(推荐)洛阳市2019-2020学年高三一练试卷及答案
洛阳市2019——2020 学年高三一练试卷及答案
洛阳市2019——2020 学年高中三年级第一次统一考试历史试卷本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,全卷共8页,共100分,考试时间为90分钟。
第I卷(选择题,共48分)注意事项:1.答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案,不能答在试题卷上。
3.考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
一、选择题(每题1.5分,共48分)1.有学者认为,西周政治里显然有着浓厚的贵族色彩,而“共主”名义的地方分权体制……与秦以后一统的君主“独制”格局泾渭分明。
据此可知,西周时期A.贵族宗法血缘关系有所松动B.君主对地方的掌控能力有限C.奠定中国大一统的政治基础D.中央集权与地方分权相结合2.春秋战国时期,思想家们突破了西周“天命”、“天道”的观念,无论是孔子的“克己复礼”还是韩非子的“法治”,都把视线从天上转到了人世。
这反映了当时A.社会剧变促使人们抛弃迷信思想B.君权神授的思想受到极大冲击C.时局变动促进了社会文化多元性D.政治意识适应社会变革的现实3.据统计,目前已发现出土于东汉时期的铁犁和牛耕图有50多处,分布在豫、陕、冀、晋、鲁、皖、苏、辽、内蒙、甘、新、川、贵、粤、闽等15个省区。
由此可知,东汉时期A.农业生产力水平提高B.北民南迁推广了农业技术C.牛耕技术已遍及全国D.边疆地区与内地联系密切4.唐代确立了严格的官吏致仕(退休)制度,官吏致仕的法定年龄为七十岁,或“年虽少,形容衰老者,亦听致仕”。
五品以上的官致仕,直接奏皇帝批准,六品以下则由尚书省奏皇帝批准。
这一制度A.有利于官员结构的调整B.打击了士族的垄断地位C.加重了政府的财政负担D.强化了君主集权的制度5.宋朝时期,音乐的教化功能逐渐减弱,庄严、正经的宫廷音乐逐渐让位于市井音乐(类似于流行音乐),通俗化、面向生活的风俗画也成为当时画坛的最大亮点。
河南省洛阳市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次统一考试(1月)数学(理)试题(解析版)
洛阳市2019--2020学年高中三年级第一次统一考试数学试卷(理)第Ⅰ卷(共60分)一、选择题:本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合(){}20|M x x x =-<,{}2,1,0,1,2N =--,则MN =( )A. {}0,1B. {}2,1--C. {}1D. {}0,1,2【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】解一元二次不等式求得集合M ,由此求得两个集合的交集. 【详解】由()20x x -<,解得{}|02M x x =<<,所以M N ={}1.故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查一元二次不等式的解法,考查集合交集的概念和运算,属于基础题.2.已知复数z 在复平面中对应的点(),x y 满足()2211x y -+=,则1z -=( )A. 0B. 1C.D. 2【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】根据复数对应点的坐标以及复数模的几何意义,判断出正确选项. 【详解】由于复数z 在复平面中对应点(),x y 满足()2211x y -+=,即复数z 对应点在圆心为()1,0,半径为1的圆上,1z -表示复数对应的点到()1,0的距离,也即圆上的点到圆心的距离,所以11z -=. 故选:B【点睛】本小题主要考查复数对应点的坐标以及复数模的几何意义,考查圆的方程,属于基础题.3.为了节能减排,发展低碳经济,我国政府从2001年起就通过相关政策推动新能源汽车产业发展.下面的图表反映了该产业发展的相关信息:根据上述图表信息,下列结论错误的是()A. 2017年3月份我国新能源汽车的产量不超过3.4万辆B. 2017年我国新能源汽车总销量超过70万辆C. 2018年8月份我国新能源汽车的销量高于产量D. 2019年1月份我国插电式混合动力汽车的销量低于2万辆【答案】D【解析】【分析】根据图表对选项逐一分析,由此确定结论错误的选项.【详解】对于A选项,2017年3月份我国新能源汽车的产量6.8 6.83.32 3.41 1.05 2.05=≈<+,故A选项结论正确.对于B选项,2017年我国新能源汽车总销量125.6125.677.677010.617 1.617=≈>+,故B选项结论正确.对于C选项,2018年8月份我国新能源汽车的销量10.1万量,高于产量9.9万量,故C选项结论正确.对于D 选项,2019年1月份我国插电式混合动力汽车的销量9.60.25 2.42⨯=>,故D 选项结论错误. 故选:D【点睛】本小题主要考查图表数据分析,考查阅读与理解能力,属于基础题.4.已知正项等比数列{}n a 中,354a a =,且467,1,a a a +成等差数列,则该数列公比q 为( ) A.14B.12C. 2D. 4【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】结合等差中项的性质,将已知条件转化为1,a q 的形式,由此求得q 的值.【详解】由于467,1,a a a +成等差数列,所以()64721a a a +=+,所以()64735214a a a a a ⎧+=+⎨=⎩,即()5361112411214a q a q a q a q a q ⎧+=+⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩,解得11,24a q ==. 故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查等比数列基本量的计算,考查等差中项的性质,属于基础题.5.我国数学家陈最润在哥德巴赫猜想的研究中取得了世界瞩目的成就.哥德巴赫猜想简述为“每个大于2的偶数可以表示为两个素数的和”(注:如果一个大于1的整数除了1和自身外无其他正因数,则称这个整数为素数),如40337=+.在不超过40的素数,随机选取2个不同的数,这两个数的和等于40的概率是( ) A.126B.122C.117D.115【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】先求得40以内的素数的个数,然后根据古典概型概率计算公式,计算出所求的概率.【详解】40以内的素数为2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37共12个,任选两个的方法数有21212116621C ⨯==⨯种,和为40的有33740,112940,172340+=+=+=共3种,所以不超过40的素数,随机选取2个不同的数,这两个数的和等于40的概率是316622=. 故选:B【点睛】选本小题主要考查古典概型的计算,考查组合数的计算,考查素数的知识,属于基础题. 6.圆222410x y x y +-++=关于直线()300,0ax by a b --=>>对称,则12a b+的最小值是( ) A. 1 B. 3 C. 5D. 9【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】求得圆心,代入直线30ax by --=,利用基本不等式求得12a b+的最小值. 【详解】圆222410x y x y +-++=的圆心为()1,2-,由于圆关于直线30ax by --=对称,圆心坐标满足直线方程,所以23a b +=,所以12a b +()1122123253b a a b b b a a +⎛⎫⎛⎫=⋅⋅+=++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()11554333⎛≥+=+= ⎝,当且仅当22,1b aa b a b===时等号成立. 故选:B【点睛】本小题主要考查圆的几何性质,考查基本不等式求最小值.7.函数()()23xx e e cos x f x x-⋅-=(e 为自然对数的底数)的大致图象为( )A. B.C. D.【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】根据函数的奇偶性和特殊值,排除错误选项,由此得出正确选项.【详解】由于()()f x f x -=-,所以()f x 为奇函数,图像关于原点对称,由此排除B,D 两个选项. 当0,6x π⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时()0f x >,由此排除A 选项. 故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查函数图像的识别,考查函数的奇偶性,属于基础题. 8.正三棱锥的三视图如下图所示,则该正三棱锥的表面积为( )A. B. 9 C. D.92【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】通过三视图还原出立体图,通过条件可求得底面正三角形边长为则可求侧面积为.【详解】如图所示,底面正三角的高AD=3,所以223AH AD==,AB=AC=BC=ABCS =又SH为侧视图中的高,所以SH=3,则AS=,则在等腰SAB中12SABS=⨯=所以侧面积为A.【点睛】本题考查已知三视图求几何体的表面积,准确的还原出立体图是解题的关键,属中档题.9.已知点12,F F分别是双曲线()2222:10,0x yC a ba b-=>>的左,右焦点,O为坐标原点,点P在双曲线C的右支上,且满足12212,4F F OP tan PF F=∠=,则双曲线C的离心率为()B. 5D.179【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据122F F OP=判断出三角形12F F P是直角三角形,利用214tan PF F∠=、双曲线的定义和勾股定理列方程组,化简后求得离心率.【详解】由于1222F F OP c==,所以三角形12F F P是直角三角形.所以12121222221212424PFtan PF FPFPF PF aPF PF F F c⎧∠==⎪⎪⎪-=⎨⎪+==⎪⎪⎩,化简得22179ca=,即cea==故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查双曲线离心率的求法,考查双曲线的定义,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于中档题.10.设()f x 是定义在R 上函数,满足条件()()11f x f x +=-+,且当1x ≤时,()3xf x e-=-,则()27a f log =,()2 1.533,3b f c f --⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭==的大小关系是( )A. a b c >>B. a c b >>C. b a c >>D. c b a >>【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】利用已知条件将()27a f log =转换为247a f log ⎛=⎫⎪⎝⎭,根据1x ≤时()f x 的单调性,比较出,,a b c 的大小关系.【详解】依题意()()11f x f x +=-+,所以()22277log 1log 1227a f log f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=-+ ⎪ ⎝⎭⎝=⎪⎭24l o g 7f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭.因为21.5324log 03317--<<<<,且当(],1x ∈-∞时,()3x f x e -=-为减函数,所以a cb >>.故选:B【点睛】本小题主要考查利用函数的单调性比较大小,考查对数运算,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于基础题.11.正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱长为1,点E 为棱1CC 的中点.下列结论:①线段BD 上存在点F ,使得//CF 平面1AD E ;②线段BD 上存在点F ,使CF ⊥得平面1AD E ;③平面1AD E 把正方体分成两部分,较小部分的体积为724,其中所有正确的序号是( ) A. ① B. ③C. ①③D. ①②③【答案】C 【解析】的【分析】利用线面平行的判定定理,作出F 点的位置,判断①正确.利用面面垂直的判定定理,判断②错误.计算较小部分的体积,判断③正确.【详解】设1A D 交1AD 于P ,过P 作PQ AD ⊥,交AD 于Q ,连接CQ 交BD 于F ,由于//,PQ CE PQ CE =,所以四边形PQCE 为平行四边形,所以//CQ EP ,所以//CQ 平面1AED .故线段BD 上存在点F ,使得//CF 平面1AD E ,即①正确.若CF ⊥平面1AD E ,CF ⊂平面ABCD ,则平面1AD E ⊥平面ABCD ,这不成立,所以②错误. 