英语专业八级考试模拟试题
大学专业英语八级模拟考试卷(带答案)
大学专业英语八级模拟考试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Questioning Techniques—AskingQuestions EffectivelyⅠ. Successful communications: asking the right questions—improving many communication skills: e.g.1)collecting better 12)strengthening 23)dealing with people effectively4)helping others to learnⅡ. Techniques of putting forward questions and their effectsA. Open questions— 3 long answers—helping develop open conversation—including more 4—knowing the other's viewsB. Closed questions—answers being short, factual—being good for testing understandings, drawing a conclusion, and for 5—being avoided for 6C. Funnel questions—focusing on one point for more details—helping witnesses 7 the scene—arousing the interest and increasing the 8 of the listenerD. 9 questions—asking an example to help with understanding—asking extra information to 10 what is being said—making sure to get the whole story and 11 information from othersE. Leading questions—leading the hearer to your way of thinking e.g. adding a personal appeal ; giving a choice between two 12—getting your 13 without imposing the hearerF. 14 questions—statements being in question form actually—making the listener slip into 15 with youSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. Distance themselves from the patient.B. Be direct and concrete.C. Use euphemisms to tell the patients what's happening to them.D. Hide the truth from the patient.17、A. You will die soon.B. The cancer has come back.C. You have a malignancy.D. Your liver has hypo-densities.18、A. Patients should be hided from all the information.B. Doctors make all the decisions themselves.C. The family of the patients make the decisions for the patients.D. Patients emphasize on autocracy.19、A. His experience with many cancer patients.B. His suffering of the mother's death.C. His conversation with a senior physician.D. His experience as an oncology trainee.20、A. Advertisements.B. Business talks.C. Entertainments.D. News.21、A. It produces a visual effect and makes the talk more dynamic.B. It makes the talk well delivered and more attractive to the audience.C. It helps the audience build their confidence and get involved in the talk.D. It helps the speaker get more chance of being employed.22、 A. It provides feedbacks to the talk. B. It can raise the audience's interest.C. It gives the presenter a logic mind.D. It amuses both the presenter and audience.23、A. Entertain the audience by telling jokes. B. Outline your main points to the audience.C. Find a clear and memorable conclusion.D. Say something that relevant to the subject.24、A. It is not as significant as the first and last parts.B. It is the least enjoyable part for every audience.C. It is a make-or-break moment for the presenter.D. It is memorable to most of the audience.25、A. Well arranged structures plus clear and enjoyable talking.B. A good start and a clear conclusion plus a detailed script.C. A long time explanation plus indulged audiences.D. A speech full of various anecdotes and analogies.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEHistorians tend to date the birth of modern capitalism to the late sixteenth and early seventeen centuries, but to understand what actually occurred an important distinction must be made. Here are basically two types of capitalism: commercial and industrial. In commercial capitalism the capitalist is usually a merchant who invests money both in buying the raw material and in marketing the finished product one produced. In the case of wool cloth, for example, the merchant buys the raw wool; then either the merchant or the agent carries the wool to the artisans who spin, weave, and dye it in their shops or homes. They usually work by the piece and own or rent their equipment. When the cloth is finished, the merchant then sells the product; the merchant's profit lies in the difference between what the cloth cost to produce and the purchase price of the finished goods.This form of capitalism, with the merchant as capitalist, began in the Middle Ages and remained the dominant form for the production of industrial goods down to the eighteenth century. The economic boom of the sixteenth century did not significantly affect the way the goods were produced: what did change was the number of people engaged in producing. The production of industrial goods significantly increased in the sixteenth century because so many more independent producers were working for the merchant.Industrial capitalism, on the other hand, refers to investment in the modes or means of production. In this case the capitalist is not the merchant but the factory or mine owner. Investment in machines means more productivity per worker and more variety in products. In the sixteenth century a rapid surge in the amount of investment in machinery occurred in such areas as metalworking, glass making, paper production, coal mining and firearms manufacture. Although the output of goods provided by industrial capitalism climbed significantly after 1550, until the end of the eighteenth century commercial capitalism was responsible for most of the industrial production of Europe.PASSAGE TWOFrom a hillside, Kamal Saadat looked forlornly at hundreds of potential customers, knowing he could not take them for trips in his boat to enjoy a spring weekend on picturesque Oroumieh Lake, the third largest saltwater lake on earth, which now lay encased by solidifying salt. Saadat lamented that he could not understand why the lake was fading away.The long popular lake, home to migrating flamingos, pelicans and gulls, has shrunken by 60 percent and could disappear entirely in just a few years—drained by drought, misguided irrigation policies, development and the damming of rivers that feed it.Until two years ago, Saadat supplemented his income from almond-and grape-growing by taking tourists on boat tours. But as the lake receded and its salinity rose, he found he had to stop the boat every 10 minutes to unfoul the propeller—and finally, he had to give up this second job that he'd used to support a five-member family. The visitors were not enjoying such a boring trip, for they had to cross hundreds of meters of salty lakebed just to reach the boat from the wharf.Other boatmen, too, have parked their vessels by their houses, where they stand as sad reminders of the deep-water days. And the lake's ebbing affects an ever-widening circle.The receding water has also weakened hotel business and tourism activities in the area, and planned hotel projects remain idle since investors are reluctant to continue.Beyond tourism, the salt-saturated lake threatens agriculture nearby in northwest Iran, as storms sometimes carry the salt far afield. Many farmers worry about the future of their lands, which for centuries have been famous for apples, grapes, walnuts, almonds, onions, potatoes, as well as aromatic herbal drinks, candies and tasty sweet pastes.Official reports blame the drying mainly on a decade-long drought, and peripherally on consumption of water of the feeding rivers for farming. They put 5 percent of the blame on construction of dams and 3 percent on other factors.The first alarm over the lake's shrinking came in late 1990s amid a nagging drought. Nonetheless, the government continued construction of 35 dams on the rivers which feed the lake; 10 more dams are on the drawing boards for the next few years. Also completed was a lake-crossing roadway. No environmental feasibility study was done in the planning for the road, and environmentalists believe the project worsened the lake's health by acting as a barrier to water circulation.In April, the Iranian government announced a three-prong effort to save the lake: a cloud-seeding program to increase rainfall in the area, a lowering of water consumption by irrigation systems, and supplying the lake with remote sources of water.Some experts termed the weather control portion of the program as only a "symbolic action" by government, saying the best answer would be to release more water currently being held back by dams. The evaporation rate has been three times the rainfall rate, making the rivers' historic role vital to sustaining the lake.In the green and beautiful city of Oroumieh, famous for peaceful coexistence between Azeri people, Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians as well as Muslims and Christians, talk about the fate of the lake is common among ordinary people in teahouses and on the streets. Some express happiness with the government decision to manipulate clouds in hopes of increasing rainfall. However, many locals called the cloud-seeding plan "a show", and the water held back by those dams was the solution.Beyond the debates by national and local authorities some folks here suggest another way Oroumieh could be saved. A local legend says wild purple gladiolas have had a miraculous role in doing just that. The flowers have grown every year for a thousand years in the spot where a princess of Oroumieh was killed as she warned the people of the city about an invading enemy. As a recent sunset turned the lake golden, Kamal the boatman tried to find some hope in the returning blossoms."You see, still wild purple gladiolas are appearing in the spring," he said. "The city and its lake can eventually survive."PASSAGE THREEEvery silver lining has its cloud. At the moment, the world's oceans absorb a million tonnes of carbon dioxide an hour. Admittedly that is only a third of the rate at which humanity dumps the stuff into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, but it certainly helps to slow down global warming. However, what is a blessing for the atmosphere turns out to be a curse for the oceans. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water it forms carbonic acid. At the moment, seawater is naturally alkaline—but it is becoming less so all the time.The biological significance of this acidification was a topic of debate among scientists. Many species of invertebrate have shells or skeletons made of calcium carbonate. It is these, fossilized, that form rocks such as chalk and limestone. And, as anyone who has studied chemistry at school knows, if you drop chalk into acid it fizzes away to nothing. Many marine biologists therefore worry that some species will soon be unable to make their protective homes. Many of the species most at risk are corals. The end of the Permian period, 252m years ago, was marked by the biggest extinction of life known to have happened on Earth. At least part of the cause of this extinction seems to have been huge volcanic eruptions that poured carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. But some groups of animals became more extinct than others. Sponges, corals and brachiopods were particularly badly hit.Rather than counting individual species of fossils, which vary over time, paleontologists who study extinction usually count entire groups of related species, called genera. More than 90% of Permian genera of sponges, corals and brachiopods vanished in the extinction. By contrast, only half of the genera of mollusks and arthropods disappeared.This is because mollusks and arthropods are able to buffer the chemistry of the internal fluids from which they create their shells. This keeps the acidity of those fluids constant. Sponges, corals and brachiopods, however, cannot do this.The situation at the moment is not as bad as it was at the end of the Permian. Nevertheless, calculations suggest that if today's trends continue, the alkalinity of the ocean will have fallen by half a pH unit by 2100. That would make some places, such as the Southern Ocean, uninhabitable for corals. Since corals provide habitat and food sources for many other denizens of the deep, this could have a profound effect on the marine food web.No corals, no sea urchins and no who-knows-what-else would be bad news indeed for the sea. Those who blithely factor oceanic uptake into the equations of what people can get away with when it comes to greenhouse-gas pollution should,perhaps, have second thoughts.PASSAGE FOURTransplanting organs brings life to the dying. But most donor organs are harvested from the dead. Shortfalls in the number of volunteer donors, the difficulty of gaining the consent of grieving relatives, and a reduction in most countries of the rate of fatal road accidents (the most reliable source of healthy organs), mean that there is a constant lack of them. Thousands die each year while on waiting lists for transplants. Researchers have, therefore, long sought ways to boost supply.One idea is to harvest animal organs. That is less mad than it sounds. A liver, a kidney or a cornea does the same job, regardless of species. And it works. In 1984 an American child lived for three weeks after receiving a baboon heart intended as a stopgap until a human donor could be found (unfortunately, one was not found in time). Conversely, human organs have been transplanted into animals for the purpose of research. Earlier this year, for example, a paper in the American Journal of Transplantation described moving kidneys from human fetuses into rats.Until now, though, two technical problems have stood in the way of routinely transplanting animal organs into people. One is that the recipient's immune system must be persuaded to tolerate a big chunk of foreign tissue. The other is that swapping tissues between species risks swapping diseases, too. This second problem may soon be addressed, if George Church of the Harvard Medical School has his way. For, as he and his colleagues describe this week in Science, genetic engineering can now be used to eliminate one of the most worrying types of pathogen that might be spread via transplants.The animal most commonly suggested as a donor is the pig. Pigs are roughly the size of human beings. They are reasonably well understood. And millennia of experience mean they are easy to breed. But they are not perfect. In particular, their DNA is full of retroviruses, known specifically as porcine endogenous retroviruses, or PERVs. The genes of these viruses hitch a lift from one pig generation to another as an integral part of the porcine genome, whence they can break out and cause infection. And tests in laboratories suggest that, given the opportunity, they can infect human cells as well. The existence of PERVs, then, has been one of the main obstacles to transplanting pig organs into people.Dr Church and his colleagues thought PERVs ideal candidates to test the mettle of one of the rising stars of biotechnology, CRISPR/Cas9. This is a gene-editing technique derived from bacteria, which use it as a sort of immune system. In nature, it recognises specific sequences of viral DNA and chops the DNA molecule apart at these points, protecting the bacterium from harm. Tweaked a bit in the laboratory, it can be made to recognise any DNA sequence and do likewise. This permits specific stretches of DNA to be deleted from genomes, and also allows new stretches to be inserted into the gap thus created.Dr Church and his fellow researchers analysed the genetic sequences of one family of PERVs, with a view to attacking them with CRISPR/Cas9. They found that the sequence of the gene which lets the virus integrate itself into its host's DNA is the same from one strain of virus to another. That allowed them to program aCRISPR/Cas9 system to look for this particular sequence and chop it out of the genome.The porcine kidney cells Dr Church used for his experiments had 62 PERVs embedded in their genomes. He and his colleagues tested their molecular scissors on several lines of these cells. In the most responsive, they managed to stop out all 62 copies of the integration gene.Since PERVs rely on this gene to infect human cells as well as porcine ones, deleting it should stop them jumping into human hosts. Sure enough, tests in Petri dishes showed that the modified pig cells did not infect human cells grown alongside them. And, despite the extensive edits made to their DNA, those pig cells seemed unharmed by the procedure.A single paper does not make a new medical procedure. In particular, the editing would need to be done to sex cells, or their precursors, if actual lines of "clean" pigs were to be bred for use as organ donors. But this is still a striking result. Not only does it demonstrate that it is possible to cleanse animal cells of unwanted viral passengers, thus helping remove one of the big barriers to cross-species organ transplants; it also shows the power of a genetic-engineering technique that has existed for only three years. However, the popularity of such techniques waxes and wanes. This year's favourite can be next year's also-ran. For now, though, CRISPR/Cas9 is on a roll.26、The phrase "work by the piece" in the first paragraph means ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. mass productionB. efficient productionC. small-scale productionD. full production27、The first paragraph of this passage is mostly about ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. products produced under industrial capitalismB. how commercial capitalism operatesC. how industrial capitalism operatesD. the economic boom of the sixteenth century28、According to the passage, commercial capitalism dominated the European economy until the ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. Middle AgesB. sixteenth centuryC. beginning of the eighteenth centuryD. end of the eighteenth century29、The ebbing of the Oroumieh Lake does NOT affect ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. the locals' second jobB. agricultureC. the salt productionD. hotel business and tourism activities30、The author's attitude towards the three-prong effort announced by the Iranian government is ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. favorableB. ambiguousC. criticalD. reserved31、Kamal's words at the end of the passage imply that ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. purple gladiolas were found around the lakeB. purple gladiolas could save the lakeC. the locals hoped the lake would not diminishD. the locals were sure of the lake's survival32、The message the author attempts to convey throughout the passage is that ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. the Oroumieh Lake is in dangerB. the home to migrating animals is vanishingC. humans' behavior is harmful to natureD. local tourism business has been hurt33、The sentence "Every silver lining has its cloud" in the first paragraph probably means ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. there is always a difficult side to a hopeful situationB. there is always a comforting side to a sad situationC. there is always a chink of light before the sun comes pouring inD. visible water vapor floating in the sky can join up to make a silver line34、The word "brachiopod" in the third paragraph means ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. a kind of invertebratesB. a kind of marine mammalsC. a kind of colonial plantsD. a kind of aquatic vertebrates35、Which category of writing does the passage belong to?(PASSAGE THREE.A. Narration.B. Description.C. Persuasion.D. Exposition.36、The best title for the passage is ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. Global WarmingB. Sour TimesC. Carbon DioxideD. Ocean Acidity37、Which of the following factors did NOT partially cause the shortage of donor organs?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. There is a decreasing number of volunteer donors.B. It's hard to gain the consent of grieving relatives of the dead.C. The rate of fatal road accidents is reducing.D. The number of healthy organs is decreasing.38、What does the word "swap" mean in the third paragraph?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Exchange.B. Insert.C. Delete.D. Cure.39、Which of the following statements about CRISPR/Cas9 is true?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. It is a sort of immune system.B. It can be used to generate new genes.C. It can be used to edit genes by deleting specific stretches of DNA.D. It will help to remove all barriers in cross-species organ transplants.40、SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.What is the main idea of this passage?(PASSAGE ONE.41、In the eyes of many locals, what is the best way to save the Oroumieh Lake?(PASSAGE TWO)42、What does the word "alkaline" mean in the first paragraph?(PASSAGETHREE.43、Why are corals crucial to deep-sea ecosystems?(PASSAGE THREE.44、What is the author's main purpose of writing this passage?(PASSAGE THREE.45、What caused the death of the American child in 1984?(PASSAGE FOUR)46、Why are pigs most commonly suggested as organ donors?(PASSAGE FOUR)47、How does the author feel about the paper written by George Church and his colleagues?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.During interpretation, short-term memory operations occurcontinually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 48sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 49phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 50analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 51take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign nameand saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" isrecognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 52D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 53associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during whichthe idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 54others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker orspeech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, informationdensity, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker's accent,interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to havemore time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 55reformulation problems.Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under thecategory of automatic operations because they include the storage 56of information for later use. One might add that storedinformation changes both from one speech to another or during 57every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored informationquantities and storage duration can vary from moment tomoment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identicaloperations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of theprocesses.PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、“干什么的?”老太太问。
