英语语法20030年01月试卷
大学英语六级真题2003年01月_真题无答案
大学英语六级真题2003年01月(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionSection ASSS_SINGLE_SEL1.A It has nothing to do with the Internet.B She needs another week to get it ready.C It contains some valuable ideas.D It's far from being ready yet.SSS_SINGLE_SEL2.A The woman is strict with her employees.B The man always has excuses for being late.C The woman is a kind-hearted boss.D The man's alarm clock didn't work that morning.SSS_SINGLE_SEL3.A The woman should try her luck in the bank nearby.B The bank around **er is not open today.C The woman should use dollars instead of pounds.D The bank near the railway station closes late.SSS_SINGLE_SEL4.A Make an appointment with Dr. Chen.B Wait for about three minutes.C Call again some time later.D Try dialing the number again.SSS_SINGLE_SEL5.A He is sure they will succeed in next test.B He did no better than the woman in the test.C He believes she will pass the test this time.D He felt upset because of her failure.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.A The woman has to attend a summer course to graduate.B The man thinks the woman can earn the credits.C The woman is begging the man to let her pass the exam.D The woman is going to graduate from summer school.SSS_SINGLE_SEL7.A Fred is planning a trip to Canada.B Fred usually flies to Canada with Jane.C Fred persuaded Jane to change her mind.D Fred likes the beautiful scenery along the way to Canada.SSS_SINGLE_SEL8.A Hang some pictures for decoration.B Find room for the paintings.C Put more coats of paint on the wall.D Paint the walls to match the furniture.SSS_SINGLE_SEL9.A He'll give a lecture on drawing.B He doesn't mind if the woman goes to the lecture.C He'd rather not go to the lecture.D He's going to attend the lecture.SSS_SINGLE_SEL10.A Selecting the best candidate.B Choosing a campaign manager.C Trying to persuade the woman to vote for him.D Running for chairman of the student union.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.A To study the problems of local industries.B To find ways to treat human wastes.C To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.D To conduct a study on fishing in the Riramichi River.SSS_SINGLE_SEL12.A Lack of oxygen.B Overgrowth of water plants.C Low water level.D Serious pollution upstream.SSS_SINGLE_SEL13.A They'll be closed down.B They're going to dismiss some of their employees.C They'll be moved to other places.D They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.SSS_SINGLE_SEL14.A There were fewer fish in the river.B Over-fishing was prohibited.C The local Chamber of Commerce tried to preserve fishes.D The local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch. Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL15.A Oral instructions recorded on a tape.B A brief letter sealed in an envelope.C A written document of several pages.D A short note to their lawyer.SSS_SINGLE_SEL16.A Refrain from going out with men for five years.B Stop wearing any kind of fashionable clothes.C Bury the dentist with his favorite car.D Visit his grave regularly for five years,SSS_SINGLE_SEL17.A He was angry with his selfish relatives.B He was just being humorous.C He was not a wealthy man.D He wanted to leave his body for medical purposes.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.SSS_SINGLE_SEL18.A They thought it quite acceptable.B They believed it to be a luxury.C They took it to be a trend.D They considered it avoidable.SSS_SINGLE_SEL19.A Critical.B Skeptical.C Serious.D Casual.SSS_SINGLE_SEL20.A When people consider marriage an important part of their lives.B When the costs of getting a divorce become unaffordable.C When the current marriage law is modified.D When husband and wife understand each other better.Part Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPassage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world's favorite academic title: theMBA( Master of Business Administration ).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of**merce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to **panies some day."If you are going into the corporate world it is sill a disadvantage not to have one," said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. "But in the last five years or so,when someone says, ' Should I attempt to get an MBA? 'the answer a lot more is: It depends. ,The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degrees and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to **plaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hires "extremely disappointing" and said "MBAs want to move up too fast, they don't understand politics and people, and they aren't able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they're out looking for other jobs."The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women's movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. "They don't get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,'' said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.21.According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?SSS_SINGLE_SELA Scornful.B Appreciative.C Envious.D Realistic.22.It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by __________SSS_SINGLE_SELA **plaints from various employersB The success of many non-MBAsC The criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD The poor performance of MBAs at work23.What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review?SSS_SINGLE_SELA They are usually self-centered.B They are aggressive and greedy.C They **plaining about their jobs.D They are not good at dealing with people.24.From the passage we know that most MBAsSSS_SINGLE_SELA can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD cherish unrealistic expectations about their future25.What is the passage mainly about?SSS_SINGLE_SELA Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D A debate held recently on university campuses.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town's 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬) taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property- tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska's educators and the state's largest teachers' union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state's share of school funding.It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $1.5 million needed to keep schools open.But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next year's state aid, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller -- perhaps more acceptable -- taxincrease. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including $ 600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $ 250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will cost the district $ 275,000 more.Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14 local and national television stations and networks. The president of the National Education Association, the MEA's parent organization, flew from Washington, D. C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated.Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership (破产管理) and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week.26.We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA by both the local and state governmentsB exclusively by the local governmentC mainly by the state governmentD by the National Education Association27.One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staffB to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issuesC to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the publicD to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools28.The author seems to disapprove of ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA the Michigan lawmakers' endless debatingB the shutting of schools in KalkaskaC the involvement of the mass mediaD delaying the passage of the school funding legislation29.We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are more concerned about ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA a raise in the property-tax rate in MichiganB reopening the schools there immediatelyC the attitude of the MEA's parent organizationD making a political issue of the closing of the schools30.According to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of ________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA **plexity of the problemB the political motives on the part of the educatorsC the weak response of the state officialsD the strong protest on the part of the students' parents Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:German Chancellor (首相) Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy (遗产) includes many of today's social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated inpart by **passion (怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compensation law in 1884.By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation inthe world that lacked workers' compensation insurance. America's injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but theystill faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees bad to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers' compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War II, benefit payments to American workers didnot keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a **mission to study the problems of workers' compensation. Two years later,**mission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for **pensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states' average weekly wages.In fact, the **pensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states' average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system, it's not surprising thatdoctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.31.The world's first workers' compensation law was introduced by Bismarck ___________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA to make industrial production saferB to speed up the pace of industrializationC out of religious and political considerationsD for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement32.We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe ___________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsB resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplaceD met growing resistance from laborers working at machines33.One of the problems the American injured workers faced in **pensation in the early 19th century was that ___________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of lawB different states in the U.S. had totally **pensation programsC America's **pensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingD they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident34.After 1972 workers' compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workers so that ___________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA the poverty level 1hr a family of four went up drasticallyB there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsC the number of workers suing for damages increasedD more money was allocated to **pensation system35.The author ends the passage with the implication that ___________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB the workers are not the only ones to benefit from **pensation systemC people from all walks of life can benefit from **pensation systemD money floating in **pensation system is a huge, drain on the U.S. economyPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy.., demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption….We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."Americans have responded to Lebow's call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies -- Japan and the United States -- show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Over consumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically, high consumption may by a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, goodwork, friendship, family **munity have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow -- that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of over consumption -- poverty -- is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin American, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?36.The emergence of the affluent society after World War Ⅱ_______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumersB gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismC led to the reform of the retailing systemD resulted in the worship of consumerism37.Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is _______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA the conversion of the sale of goods into ritualsB the people's desire for a rise in their living standardsC the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consume38.Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?SSS_SINGLE_SELA Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.C Because over consumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.D Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.39.According to the passage, consumerist culture _______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA cannot thrive on a fragile economyB will not aggravate environmental problemsC cannot satisfy human spiritual needsD will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries40.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB there is never an end to satisfying people's material needsC whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueD how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemPart Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure41.I have my eyes tested anti the report says that my _______ is perfect.SSS_SINGLE_SELA outlookB visionC horizonD perspective42.He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in _______ with the Imperial Museum.SSS_SINGLE_SELA collectionB connectionC collaborationD combination43.In those days, executives expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for _______, to retire at the age of 65.SSS_SINGLE_SELA integrityB denialC incompetenceD deduction44.Others viewed the findings with _______, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be shown.SSS_SINGLE_SELA optimismB passionC cautionD deliberation45.The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle _______ was caused by unusually low temperatures immediately before the launch.SSS_SINGLE_SELA expeditionB controversyC dismayD disaster46.When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are _______ to fall.SSS_SINGLE_SELA timelyB simultaneousC subjectD liable47.The music aroused an _________ feeling of homesickness in him.SSS_SINGLE_SELA intentionalB intermittentD intrinsic48.I bought an alarm clock with a(n) _______ dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.SSS_SINGLE_SELA supersonicB luminousC audibleD amplified49.The results are hardly _______; he cannot believe they are accurate.SSS_SINGLE_SELA credibleB contraryC criticalD crucial50.This new laser printer is _______ with all leading software.SSS_SINGLE_SELA comparableB competitiveC compatibleD cooperative51.The ball __________ two or three times before rolling down the slope.SSS_SINGLE_SELA swayedB bouncedC hoppedD darted52.He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and __________ itin a single nod, a gesture boys used then for O. K. when they were pleased.SSS_SINGLE_SELA shruggedB tuggedD twisted53.Many types of rock are __________ from volcanoes as solid, fragmentary material.SSS_SINGLE_SELA flungB propelledC ejectedD injected54.With prices __________ so much, it is difficult for the school to plan a budget.SSS_SINGLE_SELA vibratingB fluctuatingC flutteringD swinging55.The person who __________ this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise.SSS_SINGLE_SELA originatedB speculatedC generatedD manufactured56._______ that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before traditional sources become inadequate.SSS_SINGLE_SELA ConcerningB AscertainingC AssumingD Regarding57.Her jewelry _______ under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.SSS_SINGLE_SELA glaredB glitteredC blazedD dazzled58.Connie was told that if she worked too hard, her health would_______.SSS_SINGLE_SELA deteriorateB degradeC descendD decay59.We find that some birds _______ twice a year between hot and cold countries.SSS_SINGLE_SELA transferB commuteC migrateD emigrate60.As visiting scholars, they willingly _______ to the customs of the country they live in.SSS_SINGLE_SELA submitB conformC subjectD commit61.More than 85 percent of French Canada's population speaks French as a mother tongue and _______ to the Roman Catholic faith.SSS_SINGLE_SELA catersB adheresC ascribesD subscribes62.The professor found himself constantly _______ the question: "How could anyone do these things?"SSS_SINGLE_SELA presidingB poringC ponderingD presuming63.Weeks _______ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.SSS_SINGLE_SELA terminatedB elapsedC overlappedD expired64.In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which _______ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.SSS_SINGLE_SELA relieveB reconcileC reclaimD rectify65.How much of your country's electrical supply is __________ from water power?SSS_SINGLE_SELA deducedB detachedC derivedD declined66.She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of**pany's client data, which she intended to _______ in starting her own business.SSS_SINGLE_SELA dwell onB come uponC base onD draw upon67.The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are__________.SSS_SINGLE_SELA intricateB fragileC subtleD crisp68.Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only __________ the crisis.SSS_SINGLE_SELA acceleratesB prevailsC ascendsD precedes69.He blew out the candle and __________ his way to the door.SSS_SINGLE_SELA convergedB gropedC stroveD wrenched70.Often such arguments have the effect of __________ rather than clarifying the issues involved.SSS_SINGLE_SELA obscuringB prejudicingC tacklingD blockingPart Ⅳ ClozeWhen women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and (71) than malemanagers?Some research (72) the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such a: greater (73) , an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a (74) to bring emotional factors to bear (75) making workplace decisions. These differences are (76) to carry advantages**panies, (77) they expand the range of techniques that can be used to (78) **pany manage its workforce (79) .A **missioned by the International Women's Forum (80) a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men ) that (81) from **mand-and-control style (82) used by male managers. Using this "interactive leadership" approach,"women (83) participation, share power andinformation, (84) other people's self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these (85) reflect their belief that allowing (86) to contribute and to feel (87) and important is a win-win (88) good for the employees and the organization." The study's director (89) that " interactive leadership may emerge (90) the management style of choice for many organizations."71.SSS_SINGLE_SELA confrontedB commandedC confinedD committed72.SSS_SINGLE_SELA supportsB arguesC opposesD despises73.SSS_SINGLE_SELA combinationB cooperativenessC coherenceD correlation74.SSS_SINGLE_SELA willingnessB loyaltyC sensitivityD virtue75.SSS_SINGLE_SELA byB inC atD with76.SSS_SINGLE_SELA disclosedB watchedC revisedD seen77.SSS_SINGLE_SELA thereforeB whereasC becauseD nonetheless78.SSS_SINGLE_SELA helpB enableC supportD direct79.SSS_SINGLE_SELA evidentlyB preciselyC aggressivelyD effectively80.SSS_SINGLE_SEL。
00015英语(二) 全国2003年1月自考 试题
全国2003年1月高等教育自学考试英语（二）试题课程代码：00015本试题分选择题和非选择题两部分。
选择题1至7页，非选择题8至9页，共9页。
选择题50分，非选择题50分，满分100分。
将全部答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。
考试时间150分钟。
PART ONEⅠ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points,1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并写在答题纸的相应括号内。
1.He had a large ( )of facts to prove his statements.A. sumB. amountC. dealD. number2.( ) Japanese, she has to study another foreign language.A. ExceptB. Except forC. In addition toD. Beside3.It is not until about the time a child enters school ( ) outside forces contribute to feelings about the self.A. whenB. whichC. whoD. that4.Scientists will have to come up ( ) new methods of increasing the world’s food supply.A. toB. withC. againstD. for5.It is impossible to solve ( ) in such a short time.A. so difficult a problemB. so difficult problemC. a so difficult problemD. so a difficult problem6.The decision( ),the next problem was how to make a good plan.A. having madeB. having been madeC. has been madeD. having been making7.We take this opportunity of expressing our sincere ( ) of your help.A. competitionB. attentionC. concentrationD. appreciation8.An assembly line makes it impossible for a worker to do anything ( ) work.A. other thanB. rather thanC. more thanD. better than9.We mus t cut ( )our expenses ,or we’ll run out of money.A. downB. offC. inD. out10. ( ) whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision.A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet knownC. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet knownⅡ.Colze Test(10 points,1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
2003年考研英语一真题答案解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。
从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。
接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。
第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。
此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。
二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。
首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。
注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。
其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。
idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。
2003年1月英语六级真题及答案