延展平面1AD E 为1AMED 如图所示,其中M 是BC 的中点.根据正方体的几何性质可知,1,,D E AM DC 相交于一点, 1CEMDD A ∆∆,所以多面体1CEM DD A -是棱台.且体积为(113CEM DD A S S CD ∆∆⋅+⋅1117138224⎛=⋅++⋅= ⎝.故③正确. 综上所述,正确的序号为①③. 故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查空间线面平行、线面垂直有关定理,考查台体体积计算,考查空间想象能力和逻辑推理能力,属于中档题.12.已知正项数列{}n a 的前n 项和为1,1n S a >,且2632n n n S a a =++.若对于任意实数[]2,2a ∈-.不等式2*1()211n a t at n N n +<+-∈+恒成立,则实数t 的取值范围为( ) A. ][(),22,⋃∞-+∞- B. ,21,(][)∞⋃+∞--C. ,12[),(]-∞⋃+∞-D. []22-,【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 求得11n a n ++的范围,转化主参变量列不等式组,解不等式组求得t 的取值范围. 【详解】由2632n n n S a a =++①.当1n =时,2111632a a a =++,解得12a =.当2n ≥时,2111632n n n S a a ---=++②,①-②得2211633n n n n n a a a a a --=-+-,()()1130n n n n a a a a --+--=,所以13n n a a --=,所以数列{}n a 是首项为12a =,公差为3d =的等差数列,所以31n a n =-,所以()1311133111n n a n n n ++-==-<+++,所以2213t at +-≥恒成立,即2240t at +-≥,转换为2240ta t +-≥,在[]2,2a ∈-恒成立,所以2222402240t t t t ⎧-+-≥⎨+-≥⎩,解得][,2()2,t ∈⋃∞-+∞-. 故选:A【点睛】本小题主要考查已知n S 求n a ,考查不等式恒成立问题的求解策略,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于中档题.第Ⅱ卷(共90分)二、填空题(每题5分,满分20分,将答案填在答题纸上)13.平面向量a 与b 的夹角为60,且()3,0a =,1b =,则2a b += __________.【解析】 【分析】利用()222a b a b +=+来求得2a b +.【详解】依题意()222a b a b+=+224494a ab b =+⋅+=+=【点睛】本小题主要考查平面向量模的运算,考查平面向量数量积的运算,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于基础题.14.若实数,x y 满足约束条件,4, 3,y x x y y ≤⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥-⎩,则2z x y =+的最小值是__________.【答案】9- 【解析】 【分析】画出可行域,平移基准直线20x y +=到可行域边界位置,由此求得z 的最小值.【详解】画出可行域如下图所示,平移基准直线20x y +=到可行域边界点()3,3A --位置,此时z 取得最小值为()2339⨯--=-. 故答案为:9-【点睛】本小题主要考查线性规划求最小值,考查数形结合的数学思想方法,属于基础题.15.已知椭圆()2222:10,x y C a b A a b+=>>为右顶点.过坐标原点O 的直线交椭圆C 于,P Q 两点,线段AP 的中点为M ,直线QM 交x 轴于()2,0N ,椭圆C 的离心率为23,则椭圆C 的标准方程为__________. 【答案】2213620x y += 【解析】【分析】设出,P Q 两点的坐标,求得M 点坐标,由,,Q M N 三点共线列方程,结合椭圆的离心率求得,a b 的值,进而求得椭圆的标准方程.【详解】设()()0000,,,P x y Q x y --,(),0A a ,所以00,22a x y M +⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,由于,,Q M N 三点共线,所以00002222y y a x x =++-,解得6a =.由于椭圆离心率23c a =,所以4c =,所以22220,b a c b =-==.所以椭圆方程为2213620x y +=. 故答案为:2213620x y += 【点睛】本小题主要考查根据椭圆的离心率求椭圆标准方程,考查运算求解能力,属于基础题. 16.已知函数()()12,f lnx ax a x g x x=+=-,且()()0f x g x ≤在定义域内恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围为__________. 【答案】{2|a a e =或12a e ⎫≤-⎬⎭【解析】分析】 先求得()()f x g x 的定义域,然后对()f x 和()g x 的符合进行分类讨论,由此求得实数a 的取值范围.【详解】依题意()()()1ln 2f x g x x ax a x ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭,定义域为()0,∞+. 由于()()0f x g x ≤在定义域内恒成立,则 ①,1ln 20,0x ax a x +≤-≥恒成立,即ln 12,x a a x x ≤-≤在()0,∞+恒成立.令()ln x h x x=-,()'ln 1x h x x -=,故()h x 在()0,e 上递减,在(),e +∞上递增,故()()1h x h e e≥=-.所以,由ln 12,x a a x x ≤-≤可得12,0a a e ≤-≤,即12a e≤-. ②,1ln 20,0x ax a x +≥-≤恒成立,即ln 12,x a a x x≥-≥在()0,∞+恒成立,不存在这样的a . ③,当0a >时,由于()f x 在()0,∞+上递增,()g x 在()0,∞+上递减,要使()()0f x g x ≤在定义域内恒成立,则需()f x 和()g x 有相同的零点.由ln 2010x ax a x+=⎧⎪⎨-=⎪⎩,解得22,a e x e -==. 综上所述,实数a 的取值范围是{2|a a e =或12a e ⎫≤-⎬⎭. 【故答案为:{2|a a e =或12a e ⎫≤-⎬⎭【点睛】本小题主要考查不等式恒成立问题的求解策略,考查利用导数研究函数的单调性和最值,考查分类讨论的数学思想方法,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于难题.三、解答题 (本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.) 17.在ABC 中,角,,A B C 对应边分别为,,a b c .(1)若ABC 的面积S 满足222,4c a b c a +=+==且b c >,求b 的值;(2)若3a A π==且ABC 为锐角三角形.求ABC 周长的范围.【答案】(1)b =(2)3(+【解析】【分析】(1)结合三角形面积公式和余弦定理,求得tan C 的值,由此求得C 的大小,利用余弦定理列方程求得b 的值.(2)利用正弦定理表示出,b c ,用三角形内角和定理和三角恒等变换求得b c +的取值范围,由此求得a b c ++即三角形ABC 周长的取值范围.【详解】(1)由条件和三角形的面积公式得2222c c a b +=+=+,即222a b c =+-.将余弦定理2222a b c abcosC +-=.cosC =,即tanC =,因为(0,)C π∈,所以6C π=将4,6c a C π===,代入2222c a b abcosC =+-,得290b -+=结合条件b c >得b =(2)由正弦定理得2sin sin sin a b c A B C=== 所以()2b c sinB sinC +=+()22233sinB sin B sinB sin B πππ⎡⎡⎤⎛⎫=--+- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎦+322(6)2sinB cosB B π⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎭==+⎝+ 因为A B C π++=,且3A π=及锐角三角形得0,2B π⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭且20,32B ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫-∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭, 所以62B ππ<<,所以2363B πππ<+<,即sin 126B π⎛⎫<+≤ ⎪⎝⎭,所以(3,b c +∈所以周长a b c ++范围是3(+.【点睛】本小题主要考查正弦定理、余弦定理解三角形,考查三角形的面积公式,考查三角恒等变换,考查运算求解能力,属于中档题.18.如图,已知四边形ABCD 为等腰梯形,BDEF 为正方形,平面BDEF ⊥平面ABCD ,//,1AD BC AD AB ==,60ABC ∠=︒.(1)求证:平面CDE ⊥平面BDEF ;(2)点M 为线段EF 上一动点,求BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的取值范围.【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)12⎤⎥⎣⎦ 【解析】【分析】(1)利用等腰梯形的性质证得BD CD ⊥,由面面垂直的性质定理证得CD ⊥平面BDEF ,由此证得平面CDE ⊥平面BDEF .(2)建立空间直角坐标系,设出EM 的长,利用直线BD 的方向向量和平面BCM 的法向量,求得BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的表达式,进而求得BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的取值范围.【详解】在等腰梯形ABCD 中,// ,1AD BC AD AB ==, 60ABC ∠=︒,120,30BAD CDA ADB ∴∠=∠=︒∠=︒,90CDB ∠=︒. 即.BD CD⊥BD =2BC =. 又平面BDEF ⊥平面ABCD ,平面BDEF ⋂平面,ABCD BD CD =⊂平面ABCD ,∴CD ⊥平面BDEFCD ⊂平面CDE ,∴平面CDE ⊥平面BDEF(2)解:由(1)知,分别以直线,,DB DC DE 为x 轴,y 轴,z 轴建立空间直角坐标系,设0(EM m m =≤≤,则()(),0,1,0,000),,B C D,((),3,1,0M m BC =-,()3,0,3,3,0,()0BM m DB =-=设平面BMC 的法向量为(),,n x y x = 00n BC n BM ⎧⋅=∴⎨⋅=⎩,即(10y m x ⎧+=⎪⎨-+=⎪⎩令3x =,则3,y z m ==,平面BMC 的一个法向量为3,3,()n m =.设BD 与平面BCM 所成角为θ,,sin cos n BD θ∴=<>(,n BDn BD m ==∴当0m =m 时取最大值12故BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的取值范围为12⎤⎥⎣⎦. 【点睛】本小题主要考查面面垂直的判定定理和性质定理,考查向量法计算线面角正弦值的取值范围,考查空间想象能力和逻辑推理能力,属于中档题.19.过点()0,2P 的直线与抛物线2:4C x y =相交于,A B 两点. (1)若2AP PB =,且点A 在第一象限,求直线AB 的方程;(2)若,A B 在直线2y =-上的射影分别为11,A B ,线段11A B 的中点为Q , 求证1//BQ PA .【答案】(1)240x y -+=.(2)证明见解析【解析】【分析】(1)设出直线AB 的方程,联立直线AB 的方程和抛物线方程,化简后写出韦达定理,利用2AP PB =,结合平面向量相等的坐标运算、韦达定理,求得直线AB 的斜率,进而求得直线AB 的方程.(2)由(1)求得11,,A B Q 的坐标,通过计算10BQ PA k k -=,证得1//BQ PA .【详解】(1)设AB 方程为()20y kx k =+>,()()11221,,,,0A x y B x y x > ,联立方程24 2.x y y kx ⎧=⎨=+⎩,,消去y 得:2480x kx --=,216320k =+>,121248x x k x x +=⎧⎨⋅=-⎩① 又()1122(),2,,2AP x y PB x y =--=- 由2AP PB =得:122x x =-代人①解得12k = ∴直线AB 的方程为:122y x =+,即240x y -+=.