专业英语八级(其他类汉译英)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（其他类汉译英）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHDirections: Translate the following text into English.1．纯净如青花瓷器追求纯净优雅的美，这在青花瓷中体现最为充分。
青花瓷在唐代之前就有了，而真正形成规模并有杰出创造则是在元代，明代是青花瓷的成熟期，中国青花瓷器的大量珍品出自这个时代。
青花何以在中国瓷坛独占鳌头，主要因为它与中国人长期追求的文化和美学精神相契合，这就是平淡天真、自然从容。
青花作为中国瓷器的代表，以白色和蓝色所构成的简洁清雅世界，表现宁静清洁的美。
正确答案：Pure Blue-and-White Porcelain Pure and elegant beauty is the goal that porcelain pursues, and this ideal is best explained in the production of Blue-and-White Porcelain. Chinese-made Blue-and-White Porcelain were emerged long before the founding of the Tang dynasty (AD618-AD907), but it was not until the Yuan dynasty that this type of porcelain came to be produced in quantity, with the attendant masterpieces.The Ming dynasty witnessed the maturity of the art, and a large number of valuable pieces were produced in this period. Blue-and-White Porcelain occupies a prominent position in the Chinese porcelain industry, for it accords well with the culture and aesthetic spirit Chinese have long pursued-of simplicity, unaffectedness and ease. As representative of Chinese porcelain, Blue-and-White Porcelain displays a world of conciseness and elegance, serenity and purity.解析：1．原始青花瓷于唐宋已见端倪，成熟的青花瓷则出现在元代景德镇的湖田窑。
专业英语八级(人文知识)模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．Who is considered to be the greatest English dramatist since Shakespeare?A．Oscar Wilde.B．John Galsworthy.C．W.B.Yeats.D．George Bernard Shaw.正确答案：D解析：萧伯纳(George Bernard Shaw)被看成是自莎士比亚以来最伟大的英国剧作家。
知识模块：人文知识2．Theodore Dreiser and Jack London are among the best representative writers of literaryA．naturalism.B．sentimentalism.C．romanticism.D．transcendentalism.正确答案：A解析：西奥多·德莱塞(Theodore Dreiser)和杰克·伦敦(Jack London)均是自然主义的杰出代表，深受达尔文学说的影响。
知识模块：人文知识3．______ deals with how language is acquired, understood and produced.A．PsycholinguisticsB．SociolinguisticsC．NeurolinguisticsD．Anthropological linguistics正确答案：A解析：心理语言学(Psycholinguistics)也称作认知语言学(Cognitive Linguistics)，是对语言的心理学诸因素所作的研究，考察大脑与语言之间的关系，它探讨语言理解、产出和习得的认知过程。
专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析(1)
专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析（1）(1~16/共26题)Play00:0010:52Volume第1题The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______ B. the classical example of two-party system: the American political system —the dominant parties: the Democratic and the【T2】______ parties【T2】______ —the two-party system survived all attempts to assaults C. About dozen parties that nominate【T3】______【T3】______ D. Americans inevitably become one of the two parties because —there is usually no other place to go —most Americans know where they【T4】______ in the system【T4】______ II. Two-party system is so strongly【T5】______ because【T5】______ A The way【T6】______ are conducted: the Americans elect【T6】______ —【T7】______【T7】______ —about 800,000 of other【T8】______,【T8】______ —the congressman from single-member districts B. Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that —major party can maintain its【T9】______【T9】______ —major party is likely to win III. The consequences of the system A the 【T10】______ production of majorities【T10】______ —the competition between two parties —the【T11】______ of the victory of the winning party【T11】______ B. The peaceful【T12】______【T12】______ —the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power —two-party system cannot be destroyed —the【T13】______ can survive the defeat because of 【T13】______ a)the possibility of mamtaining a【T14】______ of the opposition【T14】______ b)the attraction of the support of those opposed to the party in power C. the tendency for the major parties to be【T15】______,【T15】______ e.g. business is conducted across party lines D. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control第2题【T1】第3题【T2】第4题【T3】第5题【T4】第6题【T5】第7题【T6】第8题【T7】第9题【T8】第10题【T9】第11题【T10】第12题【T11】第13题【T12】第14题【T13】第15题【T14】第16题【T15】下一题(17~21/共26题)Play00:0004:56Volume第17题16．A.It includes all the compensation for loss.B.It includes a certificate of posting.C.It is perfect for sending documents of minor value.D.It is usually handled by very particular couriers.第18题17．A.All kinds of parcels.B.Airway letters.C.Railway letters.D.Inland postal packets.第19题18．A.It is signed by the recipient.B.It provides the recipient confirmation of delivery.C.It is free of charge.D.It will cost less at the time of posting.第20题19．A.The compensation for loss is limited.B.It will pay for valuable items.C.The compensation process is speedy.D.The compensation is inadmissible.第21题20．A.Recorded delivery is suitable for sending valuable things.B.Recorded delivery is a service with extra security.C.The packet is signed for by the addressee and a record is kept by the post office.D.The post office delivers recorded delivery to the addressee in person.上一题下一题(22~26/共26题)Play00:0004:23Volume第22题21．A.The packet should be fastened with adhesive substance.B.The packets should be posted in the mailbox.C.The packets needn´t be posted with relevant fee.D.The packets needn´t be wrapped in a strong cover.第23题22．A.Its contents can resist easy damage.B.Registered post provides a protection against damage.C.Registered post receives no special security treatmentD.There is special security treatment for registered post.第24题23．A.Partially included.B.Already covered.C.Partially stamped.D.Already excluded.第25题24．A.Coupons enclosed in the registered letter envelopes.B.Trading stamps sold by the post office.C.Bank notes and currency notes.D.All precious articles sold by the post office.第26题25．A.Neither of them accepts any airway letters.B.They both deliver mails to the addressee in person.C.Both require that the Advice of Delivery Form be signed by the post office official.D.Recorded delivery doesn´t compensate for bank notes, but registered post does.上一题下一题(27~30/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004, this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide compliments. German newspapers described how it "floated above the clouds" with" elegance and lightness"and"breathtaking" beauty. In France, papers praised the "immense concrete giant". Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Boroditsky thinks not.(2) A psychologist at Stanford University, she has long been intrigued by an age-old question whose modern form dates to 1956, when linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf asked whether the language we speak shapes the way we think and see the world. If so, then language is not merely a means of expressing thought, but a constraint on it, too. Although philosophers, anthropologists, and others have weighed in, with most concluding that language does not shape thought in any significant way, the field has been notable for a distressing lack of empiricism—as in testable hypotheses and actual data.(3) That´s where Boroditsky comes in. In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions, she is amassing evidence that, yes, language shapes thought. The effect is powerful enough, she says, that "the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically," not only when they are thinking in order to speak, "but in all manner of cognitive tasks," including basic sensory perception. "Even a small fluke of grammar"—the gender of nouns—"can have an effect on how people think about things in the world,"she says.(4) As in that bridge, in German, the noun for bridge, Briicke, is feminine. In French, pont is masculine. German speakers saw female features; French speakers, masculine ones. Similarly, Germans describe keys (Schluessel) with words such as hard, heavy, jagged, and metal, while to Spaniards keys (Ilaves) are golden, intricate, little, and lovely. Guess which language interprets key as masculine and which as feminine?(5) Language even shapes what we see. People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names—not English´s light blue and dark blue, for instance, but Russian´s goluboy and sinly. Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that´s a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one, but not proving that they actually see the hues differently. In an ingenious experiment, however, Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one. Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names, suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply. Similarly, Korean uses one word for "in" when one object is in another snugly (a letter in an envelope), and a different one when an object is in something loosely (an apple in a bowl). Sure enough, Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit.(6) In Australia, the Aboriginal Kuuk Thaayorre use compass directions for every spatial cue rather than right or left, leading to locutions such as "there is an ant on your southeast leg. " The Kuuk Thaayorre are also much more skillful than English speakers at dead reckoning, even in unfamiliar surroundings or strange buildings.Their language" equips them to perform navigational feats once thought beyond human capabilities," Boroditsky wrote on Edge. org.(7) Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought. In Russian, verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not—as in " she ate (and finished) the pizza. " In Turkish, verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored. Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed, and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay. Similarly, while English says " she broke the bowl," even if it smashed accidentally (she dropped something on it, say), Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like "the bowl broke itself. " " When we show people video of the same event," says Boroditsky, " Englishspeakers remember who was to blame even in an accident, but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions. It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality. "第27题In the first paragraph, the author introduces his topic by______.A.explaining a phenomenonB.justifying an assumptionC.posing a contrastD.making a comparison第28题Lera Boroditsky most probably holds the viewpoint that______.nguage expresses thoughtnguage constrains thoughtnguage determines thoughtnguage and thought interact with each other第29题Which of the following statements is TRUE about the languages mentioned in the passage?A.Both the nouns for bridge and key are feminine in German.B.The language of the Aboriginal Kuuk Thaayorre is really helpful for sailing.C.Korean has a larger vocabulary than English in describing colors.D.Whether an action is completed or not is best shown in Spanish.第30题The author uses the following ways to develop paragraphs EXCEPT______.A.cause and effectB.deduction and inductionC.explanationD.definition上一题下一题(31~34/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) What would the holidays be without lots of tiny twinkling lights? Less colorful and festive—but also a lot safer.(2) From living rooms to front porches across the country, homeowners are stringing millions of lights on Christmas trees or eaves and decorating their windowsills with electric, battery-operated or traditional candles. But according to the federal Consumer Product Safety Commission, too many are doing so with little regard to the hazards. Last holiday season there were about 200 Christmas tree fires in American homes, caused primarily by faulty lights and resulting in 10 deaths and more than $ 10 million in property loss, the Commission says. Another 14,000 house fires are started yearly by misplaced or mishandled flame candles, causing 170 deaths and$350 million in property loss. And about 10,000 people are treated at emergency rooms for injuries from falls, cuts or shocks while hanging lights or decorations.(3) The biggest causes of holiday fires are " candles and live trees" , said Kim Dulic, a Commission spokeswoman. The agency recommends battery-operated candles instead of real or electric, she said, along with fire-resistant artificial trees—or fresh well-watered trees.(4) A cut tree is fresh, she said, if the bottom of its trunk is sticky with resin and its needles are hard to pull and don´t break when bent. It is too dry if it sheds a shower of needles when bounced on the ground. A harvested tree should be cut about a half inch from the bottom and put in water within no more than three to six hours, said Rick Dungey, the public relations manager of the National Christmas Tree Association, in Chesterfield, Mo. " If you wait any longer, air molecules get in the trunk and they prevent the tree from siphoning water,"Mr. Dungey said, adding that people should water often and never let the water go below the cut end. Once a Christmas tree dries out, it is an accident waiting to happen, said Lorraine Carli, the communications vice president of the National Fire Protection Association, in Quincy, Mass. If ignited, it can be engulfed in seconds.(5) The most common cause is electrical—either an overused electrical system or faulty wiring. Brett Brenner, the president of the Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI), in Rosslyn, Va., said homeowners should make yearly inspections. " Cracked sockets, frayed or bare wires and loose connections can cause a serious shock or start a fire," he said. Use no more than one extension cord per socket, and string no more than three sets of lights together. Wires should not run under carpets or through windows or doors. He said outdoor outlets should be protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter—a breaker that trips with any interruption or problem with the ground wire. (An interrupter usually needs to be installed when an outlet is near or exposed to water; it generally costs less than $ 10.)(6) John Drengenberg, the consumer affairs director of Underwriters Laboratories, the testing group in Northbrook, 111., said that if lights are certified for indoors only, they must not be used outside; those certified for outdoors, however, can be used inside. No matter the kind, he said, if the bulbs are the screw-in type, there should be no more than 50 per outlet. Outdoor lights, he said, should be hung with plastic clip-on hangers, not metal nails or staples, which can pierce insulation and cause a short. And what about those who don´t take down their outdoor lights until the wisteria is in bloom in May? " You should never leave lights up all year round," Mr. Drengenberg said. "They´re not designed for year-round use. "第31题Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a cause of the holiday hazards?A.Accidents during decoration.B.Poor quality of bubbles.C.Careless handling of candles.D.Problematic management of lights.第32题According to the passage, what is the BEST choice of Christmas trees?A.A real tree that is soaked in water at the shop.B.A real tree whose needles don´t break when bent.C.An artificial tree with delicate craftsmanship.D.An artificial tree that won´t be engulfed immediately.第33题It can be inferred from Para. 5 that______.A.the ESFI inspects household electrical system annuallyB.electrical devices for outdoor use are not expensiveC.homeowners do not have the particular electrical knowledgeD.an overloaded electrical system or faulty wiring may lead to disasters第34题Which of the following is NOT in accordance with Mr. Drengenberg´s suggestion?A.Never use outdoor lights that are certified for indoor use.B.Put exactly 50 screw-in type bulbs to each outlet.C.Take off the outdoor lights after the Christmas season is over.D.Avoid metal nails or staples when putting on the outdoor lights.上一题下一题(35~37/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) We all know that emotions originate in the brain. But we usually talk about our emotions coming from our hearts. If someone you know doesn´t give up easily, you might say, "He´s got a lot of heart. " Not every culture would agree—for instance, when Italians want to say someone has heart, they say instead,"Ha fegato" : "He has liver. "(2) But what about bad emotions? When you feel so sad or so angry that your heart "aches" , could it actually be true? Two new studies add support to the theory that, yes, what goes on in your mind can break your heart.(3) In the first study, just published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC),a team of eight researchers looking at more than 63,000 women who were participants in the ongoing Nurses´ Health Study, found that those who reported basic symptoms of depression (like feeling down and incapable of happiness) had a higher-than-normal risk of coronary heart disease. And women who were clinically depressed were more than twice as likely as other women to suffer sudden cardiac death. None of the participants had heart problems at the study´s outset, but nearly 8% had symptoms of depression.(4) The researchers theorize that depression might have some direct physiological impact on the heart—like causing it to work harder in the face of stress. The study also found that the more depressed women were, the more likely they were to smoke cigarettes or have high blood pressure and diabetes—not exactly heart-healthy conditions. Or it may be that the antidepressants prescribed to treat those with mood problems were associated with heart ailments; in the study, sudden cardiac death was linked more strongly with antidepressant use than with women´s symptoms of depression.(5) The antidepressant theory is just that—a theory. It could be that the antidepressant takers in the study were simply the most depressed. But if the theory is substantiated by further research, it would add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that antidepressants carry a high risk (particularly for teenagers) when weighed against the drugs´still uncertain benefits. Scientists have already shown that antidepressants are a bad idea for those about to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery.(6) No one is sure exacdy how depression hurts me heart, and one plausible explanation is that the train runs in the opposite direction—a damaged heart and its consequent stress on the bodymight activate, somehow, genes or other physiological changes that contribute to depression.(7) But another new paper, also published in the JACC, lends credit to the idea that it is our moods that work on our hearts and not the other way around. In this paper, researchers from University College London reviewed the findings of 39 previously published articles and found that men who are angry and hostile are significantly more likely to have a cardiac event man those who aren´t. That may sound unsurprising—we all know that anger can stress your heart. But it´s important to note the difference between aggression and just being aggressive. Previous studies have found that so-called type A´s—those who are driven, competitive and obsessed with deadlines—are not more likely to experience heart disease. In other words, your type A co-workers who are annoyingly ambitious and dutiful are no more likely to have a heart attack than you are. Rather, it´s the seething, angry types with underlying hostility who are the ticking time bombs. Anger, it turns out, is physiologically toxic.(8) The authors of the second paper offer the standard theories about how an angry emotion translates to a physical heart attack: angry people have a harder time sleeping; they take prescribed drugs less often; they eat worse, exercise less, smoke more and are fatter. These things add up: compared with the good-humored, those who were angry and hostile—but had no signs of heart problems at the outset—ended up with a 19% higher risk of developing coronary heart disease, according to the University College London paper.(9) The two studies reify gender stereotypes; women get their hearts broken through sadness; men "break" their hearts (via heart attack) through anger. But both studies suggest that men and women have a common interest in understanding that some causes of cardiac disease—poor diet or lack of exercise or bad sleep habits—may have a precipitating cause themselves. Whether male or female, letting yourself get overwhelmed by emotion can damage not only your mind but also that crucial organ, the heart.第35题The relationship between the first study and the second study is that______.A.each presents one side of the pictureB.each presents a different issueC.the second generalizes the firstD.the second proves the first第36题Which of the following has been proven both practically and theoretically?A.Depression has some direct physiological impact on the heart.B.Antidepressants are closely related to heart disease.C.Antidepressants´ disadvantages outweigh their advantages.D.Anger and hostility may contribute to a heart attack.第37题Which of the following expressions is used literally, NOT metaphorically?A.He´s got a lot of heart. (Para. 1)B... .break your heart. (Para. 2)C....the train runs in the opposite direction... (Para.6)D....who are the ticking time bombs. (Para. 7)上一题下一题(38~40/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) A far cry from the pirates and princesses of today, costumes during Halloween´s precursor centuries ago included animal skins and heads, drag getups, and even mechanical horse heads, historians say.(2) Records of the precursor to Halloween—the Celtic new year celebration of Samhain—are extremely threadbare, said Ken Nilsen, professor of Celtic studies at Canada´s St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. "We don´t have actual records telling us what it was like in ancient times, so our knowledge is based principally on folk customs that continued until recent centuries,"Nilsen told National Geographic News.(3) Samhain, however, is known to date back at least 2,000 years, based on analysis of a Celtic bronze calendar discovered in the 1890s in Coligny, France, in what was then called Gaul. The festival marked the end of the Celtic year, when the harvest was gathered and animals were rounded up. It´s said the hides of cattle and other livestock slaughtered at this time were ritually worn during festivities that likely hark back to even earlier pagan beliefs.