purposes. Chinese friends give each other much ________ ________help and assistance than Western friends do. For example, they give each other _______ and might help each other _______for a _______period of time. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way, offers to assist you _________.CA. impossible; more spiritual; things; practically; short;when being askedB. enormous; less spiritual; money; financially; long;unwillinglyC. unlimited; more concrete; money; financially; long;without waiting to be askedD. limited; more concrete; things; materially; certain; ifrequired19. In times of trouble, both American and Chinese friendsgive each other emotional support, but they do it differently. A Chinese friend is more likely to be________ to give _______ advice to a friend, while an American friend will be ________ to give ________ advice, instead she may raise questions to encourage her friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does one thing instead of another. CA. cautious; detailed; ready; specificB. ready; ambiguous; cautious; guidelineC. ready; specific; cautious; directD. unwilling; direct; ready; specific20. When it comes to the relationship between parents andmarried sons, in China, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. Thus in the event of any quarrel between his wife and his mother, a man should ____________. At most he might hope to __________, and this was regarded as ________. In America, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. He would be expected to ______________. He might even be counseled to _______________ the vicinity of his parents’home to ease the conflict. DA. more important; side with his mother; side with hisfather; honorable; more important; side with no one;move intoB. less important; side with no one; say something;honorable; less important; side with his father; get awayfromC. less important; side with his wife; remain silent;dishonorable; more important; side with his wife; moveintoD. more important; side with his mother; remain neutral;dishonorable; less important; side with his wife; moveawayⅢ. True or false:1.Generally speaking, China is an equal society, Americais a hierarchy society. ( F )2.Generally speaking, in Chinese society, the powerdistance is small, while in America, the power distanceis large. ( F )3.Both the Asian and Western countries have the conceptof “face”, and “face” has the same social significance forthese countries in that one’s face is also the face of one’sgroup.( F )4.The dividing worldview relies strongly on “facts”asopposed to “opinions”. ( T )5.A very rough generalization is that thinking for theGreek is to look upward, for the Hindu is to look inward,for the Confucians is to look outward. (F )6.Values are explicitly stored in our mind. We are alwaysaware of them, and we make judgments according tothem. (F )7.Values are separate from each other. Each one workalone. ( F )8.Values can be compared on a continuum rather than oneof only two possible choices. People everywhere possessthe same values to different degrees, and the importanceof that common value, how it gets acted out, is a matterof degree. ( T)9.“Lover” and “爱人”have the same meaning. ( F )10.In both China and Western countries, it is verycommon and usual for adults to fondle other people’sbabies and very small children to show their affectionand friendliness. ( F )Ⅳ.Translation:1.Translate the following English into Chinese:1)Nature and Man are blended into one harmonious identity.天人合一2)Nature affects human affairs and human behavior findsresponse in Nature. 天人感应3)Nature accords with human wishes. 天从人愿4)Your character will be tinted “red”(good) if you are inthe company of “redness”, but “black”(bad) if you are in close contact with ink. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑5)God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者6)Look before you leap. 三思而后行7)A single arrow is easily broken, but not a bunch. 轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难毁万木林He who stirs another’s porridge often burns his own. 狗拿耗子，多管闲事8)2.Translate the following Chinese into English:1)容忍tolerance of others2)中庸之道moderation, following the middle way3)修养self-cultivation4)不重竞争non-competitiveness5)信用trust-worthiness6)贞节chastity in women7)寡欲having few desires服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养父母filial piety8)Ⅴ. Tell the meaning of the following gestures in different countries:Gesture 1 Gesture 2 Gesture 31.In the US, England, Sweden it is used together with the verbalmessage “Let’s keep our fingers crossed”to mean that _ theperson is hoping for good luck______________. In Greece andTurkey it means the breaking of a friendship ________________.In parts of Italy it means _ OK _____.2.In the US it means Great, perfect, acceptable,OK_______________. In Belgium and France, it means _zero_____. In Brazil, Turkey, Greece and Malta it has _ anobscene _____ meaning. In Japan it means ___ money _______.In Tunisia, it is used ___ as threat _______.3.It means ____ Slow down”, “relax”or “wait a second________________.Test Paper 2下列各题请参阅了所指定的课本内容后，用中文回答，可翻译课本的内容作为答案。
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3. How does culture influence our language?
communication.
7.The concept of "
", refers to effectively adjusting and adapting to a specific culture or 3. In Thailand and Laos, it is rude for a stranger or acquaintance to touch a child on the top of the
which the source attends and assigns meaning.
1. During World War II, the Allies had issued the Potsdam Ultimatum demanding the surrender of
2.
deals with a culture’s most fundamental beliefs about its place in the cosmos, beliefs the Japanese military to end the war. Prime Minister Suzuki said, “The government does not see
得分
评卷人
Part IV English-Chinese translation: translate the following two paragraphs into Chinese. (10×2=20)
1. A foreigner’s first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush—often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country.
result is that people lose their previous culture.
6. _______ is the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the
2. In 1998 the World Cup was held in Japan and Korea and people argued whether to ban eating dogs in Korea at that time, because western people believe dogs are friends, but not food.
experience.
15.
refers to the irrational dislike, suspicion, or hatred of a particular group, raceon.
得分
评卷人
Part I. Fill in the blanks. Choose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct letters in the blanks on your answer sheet. （2×20=40）
unequally. 线
-1-
院系 年级 专业 姓名 学号
黑龙江大学 2005-2006 学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题
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得分 评卷人 Part III Answer the following questions. (5×3=15)
订
1. How do people from different cultures understand “silence”? 线
13. Human perception is usually thought of as a three-step process of ________, organization, and
interpretation.
14. ______refers to a set of words or terms that are shared by those with a common profession or
16. ________ refers to attaching meaning to sense data and is synonymous with decoding.
17. Confucius encouraged a sense of __________and harmony.
18.The
from “ignore” to “treat with silent contempt.” The Allies took it as the most offensive meaning. .
5.
is the degree to which an individual relinquishes an original culture for another. And the
分 分 分 分 分 100 70% 试 现
20 10 分分
得
分
man’s search for Truth.
12. ________refers to manners and behaviors considered acceptable in social and business situation.
得分
评卷人 Part II Case Analysis (You are required to state cultural
phenomenon in each case). (5×3=15)
1.
refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to
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behaviors of a relatively large group.
9.Hofstede’s
Index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of
订
organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed
about God, and beliefs about the nature of humanity and nature.
much value in it. All we have to do is Mokusatsu it. ” But the word Mokusatsu can mean anything
refer to the ability to understand and adapt the target culture; in another word, it refers to the
a. acculturation b. Culture c. Nonverbal communication d. Context e. Assimilation f. Enculturation g. World view h. balance i. Feedback j. Power distance k. Uncertainty avoidance l. individualist m. Symblos n. Interpretation o. selection p. Sensation q. Prejudice r. Etiquette s. Jargon t. intercultural competence
subculture.
head because the head is regarded as the home of the spirit or soul. It is believed that a child’s
8. ____ is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the spirit or soul is not strong enough to be touched and has tendency to become ill if patted.
院系 年级 专业 姓名 学号 考试课程
黑龙江大学 2005-2006 学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题
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2005-2006 学年春季学期大学英语跨文化交际课程期末试题（A 卷）
10. In the
culture, the interest of the individual prevails over the interests of the group.