(2)由(1)得,()111122,2,,2(()2),,2x A x B x Q x +--- 114PA k x =-, ()22221221228422BQ x x k x x x x x ++==+-- ()()()122121212211121888422BQ PA x x x x x x k k x x x x x x ++-+-=+=-- ()()()221212************x x x x x x x x x x x x ++===-- 1BQ PA k k ∴=1//PA BQ ∴【点睛】本小题主要考查直线和抛物线的位置关系,考查向量的坐标运算,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,考查运算求解能力,属于中档题.20.设函数()()3211232x f x e x kx kx =--+. (1)若1k =,求()f x 的单调区间;(2)若()f x 存在三个极值点123,,x x x ,且123x x x <<,求k 的取值范围,并证明:1 3 22x x x >+.【答案】(1)单调减区间为(,1)-∞,单调增区间为(1,)+∞.(2)k e >,证明见解析【解析】【分析】(1)当1k =时,利用导数求得()f x 的单调区间.(2)先求得()f x 的导函数()()()'1x e x f x kx --=,则()x g x e kx =-有两个不同的零点,且都不是1.对k 分成0,0k k ≤>两种情况分类讨论,利用导数研究()g x 的单调性和零点,由此求得k 的取值范围. 由上述分析可得12301x x x <<=<,利用导数证得312313131ln ln 221x x x x x x x x x -=>=-++,从而证得1 3 22x x x >+.【详解】(1)()32()11232x f x e x x x =--+()()() 1x f x e x x '∴=--.令()(),'1x x h x e x h x e =-=-,()'0h x >得0x >,()'0h x <得0x <,()h x 在(,0)-∞上递减,在(0,)+∞上递增.()()010h x h ∴≥=>即0x e x ->,∴解()'0f x >得1x >,解()'0f x <得1x <,()f x ∴的单调减区间为(,1)-∞,单调增区间为(1,)+∞.(2)()()()()2'21x x x f x e x e kx kx e kx x =-+-+=--,()f x 有三个极值点,∴方程0-=x e kx 有两个不等根,且都不是1,令()x g x e kx =-,0k ≤时,()g x 单调递增,()0g x =至多有一根,0k ∴>解()'0g x >得x lnk >,解()'0g x <得x lnk <.()g x ∴在(n ),l k -∞上递减,在(ln ,)k +∞上递增,()()ln 10,k g lnk e klnk k lnk k e =-=-<>∴此时,()010g =>,()1,10lnk g e k >=-<,x →+∞时()g x →+∞.k e ∴>时,()'0f x =有三个根123,,x x x ,且12301x x x <<=<,由11x e kx =得11x lnk lnx =+,由33xe kx =得33x lnk lnx =+,3131ln ln 1x x x x -∴=-下面证明:313131ln ln 2x x x x x x ->-+,可变形为331311121x x x ln x x x ->+ 令311x t x =>,()()21ln 1t x t t ϕ-=-+ ()()()()222114011t x t t t t ϕ-'=-=>++,()x ϕ∴在(1)+∞,上递增, ()()10t ϕϕ∴>= ∴313131ln ln 21x x x x x x -=>-+,3122.x x x ∴+> 【点睛】本小题主要考查利用导数研究函数的单调性,考查利用导数求解函数极值有关问题,考查利用导数证明不等式,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,考查运算求解能力,属于难题.21.“公平正义”是社会主义和谐社会的重要特征,是社会主义法治理念的价值追求.“考试”作为一种公平公正选拔人才的有效途径,正被广泛采用.每次考试过后,考生最关心的问题是:自己的考试名次是多少?自已能否被录取?能获得什么样的职位? 某单位准备通过考试(按照高分优先录取的原则)录用300名,其中275个高薪职位和25个普薪职位.实际报名人数为2000名,考试满分为400分.(一般地,对于一次成功的考试来说,考试成绩应服从正态分布. )考试后考试成绩的部分统计结果如下:考试平均成绩是180分,360分及其以上的高分考生30名.(1)最低录取分数是多少?(结果保留为整数)(2)考生甲的成绩为286分,若甲被录取,能否获得高薪职位?若不能被录取,请说明理由.参考资料:(1)当2~(,)X N μσ时,令X Y μσ-=,则()~0,1Y N .(2)当()~0,1Y N 时, 2.17()0.985P Y ≤≈, 1.280.900, 1.()09()0.863P Y P Y ≤≈≤≈,1.04()0.85P Y ≤≈.【答案】(1)266分或267分.(2)能获得高薪职位.见解析【解析】【分析】(1)利用考试的平均成绩、高分考生的人数,以及题目所给正态分布的参考资料,求得考生成绩X 的分布()~180,832X N ,利用录取率3002000列方程,由此求得最低录取分数线. (2)计算出不低于考生甲的成绩的人数约为200,由此判断出甲能获得高薪职位.【详解】(1)设考生成绩为X ,则依题意X 应服从正态分布,即()2~180,X N σ. 令180X Y σ-=,则()~0,1Y N .由360分及其以上的高分考生30名可得()303602000P X ≥=即()3036010.9852000P X <=-≈,亦即3601800.985P Y σ-⎛⎫<≈ ⎪⎝⎭. 则3601802.17σ-=,解得()83180,832N σ≈∴,, 设最低录取分数线为o x ,则0180300832(0)00o x P X x P Y -⎛⎫≥=≥= ⎪⎝⎭ 则018030010.85832000x P Y -⎛⎫<=-≈ ⎪⎝⎭,0180 1.0483x -∴= 266.32o x ∴≈.即最低录取分数线为266分或267分.(2)考生甲的成绩286267>,所以能被录取.()()286180()286 1.280.9083P X P Y P Y -<=<=<≈, 表明不低于考生甲的成绩的人数约为总人数的10.900.10,20000.1200-=⨯≈,即考生甲大约排在第200名,排在275名之前,所以他能获得高薪职位.【点睛】本小题主要考查正态分布在实际生活中的应用,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,考查阅读理解能力,属于中档题.请考生在第22、23题中任选一题做答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题记分.做答时,用2B 铅笔在答题卡.上把所选题目对应的题号后的方框涂黑.22.在极坐标系中,已知圆的圆心6,3C π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,半径3r =,Q 点在圆C 上运动.以极点为直角坐标系原点,极轴为x 轴正半轴建立直角坐标系.(1)求圆C 参数方程;(2)若P 点在线段OQ 上,且:2:3OP PQ =,求动点P 轨迹的极坐标方程.【答案】(1)33cos 3sin x y θθ=+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数);(2)225120sin 10806πρρθ⎛⎫-++= ⎪⎝⎭【解析】分析】(1)已知得,圆心6,3C π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的直角坐标为(C ,3r =,则可求得圆的标准方程;(2)结合(1)得,圆C 的极坐标方程为212sin 276πρρθ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭,再设(),P ρθ,()1,Q ρθ,则1:2:5ρρ=,将152ρρ=代入C 的极坐标方程即可得解.【详解】(1)由已知得,圆心6,3C π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的直角坐标为(C ,3r =,所以C 的直角坐标方程为()(2239x y -+-=,所以圆C 的参数方程为33cos 3sin x y θθ=+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数).(2)由(1)得,圆C的极坐标方程为()26cos 270ρρθθ-+=, 即212sin 276πρρθ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭.设(),P ρθ,()1,Q ρθ,根据:2:3OP PQ =,可得1:2:5ρρ=, 将152ρρ=代入C 的极坐标方程,得225120sin 10806πρρθ⎛⎫-++= ⎪⎝⎭,即动点p 轨迹的极坐标方程为225120sin 10806πρρθ⎛⎫-++= ⎪⎝⎭.【点睛】本题考查了直角坐标方程、极坐标方程及参数方程的互化,重点考查了运算能力,属基础题. 23.设函数()211f x x x =-++.【(1)画出()y f x =的图象;(2)若不等式()1f x a x >-+对x ∈R 成立,求实数a 的取值范围.【答案】(1)见解析(2)(,3)-∞【解析】【分析】(1)利用零点分段法将()f x 表示为分段函数的形式,由此画出()f x 的图形.(2)将不等式() 1f x a x >-+转化为21 22a x x -++>.利用绝对值不等式求得21 22x x -++的最小值,由此求得a 的取值范围.【详解】(1)根据绝对值的定义,可得()3,112,1213,2x x f x x x x x ⎧⎪-<-⎪⎪=-+-≤≤⎨⎪⎪>⎪⎩所以() y f x =的图象如图所示:(2)() 1f x a x >-+,即21 22a x x -++>|21 2 2 2122|3x x x x -++≥---=,3a ∴<,即实数a 的取值范围是(,3)-∞.【点睛】本小题主要考查分段函数的图像,考查含有绝对值的不等式恒成立问题的求解,属于基础题.。
【英语】2020-2019学年度河南省洛阳市高三年级统一考试
2020-2019学年度河南省洛阳市高三年级统一考试英语试卷本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,第I卷1至12页,第Ⅱ卷l3至14页。
考试结束,将第Ⅱ卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷注意事项:1.答第1卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题长上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮接干净后,再选涂其它答案标号,不能答在试卷上。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)作题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对活后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What did the radio say about the weather?A.Fine. B.Windy. C.Rainy.2.What does the man mean?A.They'll arrive at the hotel after 10:30.B.They can arrive at the hotel well before 10:30.C.They can arrive at the hotel at 10:30.3.How does the man feel about the woman’s response?A.Disappointed. B.Scared. C.Happy.4.Where are the speakers most probably?A.At a post office. B.At a bookstore. C.At a bank.5.Why does not the woman want her car's windows to be cleaned?A.It's too expensive. B.She doesn't know the man. C.She is in a hurry.第二节(共l5小题;每小题l.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独自。
河南省洛阳市2020届高三第一次统一考试 英语试题
16. What can we infer about the two speakers? A. They’re not Chinese. B. They’re learning Chinese. C. They’re visiting Beijing.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。 17. What is the speaker mainly talking about?