(4) Ancient Roman writers recorded that tribes in what is now Germany and France held riotous ceremonies where they donned the heads and skins of wild mammals to connect with animal spirits. The custom of wearing animal hides at bonfire-lighted Celtic feast ceremonies survived until recent times, Nilsen notes. " This was certainly done at Martinmas (the November 11 Christian feast of St. Martin) in Ireland and Scotland, which, in the old calendar, would be Halloween,"he said. "There might have been an excess of livestock, so it would make sense to slaughter an animal,"Nilsen said.(5) Samhain night was also a celebration of the dead—the one time the spirits were believed to walk among the living. Again, the earliest rituals aren´t known in detail, but in recent centuries families put out food and even set extra table places for their ancestors at Samhain. It was also a night when people dressed to create mischief and confusion, according to Bettina Arnold of the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. "The spirits of the dead were impersonated by young men dressed with masked, veiled or blackened faces," Arnold wrote in an essay titled Halloween Customs in the Celtic World. These disguises were intended both to protect revelers from any malevolent spirits and to fool households they visited. In Scotland and elsewhere, revelers masquerading as the dead would go around demanding food offerings—a forerunner to today´s trick-or-treating. Nilsen of St. Francis Xavier University added: "People put on costumes which frequently included blackened faces and so on, representing spooks, demons, or whatever. "(6) According to the University of Wisconsin´s Arnold, on Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated—as was the boundary between the sexes. Male youths would dress up as girls and vice versa, she wrote. In Wales, for example, groups of mischievous young men in Halloween drag were referred to as hags. In parts of Ireland, a man dressed as a white horse known as Lair Bhan—an ancient Celtic fertility symbol—led noisy processions at Samhain.(7) Many Samhain ensembles were incomplete without the appropriate accessories; lanterns made with hollowed-out turnips and candles. Later transplanted to North America with Irish immigrants, the tradition would be replicated in the fatter form of the pumpkin, a fruit native tothe New World.第38题The knowledge about the ancient Halloween comes from the following EXCEPT______.A.historians´ introductionB.factual and detailed recordsC.today´s Halloween customsD.books written by ancient Roman writers第39题Which of the following statements about Samhain is TRUE?A.It is the forerunner of today´s Halloween.B.It was the celebration of the new year 2,000 years ago.C.It was celebrated first in Coligny, France.D.It is an occasion of family gatherings.第40题On Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated by______.A.the dead walking among the livingB.the living masquerading as the deadC.boys dressing up as girlsD.men disguising as white horses上一题下一题(15/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第41题PASSAGE ONE上一题下一题(16/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第42题PASSAGE TWO上一题下一题(43~45/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE THREE第43题What does "He´s got a lot of heart. " mean according to the author?第44题What does the author aim to indicate by citing the two new studies?第45题What are the factors that may lead to a physical heart attack? (Please list no more than 3 factors.) 上一题下一题(46~48/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE FOUR第46题What did people do at Martinmas according to the passage?第47题Which word is used metaphorically in Para. 6?第48题What´s the origin of pumpkin lantern according to the passage?上一题下一题(49~58/共10题)PART III LANGUAGE USAGELanguage is fantastically complex. Its built-in means ofcombining and recombining(nesting)of its various levels have【M1】______suggested to many leading linguists that language istheoretically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage.【M2】______It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significantleveling out of language any more than one could detect byobservation that the sun is burning itself out.As far as I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that【M3】______the restructuring process of language overrides the streamliningprocess resulted in a qualitative positive development of【M4】______language. If we decide that language did originally develop,possibly evolving animal communication, we can only do【M5】______so by assuming evolution to be a universally valid principle This type【M6】______of a priori reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-NineteenthCentury "speculative grammar" which was pre-scientific in modern【M7】______sense of the word.However, the observable data neither indicate that such a【M8】______period of pre-historic development even existed, nor they【M9】______suggest a cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or processof simplification that would have to have come into operation atsome time after such a pre-historic development. NoamChomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of the twentiethcentury, has indicated that human language and animalcommunication are not even comparative entities, they are so【M10】______different.第49题【M1】第50题【M2】。
英语专业八级考试模拟试题集
英语专业八级考试模拟试题集一、单选题1、The old man should be treated with____.A.kindB.kindnessC.kindlyD.kinder答案：B2、By local doctors and nurses,we hope more people.A.train,helpB.training,helpingC.training,to helpD.train,helping答案：C3、I don’t have as______money as before,but my life is more______.A.many,usefulB.more,niceC.most,goodD.much,meaningful答案：D4、I hope you will spend as much time as you can______your English.A.to practiceB.practiceC.practicingD.on practice答案：C5、It’s necessary______us all to______.A.for,keeping learningB.to,keeping learningC.of,keep to learnD.for,keep learning答案：D6、All we want to do______to find enough water______the horses.A.are,toB.is,forC.be,asD.is,to give答案：B7、The car is______expensive______he can’t buy it.A.too,toB.so,thatC.such,thatD.enough,that答案：B8、How I______I could live on the moon.A.thinkB.hopeC.wantD.wish答案：D9、I’ve never been out of China_______.What about you?A.alreadyB.overC.beforeD.just答案：C10、Mrs.White has______that she is not able to get a job.A.so little educationB.such little educationC.so a little educationD.such a little education答案：A二、阅读理解短文一Whenever you see an old film,even one made as little as ten years before,you can’t help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part.Their hair styles and make-up look dated;their skirts look either too long or too short;their general appearance is,in fact,slightly ludicrous.The men taking part,on the other hand,are clearly recognizable.There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created entirely by changing fashions.问题What is the main reason for the difference in appearance between men and women in old films?答案：The main reason is the changing fashions.短文二The gorilla is something of a paradox in the African scene.For a hundred years or more he has been killed,captured,and imprisoned in zoos.His bones have been mounted in natural history museums everywhere,and he has always exerted a strong fascination upon scientists and romantics alike.Yet the fact is we know very little about gorillas.No really satisfactory photograph has ever been taken of one in a wild state.问题What is the paradox about gorillas mentioned in the passage?答案：The paradox is that despite being studied for over a hundred years, we still know very little about gorillas.三、完形填空Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable options.The company has been__________for its innovative products.Despite the challenges,she remained__________throughout the project.Blank1:A)recognized B)criticized C)ignored D)forgotten答案：ABlank2:A)optimistic B)indifferent C)skeptical D)pessimistic答案：A四、翻译中文句子翻译成英文随着经济的发展，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高。
英语专八模拟题_套一(包含答案)
英语专八模拟题_阅读专项练习题一，选择题Passage One(1) At a certain season of our life we are accustomed to consider every spot as the possible site of a house. I have thus surveyed the country on every side within a dozen miles of where I live. In imagination I have bought all the farms in succession, for all were to be bought, and I knew their price. I walked over each farmer's premises, tasted his wild apples, discoursed on husbandry with him, took his farm at his price, at any price, mortgaging it to him in my mind; even put a higher price on it—took everything but a deed of it—took his word for his deed, for I dearly love to talk—cultivated it, and him too to some extent, I trust, and withdrew when I had enjoyed it long enough, leaving him to carry it on. This experience entitled me to be regarded as a sort of real-estate broker by my friends. Wherever I sat, there I might live, and the landscape radiated from me accordingly. What is a house but a sedes, a seat? —better if a country seat. I discovered many a site for a house not likely to be soon improved, which some might have thought too far from the village, but to my eyes the village was too far from it. Well, there I might live, I said; and there I did live, for an hour, a summer and a winter life; saw how I could let the years run off, buffet the winter through, and see the spring come in. The future inhabitants of this region, wherever they may place their houses, may be sure that they have been anticipated. An afternoon sufficed to lay out the land into orchard, wood-lot, and pasture, and to decide what fine oaks or pines should be left to stand before the door, and whence each blasted tree could be seen to the best advantage; and then I let it lie, fallow, perchance, for a man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone.(2) My imagination carried me so far that I even had the refusal of several farms—the refusal was all I wanted—but I never got my fingers burned by actual possession. The nearest that I came to actual possession was when I bought the Hollowell place, and had begun to sort my seeds, and collected materials with which to make a wheelbarrow to carry it on or off with; but before the owner gave me a deed of it, his wife—every man has such a wife—changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me ten dollars to release him. Now, to speak the truth, I had but ten cents in the world, and it surpassed my arithmetic to tell, if I was that man who had ten cents, or who had a farm, or ten dollars, or all together. However, I let him keep the ten dollars and the farm too, for I had carried it far enough; or rather, to be generous, I sold him the farm for just what I gave for it, and, as he was not a rich man, made him a present of ten dollars, and still had my ten cents, and seeds, and materials for a wheelbarrow left. I found thus that / had been a rich man without any damage to my poverty. But I retained the landscape, and I have since annually carried off what it yielded without a wheelbarrow. With respect to landscapes, "I am monarch of all I survey. My right there is none to dispute. "(3)I have frequently seen a poet withdraw, having enjoyed the most valuable part of a farm, while the crusty farmer supposed that he had got a few wild apples only. Why, the owner does not know it for many years when a poet has put his farm in rhyme, the most admirable kind of invisible fence, has fairly impounded it, milked it, skimmed it, and got all the cream, and left the farmer only the skimmed milk.(4) The real attractions of the Hollowell farm, to me, were: its complete retirement, being, about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest neighbor, and separated from the highway by a broad field; its bounding on the river, which the owner said protected it by its fogs from frosts in the spring, though that was nothing to me; the gray color and ruinous state of the house and barn, and the dilapidated fences, which put such an interval between me and the last occupant; the hollow and lichen-covered apple trees, gnawed by rabbits, showing what kind of neighbors I should have; but above all, the recollection I had of it from my earliest voyages up the river, when the house was concealed behind a dense grove of red maples, through which I heard the house-dog bark. I was in haste to buy it, before the proprietor finished getting out some rocks, cutting down the hollow apple trees, and grubbing up some young birches which had sprung up in the pasture, or, in short, had made any more of his improvements. To enjoy these advantages I was ready to carry it on; like Atlas, to take the world on my shoulders—I never heard what compensation he received for that—and do all those things which had no other motive or excuse but that I might pay for it and be unmolested in my possession of it; for I knew all the while that it would yield the most abundant crop of the kind I wanted, if I could only afford to let it alone. But it turned out as I have said.(5) All that I could say, then, with respect to farming on a large scale—I have always cultivated a garden—was, that I had had my seeds ready. Many think that seeds improve with age. I have no doubt that time discriminates between the good and the bad; and when at last I shall plant, I shall be less likely to be disappointed. But I would say to my fellows, once for all, as long as possible live free and uncommitted. It makes but little difference whether you are committed to a farm or the county jail.(6) Old Cato, whose "De Re Rustica" is my "Cultivator," says—and the only translation I have seen makes sheer nonsense of the passage—" When you think of getting a farm turn it thus in your mind, not to buy greedily; nor spare your pains to look at it, and do not think it enough to go round it once. The oftener you go there the more it will please you, if it is good. " I think I shall not buy greedily, but go round and round it as long as I live, and be buried in it first, that it may please me the more at last.1.It can be inferred from Para. 1 that________.2.The author’s attitude indicated in the second paragraph is that________.3.Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?4.According to Para. 5 and Para. 6, what is the author’s attitude towards getting a farm?5.Which of the following statements does the author NOT advocate in the passage? Passage Two(1) Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We might prioritize things we can readily tick off our to-do list—answering emails, say—while leaving the big, complex stuff untouched for another day. We can look and feel busy, while artfully avoiding the tasks that really matter. And when we look at those rolling, long-untouched items at the bottom of our to-do list, we can't help but feel a little disappointed in ourselves.(2) The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate. In general, we all tend to struggle with tasks that promise future upside in return for efforts we take now. That's because it's easier for our brains to process concrete rather than abstract things, and the immediate hassle is very tangible compared with those unknowable, uncertain future benefits. So the short-term effort easily dominates the long-term upside in our minds—an example of something that behavioral scientists call present bias.(3) How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It's all about rebalancing the cost-benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tackling it.(4) To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real:(5) Visualize how great it will be to get it done. Researchers have discovered that people are more likely to save for their future retirement if they're shown digitally aged photographs of themselves. Why? Because it makes their future self feel more real—making the future benefits of saving also feel more weighty. When we apply a lo-fi version of this technique to any task we've been avoiding, by taking a moment to paint ourselves a vivid mental picture of the benefits of getting it done, it can sometimes be just enough to get us unstuck. So if there's a call you're avoiding or an email you're putting off, give your brain a helping hand by imagining the virtuous sense of satisfaction you'll have once it's done—and perhaps also the look of relief on someone's face as they get from you what they needed.(6) Pre-commit, publicly. Telling people that we're going to get something done can powerfully amplify the appeal of actually taking action, because our brain's reward system is so highly responsive to our social standing. Research has found that it mattersgreatly to us whether we're respected by others—even by strangers. Most of us don't want to look foolish or lazy to other people. So by daring to say "I'll send you the report by the end of the day" we add social benefits to following through on our promise—which can be just enough to nudge us to bite the bullet.(7) Confront the downside of inaction. Research has found that we're strangely averse to properly evaluating the status quo. While we might weigh the pros and cons of doing something new, we far less often consider the pros and cons of not doing that thing. Known as omission bias, this often leads us to ignore some obvious benefits of getting stuff done. Suppose you're repeatedly putting off the preparation you need to do for an upcoming meeting. You're tempted by more exciting tasks, so you tell yourself you can do it tomorrow (or the day after). But force yourself to think about the downside of putting it off, and you realize that tomorrow will be too late to get hold of the input you really need from colleagues. If you get moving now, you have half a chance of reaching them in time—so finally, your gears creak into action.(8) To make the costs of action feel smaller :(9) Identify the first step. Sometimes we're just daunted by the task we're avoiding. We might have "learnt French" on our to-do list, but who can slot that into the average afternoon? The trick here is to break down big, amorphous tasks into baby steps that you don't feel as effortful. Even better: identify the very smallest first step, something that's so easy that even your present-biased brain can see that the benefits outweigh the costs of effort. So instead of "learn French" you might decide to "email Nicole to ask advice on learning French. " Achieve that small goal, and you'll feel more motivated to take the next small step than if you'd continued to beat yourself up about your lack of language skills.(10) Tie the first step to a treat. We can make the cost of effort feel even smaller if we link that small step to something we're actually looking forward to doing. In other words, tie the task that we're avoiding to something that we're not avoiding. For example, you might allow yourself to read lowbrow magazines or books when you're at the gym, because the guilty pleasure helps dilute your brain's perception of the short-term "cost" of exercising. Likewise, you might muster the self-discipline to complete a slippery task if you promise yourself you'll do it in a nice cafe with a favorite drink in hand.(11) Remove the hidden blockage. Sometimes we find ourselves returning to a task repeatedly, still unwilling to take the first step. We hear a little voice in our head saying, "Yeah, good idea, but...no. " At this point, we need to ask that voice some questions, to figure out what's really making it unappealing to take action. This doesn't necessarily require psychotherapy. Patiently ask yourself a few "why" questions—"why does it feel tough to do this?" and "why's that?"—and the blockage can surface quite quickly. Often, the issue is that a perfectly noble competingcommitment is undermining your motivation. For example, suppose you were finding it hard to stick to an early morning goal-setting routine. A few "whys" might highlight that the challenge stems from your equally strong desire to eat breakfast with your family. Once you've made that conflict more explicit, it's far more likely you'll find a way to overcome it—perhaps by setting your daily goals the night before, or on your commute into work.(12) So the next time you find yourself mystified by your inability to get important tasks done, be kind to yourself. Recognize that your brain needs help if it's going to be less short-sighted. Try taking at least one step to make the benefits of action loom larger, and one to make the costs of action feel smaller. Your languishing to-do list will thank you.6.According to Para. 1, which of the following behavior belongs to procrastination?7.What does the word "upside" in Para. 2 mean?8.It can NOT be inferred from the passage that________.9.Which rhetorical device is used in "...nudge us to bite the bullet" in Para.6?Passage Three(1) You do not need to play in a band to be part of the burgeoning "gig economy. " Nearly everyone has skills or assets they can exploit in their spare time to boost their income—or save money by using one of a new wave of technology-driven services.(2) The market for everything from renting out a spare room or parking space for cash to selling hobby crafts or skills over the Internet is expanding rapidly. Now worth ￡500 million a year, it is expected to grow to ￡9 billion by 2025. Here is how you can participate.PROFIT FROM PROPERTY(3) If you have a spare room in your home, a drive that sits empty or even a garden shed with space not crammed with debris, then there are opportunities to make these dead spaces earn money by finding people who need a room or storage.(4) You can find lodgers through an online marketplace such as gumtree or other online services such as Weroom, mondaytofriday, SpareRoom and EasyRoommate. For those who do not fancy a full-time lodger, then there is the holidaymaker market—with Airbnb and Wimdu among the main options for renting out a room part-time.(5) Homes can also be rented out for film and photography shoots, earning owners between ￡700 and ￡3,000 a day. Location agencies include Shootfactory,Lavish Locations and Amazing Space. Growing demand for space from companies wanting to organize meetings or bonding sessions with fellow workers, who perhaps normally work from home, is another potential gig.