2003年1月英语六级真题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.1. A) It has nothing to do with the Internet.B) She needs another week to get it ready.C) It contains some valuable ideas.D) It’s far from being ready yet.2. A) The woman is strict with her employees.B) The man always has excuses for being late.C) The woman is a kind-hearted boss.D) The man’s alarm clock didn’t work that morning.3. A) The woman should try her luck in the bank nearby.B) The bank around the corner is not open today.C) The woman should use dollars instead of pounds.D) The bank near the railway station closes late.4. A) Make an appointment with Dr. Chen.B) Wait for about three minutes.C) Call again some times later.D) Try dialing the number again.5. A) He is sure they will succeed in the next test.B) He did no better than the woman in the test.C) He believes she will pass the test this time.D) He felt upset because of her failure.6. A) The woman has to attend a summer course to graduate.B) The man thinks the woman can earn the credits.C) The woman is begging the man to let her pass the exam.D) The woman is going to graduate from summer school.7. A) Fred is planning a trip to Canada.B) Fred usually flies to Canada with Jane.C) Fred persuaded Jane to change her mind.D) Fred likes the beautiful scenery along the way to Canada.8. A) Hang some pictures for decoration.B) Find room for the paintings.C) Put more coats of paint on the wall.D) Paint the walls to match the furniture.9. A) He’ll give a lecture on drawing.B) He doesn’t mind if the woman goes to the lecture.C) He’d rather not go to the lecture.D) He’s going to a ttend the lecture.10. A) Selecting the best candidate.B) Choosing a campaign manager.C) Trying to persuade the woman to vote for him.D) Running for chairman of the student union.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) To study the problems of local industries.B) To find ways to treat human wastes.C) To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.D) To conduct a study on fishing in the Biramichi River.12. A) Lack of oxygen. C) Low water level.B) Overgrowth of water plants. D) Serious pollution upstream.13. A) They’ll be closed down.B) They’re goin g to dismiss some of their employees.C) They’ll be moved to other places.D) They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.14. A) There were fewer fish in the river.B) Over-fishing was prohibited.C) The local Chamber of Commerce tried to preserve fishes.D) The local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) Oral instructions recorded on a tape.B) A brief letter sealed in an envelope.C) A written document of several pages.D) A short note to their lawyer.16. A) Refrain from going out with men for five years.B) Stop wearing any kind of fashionable clothes.C) Bury the dentist with his favorite car.D) Visit his grave regularly for five years.17. A) He was angry with his selfish relatives.B) He was just being humorous.C) He was not a wealthy man.D) He wanted to leave his body for medical purposes.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) They thought it quite acceptable.B) They believed it to be a luxury.C) They took it to be a trend.D) They considered it avoidable.19. A) Critical. C) Sceptical.B) Serious. D) Casual.20. A) When people consider marriage an important part of their lives.B) When the costs of getting a divorce become unaffordable.C) When the current marriage law is modified.D) When husband and wife understand each other better.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as pa rt of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women’s movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,” sa id James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.21. According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campusesdominated by purer disciplines?A) Scornful C) Envious.B) Appreciative. D) Realistic.22. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by______.A) the complaints from various employersB) the success of many non-MBAsC) the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD) the poor performance of MBAs at work23. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review?A) They are usually serf-centered.B) They are aggressive and greedy.C) They keep complaining about their jobs.D) They are not good at dealing with people.24. From the passage we know that most MBAs _______.A) can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB) quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC) receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD) cherish unrealistic expectations about their future25. What is the passage mainly about?A) Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B) The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C) Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D) A debate held recently on university campuses.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的) taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $1.5 million needed to keep schools open.But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next y ear’s state a id, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller—perhaps more acceptable—tax increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including $600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will cost the district $275,000 more.Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14 local and national television stations and network s. The president of the National Education Association, the MEA’s parent organization, flew from Washington, D. C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated.Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership(破产管理) and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week.26. We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded ______.A) by both the local and state governmentsB) exclusively by the local governmentC) mainly by the state governmentD) by the National Education Association27. One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was _______.A) to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staffB) to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issuesC) to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the publicD) to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools28. The author seems to disapprove of _______.A) the Michigan lawmaker s’ endless debatingB) the shutting of schools in KalkaskaC) the involvement of the mass mediaD) delaying the passage of the school funding legislation29. We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are more concerned about_______.A) a raise in the property-tax rate in MichiganB) reopening the schools there immediatelyC) the att itude of the MEA’s parent organizationD) making a political issue of the closing of the schools30. According to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of______.A) the complexity of the problemB) the political motives on the part of the educatorsC) the weak response of the state officialsD) the strong protest on the part of the students’ parentsPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.German Chancellor(首相) Otto V on Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy(遗产) includes many of today’s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world’s first workers’ compensation law in 1884.By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers’compensati on insurance. America’s injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers’ compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commis sion to study the problems of workers’ compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages.In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states’ average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers’ compensation system, it’s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.31. The world’s first workers’ compensation law was introduced by Bismarck _______.A) to make industrial production saferB) to speed up the pace of industrializationC) out of religious and political considerationsD) for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement32. We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _______.A) was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsB) resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC) required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplaceD) met growing resistance from laborers working at machines33. One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early19th century was that ______.A) they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of lawB) different sums in the U.S. had totally different compensation programsC) America’s average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingD) they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident34. After 1972 workers’ compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workersso that _______.A) the poverty level for a family of four went up drasticallyB) there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsC) the number of workers suing for damages increasedD) more money was allocated to their compensation system35. The author ends the passage with the implication that ______.A) compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB) the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemC) people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation systemD) money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economyPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. ... We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”Americans have responded to Lebo w’s call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies—Japan and the United Sates—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Overconsumption by the world’s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. Thetime-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads(游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?36. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II ________.A) gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumersB) gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismC) led to the reform of the retailing systemD) resulted in the worship of consumerism37. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is_______.A) the conversion of the sale of goods into ritualsB) the people’s desire for a rise in their living standardsC) the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD) the concept that one’s success is meas ured by how much they consume38. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.C) Because overconsumptio n won’t last long due to unrestricted population growth.D) Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.39. According to the passage, consumerist culture ________.A) cannot thrive on a fragile economyB) will not aggravate environmental problemsC) cannot satisfy human spiritual needsD) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries40. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB) there is never a n end to satisfying people’s material needsC) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueD) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.41. I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my _______ is perfect.A) outlook C) horizonB) vision D) perspective42 He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in _______ with theImperial Museum.A) collection C) collaborationB) connection D) combination43. In those days, executives expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unlessthey were dismissed for _______, to retire at the age of 65.A) integrity C) incompetenceB) denial D) deduction44. Others viewed the findings with _______, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship betweenpassive smoking and cancer remains to be shown.A) optimism C) cautionB) passion D) deliberation45. The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle _______ was caused by unusually low temperaturesimmediately before the launch.A) expedition C) dismayB) controversy D) disaster46. When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are _______ to fall.A) timely C) subjectB) simultaneous D) liable47. The music aroused an _______ feeling of homesickness in him.A) intentional C) intenseB) intermittent D) intrinsic48. I bought an alarm clock with a(n) _______ dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.A) supersonic C) audibleB) luminous D) amplified49. The results are hardly _______; he cannot believe they are accurate.A) credible C) criticalB) contrary D) crucial50. This new laser printer is _______ with all leading software.A) comparable C) compatibleB) competitive D) cooperative51. The ball _______ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A) swayed C) hoppedB) bounced D) darted52. He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and _______ it in a single nod, a gestureboys used then for O.K. when they were pleased.A) shrugged C) jerkedB) tugged D) twisted53. Many types of rock are _______ from volcanoes as solid, fragmentary material.A) flung C) ejectedB) propelled D) injected54. With prices _______ so much, it is difficult for the school to plan a budget.A) vibrating C) flutteringB) fluctuating D) swinging55. The person who _______ this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise.A) originated C) generatedB) speculated D) manufactured56. _______ that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be longbefore traditional sources become inadequate.A) Concerning C) AssumingB) Ascertaining D) Regarding57. Her jewelry _______ under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.A) glared C) blazedB) glittered D) dazzled58. Connie was told that if she worked too hard, her health would _______.A) deteriorate C) descendB) degrade D) decay59. We find that some birds _______ twice a year between hot and cold countries.A) transfer C) migrateB) commute D) emigrate60. As visiting scholars, they willingly _______ to the customs of the country they live in.A) submit C) subjectB) conform D) commit61. More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mother tongue and_______ to the Roman Catholic faith.A) caters C) ascribesB) adheres D) subscribes62. The professor found himself constantly _______ the question: “How could anyone do thesethings?”A) presiding C) ponderingB) poring D) presuming63. Weeks _______ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.A) terminated C) overlappedB) elapsed D) expired64. In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which_______ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.A) relieve C) reclaimB) reconcile D) rectify65. How much of your country’s electrical supply is _______ from water power?A) deduced C) derivedB) detached D) declined66. She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data,which she intended to _______ in starting her own business.A) dwell on C) base onB) come upon D) draw upon67. The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are _______.A) intricate C) subtleB) fragile D) crisp68. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only _______ the crisis.A) accelerates C) ascendsB) prevails D) precedes69. He blew out the candle and _______ his way to the door.A) converged C) stroveB) groped D) wrenched70. Often such arguments have the effect of _______ rather than clarifying the issues involved.A) obscuring C) tacklingB) prejudicing D) blockingPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.When women do become managers, do they ring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and __71__ than male managers?Some research __72__ the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater __73__, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a __74__ to bring emotional factors to bear __75__ making workplace decisions. These differences are __76_ to carry advantages for companies, __77__ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to __78__ the company manage its workforce __79__.A study commissioned by the International Women’s Forum __80__ a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that __81__ from the command-and-control style __82__ used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership” approach, “women __83__ participation, share power and information, __84__ other people’s self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these __85__ reflect their belief that allowing __86__ to contribute and to feel __87__ and important is a win-win __88__—good for the employees and the organization.” The study’s director __89__ that “interactive leadership may emerge __90__ the management style of choice for many organizations.”71. A) confronted B) commanded C) confined D) committed72. A) supports B) argues C) opposes D) despises73. A) combination B) cooperativeness C) coherence D) correlation74. A) willingness B) loyalty C) sensitivity D) virtue75. A) by B) in C) at D) with76. A) disclosed B) watched C) revised D) seen。
2003年1月全国自学考试--英语(一)试题(1)
2003年1月全国自学考试--英语(一)试题(1) 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢part oneⅰ.vocabulary and structure (10 points, 1 point for each item)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并写在答题纸的相应括号内。
body needs fat to keep it ___________ the cold during the long winter months.between from for outare several ways ___________ we can cross the river without the help of local villagers.in which across which to which on whichmust hurry, ___________ you’ll be late for class.but so or eithersmog may be so thick that airports areclosed and chains of ________ occur on the highways.conflicts contracts contrasts collisionsfinally ________ all hope of finding the missing dog which they liked so much.gave up gave in gave off gave outwho drink a lot ________ those who use drugs are likely to suffer from panic attacks.less than as well other than as well as7. ________, he is honest and popular with his neighbors.as he is poor poor as he is as poor he is as is he poorwasn’t at th e meeting yesterday to hear ________ other people thought about this problem.which who what thathe not taken your advice, ________.he would make a bad mistakewould he have made a bad mistakehe would have made a bad mistakehe had made a bad mistakepeople are ________ to use proverbs in their everyday conversation BECause they see them as vehicles of too much used wisdom.responsible reluctant relevant remarkableⅱ.cloze test (10 points, 1 point for each item)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
2003年1月英语六级真题
2003年1月英语六级真题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) It has nothing to do with the Internet.B) She needs another week to get it ready.C) It contains some valuable ideas.D) It‟s far from being ready yet.2. A) The woman is strict with her employees.B) The man always has excuses for being late.C) The woman is a kind-hearted boss.D) The man‟s alarm clock didn‟t work that morning.3. A) The woman should try her luck in the bank nearby.B) The bank around the corner is not open today.C) The woman should use dollars instead of pounds.D) The bank near the railway station closes late.4. A) Make an appointment with Dr. Chen.B) Wait for about three minutes.C) Call again some times later.D) Try dialing the number again.5. A) He is sure they will succeed in the next test.B) He did no better than the woman in the test.C) He believes she will pass the test this time.D) He felt upset because of her failure.6. A) The woman has to attend a summer course to graduate.B) The man thinks the woman can earn the credits.C) The woman is begging the man to let her pass the exam.D) The woman is going to graduate from summer school.7. A) Fred is planning a trip to Canada.B) Fred usually flies to Canada with Jane.C) Fred persuaded Jane to change her mind.D) Fred likes the beautiful scenery along the way to Canada.8. A) Hang some pictures for decoration.B) Find room for the paintings.C) Put more coats of paint on the wall.D) Paint the walls to match the furniture.9. A) He‟ll give a lecture on drawing.B) He doesn‟t mind if the woman goes to the lecture.C) He‟d rather not go to the lecture.D) He‟s going to a ttend the lecture.10. A) Selecting the best candidate.B) Choosing a campaign manager.C) Trying to persuade the woman to vote for him.D) Running for chairman of the student union.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) To study the problems of local industries.B) To find ways to treat human wastes.C) To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.D) To conduct a study on fishing in the Biramichi River.12. A) Lack of oxygen. C) Low water level.B) Overgrowth of water plants. D) Serious pollution upstream.13. A) They‟ll be closed down.B) They‟re goin g to dismiss some of their employees.C) They‟ll be moved to other places.D) They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.14. A) There were fewer fish in the river.B) Over-fishing was prohibited.C) The local Chamber of Commerce tried to preserve fishes.D) The local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) Oral instructions recorded on a tape.B) A brief letter sealed in an envelope.C) A written document of several pages.D) A short note to their lawyer.16. A) Refrain from going out with men for five years.B) Stop wearing any kind of fashionable clothes.C) Bury the dentist with his favorite car.D) Visit his grave regularly for five years.17. A) He was angry with his selfish relatives.B) He was just being humorous.C) He was not a wealthy man.D) He wanted to leave his body for medical purposes.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) They thought it quite acceptable.B) They believed it to be a luxury.C) They took it to be a trend.D) They considered it avoidable.19. A) Critical. C) Sceptical.B) Serious. D) Casual.20. A) When people consider marriage an important part of their lives.B) When the costs of getting a divorce become unaffordable.C) When the current marriage law is modified.D) When husband and wife understand each other better.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world‟s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five yea rs or so, when someone says, …Should I attempt to get an MBA,‟ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hir es “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don‟t understand politics and people, and they aren‟t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they‟re out looking for other jobs.”The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women‟s movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don‟t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,” said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.21. According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campusesdominated by purer disciplines?A) Scornful C) Envious.B) Appreciative. D) Realistic.22. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by______.A) the complaints from various employersB) the success of many non-MBAsC) the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD) the poor performance of MBAs at work23. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review?A) They are usually serf-centered.B) They are aggressive and greedy.C) They keep complaining about their jobs.D) They are not good at dealing with people.24. From the passage we know that most MBAs _______.A) can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB) quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC) receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD) cherish unrealistic expectations about their future25. What is the passage mainly about?A) Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B) The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C) Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D) A debate held recently on university campuses.