around 300 million users who are active each month. The platf时m is all about photos with short captions. When it comes to· lnstagram’s users, 53 percent of them are aged 18-29, but .a big
A
Teens love to socialize, and these websites give them a chance to do that while playing games,
exploring virtual worlds arid taking quizzes.αcow驼,teens also need to be safe online and report
B. The niajority of its users are in their 20s.
C. It has the largest number of users.
D. Only those above 18 nonnally use it.
any cyber bullies (欺凌)-
lnstagram allows teens to upload photos of their daily life and share them wi.th friends.
(完整word版)河南洛阳2019高三12月“一练”考试-语文(word文档良心出品)
河南洛阳2019高三12月“一练”考试-语文本试卷分第1卷(阅读题)和第二卷(表达题)两部分,总分值150分。
考试时间150分钟。
本卷须知1、答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卷上。
2、非选择题用O、5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔直截了当写在答题卷上每题对应的答题区域内,答在试题卷上无效。
3、考试结束后,请将答题卷上交。
第1卷阅读题甲必考题【一】现代文阅读(9分、每题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
铜镜源流铜镜确实是古代用铜做的镜子。
上古的镜,叫监,确实是大盆的意思。
《说文》:“监可取水于明月,因见其能够照行,故用以为镜。
”古人以水为镜,“监”确实是一个人弯着腰,睁大眼睛,从器皿的水中照看自己的面影;在三代之初,其器皿一般为瓦制。
只是,在距今四千年前的齐家文化遗址曾出土有两面铜镜。
至商代晚期,铜镜已有较多出土。
进入战国,铜镜差不多比较流行。
在古代,铜镜与人们的日常生活有着紧密关系,是人们不可缺少的生活用具,因此深受人们喜爱。
铜镜又是精芙的工艺品,铸造精良,形态漂亮,图纹华丽、铭文丰蛮。
这些纹饰和铭文的产生与流行,与当时的政治、经济、思想文化、社会生活及时代风尚有一定的关系。
由于镜背面积小,纹饰所选用的题材那么须更具代表性和典型性。
这便为我们认识和研究古代社会提供了可靠的实物资料。
铜镜在考古学研究中也占有重要地位。
它是我国古代墓葬中常见的随葬品。
由于各个历史时期的铜镜有着各自特征,它又成为古代墓葬中断代的大标准器之一。
因此铜镜不仅反映了古代文化艺术水平、冶炼和装饰工艺水平,而且依旧古时人们精神生活的反映,具有特别高的研究价值、观赏价值和艺术价值。
战因时期青铜艺术发生重大转变,青铜嚣由祭祀礼器向有用品转变,铜镜以其新顿时尚流行于上流社会。
铜镜在历史上曾是宫廷、贵族享用的高档消费品,在早期使用上还有一定的级别限制。
因此,铜镜的制造量少,保存流传于世的就更少。
秦汉以后,镜的使用更加广泛,制作也更加精良。
河南省洛阳市2020届高三第一次统一考试化学试卷 PDF版含答案
B.在罔体金属氢的结构中H2分子紧密而有序的排列
C.金属氢的密度比液态氢更大.可广泛运用于航天事业中
σ D.金属氢具有导电性,甚至可能是超导体 OH
12.环明
)常用来制取增塑剂叫工业洛剂,下列说法正确的是
A.环己醇中至少有12个原子共平面 B.环己醇的一氯代物有3种(不含立体结构) C.标准状况下.1 mol环己醇与足量Na反应生成22. 4 L Hz D.与环己醇互为同分异构体,且含有酵基C-CHC))的结构有8种(不含立体结构) 13.关于下列各装置阁成实验的描述巾正确的是
D.酸性KMn0.1溶液氧化H202: 2MnO.;- +5H 2 02 十6H + =2Mnz+ 十502 ↑十8H 2 0
8. 短周期主族元素 X、 Y、 Z、 M 的原子序数依次增大,X、 Z 同主族, X 原子的最外层电 子数是电子层数的3倍。X、Y、Z三种元素形成的一 种化合物可用作净水剂。下
D.S02具有氧化性,可用于漂白纸浆
3.下列关于NH4Cl的说法正确的是
A氯离子的结构示意图:@汾
B. NH 4Cl中含有极性共价键和非极性共价键
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D.其溶液呈酸性的原因:NH4C.l+H20 兽 NH3 • H 20+HCl
4.下列关于有机化合物的说法正确的是
。 02 的体积(已折算为标准状况)如下表。
2
4
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8
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下列叙述不正确的是(溶液体积变化忽略原计) A.反应至6 min时,H2 02分解了50% B.反应至6 min时,cCB2 02 )=0. 30 mol• L-1 C. 0-6 min的平均反应速率:vCH 202 )纪3.3×10- 2 mol• L -, • min-1 D.6-10 min的平均反应速率:“H 2 02 ) <3. 3 X10-2 mol• L-i • min-1'
2019-2020学年洛阳市第一中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年洛阳市第一中学高三英语模拟试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AExperts say that if food were a country, it would rank second behind theUSas one of the biggest greenhouse gas polluters. The reason is the rising demand for meat. Animal farming is responsible for 14.5 percent of global methane emissions. While cowsare the worst contributors, pigs, sheep, donkeys and other animals play a part as well.Animal agriculture also causes land to become damaged, water to be polluted and forests to get destroyed. With the world population forecast to rise to 9.8 billion by 2050, things are only looking worse for our already decreasing natural resources. While going vegetarian would help, meat consumption is too deep-rooted in most Western diets to allow for such a sharp, permanent change. That is why experts are advocating substituting some of the beef, chicken, or pork with ordinary insects!Insects, which grow into adults within a matter of months, if not weeks, are ready for consumption much faster than domestic animals. They also require much less room, use less water and food, and produce far less greenhouse gas than animals.Of the 1.1 million insect species worldwide, scientists have identified 1,700 as eatable. Among them are ants, grasshoppers, grubs, and earthworms. Just like animals, each insect has a different taste. Tree worms taste just like pork, and grubs are similar to smoked meat.While eating insects might be a new concept for Western people, over 2 billion people worldwide consume insects as a regular part of their diet. Besides being delicious, insects are high in protein, have very few calories, and are free of the saturated fat found in animal meat. Insects can be prepared in many ways. Creative cooks can use them to cook protein-rich soup, make baked treats, and even fry a few with vegetables. So eat insects--- both your body and Mother Earth will thank you for it!1. Which of the following animals contribute the most to global methane emissions?A. Sheep.B. Donkeys.C. Cows.D. Pigs.2. How is the third paragraph developed?A. By making comparisons.B. By providing examples.C. By listing data.D. By asking questions.3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.Few people eat insects regularly.B. Ordinary insects are high in fat.C. Insects contain various vitamins.D. Saturated fat is harmful to health.BNaomi Cooke was walking with a friend and their dogs through her local park in Burnside, on Tuesday when she heard someone shout to watch out. Cooke turned and hardly had time to react before a flying disc hit her in the face with a "big bang”, leaving her right cheek swollen almost to the size of a golfball.Two men playing disc golf at the course in Jellie Park were about 20 metres fromthe pairwhen one of them threw the disc hard, aiming for a nearby goal.After being hit Cooke immediately went to the emergency department, where two CT scans on her face and cheek found she had escaped any broken bones. "I'm lucky it didn't hit my eye because I think I would have lost it." Cooke said.Cooke often walks her dog at the park and said it was always busy with people playing disc golf, but it was not until after Tuesday that she became concerned about public safety there.There were no signs about the disc golf course in the park, she said, and the area is shared with children and people walking their dogs.