(6) A property can prove a valuable asset when offsetting the cost of a holiday. By swapping with other homeowners you can get a free holiday almost anywhere in the world—or earn rental for a home while away. Among the best known of the home-swapping websites are Home Base Holidays, HomeLink, homeforexchange, HomeExchange and Love Home Swap.(7) To rent out your home instead of swapping, consider onefinestay, which does all the hard graft—from preparing your property to rent with toiletries and bed linen, to cleaning once the guests have gone.(8) It is possible to make even the smallest spaces earn their keep by renting outa loft, cupboard, cellar or garden shed to someone needing to store items.(9) Garages and driveways can also be great money-spinners if rented out to drivers wanting an affordable and convenient place to park. According to parking website JustPark, it is possible to earn ￡800 a year on average for a driveway, although in-demand spots near railway stations or music and sports venues can generate ￡3,000 a year.CASH IN ON CARS(10) The average cost of driving a car in London works out at ￡20 an hour, according to car sharing network Zipcar. Its sums take into account the fact a car tends to sit on a drive (or road) for 96 per cent of its lifetime and includes unavoidable bills such as road tax, maintenance, depreciation and insurance.(11) Drivers only actually use their vehicles for 182 hours a year. By giving up car ownership altogether and joining a service such as Zipcar, you can pay as you go, paying ￡5 to ￡10 an hour (plus a membership fee of ￡6 a month or ￡59. 50 a year). You have to be disciplined though, as bringing a motor back late incurs a ￡35 fee.(12) If you prefer to be an owner but want to cut costs, think about hiring out your car to a service such as RideLink. Similar in concept to Zipcar, its fleet is made up of vehicles belonging to thousands of car owners. The difference is that owners set their own prices and renters can often find better value deals than from mainstream hire firms. Car sharing is another boom area where drivers cut journey costs by offering passengers lifts in return for a payment towards fuel costs.(13) Because drivers do not make a profit on such arrangements, it should not impact on motor cover—but check with your insurer first. Mat Gazely knows a thing or two about the gig economy, working for Zopa, one of the biggest players in the peer-to-peer lending market. Such lending allows individuals with spare cash to lend itdirectly to other people at rates far more attractive than they would receive by depositing cash in a bank or building society savings account.TIME IS MONEY(14) Those who have some free time can use their bike to generate extra income. In London, for example, restaurant delivery service Deliveroo employs scores of cyclists and scooter owners to pick up orders from outlets that do not offer their own takeaway service. The pay is ￡6 an hour plus ￡1 per delivery. New arrival, London-based Pedals, also recruits cyclists for delivery jobs posted online that they can pick to fit in with their normal journeys.(15) An alternative is community delivery service Nimber. It connects people wanting items delivered with so-called "bringers"—those who can carry a package while on the move. This means you can earn cash, negotiated online with the sender, by delivering, for example, on a daily commute to work.(16) Over-18s with a mobile phone and handyman skills can consider TaskRabbit,a peer-to-peer website that puts odd-jobbers in touch with those who need tasks done. Once a request for a task is posted, hourly rates are listed for the "taskers" considered most qualified for your job and the buyer chooses.(17) For those with professional skills, such as web design, legal or marketing nous, there is People Per Hour. The website advertises a variety of freelance roles—with job-seekers negotiating directly with the buyer. Those who have an artistic bent and enjoy making things can expand beyond craft fairs by using Etsy, an online marketplace for all things handmade.(18) The instant gratification provided by the gig sector is allowing thousands of participants to convert time into money—but it can be tricky for those whose gig experience takes off to know their responsibilities in terms of financial management, insurance and tax.(19) One key area to watch when joining the gig economy is insurance, especially when renting out areas of your home and property. Brian Brown, at insurance analyst Defaqto, says: "It is likely many kinds of claim will not be paid if an insurer didn't know about a change in circumstance. "(20) " For instance, if you allow someone to use your drive your insurer might exclude certain things, such as damage to fencing or from the leaking of fuel from their vehicle on to your drive. " He also says renting out rooms through Airbnb will most likely mean that any theft or accidental damage claim will be excluded.(21) Humphrey Bowles, of Belong Safe—a provider of insurance with its eyes set on the gig sector—says: "The solutions so far sit with a homesharing website's ' guarantees. ' Many hosts may believe they have insurance when they sign upbecause of the guarantees mentioned and use of phrases such as ‘ peace of mind.’ But in the terms and conditions for Airbnb, for example, it includes wording such as ' Airbnb strongly encourages you to purchase separate insurance that will cover you and your property for losses caused by guests' and ' the entire risk...remains with you.'"(22) Belong Safe, Bowles believes, can alleviate such concerns, allowing hosts to buy cover by the day, when a guest is staying, and covers all risks. Underwritten by insurer Hiscox, it costs from 78 pence a day outside London and up to ￡4 a day in London. One drawback is that the excess is a hefty ￡1,000.(23) Mortgage lenders may also get a bit twitchy with homeowners if they find out they have been letting a room without telling them. In theory, they can call in the loan. David Hollingworth, mortgage broker at London and Country in Bath, says: " With lodgers, a lender will want to receive a ' consent,' so the lodger understands they have no rights if the property is repossessed. "(24) With short-term lets such as Airbnb, it is more of a grey area. He says: "This is something most lenders haven't caught up with yet. Homeowners will find some will be more amenable than others. "10. What does "gig economy" in Para. 1 mean?11. Which of the following is NOT suggested by the author if you have a spare room?12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?13Which category of writing does the passage belong to?14What is the role of the 18th paragraph in the development of the passage?二，简答题Passage One15. What does the word "cream" in Para. 3 refer to?16. What does the author truly want to get from living in a farm?Passage Two17. According to the author, what is the reason for procrastination?18. What does the author mean by saying "Tie the first step to a treat. " in Para. 10?19. What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? Passage Three20. What should people joining the gig economy keep an eye on?21. What is the main idea of the last seven paragraphs?22. Whom do you think this passage is addressed to?答案：1. 推理判断题。
英语专业八级考试模拟试题
NAME: NUMBER:________________（英语专业八级考试全真模拟试卷）TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJIORS-----GRANT EIGHT----TIME LIMIT:70MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(15MIN)SECTION A INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions1to5are based on an interview.A t the end of the interview,you will be given10seconds to answer each of the following5questions.Now listen to the interview.()1.According to Richard,what was the concept of health before the1940s?[A]Mechanical operation of the body.[B]Absence of disease or illness.[C]Physical,mental and social well-being.[D]Clean water,improved sanitation and housing.()2.When did the Who define health in terms of the holist ic operation of a person’s mind,body and sprite?[A]In the1940s.[B]In the1970s.[C]In the1980s.[D]In the1990s.()3.What attitude does Richard hold toward individualistic lifestyles approach?[A]Supportive.[B]Prejudiced.[C]Negative.[D]Confused.()4.According to the socio-ecological view of health.All of the following relate to people’s health EXCEPT[A]Society.[B]Gender.[C]Economy.[D]Environment.()5.Which city holed the first International Conference of Health Promotion in1986?[A]London.[B]T okyo.[C]New Y ork.[D]Ottawa. SECTION B GAP-FILLINGIn this section,you will hear a mini-lecture;you will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening,take notes on the important points.Y our notes will not be marked,but you will need them to complete the gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.When the lecture is over,you will be given2minutes to check and complete the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture.More than40years ago,Lee Kuan Y ew6________what was a poor,decaying colony into a shining,rich and modern city,all the time7________by hostile powers.With his brilliant intellect and powers of8________,he is one of the world’s most b lunt and9__________statemen.O ne of the10__________successes of Lee Kuan Yew’s11________of Singapore was his making Singapore the least corrupt nation in Asia.He says,“They must be12________a wage equal with what men of their ability and integrity are earning for managing a big corporation or13__________legal or other professional practice.They have to manage a Singapore economythat14__________an annual growth rate of eight to nine percent in the last two decades,giving its citizens an15__________income that in1995was the ninth highest in the world.”Part II READING COMPREHENSION(15MIN)SECTION ADirections:In this section,there is a short passage with5questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the FEWEST possible answers questions are based on the following passage.Since the Americans with Disabilities Act became law10years ago,the phrase“assistive technology”has become a common phrase and a booming business.In addition to the installation of sidewalk curb cuts and specially designed access ramps,lifts and b ath r ooms in public places,a wide array of electronic devices and other e quipme nt has been designed to help those with varying degr ees of disabilities lead more enjoyable and productive lives.The popularization of products to assist the disabled has triggered a business boom life of many people with disabilities.The advances have allowed people to live independently,to work and participate in their communities.”Many entrepreneurs get into the assistive technology business literally by accident.For example,one of the world’s top10motorcycle racers was involved in a car accident in1978 which left him blind.He the n studied computer science,started his own company,and developed a p r og ram that reads the content of a computer screen thr ough specialized software and simulated speech synthesizers.Large companies are investing in products for those with disabilities.In June2000,the California Council on the Blind and Wells F argo Bank announced what they said might be the nation’s first effort to install talking automated teller machines.Wells pledged to install audio headphones for visually impaired customers at each of its more than1,500ATMs in California. Despite technological advances and the law that for10years has banned employers from discriminating against job applicants because they have a physical or mental disability,not all the news is good.The Center for an accessible Society reports that American employers have yet to successfully tap the mark et of43million working-age Americans with disabilities.Although the unempl oymen t rate is the lowest in30years,Americans with disabilities still have an unempl oymen t rate of70percent,the same level as a decade ago.16.According to p aragraph one,assistive technology refers to technology u sed to__________________________________________________.17.According to the passage,the disabled people can operate wireless devices by_______________________________________________instead of hands.18.According to p aragraph3,technology is a godsend in that it provides the disabled___________________________________________.19.Which b ank will be the first in America to install talking ATM machines?___________________________________________________________________________20. According to the passage,the unemploy ment rate among the American disabilities10years ago was_______.Section BDirections:There is one passage in this section.The passage is followed by five questions.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United S tates has been that England’s pol icy toward these colonies before1763was dictated by commercial interests and that a ch ange to a more imperial policy,d omi n ate d by the objectives of exp anding the territory by force,ge ne rate d the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.In a recent study,S tephen Saunders Webb has pr e sen ted a formidable challenge to this view.According to Webb,England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution.He sees that monar chs in the sixteenth century were bent on extending centralized executive power over England’s possessions through the use of what Webb calls “garrison(要塞)government”.Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority,in Webb’s view,belonged to the colonial governor,who was appointed by the king and supported by the“garrison”,that is by the local delegation of English troops under the colonist governor’s command.According to W ebb,the purp ose of garrison government was to provide military support for a royal policy designed to limit the power of the u ppe r classes in the American colonies.Webb argues that the colonial legislative assemblies represented the interests not of the common people but of the colonial u p pe r classes,an alliance of merchants and nobles who favored self-rule and sou g h t to elevate legislative authority at the expense of the executive.It was,according to Webb, the colonial governors who favored the small farmer,opposed the plantation system,and tried thr oug h taxation to break up large holdings of land.Backed by the military presence of the garrison,these governors tried to prevent the gentry and merchants,allied in the colonial assemblies,from transforming colonial America into a capitalistic oligarchy（寡头政治）.W eb b’s study illuminates the political alignments that existed in the colonies in the century prior to the American Revolution,but his view of the crown’s use of the military as an instrument of colonial policy is not entirely convincing.England during the seventeenth century was not noted for its military achievements.Not until the war with France in1697did WilliamⅢpersuade Parliament to create a professional standing army,and Parliament’s price for doing so was to k eep the army under tight legislative control.While it may be true that the crown attempted to cut down the power of the colonial uppe r classes,it is hard to imagine how the English army during the seventeenth century could have provided significant military support for such a policy. ()21.According to the long held view,which of the following is NOT the reason that the American Revolution started?A England’s policy toward American colonies had changed.B England u se d to care more about commercial interests.C England’s Kings had lost control of American colonies.D England wanted to use military forces to achieve their objectives.()22.According to W ebb,what is the reason leading to American Revolution?A Monarchs were determined to extend centralized executi ve power over England’spossessions.B The colonial governors w an ted to get away from the royal government.C The royal taxation to the colonies was too much.D The policy of garrison government was not welcomed by the colonial governors at all. ()23.Who does“the executive”(Para2.Line5)refers to in this passage?A The monarchs.B The colonial legislative assemblies.C The colonial governors.D The common people.()24.According to W ebb,what conclusion can be drawn regarding garrison government?A Garrison government gave legislative assemblies in the colonies relatively littleauthority,compared to the authority that it gave the colonial governors.B Garrison govern ment became a less viable colonial policy as the English P arliamentbegan to exert tighter legislative control over the English military.C Garrison govern ment did not favor the smaller farmer.D The creation of a professional standing army in England in1697actually weak enedgarrison governme nt by diverting tr oops from the garrison stationed in the American colonies.()25.What do you think of the author’s attitude toward Webb’s view?A Supportive.B Unbelievable.C Sarcastic.D Doubtful. PART III WRITING(30MIN)Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher.Which do you prefer?Use specific reasons to develop your essay.Write an essay o f300words.Y ou should supply an appropriate title for your essay.In the first part o f your writing you should present your thesis statement,and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details.In the last pare you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. TITLE:PART IV ORAL TEST(10MIN)Directions:Please read the following passage carefully and then express your views on the given event.Y ou will have FOURminutes for preparation.The timelimit for your comment is FIVEminutes.Nowadays,students with“hot”degr ees like compute r science orfinance are more likely to get a jobthan students with a“cold”degreelike geography.Should universitiesgive priority to practical ortraditional courses?Why?参考答案及评分标准:全卷满分100分，以总分的60%计为合格。
英语TEM-8专八测试模拟卷含答案
英语TEM-8专八测试模拟卷含答案I. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best complete the sentence:1. The _ is used by astrologers to help calculate the influence of the planets on people’s lives.A. zephyrB.zodiacC.zymeD.zest2. It’s a _ timetable. Sometime lessons happen, sometimes they don’t.A. haphazardB.odiousC.haughtyD.handicapped3. No men was allowed to _ on the livelihood of his neighbour.A. wadeB.invokeC.muffleD.infringe4. The poor man’s clothes were so _ that they couldn’t be repaired any more.A. oozedB.raggedC.moppedD.mocked5. The scents of the flowers was _ to us by the breeze.A. interceptedB.detestedC.saturatedD.wafted6. The machinery had been wrecked so efficiently that police were sure it was a case of _.A.vagabonedB.sabotageC.paradoxD.tachyon7. The actor amused the audience by _ some well-known people.A. embroideringB.riggingC.yelpingD.mimicking8. The speaker _ us with tales of exotic lands and buried treasure.A. detourB.offsetC.tantalizedD. ushered9. I assure you there was no _ motive in my suggestion.A. ulteriorB.stationaryC. vulgarD. toxic10. Government loan have been the _ of several shaky business companies.A. tornadoB.salvationC.delinquencyD. momentum11. The hunter kept the lion’s skin and head as _.A. trophiesB. filletC. tulipD. clown12. We saw the canoe _ , throwing its passengers into the water.A. prostrateB. overturnC. simulateD. brag13. He has been drinking alcohol so heavily that his death severely affected and got his _ alcoholically.A. quittanceB. qualmC. quailD. quietus14. The orphanage is just one of he r_ causes.A. phoneticB. philanthropicC. prevalentD. lunatic15. After a period of probation a _ becomes a nun.A. sopranoB. hippie C novice D. monsieur16. Despite his wealth and position, he has an _ personality.A. unassumingB. unprecedentedC. underminingD. uncouth17. The island is maintained as a _ for endangered species.A. wetlandsB. sanctuaryC. mire D .heath18. If you _ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.A. adulterateB. moorC. vaccinateD. sue19. A _ is a grill on which meat, fish, and other foods are cooled over hot charcoal, usually out of doors.A. duetB. fagC. tonicD. barbecue20. The _ warned the sleeping troops that the enemy was creeping near.A. pickpocketB. picketC. pikeD. pickup21. When you are suffering from _ you have red spots on your skin and you feel as if you have a cold,A. apathyB. measlesC. impotenceD. schizophrenia22. Their business was war, murder, _ and rape.A. pillageB. auditC. bonanzaD. nectar23. He was brought before the _ for trial.A. tribunalB. isleC. granaryD. observatory24. The guests, having eaten until they were _ , now listened inattentively to the speakers.A. contraceptedB. satiatedC. gripedD. trespassed25. If you spill hot liquid on your skin it will _ you.A. scaleB. scaldC. shunD. shunt26. The meeting took on a different _ after his moving speech.A. presageB. postureC. travestyD. trauma27. While she had the fever, she _ for hours.A .raved B. sniggered C. tittered D. perforated28. The mice _ when the cat came.A. rambledB. lingeredC. saunteredD. scampered29. Many animals display_ instincts only while their offspring are young and helpless.A. cerebralB. imperiousC. ruefulD. maternal30. On August 18th the president announced a general _ for political exiles.A. adoB. yogaC. quartetD. amnestyII. Each sentence has a xsrord or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the ONE word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part:31. She lived on the yonder side of the valley.A.fartherB. nearerC. eitherD. left32. Theolddouple lived in abject poverty.A. honestB. inancialpleteD.noble33. Larry was so absorbed in his novel that she forgot about his dinner cooking in the oven.A. engrossedB. enlivenedC. obligedD. excelled34. His grandfather used to be an admiral.A. a toperB. a generalC. atop naval officerD. a colonel35.She distributed gifts in a bountiful and gracious manner.A.modestB.stingyC.generousD.sparing36. I have just had a long bout of house cleaning.A. hourB. brushC.periodD. fight37. The girls braided their hair with flowers.A. plaitedB. combedC. ecoratedD. dressed38. They got in quite a brawl.A.snitB.fightC.ballyD.littering39. Her brazen contempt for authority angered the officials.A.insolentB. innocentC. insomuchD. isolated40. After the storm the lake returned to its usual calm state.A. flaccidB.placidC. lucidD. acid41.Charles was in no positionto make a judicious decision.A. wiseB. courageC.restedplete42.This wood is too wet to kindle.A. chopB. carveC. dryD. burn43. The politician promised to be candid, but we wondered.A. sweetB. open and frankC. casualD. discreet44. The lambs capered about in the meadow.A. stumbledB. ranC. dancedD. skipped45. Therewas a caption underneath the photograph.A. signatureB. graphC. titleD. design46. She is the most faultless person in the group.A.impeccableB.impartibleC.imminentD.impellent47.The waiter fawned on the rich customers in hopes of a large tip.A. ignoredB.sought favor fromC. sought help fromD. smiled at48. Not wishing to attend thedance, Marie feigned illness.A. infectedB. solicitedC.disguisedD. enacted49. He is one of the young lady's fervent admirers.A. ardentB. firstC. youngD. unseen50. Huey Long's denunciations of the federal government were often inspired by the fervor of his listeners.A. sizeB. curiosityC. cheerfulnessD. zeal51. Fidelity is a quality of character that is admired by most people.A. GenerosityB. ChastityC.FaithfulnessD. Wisdom52.The police will make every effort to capture the fiend who murdered the children.A.foolish personB. wicked personC. hot-headed personD.suspected person53. We found a hamlet in the deep forest with only six families.A. an empty spaceB.a cottageC.a small villageD. a tribe54. The rising prices are harassing the manufacturers and the consumers.A. to the benefit ofB. causing contradictionsC. stimulatingD. worrying55. He is always harping on lack of opportunity.A. talking tiresomely aboutB. talking rapidly aboutC. talking loudly aboutD. talking widely about56. Because the details of the project were rather hazy, we decided to reject the proposal.A. dubiousB. unobtainableC. lucrativeD. vague57.If Mr. Jones had known that she were a criminal, he would never have aided or helpedher in any way.A. curtailedB. repelledC.abetted .D.surfeited58. In front of the house is a small lake hemmed in by thick leafy trees.A. viewedB. blockedC. lined up withD.surrounded59. He refused to see anyone and remained a hermit all his life.A. hereticB. fugitiveC.recluseD. veteran60. She wants to hitch her trailer to your car.A. wreckB. hatchC.connectD. thatch61. Does he love his wealthy mother or only pretend fo mercenary reasons?A. personalB. unexplainedC. instinctD.selfish62. Pick up that mess of dirty clothes and have them washed.A. clutterB.clusterC. clatterD. cloister63. His joke caused mirth in the audience.A. misunderstandingB. confusionughterD. reaction64.A person's miscellaneous expenses include stamps and haircuts.A. foodB.varied monorC. additionalD. annual65. With alittle care you coulci have avoided the mishap.A.accidentB. defeatC. misunderstandingD. riot66. He ushered me to my seat at once.A.guidedB. preservedC. adheredD. engaged67. In winter, many homeless vagabonds prefer to live in prisonather than to live in the open.A. childrenB.wandersC. criminalsD. unemployed workers68.Confucius is considered the greatest of the ancient Chinese sage.A.philosopherB.biographerC.geologistD.geographer69. A concert was given in the saloon of the ship.A. deck houseB. conference roomC.passenger cabinD. bar-room70. Typifcally, ocean reefs teem with fish.A. swarm withB. are slimy withC. are poisonous toD. are uninhabited byIII. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.A) alumnus swivel console raisin cogitate devolve efface verdant glint bikini71. The colleges all have well-kept _ lawns.72. One-piece swimming costumes are more fashionable than _ this year.73. To be a good manager, you must know how to _ responsibility downwards.74. The whole country had tried to _ the memory of the old dictatorship.75. She _ her chair round and stared out across the back lawn.76. He tried to _ her, but she kept saying it was all her own fault.77. For breakfast I have porridge made with water, to which I add _.78. The stream _ upon the moonlight.79. I was just _ upon the meaning of life.80. Several famous _ have agreed to help raise money for the school's restoration fund.B) siphon skid invoice pantomime elf malnutrition tarmac syrup consummate81. In fairy stories, _ are small magical beings who play tricks on people,82. She puts a piece of plastic tubing in her mouth and starts _ as form a huge metal drum.83. Three planes were standing on the _.84. The vegetable curry is served with rice and _.85. The car pulled up toofast and _ on the dusty shoulder of the road.86. _ is an amusing musical play, and is also used to mean mime.87. All the parts have been taken from stock but they need to be _ before shipping.88. Having agreed a price through the computer, the customers own machine can then automatically produce an invoice to _ the deal.89. She always has prune in _ for breakfast.90. Many thousands of refugees have already died from _.C) gore syllabus finale whereupon hooligan skulk tartan skimp ramp paragon91. All the dancers come on stage during the grand _.92. Which modern novels are on the _ this year?93. Many families must _ on their food and other necessities just to meet the monthly rent.94. _ is mainly associated with Scotland.95. The bullfighter was almost _ to death.96. I thought I saw someone in the bushes-perhaps we should call the police.97. _ had sprayed paint all over the car.98. To get to the cinema foyer, you have to push the wheelchair up the _.99. The author seems to view the British system as a _ of democracy.100.I told her she looked fat, _ she threw the entire contents of a saucepan at me and burst into tears.参考答案：I. 1～10 BADDB BDCAB 11～20 ABDBC ABADB21～30 BAABB BADDDII. 31～40 ACACC CABAB 41～50 ADBDC ABCAD51～60 CBCDA DCDCC 61～70 DACBA ABADAIII. 71.verdant 72.bikinis 73.devolve 74 . efface 75 . swivelled76.console 77.raisins 78.glinted 79.cogitating 80.alumni81.elves 82.siphoning 83.tarmac 84.lentils 85.skidded86 . Pantomime 87 . invoiced 88.consummate 89.syrup 90 . mulnutrition 91.finale 92.syllabus 93.skimp 94.Tartan 95. gored96. skulking 97. Hooligans 98. ramp 99. paragon 100. whereupon。
专业英语八级模拟试卷100(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级模拟试卷100(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Money in America Money is anything that is in general use in the purchase of goods and services and in the discharge of debts. Money may also be defined as an evidence of debt owed by society. The money supply in the United States consists of currency (paper money), coins, and demand deposits (checking accounts). Currency and coins are government-created money, whereas demand deposits are bank-created money. Of these three components of our money supply, demand deposits are by far the most important. Most of our money supply is invisible, intangible, and abstract. The two most important inherent attributes that money must possess in a modern credit economy are acceptability and stability. In earlier times in the evolution of money and monetary institutions in the United States, the attributes of divisibility, portability, and visibility were important. The two legal attributes of “legal tender”and “standard money”are not of as much importance today as in the past. The four functions that money often performs are standard of value; medium of exchange; store of value; and standard of deferred payment. In a modern specialized economy and, most especially, are tile most important of these. Although it is agreed that the value of money has fallen in the United States over time, there are three in part conflicting theories of value that have been advanced to explain this phenomenon; the commodity, quantity, and income theories. Most economists today espouse either the second or more typically, the third of these. Any money can retain its value as long as its issuance is limited; it need not have a commodity backing. Inflation or rising prices have been explained by demand and/or supply theories in recent years, although historically the former has been thought to provide the more satisfactory explanation. Our presently circulating coins are credit money or token money in that the market value of metal in the coins is worth less than the face (or mint) value of the coins. Gresham’s Law—i.e., bad money tends to drive out good money—explains why coins with a greater market value than mint value cease circulating. Most of the paper money in the United States consists of Federal’ Reserve notes; the remaining minor types of paper money are called treasury currency.Demand deposits are bankcreated money, the supply of which is limited to any single bank by the amount of its total legal reserves. If it lends more than the amount of its excess reserves it would have an adverse clearing balance. Modern fractional reserve banking grew out of the experiences of early goldsmiths who found that 100 percent reserves were not needed with a reserve requirement ratio of say 20 percent, the banking system as a whole could expand its demand deposits in a 5:1 ratio to its reserves. A monopoly bank could operate as does the entire banking system, since being the only bank it is, in effect, the entire banking system. If some money leaks out of the banking system, its coefficient of credit expansion is reduced from the 5:1 ratio indicated above. The Federal Reserve, or Fed, is a central bank whose prime function is to monitor and control the nation’s money supply and credit through monetary policy in the attempt to stifle inflation, promote economic growth with high employment, and help with the sale of government bounds. It is not clear that the Fed has always understood its powers and purposes. It has had much more success in helping with the sale of government bonds and in performing its service functions than in promoting growth and maintaining stability. The Fed’s three main quantitative weapons, in order of importance, are open market operations; discount rate policy; and changes in legal reserve requirements. It has at times had some moderate success in using some qualitative controls as well.Money in America Money is used to buy goods or services and【1】______ debts. 【1】______In America, money supply consists of【2】______ (paper 【2】______money), coins, and demand deposits【3】______. 【3】______In a modern credit economy, money must possess twomost important attributes: acceptability and【4】______. It also 【4】______has two legal attributes: legal tender and【5】______. 【5】______Money performs four main functions:a. standard of value;b.【6】______;【6】______c. store of value;d. standard of deferred payment.There are three partially conflicting theories of value forexplaining the【7】______ in the value of American money, 【7】______namely the commodity, quantity and income theories.Coins are credit money or【8】______ money whereas 【8】______paper money consists of Federal Reserve notes. Demanddeposits are supplied depending on a bank’s total【9】______ 【9】______reserves.The Federal Reserve, or Fed, as a central bank,【10】______ and 【10】______controls the nation’s money supply and credit.1．【1】正确答案：discharge2．【2】正确答案：currency3．【3】正确答案：checking accounts4．【4】正确答案：stability5．【5】正确答案：standard money6．【6】正确答案：medium of exchange7．【7】正确答案：decline8．【8】正确答案：token9．【9】正确答案：legal10．【10】正确答案：monitorsSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：Diane Larsen-Freeman is a well-known American professor of applied linguistics. This interview was conducted by the editor-in-chief of the Forum.M: How did your career in language education begin?F: Like many Americans getting started in EFL, my first opportunity was with the Peace Corps. I finished my university education, decided I wanted to be of service and to see a bit of the world, so I applied to the Peace Corps and was accepted to be an EFL teacher in Malaysia in Sabah, Borneo. I was there from 1967 until 1969. I had been a psychology major asan undergraduate primarily because I was interested, even then, in how people learn. When I found English language teaching and language in general, I became absolutely fascinated with the language learning process.M: What advice can you give to teachers just beginning their careers in English teaching?F: Because I’m so interested myself in learning, I would say the essence of good teaching is learning to watch your students, learning to read your students’interests, their attention, their engagement, knowing when to move on and when to stay. All of that comes from watching your students, monitoring what they are doing, trying as best you can to see the learning in their faces, in their behavior, and in their demeanor.M: What do you most enjoy about teaching?F: I have to repeat: watching learning take place. I suspect a lot of teachers can relate to this. There are those moments, and they don’t happen every day, when you can see the penny drop. You’ve been working on teaching a particular tense or a reading passage, and all of a sudden, there is that moment of awareness. When you can actually see people go, “Ahh! I see!”Those are the moments I live for as a teacher. Those are the things that keep me going. It’s the joy of watching others learn.M: Along these lines of what goes on in the classroom and moments of awareness, what do you most often see teachers doing wrong in their language classes?F: I hesitate to label anything “wrong”because I think it is really important to see from the teacher’s perspective. Learning to teach is a lifelong process, and you can only do what you know how to do at that time. If you’re in a particular stage of evolution, it’s not “wrong,” it just means that perhaps you yourself haven’t cultivated the awareness or developed the skills that you need, but you are doing the best you can do.M: In the past, I am thinking of audiolingualism, the focus really was on the teacher and almost a performance of drilling.F: That’s a very good metaphor for the teacher, the teacher as a performer, the teacher as drill conductor, but a teacher self-absorbed. I don’t mean that in negative way. I just mean a teacher who is caught up in his or her own performance could be missing the very point of being in the classroom, which is to be watching students’learning and taking cues from the students as opposed to from the lesson plan.M: Teacher as performer, teacher as orchestra conductor. There are other metaphors of the teacher we come across in the literature, teacher as coach, teacher as consultant. How do you respond to the skeptic who says, “What good are these metaphors of teaching? What I need is something to do in my class on Monday morning!”F: It may surprise you, but I am rather sympathetic to such skepticism because I’ve been there. You have to do something! Having said that teachers shouldn’t be caught up in their performance, it is true that they just can’t go in the classroom and let students run the show. You have to come in with some kind of activities, but activities that will remove the focus from you. Now getting back to the question about metaphors, I think teachers need to know what to do on Monday mornings. However that, to some extent, is a short-term view. I think having a good metaphor can sustain your teaching in the longer term. Instead of metaphor, I would suggest a theory of language learning and language teaching can sustain your teaching practice for a long, long time. Accompanying that theory is a metaphor, is a role for a teacher.M: A metaphor or theory can provide guidance in terms of the activities you are likely to use and those you won’t be using.F: That’sright. It acts as a guide. Coherence between one’s theory and one’s practice is essential for a good teacher.M: Have you got a favorite piece of teaching technology?F: I’m pretty old-fashioned. I like chalk and white board markers. I like euisinaire rods to make particular points of language salient. I am very fond of the overhead projector. I am kind of a low-tech person. I am not afraid of technology. I use it in other parts of my professional life, but I think the reason I like these low-tech things is that I can be more spontaneous and interactive with the students who are in front of me. For example, with an overhead projector, I can write down a thought I had or select a relevant article I saw that morning, make a transparency, and use it that day in my class. Or I can take some of my students’ errors or questions and create a transparency, and we can look at them together as a class in order to have people learn from each other’s learning challenges. An OHP is nice too because, at least in theory, it allows you to direct the learners’ attention, to focus learners’ attention. I find that very helpful.M: Diane, let me ask a question about you as an individual. If you weren’t a professor and author, what would you be doing?F: I would probably be an organic gardener. I’d have a small plot of land. I love to garden and get my hands in the dirt, play around and get out of my head sometimes. I love nature. But to tell you the truth, I’ve always wanted to be a teacher. I remember when I was a little girl, I was the oldest in the family, and I would get my brother and my sisters and make them be the students. My parents even put a small blackboard in my bedroom behind my bedroom door. I would call my brother and sisters, I would have them sit on the bed, and I would close the door and there was the blackboard. So I think I’ve always wanted to be a teacher. If I weren’t a teacher I would like to do something in the natural world.M: Are teachers made or born? In your case, I guess born. What do you grow?F: I grow a little bit of everything, I live in Vermont, so we have a rather short growing season. I grow vegetables and flowers. I usually teach in the summer and nothing pleases me more than coming home from teaching, going down to the garden, and picking that evening’s salad.M: I know you travel a lot internationally. In your work with teachers in the United States and other countries, that is, in second language and foreign language settings, do you perceive a gap between TESL and TEFL?F: Most definitely. I think at the psychological level, at the learning process level, we humans around the world have something very much in common with our learning. People may take me to task for this, but I don’t see the language learning process, which seems to me to be uniquely human, is going to differ very much. We have a lot to learn from each other in this regard. But the social, contextual, political, and resource issues loom very large when we compare the amount of exposure to the language and the resources we invest. So at the social level, I think there is a great deal of variation. At the political level, clearly there is. At the economic level, clearly there is. And they all impact on language learning and its accessibility. At the psychological level, the learning process to my way of thinking is, I hesitate to use the word, but I’m going to: universal. There is something about us as humans and our relationship to language that I think is going to transcend individual situations and context, but you should know that’s a highly volatile issue right now.M: Tell us something that most people don’t know about you.F: I have a wonderful family. Wehave two sons, one of whom is about to become a Peace Corps V olunteer, which was his choice. It looks like he will be going to Central Asia. We’ve traveled a lot as a family. I like to think that my sons have been educated with some knowledge of the world, that they still consider world travel to be a privilege, and that they have some sense of a need to give back because we are very privileged in this country.M: I feel privileged to have met you and done this interview. On behalf of the readers of the English Teaching Forum, thank you very much, Diane!11．Diane Larsen-Freeman was a ______ major when she was an undergraduate student.A．sociologyB．psychologyC．philosophyD．anthropology正确答案：B12．Diane Larsen-Freeman advises new teachers to focus on ______.A．the studentsB．class preparationC．class atmosphereD．class interaction正确答案：A13．Diane Larsen-Freeman refrains from saying that some teachers are doing wrong because ______.A．she wants to sound politeB．she thinks language teaching is not a right-or-wrong matterC．she thinks they are doing their bestD．she believes no teaching is perfect正确答案：C14．Diane Larsen-Freeman is fond of using low-tech things in class for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ______.A．she wants to be interactiveB．they are convenientC．they help to focus the learners’ attentionD．she is afraid of technology正确答案：D15．Diane Larsen-Freeman’s sons consider ______ to be a privilege.A．world travelB．educationC．knowledge of the worldD．service正确答案：ASECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：Americans’income growth effectively stalled in June, and consumer spending plunged at the steepest monthly rate since September 2001, the government reported yesterday, fueling new concerns about the strength of the U.S. economic expansion. Overall personal income was flat in June after adjusting for inflation and taxes, the Commerce Department said. Consumer spending dropped 0.7 percent in June, reinforcing other signs that the U. S. economic expansion lost momentum in the spring with rising inflation, higher interest rates and a slowing pace of job creation. The report comes as President Bush and Sen. John Kerry, the Democratic presidential nominee, continue to spar over the effectiveness of the administration’s economic policies. A series of tax cuts and Federal Reserve interest rate cuts helped boost economic growth for much of the past three years, but many analysts had expected stronger employment growth and income gains to fuel a more vibrant recovery by now. The June results “raise increasingly serious questions about the strength and sustainability of the economy in the months ahead,”said Charles W. McMillion, president and chief economist of MBG Information Services. Stock prices fell and bond prices rose yesterday as many investors concluded that the economy may continue to cool, which would both reduce profit growth and ease inflation pressures. Federal Chairman Alan Greenspan said last month on Capitol Hill that the economy had hit temporary a “soft patch,” but that it should not hinder an expansion that appeared to be broadening and gaining momentum. And he signaled that the Fed would likely raise rates gradually to keep inflation under control.16．There are new concerns about the ______ of the U. S. economic expansion.A．durationB．momentumC．prospectD．future正确答案：B17．In the past ______ years, the economy has been growing owing to tax cutsand Federal Reserve interest rate cuts.A．2B．3C．4D．5正确答案：B18．