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town‟s 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的) taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska‟s educators and the state‟s largest teachers‟ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state‟s share of school funding.It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $1.5 million needed to keep schools open.But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next y ear‟s state aid, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and t hey did not consider seeking a smaller—perhaps more acceptable—tax increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including $600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will cost the district $275,000 more.Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14 local and national television stations and networks. The president of the National Education Association, t he MEA‟s parent organization, flew from Washington, D. C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated.Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership(破产管理) and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week.26. We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded ______.A) by both the local and state governmentsB) exclusively by the local governmentC) mainly by the state governmentD) by the National Education Association27. One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was _______.A) to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staffB) to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issuesC) to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the publicD) to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools28. The author seems to disapprove of _______.A) the Michigan lawmakers‟ endless debatingB) the shutting of schools in KalkaskaC) the involvement of the mass mediaD) delaying the passage of the school funding legislation29. We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are more concerned about_______.A) a raise in the property-tax rate in MichiganB) reopening the schools there immediatelyC) the att itude of the MEA‟s parent organizationD) making a political issue of the closing of the schools30. According to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of______.A) the complexity of the problemB) the political motives on the part of the educatorsC) the weak response of the state officialsD) the strong protest on the part of the students‟ parentsPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.German Chancellor(首相) Otto V on Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy(遗产) includes many of today‟s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world‟s first workers‟ compensation law in 1884.By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers‟compensation insurance. America‟s injured workers could sue for dam ages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplac e. The first state workers‟ compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers‟ compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states‟ average weekly wages.In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states‟ average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers‟ compensation system, it‟s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.31. The world‟s first workers‟ compensation law was introduced by Bismarck _______.A) to make industrial production saferB) to speed up the pace of industrializationC) out of religious and political considerationsD) for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement32. We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _______.A) was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsB) resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC) required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplaceD) met growing resistance from laborers working at machines33. One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early19th century was that ______.A) they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of lawB) different sums in the U.S. had totally different compensation programsC) America‟s average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingD) they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident34. After 1972 workers‟ compensation insuranc e in the U.S. became more favorable to workersso that _______.A) the poverty level for a family of four went up drasticallyB) there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsC) the number of workers suing for damages increasedD) more money was allocated to their compensation system35. The author ends the passage with the implication that ______.A) compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB) the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemC) people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation systemD) money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economyPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. ... We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”Americans have responded to Lebow‟s call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world‟s two largest economies—Japan and the United Sates—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Overcons umption by the world‟s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. Thetime-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads(游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?36. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II ________.A) gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumersB) gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismC) led to the reform of the retailing systemD) resulted in the worship of consumerism37. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is_______.A) the conversion of the sale of goods into ritualsB) the people‟s desire for a rise in their living standardsC) the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD) the concept that one‟s success is measured by how much they consume38. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.C) Because overconsumption won‟t last long due to unrestricted population growth.D) Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.39. According to the passage, consumerist culture ________.A) cannot thrive on a fragile economyB) will not aggravate environmental problemsC) cannot satisfy human spiritual needsD) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries40. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB) there is never an end to satisfying people‟s material needsC) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueD) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.41. I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my _______ is perfect.A) outlook C) horizonB) vision D) perspective42 He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in _______ with theImperial Museum.A) collection C) collaborationB) connection D) combination43. In those days, executives expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unlessthey were dismissed for _______, to retire at the age of 65.A) integrity C) incompetenceB) denial D) deduction44. Others viewed the findings with _______, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship betweenpassive smoking and cancer remains to be shown.A) optimism C) cautionB) passion D) deliberation45. The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle _______ was caused by unusually low temperaturesimmediately before the launch.A) expedition C) dismayB) controversy D) disaster46. When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are _______ to fall.A) timely C) subjectB) simultaneous D) liable47. The music aroused an _______ feeling of homesickness in him.A) intentional C) intenseB) intermittent D) intrinsic48. I bought an alarm clock with a(n) _______ dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.A) supersonic C) audibleB) luminous D) amplified49. The results are hardly _______; he cannot believe they are accurate.A) credible C) criticalB) contrary D) crucial50. This new laser printer is _______ with all leading software.A) comparable C) compatibleB) competitive D) cooperative51. The ball _______ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A) swayed C) hoppedB) bounced D) darted52. He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and _______ it in a single nod, a gestureboys used then for O.K. when they were pleased.A) shrugged C) jerkedB) tugged D) twisted53. Many types of rock are _______ from volcanoes as solid, fragmentary material.A) flung C) ejectedB) propelled D) injected54. With prices _______ so much, it is difficult for the school to plan a budget.A) vibrating C) flutteringB) fluctuating D) swinging55. The person who _______ this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise.A) originated C) generatedB) speculated D) manufactured56. _______ that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be longbefore traditional sources become inadequate.A) Concerning C) AssumingB) Ascertaining D) Regarding57. Her jewelry _______ under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.A) glared C) blazedB) glittered D) dazzled58. Connie was told that if she worked too hard, her health would _______.A) deteriorate C) descendB) degrade D) decay59. We find that some birds _______ twice a year between hot and cold countries.A) transfer C) migrateB) commute D) emigrate60. As visiting scholars, they willingly _______ to the customs of the country they live in.A) submit C) subjectB) conform D) commit61. More than 85 percent of French Canada‟s population speaks French as a mother tongue and_______ to the Roman Catholic faith.A) caters C) ascribesB) adheres D) subscribes62. The professor found himself constantly _______ the question: “How could anyone do thesethings?”A) presiding C) ponderingB) poring D) presuming63. Weeks _______ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.A) terminated C) overlappedB) elapsed D) expired64. In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which_______ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.A) relieve C) reclaimB) reconcile D) rectify65. How much of your country‟s electrical supply is _______ from water power?A) deduced C) derivedB) detached D) declined66. She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company‟s client data,which she intended to _______ in starting her own business.A) dwell on C) base onB) come upon D) draw upon67. The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are _______.A) intricate C) subtleB) fragile D) crisp68. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only _______ the crisis.A) accelerates C) ascendsB) prevails D) precedes69. He blew out the candle and _______ his way to the door.A) converged C) stroveB) groped D) wrenched70. Often such arguments have the effect of _______ rather than clarifying the issues involved.A) obscuring C) tacklingB) prejudicing D) blockingPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.When women do become managers, do they ring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and __71__ than male managers?Some research __72__ the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater __73__, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a __74__ to bring emotional factors to bear __75__ making workplace decisions. These differences are __76_ to carry advantages for companies, __77__ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to __78__ the company manage its workforce __79__.A study commissioned by the International Women‟s Forum __80__ a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that __81__ from the command-and-control style __82__ used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership” approach, “women __83__ participation, share power and information, __84__ other people‟s self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these __85__ reflect their belief that allowing __86__ to contribute and to feel __87__ and important is a win-win __88__—good for the employee s and the organization.” The study‟s director __89__ that “interactive leadership may emerge __90__ the management style of choice for many organizations.”71. A) confronted B) commanded C) confined D) committed72. A) supports B) argues C) opposes D) despises73. A) combination B) cooperativeness C) coherence D) correlation74. A) willingness B) loyalty C) sensitivity D) virtue75. A) by B) in C) at D) with76. A) disclosed B) watched C) revised D) seen。
2003年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题
2003年1月研究生英语学位课统考真题PAPER ONEPart I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20points) Section A ( 1 point each )1. A. The hero was out of his mind.B. The herd was a thing, not a human being.C. The hero overcame many difficulties.D. The hero was really great.2. A. Tom wants to travel by air.B. Tom wants to become a pilot.C. Tom is greatly interested in power.D. Tom can seize a chance in time.3. A. The government should help those youngsters.B. The government should take the place of those youngsters.C. The government should encourage those youngsters,D. The government should place restrictions on those youngsters.4. A. Because they had the same interests.B. Because they got along very well.C. Because both of them were sociable.D. Because both of them were humorous.5. A. She likes riding horses.B. She has been promoted once a year.C. She won the second place in a contest.D. She is very excited.6. A. She doesn't think the manager is at home.B. She doesn't know the manager's home phone number.C. She doesn't think highly of the manager.D. She doesn't know the manager at all.7. A. She is not satisfied with her life.B. She isolates herself from the outside world.C. She can find a peaceful life only in her dreams.D. She can't be at peace with others.8. A. A boss and an employee.B. A hotel manager and a customer.C. A landlady and a tenant.D. A plumber and an apartment owner.9. A.A conformist.B.A renowned person.C. A fighter.D. A problem person.Section B (1 point each)10. A. The materials used for building reservoirs.B. The causes of water pollution.C. The storage of drinking water.D. The chemicals used 10 purify water.11. A. Rock and soil. B. Concrete and bricks,C. Pine and redwood trees.D. Stones and steel rods.12. A. People in many parts of the world have to store rainwater for drinking.B. The mixture of rock and soil can be used as the bottom of a water tank.C. Chemicals cannot he used to keep the wooden tanks from being ruined.D. Small water plants may help clean the storage water.13. A. More than 1,700. B. More than 1,600.C. More than 700.D. More than 600.14. A. When a heat wave lasts for several daysB. When the total amount of heat in a day is very greatC. When the heat wave is strengthened by the sun.D. When the night temperature in a heat wave does not drop much.15. A. Slay at home and avoid going to work.B. Try to eat more vegetables and fruits.C. Wear light-colored and comfortable clothes.D. Use sir conditioners and other cooling devices.Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0. 5 point each )21. The hypothesis that language determines thought' suggested by Sapir and Whorf, is well known to linguists.A. synthesisB. convictionC. fallacyD. proposition22. Some comets reappear into sight after an elapse of as long as sixty years.A. disappearanceB. intervalC. passageD. eclipse23. To stay in shape, many middle-aged women have taken to working out in their spare time,A. dietingB. overworkingC. exercisingD. wandering24. Mandela, former president of South Africa, has distinguished himself by fighting racial segregation.A. separationB. discriminationC. unificationD. opposition25. Victims of mot ion-sickness suffer from a sensation of cold when riding in a fine car.A. sentimentB. feelingC. sensitivityD. emotion26. There are various hierarchies of structures inside a linguistic system. For example, sentences consist of phrasesthat can be segmented into individual words.A. criteriaB. organizationsC. levelsD. standards27. To maintain social order, the government has to inflict punishments on lawbreakers.A. imposeB. composeC. disposeD. expose28. Seeing the darkening sky, she quickened her steps and made for the nearest subway station.A. ran intoB. headed forC. searched forD. passed by29. It stands to reason to say that a girl takes after her father while a son his mother.A. looks afterB. cares forC. learns fromD. looks like30. Computers are playing an unprecedented role in the development of modern technology.A. unguidedB. unrelieved C unexampled D. unexpectedSection B (0. 5 point each)31. Social relations are developed when people each other at work or in business.A. fall back onB. count onC. interact withD. cope with32. Construction of tall buildings is forbidden around here to further expansion of the airport.A. account forB. fall forC. take forD. allow for33. The ability to see things in requires profound knowledge and impartial judgment.A. prospectB. perspectiveC. respectD. suspect34. Successful development of inexpensive drugs for AIDS has much for thousands of HIV patients.A. influenceB. complicationC. specificationD. implication35. Senior citizens, especially those above 70, are to some privileges in many countries.A. enforcedB. engagedC. entitledD. enabled36. Project Hope has succeeded in preventing school pupils from in poverty stricken areas.A. leaving outB. dropping outC. setting outD. looking out37. Vocabulary treatment in this dictionary is clear and readable, sufficiently detailed and admirably .A. complicatedB. primitiveC. promisingD. current38. Thanks to statesmen of great , China is well on her way to becoming a world power.A. visionB. sightC. viewD. spectacle39. Good biographies can help _ _ the barriers of time so that what happened to Abraham Lincoln becomes "now"as long as you read about him.A. break upB. break outC. break intoD. break down40. The importance of can never be neglected when it comes to fulfilling one’s military missions.A. popularityB. peculiarityC. punctualityD. potentialityPart III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)The song of crickets (蟋蟀) captures the attention of millions of people worldwide. How does this small creature sing and for what purpose?Interestingly, among the approximately 2,400 4l of crickets, only the males sing, or chirp. 42 doing so from their throats, male crickets make music with their wings. One expert explains that male crickets chirp by rubbing part of one forewing a-long 43 about 50 to 250 teeth on the opposite forewing. The frequency of the chirps depends on the number of teeth 44 per second. The vibrations fill the air with the distinctive song of the cricket.But surely the male cricket does not sing simply to 45 his human listeners! No, indeed! The intended audience of this musician is a 46 mate. The book Exploring the Secret of Nature explains: "In his quest for a mate, the male cricket, a skilled 47 , sings three different songs- one to advertise his presence, another to court and the other to threaten unwanted competitors." Some crickets continue to sing to advertise their presence 48, a female cricket shows interest. Hearing the song through the "ears" on her forelegs, the female is not 49 to carry on a long-distance courtship. .As she approaches the 50_ of the chirping, the male cricket will begin to sing a continuous trill (颤音)，the courtship song. This attracts tile female to him，and the two crickets mate.41. A. series B. species C. system D. session42. A. As for B. Due to C. Based on D. Rather than43. A. a group of B. a flock of C. a row of D. a bunch of44. A. struck B. strike C. stroked D. stroke45. A. abuse B. accuse C. annoy D. amuse46. A. special B. potential C. initial D. critical47. A. companion B. communicator C. conductor D. commander18. A. as long as B. because C. until D. in case49. A. content B. controversial C. convenient D. conscious50. A. presentation B. representation C. resource D. sourcePart IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneAbout four years ago. Kerry Sturgill found herself at a career crossroads! Should she stay in an industry populated by extroverts (外向型的人) or jump ship to a more reflective place where introverts like her were in the majority?Career counselors had told her to get out of the highly extroverted public relations, fields "so you can be happy and do what you are" Among the less fast-paced areas they pointed to: art, scientific research, data analysis.Such a move is definitely the right road for many introverts struggling to fit into an extroverted workplace.So, just what is an introvert anyway? It's someone who is energized by thought and reflection, while extroverts are energized by socializing. Introverts naturally need to think before they speak. Extroverts use the speaking process to figure out what it is they want to say.And, needless to say, there are pluses and minuses to both personality types.Still, in the modern world where as many as two-thirds of the population may be extroverted, those who are the opposite can be misunderstood. They can be seen as antisocial, secretive, even territorial, because they can sometimes try to protect their "space" and quiet.Workplaces can actually benefit from having both types, says Deborah Barrett, program director of the Rice University MBA communications program.An introvert herself, she says she has the best of both worlds- working in an environment of professors, who tend towards introversion, yet getting to teach, which calls on her more "out there" skills.Here’s her advice for those looking to follow the same path;Make good use of e-mail. If you don't get to make a point at a loud meeting, send a follow-up e-mail sharing your thoughts.If you don't have an office and are easily distracted by ongoing small talk, consider listening to music through headphones. But take care not to make your more sociable neighbors feel rejected.Sure, she says, if she had moved to a less stimulating environment that might have "short-circuited a lot of my pain, but I also believe it would have short-circuited learning what's made me a much more well-rounded person.”Her main lesson? "I don t have to be an extrovert. I just have to play at being one for an hour."51. According to the career counselors,A. introverts should try to avoid working in a highly extroverted environmentB. i ntroverts should try 10 change themselves to fit into an extroverted working environmentC. extroverts should work in less fast-paced areas such as art and scientific researchD. introverts can be happier if they can find jobs in the field of public relations52. Which of the following statements is true?A. People with introverted personality have some disadvantages in finding jobs.B. People with introverted personality have some advantages in working with others.C. Both introverted and extroverted people have merits and demerits.D. Most workplaces need more extroverted people than introverted ones.53. According to the author, introverts are sometimes misunderstood because they areA. antisocialB. reservedC. aggressiveD. queer54. Deborah Barren believes