“If it had hit one of the kids in the head, it could have killed them.” Cooke did not think she was the only person who had been hit before, and said there would be others who share her concerns.Cooke planned to go to the council, saying it needed to realise how dangerous it was for the space to be shared by everyone and to provide disc golfers with a space where they can play safely. "There should be rules about how it's done, making it safe for everyone.”4. What happened to Cooke on Tuesday?A. She was struck by a golf ball.B. She was hit by a flying disc.C. She was beaten by two men.D. She was frightened by a mad dog.5. What do the underlined words "the pair" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Cooke and her friend.B. Cooke and her dog.C. The two disc golfers.D. The two CT scans.6. How did Cooke feel about people playing disc golf in the park?A. Acceptable.B. Shocked.C. Angry.D. Worried.7. Why did Cooke plan to go to the council?A. To get the two men in trouble.B. To call for a ban on disc golf.C. To ask for personal protection.D. To call for safer places for disc golf.CWhen you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.The results are in the Transportation Research Record.As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways —those agencies are where the rubber meets the road.8. Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1?A. To present a fact.B. To make a contrast.C. To explain a rule.D. To share an experience.9. What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions?A. Hardening the road.B. Keeping oil in the ground.C. Growing trees for decades.D. Improving the transportation.10. What is the advantage of this suggestion?A. Gaining more support.B. Consuming less money.C. Involving more people.D. Facing fewer usual obstacles.11. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph?A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules.B. Those agencies will change some related policies.C. Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads.D. Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.DI had very good parents. My mother came toAmericafromScotlandby herself when she was 11, and she didn’t have much education. My dad was kind of a street kid, and he eventually went into the insurance business, selling nickel policies door to door.One day, my dad asked his boss, “What's the toughest market to sell?” and the insurance guy replied “Well, black people. They don’t buy insurance.” My dad thought, but they have kids; they have families. Why wouldn’t they buy insurance? So he said, “Give meHarlem.”When my dad died in 1994, I talked about him onThe Tonight Show. I told the story of how he worked in Harlem and how he always taught us to be open-minded and not to say or think things of racism (种族主义). Then one day, I got a letter from a woman who was about 75 years old.She wrote that when she was a little girl, a man used to come to her house to collect policies. She said this man was the only white person who had ever come to dinner at their house. The man was very kind to her, she said, and his name was Angelo—was this my father?The letter made me cry. I called her up and said yes, that was in fact my dad, and she told me how kind he had been to her family. Her whole attitude toward white people was based on that one nice man she met in her childhood, who always treated her with kindness and respect and always gave her a piece of candy. From this experience, I learned a valuable life lesson: never judge people and be open-minded and kind to others.12. What did my father do after knowing what was the toughest market to sell?A. He asked his boss to give him some insurance.B. He went toScotlandto improve his education.C. He specially went to white families with kids.D. He choseHarlemto face the toughest challenge.13. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A. It was rare that a businessman had dinner in his customer's house.B. Angelo was the only white person to sell insurance inHarlem.C. The little girl admired Angelo very much.D. Racism was a serious problem inAmericaat that time.14. Which of the following can best describe the author’s father?A. Stubborn and generous.B. Patient and intelligent.C. Determined and open-minded.D. Confident and romantic.15. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Memories from a TV Show.B. A Letter from an Old Lady.C. Life Lessons from My Father.D. My Father's Experience inHarlem.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
河南省洛阳市2020届高三第一次统一考试语文试卷 PDF版含答案
注意事项:
苗四个民族;流传于四川省凉山州喜德县的彝族神话中,洪水后,男子与天女结婚生的三
1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
个儿子成为汉、藏、彝族的祖先;流传于贵州省’毕节市成宁县的彝族神话中,洪水后竹生的
TI扣
2.作答时,将答案答在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
料可、
3:考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡 一 并交回。
(选自《中国社会科学报》)
N
w m
都有广泛流传,甚至在苗族、瑶族、含族、黎族等一些民族神话中有时还把 “盘古”与祖先 “盘抓 ”等同起来,这些情形充分表明各民族普遍公认的 “ 盘古”,不是一个具体的 “神 ” 或
陀v “人 ” ,而是 一 个具有中华民族本土特色的象征性的文化符号,“盘古”已经成为各民族构想
变成汉族、珞巴族、老虎和币的祖先。
点更明晰更有说服力。
这些不同民族、不同时期或不同地域的多民族同源神话.元 一 例外地表达出中国各民
3.根据原文内容,下列有关民族共同体意识的说法不正确的一项是(3分)
族亲如兄弟的共同愿景,其中一个明显的现象就是,各民族神话在叙事中一般都会涉及与
A.蕴含有民族共同体意识的神话传说体现了以汉族为主体民族,各民族相互融合的中
各民族的共同利益。 (二〉实用类文本阅读(本题共3小题,12分) 阅读下面的文字,完成4~6题。 材料一 : 在传统的观念中,获得了博士学位?就应以学术为止,选择非学术职业的人往往被视 为“管道的泄漏 ” 。 但统计年鉴显示,近几年来,约1/3- 的博士毕业生没有获得高校教职, 而民营企业成为部分博士毕业生的新选择。 在清华大学的就业重点单位榜单上.华为、腾 讯、阿里巳巳等公司榜上有名。 5年来,清华、北大的博士毕业生到高校和科研院所工作的比例均有所下降,而到国 企、私企的比例明显上升。 这背后是严峻的学术圈就业形势:近年来,中国的博士招生规 模连年扩大,去年9.55万人被录取为博士生,人数再创新高,而学术职 位的数量相对稳 定。 这样,“非学术职业”就成为博士生主动或被动的选择。 但与此同时,中国还存在一种 矛盾的现象。 华东师大社会发展学院副教授卿石松提到几个数据:2017年.企业研发经 费支出占全国总量的77. 6%,但企业中拥有博士学位的不到1%。 另外,中国的高校里, 除了研究型大学,具有博士学位的专任教师占比其实并不高,2017年.普通高校这 一 数字 仅为24.4%。 美国学者兰德尔·柯林斯在《文凭社会》一书中描述了 “ 文凭通货膨胀 ”的现象:“随着 越来越多的人获得更高的学位,工作职位对教育水平的要求也水涨船高。 当越来越多的 人获得某一教育文凭或学位时,其价值也就随之下降。 ”