There seems to be ______ the consumer spending drops.A．general pessimism aboutB．some doubt aboutC．different interpretations ofD．much optimism about正确答案：C听力原文：SINGAPORE—Singapore said on Tuesday it would organize a contest to find the tech savvy city-state’s best computer hacker. Six pairs will compete in the Aug. 20 “Black OPS: Hack Attack Challenge 2004,” organized by the government-funded National Infocomm Competency Center, said its marketing manager Yvonne Choo. They will “penetrate, exploit, gain access and obtain privileged information from the other teams’servers, for the purpose of corporate espionage,” the center said on its Web site. Teams will also have to defend their organization’s networks against hacking from other teams in the daylong event, it added. Choo said he hoped the contest would help shed light on ways to prevent actual computer attacks. The prize for the best hacker will be a DVD burner and free computer classes. Asia has been the root of some of the worst attacks by hackers in recent years. In May 2000, the so-called Love Bug virus, released in the Philippines, overwhelmed e mail systems worldwide and caused tens of millions of dollars in damage. Close to 80 percent of Singapore’s 4 million citizens own personal computers and the island is largely considered to be the most technologically advanced in Southeast Asia. Hackers can be jailed for up to three years or fined up to S$10,000 (US$5,810) under the city-state’s Computer Misuse Act.19．According to the report, the contest will last ______ days.A．oneB．twoC．fourD．six正确答案：A20．The chief purpose of the contest is to ______.A．make computer users aware of hackingB．train hacking expertsC．enlighten people on how to prevent computer attacksD．display the harms of hacking正确答案：CPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.1 Some consumer researchers distinguish between so-called rational motives and emotional (or non-rational) motives. In a marketing context, the term rationality implies that the consumer selects goals based on totally objective criteria, such as size, weight, price, or miles per gallon. Emotional motives imply the selection of goals according to personal or subjective criteria (the desire for individuality, pride, fear, affection and status).2 The assumption underlying this distinction is that subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. However, it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, in their view, are to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based upon the individual’s own need structure as well as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear as irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational within the context of the consumer’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. If the behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it at the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. Therefore the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.3 Indeed, some researchers go so far as to suggest that emphasis on “needs” obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously to maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not from subconscious drives but from rational preferences, or what they perceive to be in their own best interests.4 Marketers who agree with this view are reluctant to spend either time or money to uncover subconscious buyer motives. Instead, they try to identify problems that consumers experience with products then on the market. For example, instead of trying to identify any special needs that consumers may have for dog food, the marketer will try to discover any problems that consumers are experiencing with existing brands of dog food. If the marketer discovers that many dog foods leave an unpleasant odor in the refrigerator, he or she can develop a new product that solves this consumer problem and then run advertisements that announce to dog owners that the new product does not impart unpleasant odors. Thus, rather than address consumers’expressed needs, such marketers attempt to discover andsolve consumers’ problems and thereby achieve market success.21．According to the classification of consumer motives, ______ should belong to the category of emotional motives.A．colorB．durabilityC．fashionD．service正确答案：C解析：本题为细节理解题。
英语专业八级模拟试题(阅读练习)
英语专业八级模拟试题(阅读练习)A magazines design is more than decoration,more than simple packaging.It expresses the magazines very character.The Atlantic Monthly has long attempted to provide a design environment in which two disparate traditions --literary and journalistic -- can co-exist in pleasurable dignity. The redesign that we introduce with this issue -- the work of our art director, Judy Garlan -- represents, we think, a notable enhancement of that environment. Garlan explains some of what was in her mind as she began to create the new design:" I saw this as an opportunity to bring the look closer to matching the elegance and power of the writing which the magazine is known for. The overall design has to be able to encompass a great diversity of styles and subjects -- urgent pieces of reporting, serious essays, lighter pieces,lifestyle-oriented pieces,short stories,poetry. We dont want lighter pieces to seem too heavy, and we dont want heavier pieces to seem too pretty. We also use a broad range of art and photography, and the design has to work well with that, too. At the same time, the magazine needs to have a consistent feel,needs to underscore the sense that everything in it is part of one Atlantic world. The primary typefaces Garlan chose for this task are Times Roman, for a more readable body type, and Bauer Bodoni,for a more stylish and flexible display type(article titles, large initials, and so on). Other aspects of the new design are structural. The articles in the front of the magazine, which once flowed into one another, now stand on their own, to gain prominence. The Travel column, now featured in every issue, has been moved from the back to the front. As noted in this space last month, the word "Monthly" rejoins "The Atlantic" on the cover, after a decade-long absence. Judy Garlan came to the Atlantic in 1981 after having served as the art director of several other magazines.During her tenure here the Atlantic has won more than 300 awards for visual excellence.from the Society of illustrators,the American Institute of Graphic Arts,the Art Directors Club,Communication Arts, and elsewhere.Garlan was in various ways assisted in the redesign by the entire art-department staff: Robin Gilmore, Barnes, Betsy Urrico, Gillian Kahn,and Lisa Manning.The artist Nicholas Gaetano contributed as well: he redrew our colophon (the figure of Neptune that appears on the contents page)and created the symbols that will appear regularly on this page (a rendition of our building), on the Puzzler page, above the opening of letters, and on the masthead. Gaetano,whose work manages to combine stylish clarity and breezy strength, is the cover artist for this issue.11. Part of the new design is to be concerned with the following EXCEPT______A) variation in the typefaces.B) reorganization of articles in the front.C) creation of the travel column.D) reinstatement of its former name.12. According to the passage, the new design work involves ______A) other artists as well.B) other writers as well.C) only the cover artist.D) only the art director.13. This article aims to ______A) emphasize the importance of a magazine's design.B) introduce the magazine's art director.C) persuade the reader to subscribe to the magazine.D) inform the reader of its new design and features.TEXT BThis rather puts the 1,068 in Missing Persons in the shade. When Dr Nicholls wrote to the Spectator in 1989 asking for names of people whom readers had looked up in the DNB and had been disappointed not to find, she says that she received some 100,000 suggestions. (Well, she had written to "other quality newspapers" too. ) As soon as her committee had whittled the numbers down,the professional problems of an editor began. Contributors didnt file copy on time ; some who did sent too many: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according Dr Nicholls. There remains the dinner-party game of whos out. That is a game that the reviewers have played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry.After all,the original edition of the DNB boasted:Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest have received hardly less attention than benefactors.Mr.John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he complains that,while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy (the author of Christie entry in Missing Persons) notes.But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escaped by ship to America). It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages.About their lives not much is always known. Of Hugo of Bury St. Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer comments:" Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records f his activities as carver and manuscript painter attest to his versatility". Then there had to be more women, too (12 per cent, against the original DBNs 3), such as Roy Strongs subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks:" her most characteristic feature is ahead attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory". Doesnt seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin) and even managed to give thanks to J. W. Clerke as a contributor, though , as a later edition admits in a shamefaced footnote, "except for the entry in the List of Contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke".14. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume ______A) because it is not worth the price.B) because it has fewer entries than before.C) unless one has all the volumes in his collection.D) unless an expanded DNB will come out shortly.15. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that ______A) the editors had clear rules to follow.B) there were too many criminals in the entries.C)the editors clearly favoured benefactors.D) the editors were irrational in their choices.16. Crippen was absent from the DNB ______A) because he escaped to the U.S.B)because death sentence had been abolished.C) for reasons not clarified.D) because of the editors' mistake.17. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to ______A) illustrate some features of the DNB.B) give emphasis to his argument.C) impress the reader with its content.D) highlight the people in the Middle Ages.18. Throughout the passage, the writer's tone towards the DNB was______A)complimentary.B) supportive.C) sarcastic.D) bitter.。
专八模拟试题
专八模拟试题IntroductionIn recent years, English language proficiency has become increasingly important for individuals seeking global career opportunities and further academic pursuits. The Test for English Majors-Band 8 (TEM-8) has become a widely recognized benchmark for evaluating English proficiency in China. This article aims to provide a simulated TEM-8 question, giving students the opportunity to practice and familiarize themselves with the format and content of the exam.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionIn this section, you will hear a series of conversations and monologues. Listen carefully and answer the questions accordingly. Please note that the audio will be played only once, so pay close attention.Section 2: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow.[Passage]Question 1:According to the passage, what are the benefits of regular exercise?Question 2:What does the term "BMI" stand for?Question 3:In paragraph 2, what does the author mean by "sedentary lifestyle"? Section 3: Grammar and VocabularyChoose the correct option to complete each sentence.1. Marianne _____ studying Chinese for three years.A) has beenB) had beenC) have beenD) will be2. I wish I _____ to the conference last week.A) wentB) have goneC) had goneD) will go3. Despite the heavy rain, _____ able to go for a walk.A) they were stillB) they still wereC) still they wereD) still were theySection 4: WritingWrite an essay of approximately 300 words on the following topic: "The Impact of Social Media on Society." In your essay, discuss both the positive and negative effects of social media, providing examples and supporting evidence. Conclude with your own opinion on the matter.ConclusionWith consistent practice and thorough preparation, students can improve their performance in the TEM-8 exam. The simulated test question provided in this article serves as a valuable resource for students to assess their current English proficiency level and identify areas for improvement. Remember, practice makes perfect, so make the most of this opportunity to enhance your English language skills and achieve success in the TEM-8 exam. Good luck!。
专八模拟试题及答案
专八模拟试题及答案一、听力理解1. 短对话理解听下面一段对话，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the man's major?答案：The man's major is Computer Science.- 问题二：Why does the woman suggest going to the library?答案：The woman suggests going to the library because it is quiet and conducive to studying.2. 长对话理解听下面一段较长的对话，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the main topic of the conversation?答案：The main topic of the conversation is about the upcoming job interview.- 问题二：What advice does the man give to the woman?答案：The man advises the woman to dress professionally and to arrive early for the interview.二、阅读理解1. 阅读理解A阅读下面的短文，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the author's opinion on the importance of a balanced diet?答案：The author believes that a balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health.- 问题二：According to the passage, what are the benefits of eating vegetables?答案：Eating vegetables provides essential nutrients and helps prevent certain diseases.2. 阅读理解B阅读下面的短文，回答以下问题：- 问题一：What is the main purpose of the text?答案：The main purpose of the text is to discuss the impact of technology on education.- 问题二：How does the author view the role of technology in classrooms?答案：The author views the role of technology in classrooms as a tool that can enhance learning experiences.三、完形填空阅读下面的短文，从所给的选项中选出最佳选项填空：- 空格一：The company has been __________ for its innovative products.选项：A) recognized B) criticized C) ignored D) forgotten 答案：A) recognized- 空格二：Despite the challenges, she remained __________ throughout the project.选项：A) optimistic B) indifferent C) skeptical D) pessimistic答案：A) optimistic四、翻译将下列句子从中文翻译成英文：- 句子一：随着经济的发展，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高。
专业英语八级(翻译)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（翻译）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.1．Life is meant to be lived after all, not just survived. Whether in music or literature, painting or architecture, art is what gives soul to our otherwise routine existence. In fact, art should be around us, not in museums. It should be reflected in our landscape and our buildings. It is far more important for us to let our kids, our future, know that art is neither frivolous nor superfluous. We need to show them that art is more than pleasant pictures or soothing music. Art is innovation at its most basic level. Art is conception and inspiration. Most importantly, art is about discovery, not mistakes. In a world where we concentrate on what is right and wrong, what is correct and incorrect, the world of art is a place where judgment is suspended and great discoveries are made because of it.正确答案：生命要活得精彩，而不单单是为了生存。
专业英语八级模拟试卷285(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级模拟试卷285(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Well now, let’s have a look at body systems, I’m going to run through them all very quickly and then we can have a look at them in detail. Now first, ah, have a look at the illustration showing some of the body’s organs. Now you should know most of these already. When we think of organs we usually think of the heart, lungs and kidneys. But, of course, the eyes, ears and brain are also organs and there are many more. Organs are part of the body that do a special job. Now, a group of organs working together is called a system. There are 10 main systems in the human body and they all work together to keep the body going. Now let’s have a quick look at these systems. Now first—the skeletal system. That’ s the bones and the things that hold them together, that we call connective tissues. The skeletal system is the framework of the body. It gives the body its shape and form and it protects the heart, lungs and the brain. The muscle system has the role of moving the body. It also pushes food through the body and makes the blood circulate. Now you can see how these systems work together. The bones couldn’t move without the muscles. And all the systems are controlled by the nervous system. This is made up of the brain, the spinal cord and the nerves. And this system controls all muscle movement. It also controls your senses and makes it possible for you to learn and remember things. Now some people say that the nervous system is the most important system of all but that isn’t really true because all the systems have to work together to keep us alive. They are all essential to life. So you can’ t really say that one is more important than another. Now, the digestive system. The stomach and the intestines are the main parts of this system. They have the job of processing food to provide energy for the body. Food is broken down to a simpler form so that it can be absorbed into the blood. The waste products are removed from the body through the rectum at the end of the intestines. The respiratory system consists of the windpipe and lungs and it takes air into the body. It also separates out the oxygen needed to turn the food you eat into energy for the body. The lungs also get rid of the carbon dioxide, which is collected from the cells by the blood. The blood, the heart and all the blood vessels form thecirculatory system. Now this system carries the food and oxygen around the body. It also collects the waste from the cells and fights bacteria-germs--in the body. The urinary system is made up of the kidneys and bladder. And this system filters certain wastes from the blood and removes them from the body as urine. Now can you see how all these systems are working together--pouring things into the blood and filtering other things out of it—and keeping you alive? Next is the lymphatic system. Now you probably haven’t heard of this one and it’s fairly hard to describe. Lymph is a clear liquid which comes from the blood. It leaves the blood vessels and moves throughout the body, picking up wastes as it goes—things that the body doesn’t want. When it has done its job the lymph flows back into a large blood vessel near the neck. The wastes that it has picked up are then filtered out of the body through the blood. The endocrine system could be called the body’s chemical control. This system is made up of special glands found in many parts of the body. These glands give out hormones which are like chemical messengers. These tell different body systems how to operate. They control things like how tall people become and how energetic they feel. Finally, the reproductive system. This consists of a group of organs involved in making new human ‘beings. In males, the main organs of the reproductive system are the testes and in the females they are the ovaries and the uterus. Now, er, let’s look at some of these systems in more detail ...Body Systems A body system refers to a group of organs, which are parts of the body that do a special job, such as the heart, lungs and kidneys. Ten major body systems in the human body: 1)the skeletal system, which includes the bones and the 【1】______ 【1】______ tissues. 2)the muscle system, which plays the role of moving the body, pushing the food through the body and making the blood 【2】______ 【2】______ 3)the nervous system which is made up of the brain, the spinal 【3】______and the nerves. 【3】______ 4)the 【4】______system which comprises of the stomach and the 【4】______ intestines and 【5】______food to provide energy for the body. 【5】______ 5)the respiratory system which consists of the windpipe and 【6】______and takes air into the body. 【6】______ 6)the circulatory system which includes the blood, the heart, and all the blood 【7】______ 【7】______ 7)the 【8】______system made up of the kidneys and bladder. 【8】______ 8)the lymphatic system. 9)the endocrine system composed of special 【9】______which give 【9】______ out hormones. 10)the 【10】______system consisting of organs involved in making 【10】______ new human beings.1．【1】正确答案：connective2．【2】正确答案：circulate3．【3】正确答案：cord4．【4】正确答案：digestive5．【5】正确答案：processes6．【6】正确答案：lungs7．【7】正确答案：vessels8．【8】正确答案：urinary9．【9】正确答案：glands10．