that teaching is a practice of .A. reflectionB. introversionC. energizingD. socializing55. By "short-circuited a lot of my pain" (in the last paragraph). Deborah Barrette means " _ .A. ruined a lot of her happinessB. saved her a lot of troubleC. relieved her of a heavy burdenD. added to her sufferings56. We can learn from Deborah Barrett's case that introverted people .A. should not share offices with extroverted onesB. are easily irritated by small talkC. like to communicate with others via e-mailsD. are reluctant to express their ideas in publicPassage TwoLast week 29 earnest American high school students were invited to an evening of receiving good words, small talk, warm toasts and fancy silverware."Find out something about the person sitting next to you." advised former U. S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright. "Eventually, you'll discover they always have something interesting to say. And you should always use the proper silverware in the proper order. "Albright was the guest of honor at the imitated Official Dinner, which was a lot like a real official dinner in Washington minus the soft money.The evening was sponsored by the St. Albans School of Public Services to introduce its first class to the fine art of social survival.More than 84 guests, including students, teachers, school donors and speakers, gathered to replicate the lifestyle of the rich and political.The idea was to teach the social graces that will help students survive any social situation.Anyway, the whole proper fork thing is overrated. Former White House official C. Boyden Gray shared his top tips for surviving dinner parties: "Drink as little as possible until you get to dinner. ""Don't be the first person there or the last person to leave."Try to get more out of your dinner partners than they get out of you. "Every Official Dinner has a greater reason for being. State dinners, for example, are either an opportunity to reward emerging democracies or strengthen old friendships.The Official Dinner was intended to show the students an elegant evening in Washington part of the four-week intensive summer program to encourage public service. The students are from 13 states and two foreign countries.The program includes classes on the presidency, the courts, the media and international affairs. The students also debated public policy issues. "They're still at it at 10 o'clock at night." said director Mary Waikart. "That's good practice for Washington, isn't it?"Since there was no band, Albright offered herself up as the night’s entertainer. No singing, but stories about her life in diplomacy. "Being Secretary of State is the best job in the world." she said. "Better than being president, because you don't have to deal with the elections."57. Last week a group of high school students were invited to the dinner party .A. to see the life style of the rich and politicalB. to discuss international and public policy issuesC. to learn to survive in different social situationsD. to learn to become the future leaders of the White House58. According to Madeleine Albright, at an official dinner .A. we should get more information about the hostB. we should be sociable by talking with othersC. table manners are not as important as conversingD. we should learn to entertain others by telling a story59. The imitated Official Dinner is different from the real ones in that the former .A. was held without the participation of important personsB. could not get the financial support as easily as the real onesC. didn't have as many guests as the real onesD. had nothing to do with political and international issues60. What does the underlined word "replicate" (in paragraph 5) mean?A. Practice.B. Exercise.C. Imitate.D. Reconstruct.61. According to Boyden Gray, at dinner parties you should .A. listen to others instead of talking too muchB. drink no alcohol before you goC. arrive as early as possibleO. leave after the parties are over62. We can conclude from the passage that .A. there are significant differences between the Official Dinner and other dinner partiesB. American students like to participate in public services very muchC. being a secretary of state is the best, even better than being a presidentD. the students who were invited to the dinner party were enthusiastic about the programPassage ThreePredicting the future is risky business for a scientist. It is safe to say, however, that the global AIDS epidemic will get much worse before it gets any better. Sadly, this modern plague will be with us for several generations, despite major scientific advances.As of January 2000, the AIDS epidemic had claimed 15 million lives and left 40 million people living with a viral infection that slowly but relentlessly erodes the immune system. Accounting for more than 3 million deaths in the past year alone, the AIDS virus has become the deadliest microbe in the world. In Africa nearly a dozen countries have a rate higher than 10%, including four southern African nations in which a quarter of the people are infected. This is like condemning 16,000 people each day to a slow and miserable death.Fortunately, the AIDS story has not been all gloom and doom. Less than two years after AIDS was recognized, the guilty agent-human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV-- was identified. We now know more about HIV than about any other virus, and 14 AIDS drugs have been developed and licensed in the U. S. and Western Europe.The epidemic continues to rage, however, in South America, Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa. By the year 2025, AIDS will be by far the major killer of young Africans, decreasing life expectancy to as low as 40 years insome countries and single-handedly erasing the public health gains of the past 50 years.It is Asia, with its huge population at risk, that will have the biggest impact on the global spread of AIDS. The magnitude of the incidence could range from 100 million to 1 billion, depending largely on what happens in India and China. Four million people have already become HIV-positive in India, and infection is likely to reach several percent in a population of 1 billion. Half a million Chinese are now infected; the path of China's epidemic, however, is less certain.An explosive AIDS epidemic in the U. S. is unlikely. Instead, HIV infection will continue to plague in about 0.5% of the population. But the complexion of the epidemic will change. New HIV infections will occur predominantly in the underclass, with rates 10 times as high in minority groups. Nevertheless, American patients will live quality lives for decades, thanks to advances in medical research. Dozens of powerful and well-tolerated AIDS drugs will be developed, as will novel means to restore the immune sys tern.A cure for AIDS by the year 2025 is not inconceivable. But constrained by economic reality, these therapeutic advances will have only limited benefit outside the U. S. and Western Europe.63. Which of the following can be thy best title for this passage?A. The Spread of HIV-Will We Ever Cure AIDS?B. The Worse Situation of AIDS-Will AIDS Ruin the Human Race?C. The Statistics of AIDS-Will AIDS Spread around the World''D. The Potential of HIV-Will Asia Become the Core of AIDS?64. The phrase "gloom and doom" (in paragraph 3 ) refers to the state of being.A. obscure and sadB. depressing and fatalC. ruined and deadlyD. miserable and disappointing65. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. In India, the infection rate almost reaches 12 percent of its population.B. In China, about 50.000 people arc infected with HIV.C. AIDS epidemic had caused 15.000.000 deaths in the whole world by January2000.D. In the United States. HIV infection will go on to attack about 5% of the whole population.66. As a result of the epidemic of AIDS in Africa .A. the life span for most of the people has been reduced by 10 yearsB. most young people have been infected with human immunodeficiency virusC. people will have to learn to live with the disease for over 50 yearsD. the achievements made in preserving people's health in the past will be wiped off67. The passage tells us that .A .HIV was found more than two years earlier than AIDS was identifiedB. people know a little more about HIV than about most other virusesC. AIDS continues to rage more wildly in Africa than in AsiaD. HIV will mainly affect the poor and minority groups in the U. S.68. According to the author, the cure for AIDS will probably lie in .A. international cooperationB. timely educationC. economic situationD. strong willPassage FourHalloween is an annual celebration, but just what is it actually a celebration of? And how did this peculiar custom originate?The word itself, "Halloween." actually has its origins in the Catholic Church. It comes from a contracted corruption of All Hallows Eve. November 1. "All Hollows Day." is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints. But, in the 5th century BC, in Celtic Ireland, summer officially ended on October 31. The holiday was called Samhain, the Celtic New year.One story says that on that day- the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come hark in search of living bodies to possess for the next year. It was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife. The Celts believe all laws of spare and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living.Naturally, the still living did not want to be possessed. So on the night of October31, villagers would then dress up in all manner of ghost costumes and noisily paraded a round the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess.Some accounts tell of how the C ells would burn someone at the stake who was thought to have already beenpossessed, as sort of a lesson to the spirits. Other accounts of Celtic history debunk these stones as myth.The Romans adopted the Celtic practices as their own. But in the first century AD, they abandoned any practice of sacrificing of humans in favor of burning images.The custom of Halloween was brought to America in the 1840's by Irish immigrants fleeing their country's potato famine.The Jack-O-Lantern custom probably comes from Irish folklore. As the tale is told, a man named jack, who was notorious as a drunkard and trickster, tricked Satan into climbing a tree. Jack then carved an image of a cross in the tree's trunk, trapping the devil up the tree. Jack made a deal with the devil that, if he would never tempt him again, he would promise to let him down the tree.According to the folk tale, after Jack died, he was denied entrance to Heaven because of his evil ways, but he was also denied access to Hell because he had tricked the devil. Instead, the devil gave him a single candle to light his way through the frigid darkness. The candle was placed inside a hollowed-out pumpkin to keep it glowing longer.Although some cults（邪教）and devil worshippers may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday." the day itself did not grow out of evil practices. It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans. And today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids. After all, the day itself is only as evil as one cares to make it.69. What is the most suitable title for this article?A. Why Halloween Became A Roman Holiday.B. How Halloween Came to the New World.C. The History and Legends of Halloween,D. The Celts and Their Festivals.70. In the story of the "Jack-O-Lantern." why was Jack not allowed into Hell?A. Because he made a fool of Satan.B. Because he was a good man.C. Because he was an evil man.D. Because he made a deal with Satan.71. Which of the following words is closest in meaning lo "debunk" in paragraph 5?A. Prove.B. Disprove.C. Support.D. Regard.72. What does the Celtic Holiday "Samhain" celebrate?A. The mid-autumn.B. The end of winter.C. The coming of a new year.D. The start of a festival season.73. According to Celts, what was the spirit world like during the festival of Samhain?A. It became closed off to the world of the living.B. It became mixed with the world of the living.C. It became the real world while the world of the living was closed.D. It In-came the world of the afterlife.74. The article implies that Halloween .A. is an evil festivalB. comes from an evil originC. is made evil by church servicesD. is made evil by devil worshipper?Passage FiveAs the 1999 war in Yugoslavia ended* doors to a cave dug deep underneath opened., and nearly a dozen unharmed MIG-21 fighters emerged to retreat from the area. The United States had repeatedly tried to destroy this series of tunnels and caves with GBU-28s, 5,000-pound precision-guided bombs developed during the Gulf War. The best those bombs could do was seal off entryways, but the MIGs., sheltered much farther down, were untouched.The BLU-118 is perfect for attacking confined underground spaces like tunnels and caves. But like the GBU-28, the BLU-118 is virtually impotent against solid barriers. If the weapon hits rock, highly compressed dirt, or a blockade, it penetrates only about a half-dozen feet. The rock absorbs the blows before they reach the underground hideout. In Afghanistan, numerous soldiers and their weapons survived Tora Bora attack unharmed.The Pentagon s limited success in taking out underground hideouts even with today’s most powerful bombs has sent a shiver through the military. It is said that there are more than 10,000 underground caves in dozens of countries around the world. Many of them, in places like Iran. North Korea, and Russia, are sheltering aircraft and basic weapons. But about 1,000 of these caves and tunnels are considered highly strategic be cause they're suspected of harboring weapons of mass destruction, long-range missiles, or control centers to protect key leaders during an attack. The Defense Department is certain, for instance, that Iraq is hiding chemical and biological weapons underneath itsvast deserts and that North Korea has nuclear materials b uried below its mountains. What’s more, because of huge improvements in tunneling capabilities, thousands of additional deeply placed, unreachable caves are expected to be built in the next decade.Faced with the prospect of warfare against terrorist organizations with weapons of mass destruction tucked in their basements, the Pentagon has begun to consider the previously unthinkable: developing specially designed nuclear weapons for attacking buried caves and tunnels. These weapons would ideally do their damage while creating only limited nuclear fallout above ground. Such a move would represent the most significant rewriting of U. S. nuclear strategy in decades, because its intended purpose violates the two cornerstones of current policy: to use nuclear weapons only as a last resort and never to use them against non-nuclear nations.75. From the first paragraph, we can infer that .A. MIG fighters were very strongB. the caves dug deep underneath were hard to findC. U. S. bombing failed to achieve us purposeD. the Gulf War produced the GBU-2876. Th e underlined word "impotent” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to .A. ineffectiveB. softC. importantD. essential77. The phrase "has sent a shiver through the military" (in paragraph 3) can be replaced by " ,"A. has made the military cold-heartedB. has disappointed the militaryC. has weakened the militaryD. has greatly shocked the military78. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the use of underground caves?A. Hiding planes and basic weapon?B. Protecting refugees.C. Harboring weapons of mass destruction.D. Sheltering key leaders,79. With the huge improvements in tunneling capabilities, .A. fewer caves are expected to be built in the next decadeB. caves are barely accessible in the following ten yearsC. better-protected caves will be built in (he following ten yearsD. caves will be popular with common people in the next decade80. Is it reasonable for the U, S. to use nuclear weapons to attack caves and tunnels?A. Yes, because nuclear fallout is limited to the nuclear powers.B. Yes, because they can destroy the hideouts of terrorists.C. No, because they will kill a lot of innocent people.D. No, because it is against the basis of current policy.PAPER TWOPart V TRANSLATION (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions：Put the following paragraphs into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.In the United States, the use of teleconferencing and videoconferencing rose by more than 50 percent last year, and more companies are thinking twice before sending large armies of employees on business excursion. Many medium-sized businesses expect their employees to travel in economy class, or stay over a Saturday night just to avoid getting stuck with too expensive full-price business fares. And more and more businesses are participating in "fractional jet ownership" schemes, in which companies buy shares in corporate jets, entitling their employees to a certain number of exclusive flying hours onboard.Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following paragraph into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.联想（Legend）集团的崛起真实地反映了中国自身的转变，就像中国正努力从一个发展中国家变成一支。
2003年1月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案
2003年1月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案2003年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o?clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, A) “At the office” is the correct answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) They are both anxious to try Italian food.B) They are likely to have dinner together.C) The man will treat the woman to dinner tonight.D) The woman refused to have dinner with the man.2. A) It?s only for rent, not for sale.B) It?s not as good as advertised.C) It?s being redecorated.D) It?s no longer available.3. A) Colleagues.B) Husband and wife.C) Employer and employee.D) Mother and son.4. A) She contacts her parents occasionally.B) She phones her parents regularly at weekends.C) She visits her parents at weekends when the fares are down.D) She often call her parents regardless of the rates.5. A) The next bus is coming soon.B) The bus will wait a few minutes at the stop.C) There are only two or three passengers waiting for the bus.D) They can catch this bus without running.6. A) The assignment looks easy but actually it?s quite difficult.B) The assignment is too difficult for them to complete on time.C) They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.D) They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.7. A) The man will go to meet the woman this evening.B) The man and the woman have an appointment at 7 o?clock.C) The woman can?t finish making the jam before 7 o?clock.D) The woman won?t be able to see the man this evening.8. A) She?s learned a lot from the literature class.B) She?s written some books about world classics.C) She?s met some of the world?s best writers.D) She?s just back from a trip round the world.9. A) The exam was easier than the previous one.B) Joe is sure that he will do better in the next exam.C) Joe probably failed in the exam.D) The oral part of the exam was easier than the written part.10. A) She is tired of driving in heavy traffic.B) She doesn?t mind it as the road conditions are good.C) She is unhappy to have to drive such a long way every day.D) She enjoys it because she?s good at driving.Section B Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Whenthe passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in theblanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missinginformation. You can either use the exact words you have just heard orwrite down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passageis read for the third time, you should check what you have written.It?s difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It?s so vast, so deep, so (S1) ________. Unfortunately, it?s not bottomless. Over-fishing, (S2) ________ with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (S3) ________ their environment.Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermen?s means of living. At least 60 (S4) ________ of the world?s commercially important fish (S5) ________ are already over-fished, or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.Big, high-tech fleets (S6) ________ that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That?s an (S7) ________ of more than 20 million metric tons every year. (S8) ________.In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns (对虾) caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.True, (S9) ________, then catch them in a way that doesn?t kill other innocent sea life.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltagetransformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and thecommittee meetings endless.11. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they ________.A) generally possess certain inspiring characteristicsB) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary peopleC) are often influenced by previous generationsD) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans12. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that________.A) they have a vision from the mountaintopB) they have warm feelings and emotionsC) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD) they can make people feel stronger and more confident13. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.A) they are popular only among certain groups of peopleB) their performances do not improve their fans morallyC) their primary concern is their own financial interestsD) they are not clear about the principles they should follow14. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who________.A) are good at demonstrating their charming charactersB) can move the masses with their forceful speechesC) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardshipsD) can provide an answer to the problems of their people15. The author concludes that historical changes would ________.A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personalqualitiesB) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC) take place ff there were heroes to lead the peopleD) produce leaders with attractive personalitiesPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today?s traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student?s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful phi losophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic” fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.That?s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job—even before she completed her two-year associate degree.While it?s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections betweenthings, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,” he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-t erm point of view, that?s what education really ought to be about.16. According to the author?s observation, college students ________.A) have never been so materialistic as todayB) have never been so interested in the artsC) have never been so financially well off as todayD) have never attached so much importance to moral sense17. The students? criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with ________.A) the influences of their instructorsB) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the coursesD) their understanding of the contributions of others18. By saying “While it?s true that... be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5),the author means that ________.A) business management should be included in educational programsB) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC) human intellectual development has reached new heightsD) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked19. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.A) create varying artistic interestsB) help people see things in their right perspectiveC) help improve connections among peopleD) regulate the behavior of modern people20. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Passage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It?s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly importantto advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central tothe company?s plan for success,and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak an other language. A second language isn?t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equalThe employee posted abroad who speaks the country?s principal language h as an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and cam have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.21. What is the author?s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?A) Critical.B) Prejudiced.C) Indifferent.D) Positive.22. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople________.A) have to get familiar with modern technologyB) are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC) are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD) are eager to work overseas23. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means________.A) being unable to think properly for lack of insightB) being totally out of touch with business at homeC) missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD) leaving all care and worry behind24. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of internationalcorporations in employing people today?A) Connections with businesses overseas.B) Ability to speak the client?s language.C) Technical know-how.D) Business experience.25. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can________.A) better control the whole negotiation processB) easily find new approaches to meet market needsC) fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD) easily make friends with businesspeople abroadPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they?ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald?s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up i n the morning and says, …Let?s be nicer,?” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报复的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the chang e in the air.” For the first tim e, praise outnumberscomplaints on customer survey sheets.26. It may be inferred from the passage that ________.A) customer service in Israel is now improvingB) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to IsraelD) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones27. In the author?s view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ________.A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the managementB) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC) if there?s no competition among companiesD) without strict routine training of employees28. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, ________.A) they can have it fixed in no timeB) it?s no longer necessary to make an appointmentC) the appointment takes only half a day to makeD) they only have to wait half an hour at most29. The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________.A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficultyC) a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD) staff retraining is essential for better service30. Why did Bezaq?s international branch lose 40% of its market share?A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.D) Because it no longer received any support from the government.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 3.0. incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.31. Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone________ them.A) discoveredB) will discoverC) would have discoveredD) discovers32. Though ________ in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes ofcountry life.A) grownB) raisedC) tendedD) cultivated33. The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He ________ have driven so fast.A) can?tB) wouldn?tC) shouldn?tD) mustn?t34. If people feel hopeless, they don?t bother to________ the skills they need tosucceed.A) adoptB) acquireC) accumulateD) assemble35. If I ________ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.A) workedB) were to workC) had workedD) were working36. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was ________ of cheating customers.A) accusedB) chargedC) scoldedD) cursed37. All her energies are ________ upon her children and she seems to have little timefor anything else.A) guidedB) aimedC) directedD) focused38. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they ________ bywild animals.A) should be attackedB) had been attackedC) must be attackedD) would be attacked39. Everyone should be ________ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity tobe educated.A) attributedB) entitledC) identifiedD) justified40. His wife is constantly funding ________ with him, which makes him very angry.A) errorsB) shortcomingsC) faultD) flaw41. Vitamins are complex ________ that the body requires in very small mounts.A) mattersB) materialsC) particlesD) substances42. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy ________housework as carrying water and firewood.A) time-consumedB) timely-consumedC) time-consumingD) timely-consuming43. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ________ to the outsideworld.A) having been lostB) to be lostC) losingD) lost44. The police are trying to find out the ________ of the woman killed in the trafficaccident.A) evidenceB) recognitionC) statusD) identity45. All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the ________ they keep fromsomeone they talk with.A) distanceB) scopeC) rangeD) boundary46. We have planned an exciting publicity ________ with our advertisers.A) struggleB) campaignC) battleD) conflict47. ________ the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.A) BesidesB) Regardless ofC) But forD) Despite48. ________ much is known about what occurs during sleep, the precise function ofsleep and its different stages remains largely in the realm of assumption.A) BecauseB) ForC) SinceD) While49. John doesn?t believe in ________ medicine; he has some remedies of his own.A) standardB) regularC) routineD) conventional50. Owing to ________ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have beenreduced considerably.A) fierceB) strainedC) eagerD) critical51. They always give the vacant seats to ________ comes first.A) whoeverB) whomeverC) whoD) whom52. In Africa, educational costs are very low for those who are ________ enough to getinto universities.A) ambitiousB) fortunateC) aggressiveD) substantial53. Professor Wang, ________ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by hisstudents.A) knowingB) knownC) to be knownD) having known54. Our manager is ________ an important customer now and he will be back thisafternoon.A) calling onB) calling inC) calling upD) calling for55. A fire engine must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of________.A) precautionB) crisisC) emergencyD) urgency56. He said that the driver must have had an accident; otherwise he ________ by then.A) would have arrivedB) must have arrivedC) should arriveD) would arrive57. The film provides a deep ________ into a wide range of human qualifies andfeelings.A) insightB) imaginationC) fancyD) outlook58. It is high time that such practices ________.A) are endedB) be endedC) were endedD) must be ended59. Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if only the ________ charged onpublic transport were more reasonable.A) feesB) faresC) paymentsD) costs60. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally ________.A) pulled outB) pulled throughC) pulled upD) pulled overPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You shouldchoose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds (语声), and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.Let?s look at this __61__ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, __62__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __63__ world.Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by __64__ of cries: for example, many birds utter __65__ calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter __66__ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. __67__ these various means of communication differ in important ways __68__ human language. For instance, animals? cries do not __69__ thoughts and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that __70__ us to divide a human utterance into __71__.We can change an utterance by __72__ one word in it with __73__: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north“, __74__ who can change one word and say aircraft approaching from the no rth” or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, __75__ means “danger!”This is why the number of __76__ that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case __77__ point; it has about twenty different calls, __78__ in human language the number of possible utterances is __79__. It also explains why animal cries are very __80__ in meaning.61. A) classificationB) definitionC) functionD) perception62. A) thatB) itC) asD) what63. A) nativeB) humanC) physicalD) animal64. A) waysB) meansC) methodsD) approaches65. A) matingB) excitingC) warningD) boring66. A) identicalB) similarC) differentD) unfamiliar67. A) ButB) ThereforeC) AfterwardsD) Furthermore68. A) aboutB) withC) fromD) in69. A) inferB) explainC) interpretD) express70. A) encouragesB) enablesC) enforcesD) ensures71. A) speechesB) soundsC) wordsD) voices72. A) replacingB) spellingC) pronouncingD) saying73. A) oursB) theirsC) anotherD) others74. A) soB) andC) butD) or75. A) thisB) thatC) whichD) it76. A) signsB) gesturesC) signalsD) marks77. A) inB) atC) ofD) for78. A) whereasB) sinceC) anyhowD) somehow79. A) boundlessB) changeableC) limitlessD) ceaseless80. A) ordinaryB) alikeC) commonD) generalPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words accordingto the outline given below in Chinese.1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实It Pays to Be Honest2003年1月四级参考答案Part I1. B2. D3. D4. B5. A6. D7. B8. A9. C 10. BPart II11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A 16. A 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. D 21.D 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. BPart III31. D 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C 41.D 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. D 50. A 51. A 52. B53. B 54. A 55. C 56. A 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. BPart IV。
2003年1月大学英语四级试题 2阅读理解 及注释 (1)
2003年1月大学英语四级阅读理解2003年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but he pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.11. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they ____.A) generally possess certain inspiring characteristicsB) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary peopleC) are often influenced by previous generationsD) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans12. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that ____.A) they have a vision from the mountaintopB) they have warm feelings and emotionsC) They can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD) they can make people feel stronger and more confident13. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ____.A) they are popular only among certain groups of peopleB) their performances do not improve their fans moralsC) their primary concern is their own financial interestsD) they are not clear about the principles they should follow14. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who ____.A) are good at demonstrating their charming charactersB) can move the masses with their forceful speechesC) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardshipsD) can provide an answer to the problems of their people15. The author concludes that historical changes would ____.A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesB) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC) take place if there were heroes to lead the peopleD) produce leaders with attractive personalities2003年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇【参考译文】我与许多同辈人一样, 对英雄怀有痴心的崇拜。
2003年1月大学英语六级考试试题
2003年1月大学英语六级考试试题Part I Listening Comprehension (20minutes)Section A1. A) It has nothing to do with the Internet. B) She needs another week to get it ready.C) It contains some valuable ideas. D) It's far from being ready yet.2. A) The woman is strict with her employees. B) The man always has excuses for being late.C) The woman is a kind-hearted boss. D) The man's alarm clock didn't work that morning.3. A) The woman should try her luck in the bank nearby.B) The bank around the comer is not open today.C) The woman should use dollars instead of pounds.D) The bank near the railway station closes late.4. A) Make an appointment with Dr. Chen. B) Wait for about three minutes.C) Call again some time later. D) Try dialing the number again.5. A)He is sure they will succeed in next test. B) He did no better than the woman in the test.C) He believes she will pass the test this time. D) He felt upset because of her failure.6. A)The woman has to attend a summer course to graduate.B) The man thinks the woman can earn the credits.C) The woman is begging the man to let her pass the exam.D) The woman is going to graduate from summer school.7. A) Fred is planning a trip to Canada.B) Fred usually flies to Canada with Jane.C) Fred persuaded Jane to change her mind.D) Fred likes the beautiful scenery along the way to Canada.8. A)Hang some pictures for decoration. B) Find room for the paintings.C) Put more coats of paint on the wall. D) Paint the walls to match the furniture.9. A) He'll give a lecture on drawing. B) He doesn't mind if the woman goes to the lecture.C) He'd rather not go to the lecture. D) He's going to attend the lecture.10. A)Selecting the best candidate. B) Choosing a campaign manager.C) Trying to persuade the woman to vote for him. D) Running for chairman of the student union. Section BPassage OneQuestions l 1 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) To study the problems of local industries.B) To find ways to treat human wastes.C) To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.D) To conduct a study on fishing in the Riramichi River.12. A) Lack of oxygen. B) Overgrowth of water plants.C) Low water level. D) Serious pollution upstream.13. A) They'll be closed down. B) They're going to dismiss some of their employees.C) They'll be moved to other places. D) They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.14. A) There were fewer fish in the river.B) Over-fishing was prohibited.C) The local Chamber of Commerce tried to preserve fishes.D) The local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) Oral instructions recorded on a tape. B) A brief letter sealed in an envelope.C) A written document of several pages. D) A short note to their lawyer.16. A) Refrain from going out with men for five years.B) Stop wearing any kind of fashionable clothes.C) Bury the dentist with his favorite car.D) Visit his grave regularly for five years,17. A) He was angry with his selfish relatives.B) He was just being humorous.C) He was not a wealthy man.D) He wanted to leave his body for medical purposes.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A)They thought it quite acceptable . B) They believed it to be a luxury.C) They took it to be a trend. D) They considered it avoidable.19. A) Critical. B) Skeptical. C) Serious. D) Casual.20. A) When people consider marriage an important part of their lives.B) When the costs of getting a divorce become unaffordable.C) When the current marriage law is modified.D) When husband and wife understand each other better.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35minutes)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world's favorite academic title: the MBA( Master of Business Administration ).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day."If you are going into the corporate world it is sill a disadvantage not to have one," said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. "But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ' Should I attempt to get an MBA? 'the answer a lot more is: It depends. ,The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degrees and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hires "extremely disappointing" and said "MBAs want to move up too fast, they don't understand politics and people, and they aren't able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they're out looking for other jobs."The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against theanti-business values of the 1960s and by the women's movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. "They don't get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,'' said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.21. According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?A) Scornful. B) Appreciative. C) Envious. D) Realistic.22. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by __________A) the complaints from various employersB) The success of many non-MBAsC) The criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD) The poor performance of MBAs at work23. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review?A) They are usually self-centered.B) They are aggressive and greedy.C) They keep complaining about their jobs.D) They are not good at dealing with people.24. From the passage we know that most MBAsA) can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB) quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC) receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD) cherish unrealistic expectations about their future25. What is the passage mainly about?A) Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B) The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C) Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D) A debate held recently on university campuses.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town's 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬) taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property- tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska's educators and the state's largest teachers' union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state's share of school funding.It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $1.5 million needed to keep schools open.But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next year's state aid, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller -- perhaps more acceptable -- tax increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including $ 600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $ 250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will cost the district $ 275,000 more.Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schoolsopen. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14 local and national television stations and networks. The president of the National Education Association, the MEA's parent organization, flew from Washington, D. C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated.Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership (破产管理) and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week.26. We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded ________.A) by both the local and state governmentsB) exclusively by the local governmentC) mainly by the state governmentD) by the National Education Association27. One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was ________.A) to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staffB) to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issuesC) to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the publicD) to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools28. The author seems to disapprove of ________.A) the Michigan lawmakers' endless debatingB) the shutting of schools in KalkaskaC) the involvement of the mass mediaD) delaying the passage of the school funding legislation29. We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are more concerned about ________.A) a raise in the property-tax rate in MichiganB) reopening the schools there immediatelyC) the attitude of the MEA's parent organizationD) making a political issue of the closing of the schools30. According to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of ________.A) the complexity of the problemB) the political motives on the part of the educatorsC) the weak response of the state officialsD) the strong protest on the part of the students' parentsPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:German Chancellor (首相) Otto V on Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy (遗产) includes many of today's social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compensation law in 1884.By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers' compensation insurance. America's injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees bad to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers' compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers' compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states' average weekly wages.In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states' average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system, it's not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.31. The world's first workers' compensation law was introduced by Bismarck ___________.A) to make industrial production saferB) to speed up the pace of industrializationC) out of religious and political considerationsD) for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement32. We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe ___________.A) was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsB) resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC) required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplaceD) met growing resistance from laborers working at machines33. One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early 19th century was that ___________.A) they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of lawB) different states in the U.S. had totally different compensation programsC) America's average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingD) they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident34. After 1972 workers' compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workers so that ___________.A) the poverty level 1hr a family of four went up drasticallyB) there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsC) the number of workers suing for damages increasedD) more money was allocated to their compensation system35. The author ends the passage with the implication that ___________.A) compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB) the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemC) people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation systemD) money floating in the compensation system is a huge, drain on the U.S. economyPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, "Our enormously productive economy.., demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption….We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate."Americans have responded to Lebow's call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies -- Japan and the United States -- show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Over consumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically, high consumption may by a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow -- that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of over consumption -- poverty -- is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin American, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?36. The emergence of the affluent society after World War Ⅱ_______.A) gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumersB) gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismC) led to the reform of the retailing systemD) resulted in the worship of consumerism37. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is _______.A) the conversion of the sale of goods into ritualsB) the people's desire for a rise in their living standardsC) the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD) the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consume38. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.C) Because over consumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.D) Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.39. According to the passage, consumerist culture _______.A) cannot thrive on a fragile economyB) will not aggravate environmental problemsC) cannot satisfy human spiritual needsD) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries40. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB) there is never an end to satisfying people's material needsC) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueD) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemPart ⅢVocabulary (20 minutes)41.I have my eyes tested anti the report says that my _______ is perfect.A) outlook B) vision C) horizon D) perspective42. He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in _______ with the Imperial Museum.A) collection B) connection C) collaboration D) combination43. In those days, executives expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for _______, to retire at the age of 65.A) integrity B) denial C) incompetence D) deduction44. Others viewed the findings with _______, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be shown.A) optimism B) passion C) caution D) deliberation45. The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle _______ was caused by unusually low temperatures immediately before the launch.A) expedition B) controversy C) dismay D) disaster46. When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are _______ to fall.A) timely B) simultaneous C) subject D) liable47. The music aroused an feeling of homesickness in him.A) intentional B) intermittent C) intense D) intrinsic48. I bought an alarm clock with a(n) _______ dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.A) supersonic B) luminous C) audible D) amplified49. The results are hardly _______; he cannot believe they are accurate.A) credible B) contrary C) critical D) crucial50. This new laser printer is _______ with all leading software.A) comparable B) competitive C) compatible D) cooperative51. The ball __________ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A) swayed B) bounced C) hopped D) darted52. He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and __________ it in a single nod, a gesture boys used then for O. K. when they were pleased.A) shrugged B) tugged C) jerked D) twisted53. Many types of rock are __________ from volcanoes as solid, fragmentary material.A) flung B) propelled C) ejected D) injected54. With prices __________ so much, it is difficult for the school to plan a budget.A) vibrating B) fluctuating C) fluttering D) swinging55. The person who __________ this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise.A) originated B) speculated C) generated D) manufactured56. _______ that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before traditional sources become inadequate.A) Concerning B) Ascertaining C) Assuming D) Regarding57. Her jewelry _______ under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.A) glared B) glittered C) blazed D) dazzled58. Connie was told that if she worked too hard, her health would _______.A) deteriorate B) degrade C) descend D) decay59. We find that some birds _______ twice a year between hot and cold countries.A) transfer B) commute C) migrate D) emigrate60. As visiting scholars, they willingly _______ to the customs of the country they live in.A) submit B) conform C) subject D) commit61. More than 85 percent of French Canada's population speaks French as a mother tongue and _______ to the Roman Catholic faith.A) caters B) adheres C) ascribes D) subscribes62. The professor found himself constantly _______ the question: "How could anyone do these things?"A) presiding B) poring C) pondering D) presuming63. Weeks _______ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.A) terminated B) elapsed C) overlapped D) expired64. In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which _______ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.A) relieve B) reconcile C) reclaim D) rectify65. How much of your country's electrical supply is __________ from water power?A) deduced B) detached C) derived D) declined66. She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company's client data, which she intended to _______ in starting her own business.A) dwell on B) come upon C) base on D) draw upon67. The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are __________.A) intricate B) fragile C) subtle D) crisp68. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only __________ the crisis.A) accelerates B) prevails C) ascends D) precedes69. He blew out the candle and __________ his way to the door.A) converged B) groped C) strove D) wrenched70. Often such arguments have the effect of __________ rather than clarifying the issues involved.A) obscuring B) prejudicing C) tackling D) blockingPart IV Cloze (15minutes)When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and 71 than male managers?Some research 72 the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such a: greater 73 , an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a 74 to bring emotional factors to bear 75 making workplace decisions. These differences are 76 to carry advantages for companies, 77 they expand the range of techniques that can be used to 78 the company manage its workforce 79 .A study commissioned by the International Women's Forum 80 a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men ) that 81 from the command-and-control style 82 used by male managers. Using this "interactive leadership" approach, "women 83 participation, share power and information, 84 other people's self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these 85 reflect their belief that allowing 86 to contribute and to feel 87 and important is a win-win 88 good for the employees and the organization." The study's director 89 that " interactive leadership may emerge 90 the management style of choice for many organizations."71. A) confronted B) commanded C) confined D) committed72. A) supports B) argues C) opposes D) despises73. A) combination B) cooperativeness C) coherence D) correlation74. A) willingness B) loyalty C) sensitivity D) virtue75. A) by B) in C) at D) with76. A) disclosed B) watched C) revised D) seen77. A) therefore B) whereas C) because D) nonetheless78. A) help B) enable C) support D) direct79. A ) evidently B) precisely C) aggressively D) effectively80. A) developed B) invented C) discovered D) located81. A) derives B) differs C) descends D) detaches82. A) inherently B) traditionally C) conditionally D) occasionally83. A) encourage B) dismiss C) disapprove D) engage84. A) enhance B) enlarge C) ignore D) degrade85. A) themes B) subjects C) researches D) things86. A) managers B) women C) employees D) males87. A) faithful B) powerful C) skillful D) thoughtful88. A ) situation B ) status C) circumstance D) position89. A) predicted B) proclaimed C) defied D) diagnosed90. A) into B) from C) as D) forPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest.You should write at/east 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2. 诚实实利人利己，做人应该诚实It Pays to Be Honest2003年1月六级全真试题答案与解析Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1. [听力原文]M: How well are you prepared for the presentation? Your turn comes next Wednesday.W: I spent a whole week searching on the net, but came up with nothing valuable.Q: What did the woman say about her presentation?2. [听力原文]W: Morning, Jack. Late again? What's the excuse this time?M: I'm awfully sorry. I must have turned the Mann off and gone back to sleep again.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?3. [听力原文]W: Excuse me, but could you tell me where I can change American dollars into British pounds?M: There is a bank around the comer, but I'm afraid it's already past its closing time. Why don't you try the one near the railway station?Q: What does the man mean?4. [听力原文]M: Could I speak to Dr. Chen? She told me to call her today.W: She's not available right now. Would you like to try around 3?Q: What does the woman tell the man to do?5. [听力原文]W: Oh, dear. I'm afraid I'll fail again in the national test. It's the third time I took it.M: Don't be too upset. I have the same fate. Let's try a fourth time.Q: What does the man mean?6. [听力原文]W: Professor Smith, I really need the credit to graduate this summer.M: Here at this school the credits are earned, not given.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?。
2003年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷及参考答案
2003年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, A) “At the office” is the correct answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) They are both anxious to try Italian food.B) They are likely to have dinner together.C) The man will treat the woman to dinner tonight.D) The woman refused to have dinner with the man.2. A) It’s only for rent, not for sale.B) It’s not as good as advertised.C) It’s being redecorated.D) It’s no longer available.3. A) Colleagues.B) Husband and wife.C) Employer and employee.D) Mother and son.4. A) She contacts her parents occasionally.B) She phones her parents regularly at weekends.C) She visits her parents at weekends when the fares are down.D) She often call her parents regardless of the rates.5. A) The next bus is coming soon.B) The bus will wait a few minutes at the stop.C) There are only two or three passengers waiting for the bus.D) They can catch this bus without running.6. A) The assignment looks easy but actually it’s quite difficult.B) The assignment is too difficult for them to complete on time.C) They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.D) They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.7. A) The man will go to meet the woman this evening.B) The man and the woman have an appointment at 7 o’clock.C) The woman can’t finish making the jam before 7 o’clock.D) The woman won’t be able to see the man this evening.8. A) She’s learned a lot from the literature class.B) She’s written some books about world classics.C) She’s met some of the world’s best writers.D) She’s just back from a trip round the world.9. A) The exam was easier than the previous one.B) Joe is sure that he will do better in the next exam.C) Joe probably failed in the exam.D) The oral part of the exam was easier than the written part.10. A) She is tired of driving in heavy traffic.B) She doesn’t mind it as the road conditions are good.C) She is unhappy to have to drive such a long way every day.D) She enjoys it because she’s good at driving.Section B Compound DictationDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage isread for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. Whenthe passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in theblanks numbered from S1 to S7 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from S8 to S10 you are required to fill in the missinginformation. You can either use the exact words you have just heard orwrite down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passageis read for the third time, you should check what you have written.It’s difficult to imagine the sea ever running out of fish. It’s so vast, so deep, so (S1) ________. Unfortunately, it’s not bottomless. Over-fishing, (S2) ________ with destructive fishing practices, is killing off the fish and (S3) ________ their environment.Destroy the fish, and you destroy the fishermen’s means of living. At least 60 (S4) ________ of the world’s commercially important fish (S5) ________ are already over-fished, or fished to the limit. As a result, governments have had to close down some areas of sea to commercial fishing.Big, high-tech fleets (S6) ________ that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That’s an (S7) ________ of more than 20 million metric tons every year. (S8) ________.In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns (对虾) caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.True, (S9) ________, then catch them in a way that doesn’t kill other innocent sea life.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can beused by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.11. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they ________.A) generally possess certain inspiring characteristicsB) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary peopleC) are often influenced by previous generationsD) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans12. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that________.A) they have a vision from the mountaintopB) they have warm feelings and emotionsC) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD) they can make people feel stronger and more confident13. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.A) they are popular only among certain groups of peopleB) their performances do not improve their fans morallyC) their primary concern is their own financial interestsD) they are not clear about the principles they should follow14. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who________.A) are good at demonstrating their charming charactersB) can move the masses with their forceful speechesC) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardshipsD) can provide an answer to the problems of their people15. The author concludes that historical changes would ________.A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesB) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC) take place ff there were heroes to lead the peopleD) produce leaders with attractive personalitiesPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today’s traditional-age college freshmen are “more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic” fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job—even before she completed her two-year associate degree.While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions—be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,” he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”From the long-term point of view, that’s what education really ought to be about.16. According to the author’s observation, college students ________.A) have never been so materialistic as todayB) have never been so interested in the artsC) have never been so financially well off as todayD) have never attached so much importance to moral sense17. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with ________.A) the influences of their instructorsB) the financial goals they seek in lifeC) their own interpretations of the coursesD) their understanding of the contributions of others18. By saying “While it’s true that... be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5),the author means that ________.A) business management should be included in educational programsB) human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC) human intellectual development has reached new heightsD) the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked19. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.A) create varying artistic interestsB) help people see things in their right perspectiveC) help improve connections among peopleD) regulate the behavior of modern people20. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B) Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C) People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D) Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.Passage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. It’s now a “global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills.Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often helps support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being “out of sight and out of mind.” He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the company’s plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas,superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United States where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent (普遍的).Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equalThe employee posted abroad who speaks the country’s principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and cam have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.21. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?A) Critical.B) Prejudiced.C) Indifferent.D) Positive.22. With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, businesspeople________.A) have to get familiar with modern technologyB) are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC) are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD) are eager to work overseas23. In this passage, “out of sight and out of mind” (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means________.A) being unable to think properly for lack of insightB) being totally out of touch with business at homeC) missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD) leaving all care and worry behind24. According to the passage, what is an important consideration of internationalcorporations in employing people today?A) Connections with businesses overseas.B) Ability to speak the client’s language.C) Technical know-how.D) Business experience.25. The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can________.A) better control the whole negotiation processB) easily find new approaches to meet market needsC) fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD) easily make friends with businesspeople abroadPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ‘Let’s be nicer,’” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报复的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.26. It may be inferred from the passage that ________.A) customer service in Israel is now improvingB) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to pleaseC) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to IsraelD) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones27. In the author’s view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ________.A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the managementB) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbersC) if there’s no competition among companiesD) without strict routine training of employees28. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, ________.A) they can have it fixed in no timeB) it’s no longer necessary to make an appointmentC) the appointment takes only half a day to makeD) they only have to wait half an hour at most29. The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________.A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprisesB) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficultyC) a good slogan has great potential for improving serviceD) staff retraining is essential for better service30. Why did Bezaq’s international branch lose 40% of its market share?A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.D) Because it no longer received any support from the government.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 3.0. incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.31. Such crimes may be so complex that months or years go by before anyone________ them.A) discoveredB) will discoverC) would have discoveredD) discovers32. Though ________ in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes ofcountry life.A) grownB) raisedC) tendedD) cultivated33. The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He ________ have driven so fast.A) can’tB) wouldn’tC) shouldn’tD) mustn’t34. If people feel hopeless, they don’t bother to ________ the skills they need tosucceed.A) adoptB) acquireC) accumulateD) assemble35. If I ________ harder at school, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.A) workedB) were to workC) had workedD) were working36. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was ________ of cheating customers.A) accusedB) chargedC) scoldedD) cursed37. All her energies are ________ upon her children and she seems to have little timefor anything else.A) guidedB) aimedC) directedD) focused38. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they ________ bywild animals.A) should be attackedB) had been attackedC) must be attackedD) would be attacked39. Everyone should be ________ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity tobe educated.A) attributedB) entitledC) identifiedD) justified40. His wife is constantly funding ________ with him, which makes him very angry.A) errorsB) shortcomingsC) faultD) flaw41. Vitamins are complex ________ that the body requires in very small mounts.A) mattersB) materialsC) particlesD) substances42. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on such heavy ________housework as carrying water and firewood.A) time-consumedB) timely-consumedC) time-consumingD) timely-consuming43. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ________ to the outsideworld.A) having been lostB) to be lostC) losingD) lost44. The police are trying to find out the ________ of the woman killed in the trafficaccident.A) evidenceB) recognitionC) statusD) identity45. All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the ________ they keep fromsomeone they talk with.A) distanceB) scopeC) rangeD) boundary46. We have planned an exciting publicity ________ with our advertisers.A) struggleB) campaignC) battleD) conflict47. ________ the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.A) BesidesB) Regardless ofC) But forD) Despite48. ________ much is known about what occurs during sleep, the precise function ofsleep and its different stages remains largely in the realm of assumption.A) BecauseB) ForC) SinceD) While49. John doesn’t believe in ________ medicine; he has some remedies of his own.A) standardB) regularC) routineD) conventional50. Owing to ________ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have beenreduced considerably.A) fierceB) strainedC) eagerD) critical51. They always give the vacant seats to ________ comes first.A) whoeverB) whomeverC) whoD) whom52. In Africa, educational costs are very low for those who are ________ enough to getinto universities.A) ambitiousB) fortunateC) aggressiveD) substantial53. Professor Wang, ________ for his informative lectures, was warmly received by hisstudents.A) knowingB) knownC) to be knownD) having known54. Our manager is ________ an important customer now and he will be back thisafternoon.A) calling onB) calling inC) calling upD) calling for55. A fire engine must have priority as it usually has to deal with some kind of________.A) precautionB) crisisC) emergencyD) urgency56. He said that the driver must have had an accident; otherwise he ________ by then.A) would have arrivedB) must have arrivedC) should arriveD) would arrive57. The film provides a deep ________ into a wide range of human qualifies andfeelings.A) insightB) imaginationC) fancyD) outlook58. It is high time that such practices ________.A) are endedB) be endedC) were endedD) must be ended59. Urban crowdedness would be greatly relieved if only the ________ charged onpublic transport were more reasonable.A) feesB) faresC) paymentsD) costs60. The doctor had almost lost hope at one point, but the patient finally ________.A) pulled outB) pulled throughC) pulled upD) pulled overPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You shouldchoose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecenter.A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds (语声), and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.Let’s look at this __61__ in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, __62__ distinguishes man from the rest of the __63__ world.Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by __64__ of cries: for example, many birds utter __65__ calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter __66__ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. __67__ these various means of communication differ in important ways __68__ human language. For instance, animals’cries do not __69__ thoughts and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that __70__ us to divide a human utterance into __71__.We can change an utterance by __72__ one word in it with __73__: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north“, __74__ who can change one word and say aircraft approaching from the north”or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, __75__ means “danger!”This is why the number of __76__ that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case __77__ point; it has about twenty different calls, __78__ in human language the number of possible utterances is __79__. It also explains why animal cries are very __80__ in meaning.61. A) classificationB) definitionC) functionD) perception62. A) thatB) itC) asD) what63. A) nativeB) humanC) physicalD) animal64. A) waysB) meansC) methodsD) approaches65. A) matingB) excitingC) warningD) boring66. A) identicalB) similarC) differentD) unfamiliar67. A) ButB) ThereforeC) AfterwardsD) Furthermore68. A) aboutB) withC) fromD) in69. A) inferB) explainC) interpretD) express70. A) encouragesB) enablesC) enforcesD) ensures71. A) speechesB) soundsC) wordsD) voices72. A) replacingB) spellingC) pronouncing73. A) oursB) theirsC) anotherD) others74. A) soB) andC) butD) or75. A) thisB) thatC) whichD) it76. A) signsB) gesturesC) signalsD) marks77. A) inB) atC) ofD) for78. A) whereasB) sinceC) anyhowD) somehow79. A) boundlessB) changeableC) limitlessD) ceaseless80. A) ordinaryB) alikeD) generalPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words accordingto the outline given below in Chinese.1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实It Pays to Be Honest2003年1月四级参考答案Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IVS1. mysteriousS2. coupledS3. ruiningS4. percentS5. speciesS6. ensureS7. averageS8. When you consider that equals a quarter of the world catch, you begin to see the size of the problem. S9. True, some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it’s vital we find a rational way of fishingS10. Before every ocean becomes a dead sea, it would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce。
浙江省2003年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题1
课程代码：00795Ⅰ.Complete the sentences with the best choice.Write your right letter on the Answer Sheet:(10%)1.Without trees our world ( ) a much drier place.A. isB. will beC. would beD. must be2.He is determined to get ( ) of the profit than he has been offered.A.ten percent moreB.ten more percentC.more ten percentD.as much as ten percent3.I ( ) Jenny Stone during the interval of the play,incidentally.A.ran intoB.ran downC.ran overD.ran on4.She is said ( ) French at a college in Paris now.A.to learnB.to have learntC.to be learntD.to be learning5.We ( ) better under more favourable conditions.A.could doB.should doC.must have doneD.could have done6.I kept ( ) on the papers since you said how much you enjoyed the play.A.myB.my eyesC.an eyeD.eye7.The speaker, ( ) for her splendid speeches,was warmly received by the audience.A.knownB.having knownC.knowingD.being known8.It's time he ( ) what has happened.A.is toldB.be toldC.was toldD.tells9.I'd like to have ( ) with you sometime this week about your approaching examination.A.some wordB.a wordC.some wordsD.one word10.A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, ( ) he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.A.ifB.wheneverC.so thatD.whereasⅡ.Complete the sentences with a word derived from the one in brackets.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet:(5%)1.My area of _____ is international communication.(special)2.Current research indicates a _____ relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat.(cause)3.We have to _____ our students with the rules and regulations of our school.(familiar)4.Nobody believed his _____ that he had not taken any books from the public library.(deny)5.He made a _____ long speech at the conference.(surprise)。
2003年1月份浙江省高等教育自学考试综合英语（一）试题
Ⅰ。
⽤适当的语法形式或词汇填空。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出⼀个正确答案。
（每⼩题1分，共30分） 1. I knew the thing （）。
A. by accidentB. in accidentC. with accidentD. at accident 2. So they （） the bad news gently-her husband was dead.A. brokeB. let onC. murmuredD. muttered 3. She had changed so much over the years that I hardly （） her.A. recreatedB. realizedC. recognizedD. reacted 4. My grandmother was physically （） after her tears.A. tiredB. exhaustedC. fatiguedD. tire 5. The new library is equipped with various protections （） fire.A. fromB. ofC. underD. against 6. He gave a good （） in the “Sydney 2000”，defeating every opponent in contests.A. amountB. announceC. arouseD. account 7. The old professor （） himself to the cause of education.A. influencedB. was devoidedC. devolved onD. devoted 8. The meeting is （）a proposal to construct a new swimming pool.A. in connection withB. in view ofC. in comparisonD. on account of 9. There are many （） between them.Maybe they are twins.A. specimensB. instrumentsC. differencesD. resemblances 10. How did it come （） that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework.A. aboutB. withC. afterD. to 11. The medicine had no （） on him.A. affectionB. effectC. affectD. effective 12. It was 10 o‘clock when the train （） into New York.A. drewB. enteredC. pulledD. dragged 13. Four days later，a headline about a burglary （） his eye.A. caughtB. metC. tookD. taught 14. A friend of my wife （） at her kids one day when they were running out to meet a trash truck.A. yelledB. abandonedC. indulgedD. flung 15. If a woman is fat in a pleasant looking way，we say she is （）。
浙江省2003年1月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题6
Passage 4America is a country on the move.In unheard-of numbers,people of all ages are exercising their way to betterhealth.According to the latest statistics,59 percent of American adults exercise regularly—up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the number of 25 years ago.Even non-exercisers believe that they would be more attractive and confident if they were more active.It is hard not to get the message.The virtues of physical health are shown on magazine covers,postage stamps,and television advertisements for everything from beauty soaps to travel books.Exercise as a part of daily life didn't catch on until the late 1960s when research by military doctors began to show the health benefits of doing regular physical exercises.Growing publicity for races held in American cities helped to start a strong interest in the ancient sport of running.Although running has leveled off in recent years as Americans have discovered equally rewarding—and sometimes safer—forms of exercise,such as walking and swimming,running remains the most popular form of exercise.As the popularity of exercise continues to increase,so does scientific proof of its health benefits.The key to health is exercising the major muscle groups vigorously enough to about double the heart rate and keep it doubled for 20 to 30 minutes at a time.Doing such physical exercises three times or more a week will produce considerable improvements in physical health in about three months.16.According to the passage,what was the percentage of American adults doing regular physical exercises two years ago?A.About 70%.B.Nearly 60%.C.Almost 50%.D.More than 12%.17.A growing interest in sports developed after _____.A.an increasing number of races were held in American citiesB.people got the message from magazine covers and postage stampsC.scientific evidence of health benefits was shown on TV adsD.research showed that their health benefits18.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “leveled off”(Para. 2,Line 5)?A.become very popularB.stopped being popularC.stopped increasing in popularityD.reached its lowest level in popularity19.It can be learnt from the passage that the health benefits of exercise _____.A.are supported by scientific evidenceB.are to be further studiedC.are yet to be provedD.are self-evident20.Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?A.Different Forms of ExerciseB.Running—A Popular Form of SportC.Scientific Evidence of Health BenefitsD.Exercise—The Road to HealthⅦ.Translate the following into English with words or phrases given in brackets,and then write your sentences on the Answer Sheet:(25%)1.经过6个⽉的艰难谈判，这个国家终于与他的邻国达成协议。
2003年考研英语一真题答案解析
2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语第一部分英语知识运用试题解析一、文章总体分析文章主要论述了教师们应该关注青少年在成长时期所经历的情感、心智和生理上的变化，并采取方法帮助他们适应这些变化，健康成长。
第一段第一、二句是主题句，点明文章主题。
从第三句开始介绍了青少年的各种变化，如：自我意识很强，需要从成功中获得自信等。
接下来是对老师的建议：设计有更多优胜者的活动，组织各种小型俱乐部，让成年人在幕后支持。
第二段特别强调教师在设计活动时要注意保持其多样性，以适应青少年注意力持续时间短的特点。
此外，成年人要帮助学生在活动中培养责任感。
二、试题具体解析1. [A]（give）thought (to) 想过，思考[B]（give sb. an/some）idea（of）使了解……的情况[C]（have a good/bad）opinion (of) 对……印象很好[D]（give）advice（to）提建议[答案] A[解析]本题考核的知识点是：平行句子结构+ 固定搭配。
首先，从文章结构上看，第一段的第一、二句是平行的并列句：Teachers need to be aware of（教师应该注意）和And they also need to give serious 1 to（同时他们须认真……）。
注意第二句中的两个they分别指代了第一句中的teachers和young adults，第二句中的give serious 1 to与第一句中的be aware of（知道，意识到）也应在意义上相呼应。
其次，考生需要判断四个选项中哪一个能与 give...to 构成短语。
idea这个词词义很丰富，包括“想法、意思、概念、思想、意识、打算、建议”等，但通常与介词of而不是to连用；opinion意为“意见；看法”，一般不与give搭配；advice（建议）虽然可与give 及to搭配，但介词to后应接人，即建议的接受者，如果要表达“提出…方面的建议”，应该用“give advice on sth.”。
浙江省2003年1月高等教育自学考试基础英语试题2
27.China is a ______ country.A.socialist great modernizedB.socialist modernized greatC.great modernized socialistD.modernized socialist great28.We must face the fact ______ we have spent all our money.A.thatB.whichC.on whichD.it29.If he ______ that, he would have run away.A.realizesB.would have realizedC.had realizedD.have realized30.It is this terrible wastefulness ______ has got us into the mess we are in now.A.whichB.thatC.itD.who三、改错(10分)下⾯句⼦中有A，B，C，D四个划底线部分，其中有⼀个是错误的，选出错误部分的字母，⽆需改正错误。
That is troubling her is that she doesn't have much experience in business.A B C DAs far as the method itself is concerned it is worth trying. The trouble is thatA B Cwe don't have enough hand.DThe United States, alike many other countries, receives a large number ofA B Cimmigrants yearly from all over the world.D4.The people who buy these imported things will have to pay the duties, on the formA B C Dof higher prices.5.A cut in your prices is exactly that our customers wish that you should do.A B C D6.The phenomena of nature is changing all the time, we only have limited knowledgeA B Cabout them.D7.You had better eat more fruit, and it will do you goodness.A B C D8.They can be opened at both ends, thus making it possible load and unload at theA B Csame time.D9.Eva concentrated to her reading so that she could understand the story.A B C D10.The wooden cases for our goods should be not only seaworthy and strong enough toA B Cprotect them from any damage.D。
浙江省2003年1月高等教育自学考试基础英语试题1
课程代码：00088⼀、单词或短语的英汉互译(共10分)1.将下列词语译成中⽂(5分)(1)in the red(2)the silk trade(3)a precaution against withdrawals(4)inventory carrying costs(5)GNP2.将下列词语译成英⽂(5分)(6)交通阻塞 (7)原材料 (8)需求曲线(9)英国⼯业⾰命 (10)资本设备⼆、词汇应⽤和语法结构(共30分)(⼀)词汇应⽤(15分)：选择答案完成句⼦。
1.Foods composed of two or more ingredients must ______ labels listing all ingredients.A.bringB.putC.writeD.bear2.They were ______ for almost one hour in the traffic jam, so they missed the train.A.put upB.held upC.put onD.held on3.I can finish it ______ quickly if you do not bother me.A.fairlyB.ratherC.tooD.so4.For two thousand years, this custom in the town ______ unchanged.stsB.remainsC.staysD.continues5.As he read, Mr. Smith looked up ______ to greet someone he knew.A.oftenB.sometimeuallyD.occasionally6.Nearly every major city in the world ____ some form of public transportation.A.providesB.givesC.suppliesD.brings7.He made a great ______ to be kind and friendly to every student of his.A.attemptB.practiceC.effortD.power8.The cost of the material is ______ in the bill for the work.A.enclosedbinedC.keptD.included9.It is not our normal ______ to give credit, but this time I think we should consider the matter more closely.A.practiceB.stateC.intentionD.occasion10.In 1994 ______, the factory saved 20,000 RMB for our country.A.aloneB.lonelyC.stillD.whole11.Your wife is ______ along very well.She'll be out of hospital soon.ingB.goingC.keepingD.taking12.The flight to Shanghai was ______ because of snow.A.delayedB.deposedC.divertedD.rejected13.I ______ my house against fire.A.insureB.assureC.ensureD.sure14.It seems that they are reluctant to undertake the scheme.Theunderlined word can be replaced by ______.A.willinglyB.unwillingC.wishfulD.responsible15.Most people are more or less selfish.The underlined part means ______.A.somewhereB.somewhatC.somehowD.slightly(⼆)语法结构(15分)选择答案完成句⼦。
2003年1月份浙江省高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题
Ⅰ。
Complete the sentences with the best choice.Write your right letter on the Answer Sheet：（10%） 1.Without trees our world （） a much drier place.A. isB. will beC. would beD. must be 2.He is determined to get （） of the profit than he has been offered.A.ten percent moreB.ten more percentC.more ten percentD.as much as ten percent 3.I （） Jenny Stone during the interval of the play，incidentally.A.ran intoB.ran downC.ran overD.ran on 4.She is said （） French at a college in Paris now.A.to learnB.to have learntC.to be learntD.to be learning 5.We （） better under more favourable conditions.A.could doB.should doC.must have doneD.could have done 6.I kept （） on the papers since you said how much you enjoyed the play.A.myB.my eyesC.an eyeD.eye 7.The speaker，（） for her splendid speeches，was warmly received by the audience.A.knownB.having knownC.knowingD.being known 8.It‘s time he （） what has happened.A.is toldB.be toldC.was toldD.tells 9.I‘d like to have （） with you sometime this week about your approaching examination.A.some wordB.a wordC.some wordsD.one word 10.A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult，（） he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.A.ifB.wheneverC.so thatD.whereas Ⅱ。
2003年01月6级考试
2003年1月试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:Y ou will hear:Y ou will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.1. A) It has nothing to do with the Internet.B) She needs another week to get it ready.C) It contains some valuable ideas.D) It‟s far from being ready yet.2. A) The woman is strict with her employees.B) The man always has excuses for being late.C) The woman is a kind-hearted boss.D) The man‟s alarm clock didn‟t work that morning.3. A) The woman should try her luck in the bank nearby.B) The bank around the corner is not open today.C) The woman should use dollars instead of pounds.D) The bank near the railway station closes late.4. A) Make an appointment with Dr. Chen.B) Wait for about three minutes.C) Call again some times later.D) Try dialing the number again.5. A) He is sure they will succeed in the next test.B) He did no better than the woman in the test.C) He believes she will pass the test this time.D) He felt upset because of her failure.6. A) The woman has to attend a summer course to graduate.B) The man thinks the woman can earn the credits.C) The woman is begging the man to let her pass the exam.D) The woman is going to graduate from summer school.7. A) Fred is planning a trip to Canada.B) Fred usually flies to Canada with Jane.C) Fred persuaded Jane to change her mind.D) Fred likes the beautiful scenery along the way to Canada.8. A) Hang some pictures for decoration.B) Find room for the paintings.C) Put more coats of paint on the wall.D) Paint the walls to match the furniture.9. A) He‟ll give a lecture on drawing.B) He doesn‟t mind if the woman goes to the lecture.C) He‟d rather not go to the lecture.D) He‟s going to atten d the lecture.10. A) Selecting the best candidate.B) Choosing a campaign manager.C) Trying to persuade the woman to vote for him.D) Running for chairman of the student union.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheetwith a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) To study the problems of local industries.B) To find ways to treat human wastes.C) To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.D) To conduct a study on fishing in the Biramichi River.12. A) Lack of oxygen. C) Low water level.B) Overgrowth of water plants. D) Serious pollution upstream.13. A) They‟ll be closed down.B) They‟re going to dismiss some of their employees.C) They‟ll be moved to other places.D) They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.14. A) There were fewer fish in the river.B) Over-fishing was prohibited.C) The local Chamber of Commerce tried to preserve fishes.D) The local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.Passage T woQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) Oral instructions recorded on a tape.B) A brief letter sealed in an envelope.C) A written document of several pages.D) A short note to their lawyer.16. A) Refrain from going out with men for five years.B) Stop wearing any kind of fashionable clothes.C) Bury the dentist with his favorite car.D) V isit his grave regularly for five years.17. A) He was angry with his selfish relatives.B) He was just being humorous.C) He was not a wealthy man.D) He wanted to leave his body for medical purposes.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) They thought it quite acceptable.B) They believed it to be a luxury.C) They took it to be a trend.D) They considered it avoidable.19. A) Critical. C) Sceptical.B) Serious. D) Casual.20. A) When people consider marriage an important part of their lives.B) When the costs of getting a divorce become unaffordable.C) When the current marriage law is modified.D) When husband and wife understand each other better.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth of the business world‟s favorite aca demic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, …Should I attempt to get an MBA,‟ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don‟t understand politics and people, and they aren‟t able to function as pa rt of a team until their third year. But by then, they‟re out looking for other jobs.”The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women‟s movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees often know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don‟t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business,” sa id James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.21. According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards business on campusesdominated by purer disciplines?A) Scornful C) Envious.B) Appreciative. D) Realistic.22. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees has been fueled mainly by______.A) the complaints from various employersB) the success of many non-MBAsC) the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD) the poor performance of MBAs at work23. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to The Harvard Business Review?A) They are usually serf-centered.B) They are aggressive and greedy.C) They keep complaining about their jobs.D) They are not good at dealing with people.24. From the passage we know that most MBAs _______.A) can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB) quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC) receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD) cherish unrealistic expectations about their future25. What is the passage mainly about?A) Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B) The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C) Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D) A debate held recently on university campuses.Passage T woQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town‟s 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的) taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska‟s educators and the state‟s largest teachers‟ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state‟s share of school funding.It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $1.5 million needed to keep schools open.But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next y ear‟s state a id, they refused to trim extracurricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller—perhaps more acceptable—tax increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including $600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will cost the district $275,000 more.Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closings, which attracted 14 local and national television stations and network s. The president of the National Education Association, the MEA‟s parent organization, flew from Washington, D. C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated.Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has already voted to put the system into receivership(破产管理) and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week.26. We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded ______.A) by both the local and state governmentsB) exclusively by the local governmentC) mainly by the state governmentD) by the National Education Association27. One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was _______.A) to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staffB) to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issuesC) to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the publicD) to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools28. The author seems to disapprove of _______.A) the Michigan lawmaker s‟ endless debatingB) the shutting of schools in KalkaskaC) the involvement of the mass mediaD) delaying the passage of the school funding legislation29. We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are more concerned about_______.A) a raise in the property-tax rate in MichiganB) reopening the schools there immediatelyC) the att itude of the MEA‟s parent organizationD) making a political issue of the closing of the schools30. According to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of______.A) the complexity of the problemB) the political motives on the part of the educatorsC) the weak response of the state officialsD) the strong protest on the part of the students‟ parentsPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.German Chancellor(首相) Otto V on Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy(遗产) includes many of today‟s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world‟s first workers‟ compensation law in 1884.By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers‟compensati on insurance. America‟s injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers‟ compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spread throughout the nation.After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commis sion to study the problems of workers‟ compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states‟ average weekly wages.In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states‟average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers‟ compensation system, it‟s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.31. The world‟s first workers‟ compensation law was introduced by Bismarck _______.A) to make industrial production saferB) to speed up the pace of industrializationC) out of religious and political considerationsD) for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement32. We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe _______.A) was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsB) resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC) required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplaceD) met growing resistance from laborers working at machines33. One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting compensation in the early19th century was that ______.A) they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of lawB) different sums in the U.S. had totally different compensation programsC) America‟s average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of livingD) they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsible for the accident34. After 1972 workers‟ compensation insurance in the U.S. became more favorable to workersso that _______.A) the poverty level for a family of four went up drasticallyB) there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsC) the number of workers suing for damages increasedD) more money was allocated to their compensation system35. The author ends the passage with the implication that ______.A) compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB) the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensation systemC) people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation systemD) money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S. economyPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy ... demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. ... We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”Americans have responded to Lebo w‟s call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world‟s two largest economies—Japan and the United Sates—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.Overconsumption by the world‟s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. Thetime-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads(游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?36. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II ________.A) gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumersB) gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismC) led to the reform of the retailing systemD) resulted in the worship of consumerism37. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is_______.A) the conversion of the sale of goods into ritualsB) the people‟s desire for a rise in their living standardsC) the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD) the concept that one‟s success is meas ured by how much they consume38. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.C) Because overconsumptio n won‟t last long due to unrestricted population growth.D) Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.39. According to the passage, consumerist culture ________.A) cannot thrive on a fragile economyB) will not aggravate environmental problemsC) cannot satisfy human spiritual needsD) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries40. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB) there is never a n end to satisfying people‟s material needsC) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueD) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes) Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.41. I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my _______ is perfect.A) outlook C) horizonB) vision D) perspective42 He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in _______ with theImperial Museum.A) collection C) collaborationB) connection D) combination43. In those days, executives expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unlessthey were dismissed for _______, to retire at the age of 65.A) integrity C) incompetenceB) denial D) deduction44. Others viewed the findings with _______, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship betweenpassive smoking and cancer remains to be shown.A) optimism C) cautionB) passion D) deliberation45. The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle _______ was caused by unusually low temperaturesimmediately before the launch.A) expedition C) dismayB) controversy D) disaster46. When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are _______ to fall.A) timely C) subjectB) simultaneous D) liable47. The music aroused an _______ feeling of homesickness in him.A) intentional C) intenseB) intermittent D) intrinsic48. I bought an alarm clock with a(n) _______ dial, which can be seen clearly in the dark.A) supersonic C) audibleB) luminous D) amplified49. The results are hardly _______; he cannot believe they are accurate.A) credible C) criticalB) contrary D) crucial50. This new laser printer is _______ with all leading software.A) comparable C) compatibleB) competitive D) cooperative51. The ball _______ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A) swayed C) hoppedB) bounced D) darted52. He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and _______ it in a single nod, a gestureboys used then for O.K. when they were pleased.A) shrugged C) jerkedB) tugged D) twisted53. Many types of rock are _______ from volcanoes as solid, fragmentary material.A) flung C) ejectedB) propelled D) injected54. With prices _______ so much, it is difficult for the school to plan a budget.A) vibrating C) flutteringB) fluctuating D) swinging55. The person who _______ this type of approach for doing research deserves our praise.A) originated C) generatedB) speculated D) manufactured56. _______ that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be longbefore traditional sources become inadequate.A) Concerning C) AssumingB) Ascertaining D) Regarding57. Her jewelry _______ under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.A) glared C) blazedB) glittered D) dazzled58. Connie was told that if she worked too hard, her health would _______.A) deteriorate C) descendB) degrade D) decay59. We find that some birds _______ twice a year between hot and cold countries.A) transfer C) migrateB) commute D) emigrate60. As visiting scholars, they willingly _______ to the customs of the country they live in.A) submit C) subjectB) conform D) commit61. More than 85 percent of French Canada‟s population speaks French as a mother tongue and_______ to the Roman Catholic faith.A) caters C) ascribesB) adheres D) subscribes62. The professor found himself constantly _______ the question: “How could anyone do thesethings?”A) presiding C) ponderingB) poring D) presuming63. Weeks _______ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.A) terminated C) overlappedB) elapsed D) expired64. In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which_______ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.A) relieve C) reclaimB) reconcile D) rectify65. How much of your country‟s electrical supply is _______ from water power?A) deduced C) derivedB) detached D) declined66. She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company‟s client data,which she intended to _______ in starting her own business.A) dwell on C) base onB) come upon D) draw upon67. The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are _______.A) intricate C) subtleB) fragile D) crisp68. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only _______ the crisis.A) accelerates C) ascendsB) prevails D) precedes69. He blew out the candle and _______ his way to the door.A) converged C) stroveB) groped D) wrenched70. Often such arguments have the effect of _______ rather than clarifying the issues involved.A) obscuring C) tacklingB) prejudicing D) blockingPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.When women do become managers, do they ring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly motivated and __71__ than male managers?Some research __72__ the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater __73__, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a __74__ to bring emotional factors to bear __75__ making workplace decisions. These differences are __76_ to carry advantages for companies, __77__ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to __78__ the company manage its workforce __79__.A study commissioned by the International Women‟s Forum __80__ a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that __81__ from the command-and-control style __82__ used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership” approach, “women __83__ participation, share power and information, __84__ other people‟s self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these __85__ reflect their belief that allowing __86__ to contribute and to feel __87__ and important is a win-win __88__—good for the employees and the organization.” The study‟s director __89__ that “interactive leadership may emerge __90__ the management style of choice for many organizations.”71. A) confronted B) commanded C) confined D) committed72. A) supports B) argues C) opposes D) despises73. A) combination B) cooperativeness C) coherence D) correlation74. A) willingness B) loyalty C) sensitivity D) virtue75. A) by B) in C) at D) with76. A) disclosed B) watched C) revised D) seen。
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2003年1月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：10056I. After each sentence, four options are given. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and write the letter of your choice in the brackets on the Answer Sheet.（40%）1. ______ work has been done to improve the people's living standard.A. ManyB. A great manyC. A large number ofD. A great deal of2. My best friend and advisor ______ changed ______ mind again.A. have; theirB. has; hisC. are; theirD. was; his3. The number of the people applying for the job ______ increasing.A. areB. isC. is beingD. are being4. I'm not sure whether we'll go on ______ foot or by ______bike.A. the; theB. / ; theC. / ; /D. the; /5. The event took place during ______.A. First World WarB. the First World WarC. World War the OneD. the World War One6. Every teacher and student here is proud of ______ school.A. hisB. herC. theirD. everyone's7. I don't want ______ of the magazines. Please show me ______.A. any; the otherB. both; anotherC. either; anotherD. neither; the other8. He bought two______ eggs.A. dozenB. dozensC. dozen ofD. dozens of9. The homework for today is to write ______ about your hometown.A. a five-hundred-word compositionB. a five-hundred-words compositionC. a five-hundreds-word compositionD. a five-hundreds-words composition10. “Who is the older, you or Peter?”“I am. I am ______ than my friend.”A. older 2 yearsB. 2 years olderC. years elderD. 2 year's older11. From here we can see the bridge ______ construction.A. onB. underC. atD. with12. ______ fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.A. Except forB. But forC. BesidesD. Beside13. Please ______ these paper on her desk. They will ______ there for her to check tomorrow.A. lie; lieB. lay; lieC. lie; layD. lay; lay14. They ______ shopping, when someone knocked at the door.A. are about to goB. are to goC. were about to goD. were to go15. Is there anything you want from the town? I am going to get ______.A. those letters mailedB. mailed lettersC. to mail those lettersD. those letters mail16. I would have bought that radio set but I ______ enough money with me.A. had not hadB. did not haveC. have not hadD. had to17. The professors gave orders that the test ______ before 10:30.A. will finishB. will be finishedC. be finishedD. shall finish18. Einstein treated the little girl as if she ______ his own child.A. wereB. had beenC. would beD. should be19. When a friend gave Jim a ticket to the games, he ______go.A. couldn't helpB. can butC. couldn't help butD. just have to20. Two days later I received a letter ______ me a job. At that time I was too ______ to say a word.A. offering; excitedB. offering; excitingC. offer; excitedD. offered; excited21. I feel like ______ to the owner of the house to complain.A. to writeB. writingC. writeD. having written22. Peter regretted ______ the earlier flight.A. not having takenB. to have not takenC. not to takeD. he would not take23. “May I stop work a little earlier tonight?”“No, you ______.”A. needn'tB. can'tC. won'tD. shouldn't24. “I had to walk home yesterday. I had no money for my fare.”“You ______ me! I could have lent you the money!”A. ought to tellB. must have toldC. must tellD. should have told25. ______ the box, and you will find a beautiful present in it.A. When openB. If you openC. OpenD. Opening26. My brother likes country music, ______ I like pop music.A. whenB. exceptC. whileD. because27. There can be no doubt ______ he is fit for the job.A. thatB. whetherC. ifD. which28. ______ can be seen from his face, he is quite satisfied.A. ThatB. ItC. WhichD. As29. ______ air is to man, so is water to fish.A. LikeB. AsC. SinceD. Just like30. It was in that small room______ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.A. whereB. in whichC. whichD. that31. Not until he arrived home ______ he find that his gold watch had been stolen.A. didB. wouldC. whenD. that32. We stopped to help the old lady ______.A. although in a hurryB. although she was in a hurryC. although been in a hurryD. although being in a hurry33. John said he did not care ______ popular music.A. ofB. atC. inD. for34. I don't think he is the right person for the job, ______?A. do IB. don't IC. isn't heD. is he35. The weather ______ very cold as soon as the night fell.A. was going to beB. wasC. was gettingD. was to be36. People with full-time student status are all eligible ______ the financial aid.A. toB. withC. forD. in37. This is the best biography ______ I have read of Churchill.A. whomB. whatC. thatD. which38. The captain, together with the crew, ______ determined not to abandon the ship until all the passengers were aboard the lifeboats.A. wasB. wereC. hasD. have39. The news weatherman said that he had never seen ______ in all his years as a meteorologist.A. such a bad weatherB. such bad a weatherC. such bad weathersD. such bad weather40. Human facial expressions differ from ______.A. animalsB. that of animalsC. those animalsD. those of animalsII. Each of the following sentences has four words or phrases underlined. They are marked A, B, C and D. You are to identify the one underlined word or phrase that is inappropriate and write the letter of your choice in the brackets on the Answer Sheet.（10%）41. A scientist bases its work on hypotheses that have been checked through carefulA B C D experimentation.42. Even though he had been trained by experts, the technician did not perform good enough on theA B C Djob.43. Of all the works of art shown in this exhibition hall the thing I like more is the needle -workA B C produced by the workers of Shanghai.D44. Live broadcast were once the only way to hear music on the radio.A B C D45. The evolution of metaphor during the Romantic period was largely similar toA B Csatire during that period.D46. The sun warms the earth, this makes it possible for plants to grow.A B C D47. Glanced up at my tired face, she asked, in a caressing voice, how I was feeling.A B C D48. Modern advertising is used as frequently to promote ideas and positions as it is to sale products.A B C D49. Mary usually arrives at the office at nine o'clock, but because the storm, she was two hours lateA B C D this morning.50. Dick and Ann have been to Paris many times but none of them can speak French.A B C DIII. Read the following sentences and decide what forms of the given verbs should be used. Then write your answers on the Answer Sheet. （10%）51. When we ______ (take) our exam, we'll have a holiday.52. I ______( come) to see you tomorrow, but now I find I can't.53. I hope they ______ ( repair) this road by the time we come back next summer and then we can take it.54. Neither Hugh nor Don ______( have) a dollar right now.55. These hamburgers are great! They ______ ( must make ) by Henry himself.56. Don't make a sound or you will wake the baby; and then he ______ ( not get) to sleep again.57. Until yesterday, I ______( never hear ) about it.58. I ______ (want) to send you a message by E mail but my computer broke down.59. We'd rather you ______ ( keep) silent about the matter.60. Look at these black clouds—there ______( be) a storm.IV. Read the following incomplete sentences and decide what non finite forms of the given verbs should be used. Then write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(10%)61. When the painter felt the ladder ______ ( begin) to slip, he grabbed the gutter to save himself from falling.62. Excuse me asking, but what effect does your ______( husband, be) a teacher have on your children?63. They have been unable to find the ______ ( sink) ship under the sea.64. What a fool I was ______ ( expect) him to help me!65. Did you have any trouble ______ ( control) those children?66. I hope ______ ( invite) to the party.67. I saw a wallet on the road and stopped ______ ( pick) it up.68. Her friend never imagined her ______( take ) care of a large family after she got married.69. I don't think it wise ______ ( encourage) young people to defy authorities.70. If you think you can still fool me into ______ ( believe) your promise, you are wrong.V. Each of the following problems consists of a complete sentence and an unfinished one. You are to complete, on the Answer Sheet, the unfinished sentence in such a way that it keeps almost the same meaning of the complete sentence.(10%)71. It is more than likely that she will succeed as an actress.She has a very good chance ________________________.72. It is a shame that they haven't notified you of it.It is a shame for ________________________.73. I enjoy playing football much more than watching it.I much prefer ________________________.74. It's not even barely possible that he had the guts to defy the club rule.He can't ________________________.75. She had rarely been in such an awkward situation.Rarely ________________________.VI. In the following sentences, some parts are underlined. Y ou are to rewrite, on the Answer Sheet, the underlined parts without changing the original meanings, using the structures suggested in the brackets and making other necessary changes.(10%)76. I remember the thief taking my handbag. (Passive voice)77. I don't know his birthday or birthplace. ( Object clause)78. John is the best qualified man for the job I can imagine. (Adverbial clause of comparison: more ...than...)79. He swore that he would take revenge on his father's murderer.( Infinitive phrase)80. She did not know what to do, so she turned to her parents for advice. ( Participle)VII. Each of the following problems consists of some sentences. Y ou are to combine, on the Answer Sheet, the sentences into a complex one containing the kind of subordinate clause indicated in the brackets.(10%)81. People ought to learn to understand each other. This is very important. (Subject clause)82. In the valley stands a cottage. There grows a tall tree in front of the cottage. ( Attributive clause)83. Yesterday they were singing and dancing loudly upstairs late into the night. I couldn't fall asleep. ( Adverbial clause of result)84. He sent a telegram. He wanted his mother to learn the good news in time. ( Adverbial clause of purpose)85. They decided to work all night. All of them took turns. ( Absolute construction)。