河南省洛阳市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次统一考试(1月)数学(理)试题(教师版)
洛阳市2019--2020学年高中三年级第一次统一考试数学试卷(理)第Ⅰ卷(共60分)一、选择题:本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合(){}20|M x x x =-<,{}2,1,0,1,2N =--,则M N =( )A. {}0,1B. {}2,1--C. {}1D. {}0,1,2【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】解一元二次不等式求得集合M ,由此求得两个集合的交集. 【详解】由()20x x -<,解得{}|02M x x =<<,所以M N ={}1.故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查一元二次不等式的解法,考查集合交集的概念和运算,属于基础题. 2.已知复数z 在复平面中对应的点(),x y 满足()2211x y -+=,则1z -=( )A. 0B. 1D. 2【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】根据复数对应点的坐标以及复数模的几何意义,判断出正确选项.【详解】由于复数z 在复平面中对应点(),x y 满足()2211x y -+=,即复数z 对应点在圆心为()1,0,半径为1的圆上,1z -表示复数对应的点到()1,0的距离,也即圆上的点到圆心的距离,所以11z -=. 故选:B【点睛】本小题主要考查复数对应点的坐标以及复数模的几何意义,考查圆的方程,属于基础题. 3.为了节能减排,发展低碳经济,我国政府从2001年起就通过相关政策推动新能源汽车产业发展.下面的图表反映了该产业发展的相关信息:根据上述图表信息,下列结论错误的是( ) A. 2017年3月份我国新能源汽车的产量不超过3.4万辆 B. 2017年我国新能源汽车总销量超过70万辆 C. 2018年8月份我国新能源汽车的销量高于产量D. 2019年1月份我国插电式混合动力汽车的销量低于2万辆 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】根据图表对选项逐一分析,由此确定结论错误的选项. 【详解】对于A 选项,2017年3月份我国新能源汽车的产量 6.8 6.83.32 3.41 1.05 2.05=≈<+,故A 选项结论正确.对于B 选项,2017年我国新能源汽车总销量125.6125.677.677010.617 1.617=≈>+,故B 选项结论正确.对于C 选项,2018年8月份我国新能源汽车的销量10.1万量,高于产量9.9万量,故C 选项结论正确. 对于D 选项,2019年1月份我国插电式混合动力汽车的销量9.60.25 2.42⨯=>,故D 选项结论错误. 故选:D【点睛】本小题主要考查图表数据分析,考查阅读与理解能力,属于基础题.4.已知正项等比数列{}n a 中,354a a =,且467,1,a a a +成等差数列,则该数列公比q 为( ) A.14B.12C. 2D. 4【解析】 【分析】结合等差中项的性质,将已知条件转化为1,a q 的形式,由此求得q 的值. 【详解】由于467,1,a a a +成等差数列,所以()64721a a a +=+,所以()64735214a a a a a ⎧+=+⎨=⎩,即()5361112411214a q a q a q a q a q ⎧+=+⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩,解得11,24a q ==. 故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查等比数列基本量的计算,考查等差中项的性质,属于基础题.5.我国数学家陈最润在哥德巴赫猜想的研究中取得了世界瞩目的成就.哥德巴赫猜想简述为“每个大于2的偶数可以表示为两个素数的和”(注:如果一个大于1的整数除了1和自身外无其他正因数,则称这个整数为素数),如40337=+.在不超过40的素数,随机选取2个不同的数,这两个数的和等于40的概率是( )A.126 B.122C.117D.115【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】先求得40以内的素数的个数,然后根据古典概型概率计算公式,计算出所求的概率.【详解】40以内的素数为2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37共12个,任选两个的方法数有21212116621C ⨯==⨯种,和为40的有33740,112940,172340+=+=+=共3种,所以不超过40的素数,随机选取2个不同的数,这两个数的和等于40的概率是316622=. 故选:B【点睛】选本小题主要考查古典概型的计算,考查组合数的计算,考查素数的知识,属于基础题. 6.圆222410x y x y +-++=关于直线()300,0ax by a b --=>>对称,则12a b+的最小值是( ) A. 1 B. 3 C. 5D. 9【答案】B 【解析】求得圆心,代入直线30ax by --=,利用基本不等式求得12a b+的最小值. 【详解】圆222410x y x y +-++=的圆心为()1,2-,由于圆关于直线30ax by --=对称,圆心坐标满足直线方程,所以23a b +=,所以12a b +()1122123253b a a b b b a a +⎛⎫⎛⎫=⋅⋅+=++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()11554333⎛≥+=+= ⎝,当且仅当22,1b a a b a b===时等号成立. 故选:B【点睛】本小题主要考查圆的几何性质,考查基本不等式求最小值. 7.函数()()23xx e e cos x f x x-⋅-=(e 为自然对数的底数)的大致图象为( )A. B.C. D.【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】根据函数的奇偶性和特殊值,排除错误选项,由此得出正确选项.【详解】由于()()f x f x -=-,所以()f x 为奇函数,图像关于原点对称,由此排除B,D 两个选项. 当0,6x π⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时()0f x >,由此排除A 选项. 故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查函数图像的识别,考查函数的奇偶性,属于基础题.8.正三棱锥的三视图如下图所示,则该正三棱锥的表面积为( )A. B. 9 C. 92【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】通过三视图还原出立体图,通过条件可求得底面正三角形边长为则可求侧面积为.【详解】如图所示,底面正三角的高AD=3,所以223AH AD ==,AB=AC=BC=ABCS =又SH 为侧视图中的高,所以SH=3,则AS =则在等腰SAB 中12SABS=⨯=所以侧面积为 A. 【点睛】本题考查已知三视图求几何体的表面积,准确的还原出立体图是解题的关键,属中档题.9.已知点12,F F 分别是双曲线()2222:10,0x yC a b a b-=>>的左,右焦点,O 为坐标原点,点P 在双曲线C的右支上,且满足1221 2,4F F OP tan PF F =∠=,则双曲线C 的离心率为( )B. 5D.179【解析】 【分析】根据12 2F F OP =判断出三角形12F F P 是直角三角形,利用214tan PF F ∠=、双曲线的定义和勾股定理列方程组,化简后求得离心率.【详解】由于12 22F F OP c ==,所以三角形12F F P 是直角三角形.所以12121222221212424PF tan PF F PF PF PF a PF PF F F c ⎧∠==⎪⎪⎪-=⎨⎪+==⎪⎪⎩,化简得22179c a =,即c e a ==故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查双曲线离心率的求法,考查双曲线的定义,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于中档题.10.设()f x 是定义在R 上的函数,满足条件()()11f x f x +=-+,且当1x ≤时,()3xf x e-=-,则()27a f log =,()2 1.533,3b f c f --⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭==的大小关系是( )A. a b c >>B. a c b >>C. b a c >>D. c b a >>【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】利用已知条件将()27a f log =转换为247a f log ⎛=⎫⎪⎝⎭,根据1x ≤时()f x 的单调性,比较出,,a b c 的大小关系. 【详解】依题意()()11f x f x +=-+,所以()22277log 1log 1227a f log f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=-+ ⎪ ⎝⎭⎝=⎪⎭24log 7f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭.因为21.5324log 03317--<<<<,且当(],1x ∈-∞时,()3x f x e -=-为减函数,所以a c b >>.【点睛】本小题主要考查利用函数的单调性比较大小,考查对数运算,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于基础题.11.正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱长为1,点E 为棱1CC 的中点.下列结论:①线段BD 上存在点F ,使得//CF 平面1AD E ;②线段BD 上存在点F ,使CF ⊥得平面1AD E ;③平面1AD E 把正方体分成两部分,较小部分的体积为724,其中所有正确的序号是( ) A. ① B. ③C. ①③D. ①②③【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】利用线面平行的判定定理,作出F 点的位置,判断①正确.利用面面垂直的判定定理,判断②错误.计算较小部分的体积,判断③正确.【详解】设1A D 交1AD 于P ,过P 作PQ AD ⊥,交AD 于Q ,连接CQ 交BD 于F ,由于//,PQ CE PQ CE =,所以四边形PQCE 为平行四边形,所以//CQ EP ,所以//CQ 平面1AED .故线段BD 上存在点F ,使得//CF 平面1AD E ,即①正确.若CF ⊥平面1AD E ,CF ⊂平面ABCD ,则平面1AD E ⊥平面ABCD ,这不成立,所以②错误.延展平面1AD E 为1AMED 如图所示,其中M 是BC 的中点.根据正方体的几何性质可知,1,,D E AM DC 相交于一点, 1CEMDD A ∆∆,所以多面体1CEM DD A -是棱台.且体积为(113CEM DD A S S CD ∆∆⋅+⋅1117138224⎛=⋅++⋅= ⎝.故③正确. 综上所述,正确的序号为①③. 故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查空间线面平行、线面垂直有关定理,考查台体体积计算,考查空间想象能力和逻辑推理能力,属于中档题.12.已知正项数列{}n a 的前n 项和为1,1n S a >,且2632n n n S a a =++.若对于任意实数[]2,2a ∈-.不等式2*1()211n a t at n N n +<+-∈+恒成立,则实数t 的取值范围为( ) A. ][(),22,⋃∞-+∞- B. ,21,(][)∞⋃+∞--C. ,12[),(]-∞⋃+∞-D. []22-,【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 求得11n a n ++的范围,转化主参变量列不等式组,解不等式组求得t 的取值范围. 【详解】由2632n n n S a a =++①.当1n =时,2111632a a a =++,解得12a =.当2n ≥时,2111632n n n S a a ---=++②,①-②得2211633n n n n n a a a a a --=-+-,()()1130n n n n a a a a --+--=,所以13n n a a --=,所以数列{}n a 是首项为12a =,公差为3d =的等差数列,所以31n a n =-,所以()1311133111n n a n n n ++-==-<+++,所以2213t a t +-≥恒成立,即2240t a t +-≥,转换为2240ta t +-≥,在[]2,2a ∈-恒成立,所以2222402240t t t t ⎧-+-≥⎨+-≥⎩,解得][,2()2,t ∈⋃∞-+∞-. 