【10】正确答案：reproductiveSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：M: I’m Avi Arditti and this week on Wordmaster: surviving a job interview! Here’s the first bit of advice from human resources consultant Sharon Armstrong: It’s not just words you have to think about, but also how you express them. Avoid, she says, a flat monotone voice that people sometimes get when they are nervous.W: It loses something and I think that it can add so much if you show your excitement and your eagerness to work for that company.M: Next: be prepared for acommon approach known as behavioral-based interviewing.W: And that is where past performance will indicate future performance. So good interviewers will ask you very detailed questions where they’ll put you on the spot and they’ll want to know specifically your role in what you did for a particular project. And so the key to giving a good answer to a behavioral interview question is to do what I call a STAR, S-T-A-R. The S and the T stand for explaining a situation or a task that you were given, the A is the action you took and the R is the results.M: So what you’re saying is that you need to be prepared before you walk into the door.W: Go through some mock interviews, lf you can have friends ask you questions. Practice in the mirror, answering questions. Go in with three or four things you really want to stress about yourself. And then you can bring those out no matter what the question is asked.M: How do you follow up after the interview?W: Please send a thank-you letter. I’m begging you. And you can do it by e-mail. And in that thank-you letter you do a couple of things. Make sure that you express sincere appreciation for the time that they spent interviewing you. You have an opportunity to re-emphasize some of your strongest qualities. You have another chance to make that case as to how your skills match their needs. If there was something that you wish you had said a little more about, again an opportunity to do it here. Now that sounds like a lot to cover, but you do it very briefly, in a short couple of paragraphs and get it out right away.M: Keep it short, keep it simple?W: Absolutely. Again, they’re business people; they don’t have a lot of time. Just getting it is going to make a big difference. I talk to recruiters all the time. They never get thank-you letters. It’s such simple business etiquette that people just don’t take the time to do it.M: These days, interviewers ask tougher questions than they used to.W: It’s no longer” What do you see yourself doing in five years? Those are old questions. They’re asking questions that are going to get at more specific things. For example, “Give me a specific example of a time when a coworker criticized your work in front of others. How did you respond? How has that event shaped the way you communicate with others?”They’re trying to get at your communication skills. “Give me a specific example of a time when you sold your supervisor on an idea or concept. How did you proceed? What was the result?” That’s your assertiveness. So be ready for these kinds of questions, and if you have this experience in your background, just be able to communicate it effectively. You don’t have to use the proper language all the time, just get across your results and your accomplishments.M: And you probably shouldn’t be afraid to say “Well, l don’t understand that question.”W: Absolutely. And don’t feel like you have to answer immediately. Take a moment. Pausing is comfortable--if you’re comfortable with it, it will seem comfortable. But if you sometimes launch into an answer right away, you might head down a road you don’t want to go.M: What kind of answer would you give to that first one?W: I think it’s a hard question and you’ve got to be careful that you’ve answered it honestly but effectively. They don’t want to know that you flew off the handle and you have a very negative response. They’re going to want to know that you have some teamwork skills.M: What if that’s not the truth? What if the last time someone criticized you, you--as you say--flew off the handle, got angry?W: I would say that honestly, say that “I’ve learned from that and I don’t do it anymore.“The secret is to take a weakness and make it into a positive. So say “I used to have a very bad habit of not being able to handle that well but I recognized that that wasn’t getting me anywhere in the business world.”M: And finally, at the end, Sharon Armstrong says be sure to ask some of your own questions, questions like “What are some of the objectives you would like accomplished in this job?”W: Remember that you ate assessing the company as much as they are assessing you, and if you fail to ask questions at the end of the interview, they might interpret that as you not being interested.11．Which of the following statements is NOT true about Armstrong’s STAR?A．A stands for actions.B．T stands for titles.C．S stands for situations.D．R stands for results.正确答案：B12．Armstrong suggests all the following preparations EXCEPTA．looking at the mirror.B．] practicing simulated interviews.C．practicing answering questions.D．finding some of your strong points.正确答案：A13．What shall an interviewee do after the interview according to Armstrong?A．Wait for the recruiter’s notice.B．Revisit the recruiter for the result.C．Send a letter of thanks.D．Give the interviewer a call to confirm their resolution.正确答案：C14．Interviewers nowadays are asking questions that are going toA．get at more specific things.B．get at more general things.C．get at more personal things.D．get at more public things.正确答案：A15．When asking you to give a specific example of a time when a co-worker criticized your work, the interviewersA．want to know about your temper.B．focus on your assertiveness.C．care about your teamwork skills.D．doubt about your honesty.正确答案：CSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：The French President Jacque Chirac has ordered the return to port of a decommissioned aircraft carrier after the highest court in France halted its final voyage to an Indian scrap yard. Environmental groups including Greenpeace say that asbestos on board the ship the Clemenceau will be a health hazard to any workers involved in dismantling it. The Clemenceau has proved a toxic headache for France, with this just the latest chapter in a series of embarrassments. Now, France’s highest court has issued a ruling, ordering the transfer to be suspended and President Chirac has agreed that the Clemenceau should return to France until a definitive solution is found. The issue had already begun to overshadow his visit to India due at the end of this week. The French President is also ordering test to discover exactly how much asbestos is still on board.16．France’s highest court halted the final voyage of the Clemenceau because A．the French President Jacque Chirac has ordered the return of it.B．some substances on board the ship may harm people’s health.C．the Clemenceau should return to France at the end of the week.D．the French President is ordering a test to discover what is on board.正确答案：B听力原文：The American Vice President Dick Cheney has said he accepts full responsibility for accidentally shooting and injuring a fellow hunter over the weekend. Mr. Cheney has been coming under increasing pressure over the incident. The White House did not report the shooting until a day after it took place. And the Democratic Party’s leader in the Senate, Harry Reid, has accused the Bush Administration of being secretive. Harry Whittington, the elderly lawyer who was shot by Mr. Cheney has since suffered a minor heart attack at the hospital in Texas where he is being treated. In his first comment since the incident, Mr. Cheney said he had shot a friend. “Ultimately, I am the guy who pulled the trigger that fired the round to hit Harry. And, you can talk about all of the other conditions that existed at the time, but that’s the bottom line. And there was no... That was not Harry’s fault. You can’t blame anybody else.”17．The man Mr. Cheney accidentally shot and injured isA．a doctor.B．a secretary.C．a lawyer.D．a leader.正确答案：C18．The Bush Administration has been accused by Harry Reid ofA．being covert.B．shielding Dick.C．being dishonest.D．attacking the victim.正确答案：A听力原文：The United States has strongly criticized the broadcast of previously unseen images of alleged prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq. The images, which show prisoners apparently being tortured and humiliated, have been shown on television stations across the world. The American Defense Department confirmed the authenticity of the pictures, but said releasing them could only serve to incite unnecessary violence. The American authorities are very unhappy that these new disturbing images from Abu Ghraih have seen the light of day. The State Department has dismissed them as disgusting and defended the US government’s decision to try and stop their publication.19．Which of the following statements about the American Defense Department is TRUE?A．It has denied the authenticity of the pictures of abused prisoners.B．It has supported the decision to stop the publication of the pictures.C．It has considered the pictures of abused prisoners unacceptable.D．It has been worrying about the violence incited by the pictures.正确答案：D听力原文：The front-runner in the presidential election in Haiti Rene Preval has accused the electoral authorities of committing fraud in an attempt to stop him winning outright. With almost all the votes counted, Mr. Preva1 is just short of the majority needed to avoid a second round. Two people were killed during unrest in the city. The United Nations Security Council has called for calm and extended the mandate of its peace mission in Haiti by six months. According .to official electionfigures with around 90 per cent of the votes counted, Rene Preval is just short of the 50 per cent he needs to avoid a second round runoff. Speaking in the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince, he said he’d seen gross errors and probably gigantic fraud. Claiming a first round victory, he urged his supporters to keep up protests, but he also called them on to be mature, responsible and non-violent.20．If Rene Preval’s supporters exceeded 50% of the total voters, he wouldA．surpass another candidate.B．be the president of Haiti.C．avoid a second round runoff.D．defeat his rival in the first round.正确答案：CPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Large part as a consequence of the feminist movement, historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. Although much has been accomplished for the modern period, premodern cultures have proved more difficult: sources are restricted in number, fragmentary, difficult to interpret, and often contradictory. Thus it is not particularly surprising that some earlier scholarship concerning such cultures has so far gone unchallenged. An example is Johann Bachofen’s 1861 treatise on Amazons, women-ruled societies of questionable existence contemporary with ancient Greece. Starting from the premise that mythology and legend preserve at least a nucleus of historical fact, Bachofen argued that women were dominant in many ancient societies. His work was based on a comprehensive survey of references in the ancient sources to Amazonian and other societies with matrilineal customs--societies in which descent and property rights are traced through the female line. Some support for his theory can be found in evidence such as that drawn from Herodotus, the Greek “historian” of the fifth century B. C, who speaks of an Amazonian society, the Sauromatae, where the women hunted and fought in wars. A woman in this society was not allowed to marry until she had killed a person in battle. Nonetheless, this assumption that the first recorders of ancient myths have preserved facts is problematic. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons, it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact--real Amazonian societies--but rather to offer “moral lessons”on the supposed outcome of women’s rule in their own society. The Amazons were often characterized, for example, as the equivalents of giants and centaurs, enemies to be slain by Greekheroes. Their customs were presented not as those of a respectable society, but as the very antitheses of ordinary Greek practices. Thus, I would argue the purpose of accounts of the Amazons for their male Greek recorders was didactic, to teach both male and female Greeks that all-female groups, formed by withdrawal from traditional society, are destructive and dangerous. Myths about the Amazons were used as arguments for the male-dominated status quo, in which groups composed exclusively of either sex were not permitted to segregate themselves permanently from society. Bachofen was thus misled in his reliance on myths for information about the status of women. The sources that will probably tell contemporary historians most about women in the ancient world are such social documents as gravestones, wills and marriage contracts. Studies of such documents have already begun to show how mistaken we are when we try to derive our picture of the ancient world exclusively from literary sources, especially myths.21．All of the following are stated by the author as problems connected with the sources for knowledge of premodern cultures EXCEPT ______.A．in completenessB．restricted accessibilityC．difficulty of interpretationD．limited quantity正确答案：B解析：本题为细节题。
专业英语八级(生活类英译汉)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（生活类英译汉）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. TRANSLATIONPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESEDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese.1．Perhaps this tells us that people need to know one another to be at their honest best. The vast majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of the American character. For that reason, there are numerous watch-dog committees at all levels of society. Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty? There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow. When times are hard, incidents of theft and cheating usually go up. And when times get better such incidents tend to go down. Cheating in school also tends to ebb and flow. But it doesn’t seem linked to the economy. Many educators feel that as students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat. Surprisingly, some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating —a person may feel “they don’t trust me anyway.” and be tempted to “beat the system.”Distrust can be contagious. But, so can trust!正确答案：也许这就告诉我们，人们需要相互认识以达到最诚实的境界。
专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析(4)
25．
A.Freddy is strongly in favour of Mary´s ideas.
B.Freddy is mildly in favour of Mary´s ideas.
C.Freddy is strongly against Mary´s ideas.
D.Freddy is mildly against Mary´s ideas.
B.Advances in modern telecommunications.
C.Recent changes in people´s concepts.
D.More potential damage to the area.
第25题
24．
A.Because personal contact through travel is significant.
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(27~30/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
第17题
16．
A.Because the existing airports are to be wasted.
B.Because more people will be encouraged to travel.
专业英语八级(人文知识)模拟试卷120(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷120(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．The 1954 Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to______ for his “mastery of the art of modern narration”.A．William FaulknerB．John SteinbeckC．Saul BellowD．Ernest Hemingway正确答案：D解析：1954年海明威凭借《老人与海》获诺贝尔文学奖。
诺贝尔文学奖评委称其具有“现代叙述艺术的精湛技巧”。
知识模块：人文知识2．______ was Edmund Spenser’s masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the great poems in the English language.A．AmorettiB．The Shepherd’s CalendarC．The Faerie QueeneD．Four Hymns正确答案：C解析：长诗《仙后》是英国杰出诗人Edmund Spenser的杰作，它是英国诗歌创作的典范。
Spenser在《仙后》一诗中首创著名的“斯宾塞诗体”，影响深远。
知识模块：人文知识3．“We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents A．the conceptualist view.B．contextualism.C．the naming theory.D．behaviorism.正确答案：B解析：语境论的代表人物是弗斯(J．R Firth)，语境论者认为语言的意义离不开使用语言的语境，语义不是抽象的，它存在于语境之中，它来自语境，取决于语境。
专业英语八级模拟试题及答案
专业英语八级模拟试题及答案一、单选题（共49题，共98分）1.The old man shopd be treated with____.A.kindB.kindnessC.kindlyD.kinder2.The children shopd go to school instead of to support their families.A.to workB.workC.worksD.working3.By local doctors and nurses, we hope more people.A.train, helpB.training, helpingC.training, to helpD.train, helping4.I don’t have as ______ money as before, but my li fe is more______.A.many , usefpB.more ,niceC.most, goodD.much, meaningfp5.I hope you will spend as much time as you can ________ your English.A.to practiceB.practiceC.practicingD.on practice6.It’s necessary _________ us all to ________A.for, keeping learningB.to, keep learningC.of, keep to learnD.for, keep learning7.All we want to do ______ to find enough water _______the horses.A.are, toB.is , forC.be ,asD.is ,to give8.There is ______ little information about him that we have ______ much difficpty finding him.A.so, suchB.such, soC.so, soD.such, such9.That ’s ________exciting news that I’d like to tell everyone to share the joy.A.soB.suchC.such anD.so a piece of10.I ’d like to have a long holiday, but I’m really too busy to _____ the time.A.affordB.spendC.shareD.enjoy11.The foreigners _________there, but they _________the food there at first.A.u sed to live, didn ’t be used toB.are used to living, didn ’t use toed to live , weren ’t used toed to living, usedn ’t to12.The car is _____ expensive _____ he can’t buy it.A.too, toB.so, thatC.such, thatD.enough, thatst Friday I saw some boys ______ behind Daniel, _____ the computer games.A.sit, watchinB.sitting, watchC.sit, watchD.sitting, watched14.How I _____ I copd live on the moon.A.thinkB.hopeC.wantD.wish15.It’s necessary ______ us to keep our pets clean everyday.A.ofB.forC.withD.between16.---Wopd you like to go out for a walk with us?A.Of course notB.That ’s all righ tC.I ’d love toD.Yes, I do17.Is Tom at school today?No, He ’s at home ______ he has a bad cold.A.becauseB.ifC.untilD.before18.______ hard work it is!A.What aB.How aC. WhatD.How19.Mrs. White has _____ that she is not able to get a job.A.so little educationB.such little educationC.so a little educationD.such a little education20.People in some areas don’t have to pay for their ______.A.medicine treatB.medical treatC.medicine treatmentD. medical treatment21.Dr. Yang worked ______ three days ago.A.in hospitalB.at hospitalC.in a hospitalD.At a hospital22.Mr. Green is used to_________ two apples after lunch every day.A.eatB.eatingC.eatenD.ate23.The old man lives in a village_______, but he neverfeels________.A.alone; aloneB.lonely; aloneC.lonely; lonelyD.alone; lonely24.I ’ve nev er been out of China___________. What about you?A.alreadyB.overC.beforeD.just25.—I came to your office yesterday morning, but nobody was in.A.have hadB.hadC.were havingD.had had26.—Do you mind__________ here?A.me to smoke; Not at allB.my smo king; Yes, I don ’tC.me to smoke; Certainly notD.If I smoke; No. Please27.I_______ that there_______ an evening party on Saturday evening.A.was told; was going to haveB.was told; was going to beC.heard; was going to haveD.was said; is going to be28.We all found_____ to play the game.A.that interestedB.this interestingC.it interestingD.it ’s interesting29.I don’t understand ____ be lieve him.A.why don ’t youB.why you noC.why you don ’tD.why not you30.How long have you____?A.marriedB.be marriedC.got marriedD.been married31.He arrived____ London ____ a cold winter night.A.at; atB.in; onC.in; inD. \; on32.- We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.A.was happeningB.to happenC.has happenedD.having happened33.The little boy didn’t know_______.A.Which hat is hiB.which hat his isC.which hat was hisD.which hat his was34.Tom, with his parents______ to America. They_____ back in two weeks.A.have gone; will comeB.has gone; will comeC.have been; have comeD.have been; come35.It’s important_____ a foreign languageA.of us to learnB.For us to learnC.of us learningD.for us learning36.______ they are twin sisters, they don ’t look like each other.A.BecauseB.SinceC.ThoughD.However37.I don’t know ______ a show. Can you tell me?A.how organizeB.what organizeC.what to organizeD.how to organize38.My coat__________ there behind the door. Can ’t you see it?A.is hangedB.is hangingC.hangsD.has hung39.Project Hope is an organization _____ raises money to build schools and buy books for poor children.A.thatB.whoC.whatD.where40.—Have you finished the work?A.failedB.tryingC.triedD.failing41.They ’d like ____ thank the following people _____ their help and support.A.to; toB.for; forC.to; forD.for; to42.You ’d better sing. It doesn’t ______ whether you can sing well or not.A.workB.matterC.problemD.affect43.It’s your job________ the pop stars.A.introduceB.introducingC.introducesD.to introduce44.—How do you like this dress?A.OrB.SoC.ButD.Since45.The radio is________ a strange signal. What’s wrong with it?A.giving upB.giving inC.giving outD.giving away46.I ______ that I were a bird.A.wishB.hopeC.wantD.expect47.I hope my father____ ask me about my marks.A.notB.not toC.won ’tD.don ’t48.The fans were very excited______ David Beckham came to the show.A.soB.becauseC. butD.and49.I think____ important to learn English well.A.thisB.thatC.itD.you are1、正确答案： B2、正确答案： D3、正确答案： C4、正确答案： D5、正确答案： C6、正确答案： D7、正确答案： B8、正确答案： C9、正确答案： B10、正确答案： A11、正确答案： C12、正确答案： B13、正确答案： ABC14、正确答案： D15、正确答案： B16、正确答案： C17、正确答案： A18、正确答案： C19、正确答案： A20、正确答案： D21、正确答案： C22、正确答案： B23、正确答案： D24、正确答案： C25、正确答案： C26、正确答案： C27、正确答案： C28、正确答案： B29、正确答案： C30、正确答案： D31、正确答案： B32、正确答案： C33、正确答案： C34、正确答案： B35、正确答案： B36、正确答案： C37、正确答案： C38、正确答案： B39、正确答案： A40、正确答案： B41、正确答案： C42、正确答案： B43、正确答案： D44、正确答案： B45、正确答案： C46、正确答案： A47、正确答案： C48、正确答案： B49、正确答案： C。
专业英语八级模拟试卷374(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语八级模拟试卷374(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Improving Your Conversation Skills Good morning, everyone. Today, I would like to discuss with you methods of improving your conversation skills. It is known to us that it might take a while to change the conversation habits that you have formed in your life, but it is very possible. To avoid making this lecture longer than necessary, let’s just skip right to some common mistakes many of us have made in conversations and their corresponding solutions. (l) Firstly, let’s deal with the mistake of not listening. Don’t be like most people. Don’t just wait eagerly for your turn to talk. Learn to really listen to what people are actually saying. When you start to listen, you’ll pick up on loads of potential paths in the conversation. (2) But avoid yes or no type of questions as they will not give you much information. If someone mentions that they went fishing with a couple of friends last weekend, you can for instance ask questions like “Where did you go fishing?”, “What do you like most about fishing?”, etc. The person will go deeper into the subject giving you more information to work with and more paths for you to choose from. If they say something like “Oh, I don’t know. “ at first, don’t give up. Ask again. They do know and they just have to think about a bit more. And as they start to open up the conversation, it becomes more interesting, because it’s not on auto-pilot any more. Ok, now let’s come to tightening up. When in conversation with someone you just meet or when the usual few topics are exhausted, an awkward silence or mood might appear. You might just become nervous not knowing exactly why. Leila Lowndes once said, “Never leave home without reading the newspaper. “(3) If you’re running out of things to say, you can always start talking about the current news. It’s also good to stay updated on current hot topics, like what happened on the latest episode of a film. Comment on the aquarium at the party, or on a girl’s cool Halloween costume or the host’s. You can always start new conversations about something in your surroundings. Thirdly, feeling nervous when meeting someone for the first time. (4) If you feel nervous when meeting someone for the first time, assume rapport. It means that you imagine how you feel when you meet one ofyour best friends. And pretend that this new acquaintance is one of your best friends. Don’t overdo it. But if you imagine this, you’ll go into a positive emotional state. And you’ll greet and start talking to this new person with a smile and a friendly and relaxed attitude,because that’s how you talk to your friends. It might sound a bit crazy or too simple. But it really works. Fourthly, poor delivery. One of the most important things in a conversation is not what you say, but how you say it. A change in these habits can make a big difference since your voice and body language are vital parts of communication. There are some points you should remember. Slowing down. When you get excited about something, it’s easy to start talking faster and faster. Try to slow down. It will make it much easier for people to listen to you and for you to actually get what you are saying across to them. (5) Speaking up. Don’t be afraid to talk as loud as you need to be heard. Speaking clearly. Don’t mumble. Speak with emotion. No one listens for that long if you speak with a monotone voice. Let your feelings be reflected in your voice. (6) Using pauses. Slowing down your talking and adding a small pause between thoughts and sentences will create a bit of tension and anticipation. People will start to listen more attentively to what you’re saying. Learn a bit about improving your body language as it can make your delivery a lot more effective. Learn about laughter, posture, how to hold your drinks, etc. (7) Finding a balance between listening and talking. Don’t interrupt someone when they are telling some anecdote or their views on what you are discussing to divert the attention back to yourself. In the following I’ll talk about having to be right. (8) Avoid arguing and having to be right about every topic. Often a conversation is not really a discussion. It’s more of a way to keep a good mood going. No one will be that impressed if you “win”every conversation. Instead just sit back, relax and help keep the good feelings going. (9) Apart from all of the above referred, someone often worries about being boring. Don’t talk about your new ear for 10 minutes without stop to your surroundings. Always be prepared to drop a subject when you start to bore people. OK! At last, take it easy. Don’t do these all at once. You’ll just feel confused and overwhelmed. (10) Instead, pick out the most important things that you feel needs improving. Work on them every day for three to four weeks. Notice the differences and soon your new habits will start to pop up spontaneously when you are in a conversation. That’s all! Thank you for your attention.Improving Your Conversation Skills Some common mistakes we have made in our conversations and the corresponding solutions. 1.【1】. Solutions: 1) Learn to listen to people’s words; 2) Avoid【2】type of questions; 3) Prod a little further if someone says something like”Oh, I dot’t know. “ 2. Tightening up. Solutions : 1) Read the newspaper before leaving home and talk about the【3】; 2) Talk about something in your surroundings, comment on the aquarium at the party, costumes, etc. 3. Feeling ill at ease when meeting others for the first time. The solution: Assume【4】. Procedures: 1) Imagine how you feel when meeting one of your best friends; 2) Don’t overdo it. 4. Poor delivery. Solutions: 1) Slowing down; 2)【5】; 3) Speaking clearly; 4) Using【6】; 5) Improving the body language, e. g. how to hold your drinks, etc. ; 6) Finding abalance between【7】. 5. Having to be right. The solution: Avoid arguing and having to be right about【8】 6. Being【9】The solution: End a subject when people are bored. 7. Conclusions: 1) Choose【10】things in need of improving; 2) Work on them every day for three to four weeks; 3) Notice the differences.1．正确答案：Not listening2．正确答案：yes or no3．正确答案：current news4．正确答案：rapport5．正确答案：Speaking up6．正确答案：pauses7．正确答案：listening and talking8．正确答案：every topic9．正确答案：boring10．正确答案：the most importantSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：Natalie: 2 million high school seniors are gearing up this fall to apply to nearly 3,500 US colleges. So, which are the strongest academically that are toughest to get into? We all need to know that, right? Well the Princeton Review ranks the Best 361 Colleges, the Smart Students Guide to Colleges. Robert Franek is the lead author. Rob, good to see you again. Robert: Thanks for having me back. Natalie: Look at the size of this thing. I mean this is a lot of information here. Robert: It’s a lot of information, you’re right. We’ve reached out to so many students—110,000—to rank the best 361 colleges this year. Natalie: So this is a survey of just the students then with their feedback on their campuses?Robert: Exactly. We think we know a lot about schools at Princeton Review, but we went directly to whom we considered power experts. Natalie: How does this differ to US News and World Reports Rankings, and Newsweek along with Kaplan’s rankings?Robert: It’s a qualitative survey of the students’ experience both academically, as well as outside the classroom. And talking the strongest schools academically first, usually of course we expect the Harvard, Princeton, Yale, which they’re up there as well, but this year, kind of a little bit o1”surprise is, Reed College in Portland, Oregon score highest marks. Natalie: Yeah! Why is that? Are you surprised?Robert: Actually not surprised. 1 mean, ur, Reed college is a great school. It’s got great regional reputation, and growing national reputations, only 1,300 students, but a wonderful liberal arts school. We went directly to students, they told us that their professors were great, both inside as well as outside the classroom. Natalie: Tiny school!Robert: Tiny school. Yeah!Natalie: About ten students per class?Robert: Yeah! Well. It’s averaged uh ten to one, student to faculty ratio. So certainly small and they pride themselves on that relationships with the professors. Natalie: All right! Can you tell us about some other categories?Robert: Well, Ivy Leagues did very well in other categories as well, like toughest schools to get into and top in that list, MIT was first, followed then by Yale, Princeton, ur, and Harvard, second, third, fourth respectively. Natalie: So any surprises there with them?Robert: There are some unusual aspects on that list. We reach directly out to school administrators through our website Princetonreview. com, and finding out information on schools specifically, where they’re looking from the SAT, ACT, GPA coming into a high school, so that’s how we come up with our list. Natalie: Students’happiest with their financial aid packages: Princeton University. So what are they doing differently? Obviously, it’s generally a very expensive private school. What are they doing now?Robert: Yeah, one of the most aggressive policies that Princeton has put into place over the last couple of years is matching students aid packages, so thatthey need to, ur, be allowed to get that aid package for every student. They’re matching any aid that the student needs, once they have been admitted to the university. Natalie: The overall happiest students: Stanford University. Robert: Stanford is a terrific place to go to school. Certainly a super competitive school, but when we think about quality of life, oh, it’s a beautiful campus, great food, great dorms, great library, overall quality of life. And great and happy students. Natalie: All right! Now speaking of beautiful campuses, Pepperdine scored top. Robert: It’s perfect. Of course, right on the beach, it’s a lovely campus, you know, certainly a wonderful school academically, but thinking about quality of life and overall beauty of campus it certainly came to the top of the list. Natalie: All right! Let’s also talk about best for athletics intercollegiate and intramural. University of Florida in Gainesville. Robert: Yeah! Again, I mean, a school that has wonderful school spirit, and so many students are gonna get excited, not only about academics and the experience they’re gonna have there, but the athletic experience overall at school. So University of Florida is certainly No. 1 on the list. Natalie: And I think it’s also important that you also have different categories as well, but some schools scored very well based on their, ur. reaching out to the gay community, and New College of Florida was the tops there. Robert: Yeah! New College of Florida is an interesting school with part of the University of South Florida. It branched off a couple of years ago. And it’s important again to think about diversity issues, gay and lesbian issues, religious issues on campus, that is the locus of the best 361, and we’re so proud of doing it at the Princeton Review. Natalie: Talking about the category best party school, and topping that list, the focus is at University of Wisconsin in Madison. Probably take a little issue with it, but. . . they ranked the highest, and of course Ohio University is on the mountain. Robert: Yes. And again we went directly to the students; we asked them about alcohol use, drug use on campus, hours of studies spent outside the classroom and popularity for tourism and so on, that’s how we came up with that party school list this year. Natalie: All right. Robert Franek, Thank you so much. Robert: Good to see you.11．Which is the correct information about the Best 361 Colleges survey carried out by the Princeton Review?A．They have reached up to 3,500 students to put best 361 colleges this year.B．The results are based on the feedback of the college students and their teachers.C．It’s a qualitative survey of the students’ experience both academically, as well as outside the classroom.D．They have taken the advice of many experts in higher education.正确答案：C12．Which school ranks No. 1 in the list?A．HarvardB．Reed CollegeC．PrincetonD．Yale正确答案：B13．Which of the following statements about Reed College is correct?A．It enjoys greatest national reputations.B．It has 13,000 students.C．The student to faculty ratio is about ten to one.D．The professors were great inside the classroom, though they are not as great outside the classroom.正确答案：C14．Why are students the happiest with their financial aid packages in Princeton University?A．Because it is the least expensive private school.B．Because it is matching any aid that the student needs, once they have been admitted to the university.C．Because it is a super competitive school.D．Because it has a beautiful campus, great food, great dorms, great library, overall quality of lif正确答案：B15．Which school tops the list based on reaching out to the gay community?A．New College of Florida,B．University of Florida.C．University of Wisconsin.D．Ohio University.正确答案：ASECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：The State Department recognizes about 100 sponsoring organizations for its Secondary School Student Exchange Visitor Program. These organizations are responsible for supervising the students and placing them with host families. Safety activists say parents should be careful in choosing a sponsoring organization. Students should never leave their home country without knowing who their host family will be. Something else to know is how the organization investigates families that want to host exchange students. (6)Students in the exchange program must be 15 to 18 years old. They must have no more than 11 years of education (12, ifthe student went to kindergarten) and a good record in school. They must also speak English well. And they must agree to accept the rules of the exchange program and their host family.16．Exchange students must have the following qualifications EXCEPTA．over 11/12 years of education.B．speaking English well.C．a good record in school.D．being 15 to 18 years old.正确答案：A听力原文：In America, May and June are the traditional months for graduations. (7) The most recent student survey showed that just one-fifth of those who looked for jobs before graduation have one by now. Engineering and accounting graduates were more likely to have started their job search already and to have accepted a job. These are among the best paid professions for people with just a college degree. On average, engineering majors expect to start at about $ 62,000 a year. Accounting majors expect about $ 45,000. So how can students increase their chances for a job? The most effective tool is a school’s career counseling center. (8) Counselors can help students with job applications and preparing for interviews. They also let students know about job openings and events like job recruitment fairs. They can also help first-year students decide what to study. Another way to look for a job is to do an internship. This is when a student gets experience in a position that may or may not be paid. The latest survey found that 73% of graduates who did get jobs had completed an internship.17．______of students have found a job by now.A．One-fifthB．Four-fifthC．0.27D．0.73正确答案：A18．The advantages Of counselors include all the following EXCEPTA．helping students with job applications and preparing for interviews.B．letting students know about job openings and job recruitment fairs.C．helping students get experience in a position.D．helping first-year students decide what to study.正确答案：C听力原文： A new report says the number of foreign students in t he United States reached a record high in 2008. More than 670,000 international students attended an American college or university last year. That was 8% higher than theyear before. In all, seven of the ten top countries sent more students last year, just as the economic downturn was worsening. (9)For the eighth year, India remained the leader in sending students to the United States. More than 100,000 students from India attended American schools last year. That was 9% more than the year before. China again sent the second largest number, more than 98,000, an increase of 21%. The number of South Korean students increased 9% to 75,000. (10) Canada was the fourth, which was the only non-Asian country in the top five. Japan fell to fifth place. Business management was again the most popular area of study for international students. The next most popular subjects are engineering, math and computer science.19．How long has India been the first large country to send students to study in America?A．Seven years.B．Two years.C．Eight years.D．Nine years.正确答案：C20．According to the news item, which of the following statements is TRUE?A．China has sent more than 100,000 students to American schools.B．The number of Chinese students increased 9% to 75,000.C．Canada was the only non-Asian country in the top five.D．The most popular subject for international students is engineering.正确答案：CPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.All over the world, more boys are born than girls. Evolutionary biologists believe that this is because boys are more likely to die at a given age than are their female contemporaries. The imbalance at birth thus means that the sex ratio balances at the age when people are reproducing. But for decades there has been a puzzling trend in the boy. girl ratio. In Britain, as well as in the United States and Canada, the proportion of boys being born is dropping. No one knows why, although it has been suggested, somewhat controversially, that the trend is due to chemical pollutants that are mimicking the effects of sex hormones. And yet there is another recent trend that may have something to do with it. During the same period, the proportion of single mothers has been increasing. The reasons {or this are less puzzling, but as the Italian nominee to the European commission, Rocco Battalions, found out when he apparently suggested that single mothers were not very good as parents, it is no lesscontroversial. The question is, could the two trends be linked? Can household arrangements affect the human sex ratio? According to Karen Norberg, of the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, they can Dr. Norberg found that the chance a woman giving birth to a boy rather than a girl is higher if she has been living with a man before the child was conceived. To be specific, for parents who were living together, boys were born 51. 50% of the time, while when the parents were not cohabiting only 49. 90% of births were male. This difference may seem small, but statistically it is highly significant, which suggests it is the result of evolution. Actually, as with so much else in biology, Charles Darwin got there first. In “The Descent of Man”, he referred to studies showing that among children born out of wedlock there were more girls than boys. Dr. Nordberg’s work reinforces the point, and also shows that it is not formal marriage, but actual cohabitation, that is the decisive factor. What neither Darwin’s nor Dr. Nordberg’s work shows, though, is why. There are some clues. In work on other mammals, researchers have found an association between hormones, the frequency of copulation, and the sex of the of fspring. In other words, there is a way the body might “know” if it is cohabiting with someone by the amount of sex it is getting. It is also known that a woman’s hormonal motivation to have sex is highest on the day of ovulation, and that sex on that day is more likely to result in a girl. Couples who live apart, and therefore probably have intercourse less often, may be more likely to do so when the motivation is highest—resulting in a girl. This chain of reasoning, though, provides only what workers in the field call a proximate cause. What is needed for a complete explanation is an ultimate—evolutionary—cause. It is easy to speculate. Perhaps same-sex children are easier for a lone parent to rear. Perhaps parents pass on different kinds of benefits to same-sex offspring and opposite-sex offspring. Perhaps a father helps his son to learn sex-specific skills. Perhaps boys are simply more costly to raise than girls, and would thus overtax the resources of a lone parent. However, a more controversial possibility is that—in a Darwinian sense only —Mr. Battalion is right that two parents are sometimes better than one. It is well established, in both humans and other species, that successful males have lots of offspring, while unsuccessful ones have few or none. Females, by contrast, show a smaller range of reproductive output, with most having some offspring, but none having as many as the most successful males. The upshot is that it makes evolutionary sense to have sons when circumstances favour them becoming big, strong, clever and handsome (and therefore attractive to women), but -when they do not, it is better for a woman to have daughters, most of whom will find a mate even in tough times. In the case of humans, circumstances favoring the raising of strong, healthy children could include having two parents around, since humans are unusual among mammals in that fathers are often involved in parental care. Of course, even if this evolutionary explanation of Dr. Nordberg’s result does turn out to be correct, it probably does not carry any lessons for the modern world. Such biological patterns would have been established hundreds of thousands—or possibly millions—of years ago. Bringing up children alone in a rich, industrialized society is a rather different proposition from bringing them up in a hunter-gatherer band, and there is no reason to suppose they would he ata disadvantage now. Except, perhaps, that with a surplus of women around, it will he even harder than it is today for a girl to find a suitable husband when she grows up.21．The author seems to______ that chemical pollutants cause the changes of boy: girl ratio at birth.A．agreeB．denyC．doubtD．believe正确答案：B解析：推断题。
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（英语专业八级考试全真模拟试卷）
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJIORS
-----GRANT EIGHT----
TIME LIMIT: 70 MIN
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 MIN)
SECTION A INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview, you will be given 10 seconds t o answer each of the following 5 questions. Now listen to the interview.
( ) 1. According to Richard, what was the concept of health before the 1940s?
[A] Mechanical operation of the body.
[B] Absence of disease or illness.
[C] Physical, mental and social well-being.
[D] Clean water, improved sanitation and housing.
( ) 2. When did the Who define health in terms of the holist ic operation of a person ’s mind, body
and sprite?
[A] In the 1940s. [B] In the 1970s. [C] In the 1980s. [D] In the 1990s.
( ) 3. What attitude does Richard hold toward individualistic lifestyles approach?
[A] Supportive. [B] Prejudiced. [C] Negative. [D] Confused.
( ) 4. According to the socio-ecological view of health. All of the following relate to people
’health EXCEPT
[A] Society. [B] Gender. [C] Economy. [D] Environment.
( ) 5. Which city holed the first International Conference of Health Promotion in 1986?
[A] London. [B] Tokyo. [C] New York. [D] Ottawa.
SECTION B GAP-FILLING
In this section, you will hear a mini-lecture; you will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete the gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given 2 minutes to check and complete the gap-filling task. Now listen to the mini-lecture.
More than 40 years ago, Lee Kuan Yew 6________what was a poor, decaying colony into a
shining, rich and modern city, all the time 7________by hostile powers. With his brilliant intellect and powers of 8________, he is one of the world ’s most b
lunt and 9__________statemen. One of the 10__________successes of Lee Kuan Yew ’s 1
1________of Singapore was his making Singapore the least corrupt nation in Asia. He says, “They
must be 12________a wage equal with what men of their ability and integrity are earning for managing a big corporation or13__________legal or other professional practice. They have to manage a Singapore economy NAME: NUMBER: ________________。