故选:A【点睛】本小题主要考查已知n S 求n a ,考查不等式恒成立问题的求解策略,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于中档题.第Ⅱ卷(共90分)二、填空题(每题5分,满分20分,将答案填在答题纸上)13.平面向量a 与b 的夹角为60,且()3,0a =,1b =,则2a b += __________.【解析】 【分析】 利用()222a b a b+=+来求得2a b +.【详解】依题意()222a b a b+=+224494a ab b =+⋅+=+=【点睛】本小题主要考查平面向量模的运算,考查平面向量数量积的运算,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于基础题.14.若实数,x y 满足约束条件,4, 3,y x x y y ≤⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥-⎩,则2z x y =+的最小值是__________.【答案】9- 【解析】 【分析】画出可行域,平移基准直线20x y +=到可行域边界位置,由此求得z 的最小值.【详解】画出可行域如下图所示,平移基准直线20x y +=到可行域边界点()3,3A --位置,此时z 取得最小值为()2339⨯--=-. 故答案为:9-【点睛】本小题主要考查线性规划求最小值,考查数形结合的数学思想方法,属于基础题.15.已知椭圆()2222:10,x y C a b A a b+=>>为右顶点.过坐标原点O 的直线交椭圆C 于,P Q 两点,线段AP的中点为M ,直线QM 交x 轴于()2,0N ,椭圆C 的离心率为23,则椭圆C 的标准方程为__________. 【答案】2213620x y += 【解析】 【分析】设出,P Q 两点的坐标,求得M 点坐标,由,,Q M N 三点共线列方程,结合椭圆的离心率求得,a b 的值,进而求得椭圆的标准方程.【详解】设()()0000,,,P x y Q x y --,(),0A a ,所以00,22a x y M +⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,由于,,Q M N 三点共线,所以00002222y y a x x =++-,解得6a =.由于椭圆离心率23c a =,所以4c =,所以22220,b a c b =-==所以椭圆方程为2213620x y +=. 故答案为:2213620x y += 【点睛】本小题主要考查根据椭圆的离心率求椭圆标准方程,考查运算求解能力,属于基础题.16.已知函数()()12,f lnx ax a x g x x =+=-,且()()0f x g x ≤在定义域内恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围为__________.【答案】{2|a a e =或12a e ⎫≤-⎬⎭【解析】【分析】先求得()()f x g x 的定义域,然后对()f x 和()g x 的符合进行分类讨论,由此求得实数a 的取值范围. 【详解】依题意()()()1ln 2f x g x x ax a x ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭,定义域为()0,∞+. 由于()()0f x g x ≤在定义域内恒成立,则 ①,1ln 20,0x ax a x +≤-≥恒成立,即ln 12,x a a x x ≤-≤在()0,∞+恒成立.令()ln x h x x=-,()'ln 1x h x x -=,故()h x 在()0,e 上递减,在(),e +∞上递增,故()()1h x h e e≥=-.所以,由ln 12,x a a x x ≤-≤可得12,0a a e ≤-≤,即12a e≤-. ②,1ln 20,0x ax a x +≥-≤恒成立,即ln 12,x a a x x≥-≥在()0,∞+恒成立,不存在这样的a . ③,当0a >时,由于()f x 在()0,∞+上递增,()g x 在()0,∞+上递减,要使()()0f x g x ≤在定义域内恒成立,则需()f x 和()g x 有相同的零点.由ln 2010x ax a x+=⎧⎪⎨-=⎪⎩,解得22,a e x e -==. 综上所述,实数a 的取值范围是{2|a a e =或12a e ⎫≤-⎬⎭.故答案为:{2|a a e =或12a e ⎫≤-⎬⎭【点睛】本小题主要考查不等式恒成立问题的求解策略,考查利用导数研究函数的单调性和最值,考查分类讨论的数学思想方法,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于难题.三、解答题 (本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)17.在ABC 中,角,,A B C 对应边分别为,,a b c .(1)若ABC 的面积S 满足222,4c a b c a +=+==且b c >,求b 的值;(2)若3a A π==且ABC 为锐角三角形.求ABC 周长的范围.【答案】(1)b =(2)3(+【解析】【分析】(1)结合三角形面积公式和余弦定理,求得tan C 的值,由此求得C 的大小,利用余弦定理列方程求得b 的值.(2)利用正弦定理表示出,b c ,用三角形内角和定理和三角恒等变换求得b c +的取值范围,由此求得a b c ++即三角形ABC 周长的取值范围.【详解】(1)由条件和三角形的面积公式得2222c c a b +=+=+,即222a b c =+-.将余弦定理2222a b c abcosC +-=.cosC =,即3tanC =,因为(0,)C π∈,所以6C π=将4,6c a C π===,代入2222c a b abcosC =+-,得290b -+=结合条件b c >得b =(2)由正弦定理得2sin sin sin a b c A B C=== 所以()2b c sinB sinC +=+()22233sinB sin B sinB sin B πππ⎡⎡⎤⎛⎫=--+- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎦+32(6)2sinB B π⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎭==+⎝+ 因为A B C π++=,且3A π=及锐角三角形得0,2B π⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭且20,32B ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫-∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭, 所以62B ππ<<,所以2363B πππ<+<sin 16B π⎛⎫<+≤ ⎪⎝⎭,所以(3,b c +∈所以周长a b c ++范围是3(+.【点睛】本小题主要考查正弦定理、余弦定理解三角形,考查三角形的面积公式,考查三角恒等变换,考查运算求解能力,属于中档题.18.如图,已知四边形ABCD 为等腰梯形,BDEF 为正方形,平面BDEF ⊥平面ABCD ,//,1AD BC AD AB ==,60ABC ∠=︒.(1)求证:平面CDE ⊥平面BDEF ;(2)点M 为线段EF 上一动点,求BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的取值范围.【答案】(1)证明见解析(2)1,52⎤⎥⎣⎦ 【解析】【分析】(1)利用等腰梯形的性质证得BD CD ⊥,由面面垂直的性质定理证得CD ⊥平面BDEF ,由此证得平面CDE ⊥平面BDEF .(2)建立空间直角坐标系,设出EM 的长,利用直线BD 的方向向量和平面BCM 的法向量,求得BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的表达式,进而求得BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的取值范围.【详解】在等腰梯形ABCD 中,// ,1AD BC AD AB ==, 60ABC ∠=︒,120,30BAD CDA ADB ∴∠=∠=︒∠=︒,90CDB ∠=︒. 即.BD CD⊥BD =,2BC =. 又平面BDEF ⊥平面ABCD ,平面BDEF ⋂平面,ABCD BD CD =⊂平面ABCD ,∴CD ⊥平面BDEFCD ⊂平面CDE ,∴平面CDE ⊥平面BDEF(2)解:由(1)知,分别以直线,,DB DC DE 为x 轴,y 轴,z 轴建立空间直角坐标系,设0(EM m m =≤≤,则()(),0,1,0,000),,B C D,((),3,1,0M m BC =-,()3,0,3,3,0,()0BM m DB =-=设平面BMC 的法向量为(),,n x y x = 00n BC n BM ⎧⋅=∴⎨⋅=⎩,即(100y m x ⎧+=⎪⎨-+=⎪⎩ 令3x =,则3,y z m ==,平面BMC 的一个法向量为3,3,()n m =.设BD 与平面BCM 所成角为θ,,sin cos n BD θ∴=<>(,nBDn BD m ==∴当0m =m 时取最大值12故BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的取值范围为12⎤⎥⎣⎦. 【点睛】本小题主要考查面面垂直的判定定理和性质定理,考查向量法计算线面角正弦值的取值范围,考查空间想象能力和逻辑推理能力,属于中档题.19.过点()0,2P 的直线与抛物线2:4C x y =相交于,A B 两点. (1)若2AP PB =,且点A 在第一象限,求直线AB 的方程;(2)若,A B 在直线2y =-上的射影分别为11,A B ,线段11A B 的中点为Q , 求证1//BQ PA .【答案】(1)240x y -+=.(2)证明见解析【解析】【分析】(1)设出直线AB 的方程,联立直线AB 的方程和抛物线方程,化简后写出韦达定理,利用2AP PB =,结合平面向量相等的坐标运算、韦达定理,求得直线AB 的斜率,进而求得直线AB 的方程.(2)由(1)求得11,,A B Q 的坐标,通过计算10BQ PA k k -=,证得1//BQ PA .【详解】(1)设AB 方程为()20y kx k =+>,()()11221,,,,0A x y B x y x > ,联立方程24 2.x y y kx ⎧=⎨=+⎩,,消去y 得:2480x kx --=,216320k =+>,121248x x k x x +=⎧⎨⋅=-⎩① 又()1122(),2,,2AP x y PB x y =--=-由2AP PB =得:122x x =-代人①解得12k = ∴直线AB 的方程为:122y x =+,即240x y -+=. (2)由(1)得,()111122,2,,2(()2),,2x A x B x Q x +---114PA k x =-, ()22221221228422BQ x x k x x x x x ++==+-- ()()()122121212211121888422BQ PA x x x x x x k k x x x x x x ++-+-=+=-- ()()()221212************x x x x x x x x x x x x ++===-- 1BQ PA k k ∴=1//PA BQ ∴【点睛】本小题主要考查直线和抛物线的位置关系,考查向量的坐标运算,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,考查运算求解能力,属于中档题.20.设函数()()3211232x f x e x kx kx =--+. (1)若1k =,求()f x 的单调区间;(2)若()f x 存在三个极值点123,,x x x ,且123x x x <<,求k 的取值范围,并证明:1 3 22x x x >+.【答案】(1)单调减区间为(,1)-∞,单调增区间为(1,)+∞.(2)k e >,证明见解析【解析】【分析】(1)当1k =时,利用导数求得()f x 的单调区间.(2)先求得()f x 的导函数()()()'1x e x f x kx --=,则()x g x e kx =-有两个不同的零点,且都不是1.对k 分成0,0k k ≤>两种情况分类讨论,利用导数研究()g x 的单调性和零点,由此求得k 的取值范围. 由上述分析可得12301x x x <<=<,利用导数证得312313131ln ln 221x x x x x x x x x -=>=-++,从而证得1 3 22x x x >+.【详解】(1)()32()11 232x f x e x x x =--+()()() 1x f x e x x '∴=--.令()(),'1x xh x e x h x e =-=-, ()'0h x >得0x >,()'0h x <得0x <,()h x 在(,0)-∞上递减,在(0,)+∞上递增.()()010h x h ∴≥=>即0x e x ->,∴解()'0f x >得1x >,解()'0f x <得1x <,()f x ∴的单调减区间为(,1)-∞,单调增区间为(1,)+∞.(2)()()()()2'21x x x f x e x e kx kx e kx x =-+-+=--,()f x 有三个极值点,∴方程0-=x e kx 有两个不等根,且都不是1,令()xg x e kx =-, 0k ≤时,()g x 单调递增,()0g x =至多有一根,0k ∴>解()'0g x >得x lnk >,解()'0g x <得x lnk <.()g x ∴在(n ),l k -∞上递减,在(ln ,)k +∞上递增,()()ln 10,k g lnk e klnk k lnk k e =-=-<>∴此时,()010g =>,()1,10lnk g e k >=-<,x →+∞时()g x →+∞.k e ∴>时,()'0f x =有三个根123,,x x x ,且12301x x x <<=<,由11x e kx =得11x lnk lnx =+,由33x e kx =得33x lnk lnx =+,3131ln ln 1x x x x -∴=- 下面证明:313131ln ln 2x x x x x x ->-+,可变形为331311121x x x ln x x x ->+令311x t x =>,()()21ln 1t x t t ϕ-=-+ ()()()()222114011t x t t t t ϕ-'=-=>++,()x ϕ∴在(1)+∞,上递增, ()()10t ϕϕ∴>= ∴313131ln ln 21x x x x x x -=>-+,3122.x x x ∴+> 【点睛】本小题主要考查利用导数研究函数的单调性,考查利用导数求解函数极值有关问题,考查利用导数证明不等式,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,考查运算求解能力,属于难题.21.“公平正义”是社会主义和谐社会的重要特征,是社会主义法治理念的价值追求.“考试”作为一种公平公正选拔人才的有效途径,正被广泛采用.每次考试过后,考生最关心的问题是:自己的考试名次是多少?自已能否被录取?能获得什么样的职位? 某单位准备通过考试(按照高分优先录取的原则)录用300名,其中275个高薪职位和25个普薪职位.实际报名人数为2000名,考试满分为400分.(一般地,对于一次成功的考试来说,考试成绩应服从正态分布. )考试后考试成绩的部分统计结果如下:考试平均成绩是180分,360分及其以上的高分考生30名.(1)最低录取分数是多少?(结果保留为整数)(2)考生甲的成绩为286分,若甲被录取,能否获得高薪职位?若不能被录取,请说明理由.参考资料:(1)当2~(,)X N μσ时,令X Y μσ-=,则()~0,1Y N .(2)当()~0,1Y N 时, 2.17()0.985P Y ≤≈, 1.280.900, 1.()09()0.863P Y P Y ≤≈≤≈,1.04()0.85P Y ≤≈.【答案】(1)266分或267分.(2)能获得高薪职位.见解析【解析】【分析】(1)利用考试的平均成绩、高分考生的人数,以及题目所给正态分布的参考资料,求得考生成绩X 的分布()~180,832X N ,利用录取率3002000列方程,由此求得最低录取分数线. (2)计算出不低于考生甲的成绩的人数约为200,由此判断出甲能获得高薪职位.【详解】(1)设考生成绩为X ,则依题意X 应服从正态分布,即()2~180,X N σ.令180X Y σ-=,则()~0,1Y N .由360分及其以上的高分考生30名可得()303602000P X ≥=即()3036010.9852000P X <=-≈,亦即3601800.985P Y σ-⎛⎫<≈ ⎪⎝⎭. 则3601802.17σ-=,解得()83180,832N σ≈∴,, 设最低录取分数线为o x ,则0180300832(0)00o x P X x P Y -⎛⎫≥=≥= ⎪⎝⎭ 则018030010.85832000x P Y -⎛⎫<=-≈ ⎪⎝⎭,0180 1.0483x -∴= 266.32o x ∴≈.即最低录取分数线为266分或267分.(2)考生甲的成绩286267>,所以能被录取.()()286180()286 1.280.9083P X P Y P Y -<=<=<≈, 表明不低于考生甲的成绩的人数约为总人数的10.900.10,20000.1200-=⨯≈,即考生甲大约排在第200名,排在275名之前,所以他能获得高薪职位.【点睛】本小题主要考查正态分布在实际生活中的应用,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,考查阅读理解能力,属于中档题.请考生在第22、23题中任选一题做答,如果多做,则按所做的第一题记分.做答时,用2B 铅笔在答题卡.上把所选题目对应的题号后的方框涂黑.22.在极坐标系中,已知圆的圆心6,3C π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,半径3r =,Q 点在圆C 上运动.以极点为直角坐标系原点,极轴为x 轴正半轴建立直角坐标系.(1)求圆C 参数方程; (2)若P 点在线段OQ 上,且:2:3OP PQ =,求动点P 轨迹的极坐标方程.【答案】(1)33cos 3sin x y θθ=+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数);(2)225120sin 10806πρρθ⎛⎫-++= ⎪⎝⎭ 【解析】【分析】(1)已知得,圆心6,3C π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭的直角坐标为(C ,3r =,则可求得圆的标准方程;(2)结合(1)得,圆C 的极坐标方程为212sin 276πρρθ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭,再设(),P ρθ,()1,Q ρθ,则1:2:5ρρ=,将152ρρ=代入C 的极坐标方程即可得解. 【详解】(1)由已知得,圆心6,3C π⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭的直角坐标为(C ,3r =, 所以C 的直角坐标方程为()(2239x y -+-=,所以圆C 的参数方程为33cos 3sin x y θθ=+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数). (2)由(1)得,圆C 的极坐标方程为()26cos 270ρρθθ-+=,即212sin 276πρρθ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭. 设(),P ρθ,()1,Q ρθ,根据:2:3OP PQ =,可得1:2:5ρρ=,将152ρρ=代入C 的极坐标方程,得225120sin 10806πρρθ⎛⎫-++= ⎪⎝⎭, 即动点p 轨迹的极坐标方程为225120sin 10806πρρθ⎛⎫-++= ⎪⎝⎭. 【点睛】本题考查了直角坐标方程、极坐标方程及参数方程的互化,重点考查了运算能力,属基础题.23.设函数()211f x x x =-++.(1)画出()y f x =的图象;(2)若不等式()1f x a x >-+对x ∈R 成立,求实数a 的取值范围.【答案】(1)见解析(2)(,3)-∞【解析】【分析】(1)利用零点分段法将()f x 表示为分段函数的形式,由此画出()f x 的图形.(2)将不等式() 1f x a x >-+转化为21 22a x x -++>.利用绝对值不等式求得21 22x x -++的最小值,由此求得a 的取值范围.【详解】(1)根据绝对值的定义,可得()3,112,1213,2x x f x x x x x ⎧⎪-<-⎪⎪=-+-≤≤⎨⎪⎪>⎪⎩所以() y f x =的图象如图所示:(2)() 1f x a x >-+,即21 22a x x -++>|21 2 2 2122|3x x x x -++≥---=,3a ∴<,即实数a 的取值范围是(,3)-∞.【点睛】本小题主要考查分段函数的图像,考查含有绝对值的不等式恒成立问题的求解,属于基础题.。
河南省洛阳市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次统一考试数学(理)试题(带答案)
河南省洛阳市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次统一考试数学(理)试题第I 卷(选择题)一、单选题1.已知集合(){}20|M x x x =-<,{}2,1,0,1,2N =--,则M N =I ( ) A .{}0,1B .{}2,1--C .{}1D .{}0,1,22.已知复数z 在复平面中对应的点(),x y 满足()2211x y -+=,则1z -=( ) A .0B .1CD .23.为了节能减排,发展低碳经济,我国政府从2001年起就通过相关政策推动新能源汽车产业发展.下面的图表反映了该产业发展的相关信息:1-12月 127 59.9 125.6 61.7 2019年1月 9.1 113 9.6 138 2月5.950.95.353.6根据上述图表信息,下列结论错误的是( ) A .2017年3月份我国新能源汽车的产量不超过3.4万辆B .2017年我国新能源汽车总销量超过70万辆C .2018年8月份我国新能源汽车的销量高于产量D .2019年1月份我国插电式混合动力汽车的销量低于2万辆4.已知正项等比数列{}n a 中,354a a =,且467,1,a a a +成等差数列,则该数列公比q 为( ) A .14B .12C .2D .45.我国数学家陈最润在哥德巴赫猜想的研究中取得了世界瞩目的成就.哥德巴赫猜想简述为“每个大于2的偶数可以表示为两个素数的和”(注:如果一个大于1的整数除了1和自身外无其他正因数,则称这个整数为素数),如40337=+.在不超过40的素数,随机选取2个不同的数,这两个数的和等于40的概率是( ) A .126B .122C .117D .1156.圆222410x y x y +-++=关于直线()300,0ax by a b --=>>对称,则12a b+的最小值是( ) A .1 B .3C .5D .97.函数()()23xx e e cos x f x x-⋅-=(e 为自然对数的底数)的大致图象为( )A .B .C .D .8.正三棱锥的三视图如下图所示,则该正三棱锥的表面积为( )A .33033+B .3309+C .123D .991022+9.已知点12,F F 分别是双曲线()2222:10,0x yC a b a b-=>>的左,右焦点,O 为坐标原点,点P 在双曲线C 的右支上,且满足1221 2,4F F OP tan PF F =∠=,则双曲线C 的离心率为( ) A .5B .5C .173D .17910.设()f x 是定义在R 上的函数,满足条件()()11f x f x +=-+,且当1x ≤时,()3xf x e -=-,则()27a f log =,()2 1.533,3b f c f --⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭==的大小关系是( )A .a b c >>B .a c b >>C .b a c >>D .c b a >>11.正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱长为1,点E 为棱1CC 的中点.下列结论:①线段BD 上存在点F ,使得//CF 平面1AD E ;②线段BD 上存在点F ,使CF ⊥得平面1AD E ;③平面1AD E 把正方体分成两部分,较小部分的体积为724,其中所有正确的序号是( ) A .① B .③ C .①③ D .①②③12.已知正项数列{}n a 的前n 项和为1,1n S a >,且2632n n n S a a =++.若对于任意实数[]2,2a ∈-.不等式2*1()211n a t at n N n +<+-∈+恒成立,则实数t 的取值范围为( ) A .][(),22,⋃∞-+∞- B .,21,(][)∞⋃+∞--C .,12[),(]-∞⋃+∞-D .[]22-,第II 卷(非选择题)二、填空题13.平面向量a v 与b v 的夹角为60o,且()3,0a =v ,1b =v ,则2a b +=v v __________.14.若实数,x y 满足约束条件,4, 3,y x x y y ≤⎧⎪+≤⎨⎪≥-⎩,则2z x y =+的最小值是__________.15.已知椭圆()2222:10,x y C a b A a b +=>>为右顶点.过坐标原点O 的直线交椭圆C 于,P Q 两点,线段AP 的中点为M ,直线QM 交x 轴于()2,0N ,椭圆C 的离心率为23,则椭圆C 的标准方程为__________. 16.已知函数()()12,f lnx ax a x g x x=+=-,且()()0f x g x ≤在定义域内恒成立,则实数a 的取值范围为__________.三、解答题17.在ABC V 中,角,,A B C 对应边分别为,,a b c . (1)若ABC V 的面积S 满足22243,7,4S c a b c a +=+==且b c >,求b 的值;(2)若3,3a A π==且ABC V 为锐角三角形.求ABC V 周长的范围.18.如图,已知四边形ABCD 为等腰梯形,BDEF 为正方形,平面BDEF ⊥平面ABCD ,//,1AD BC AD AB ==,60ABC ∠=︒.(1)求证:平面CDE ⊥平面BDEF ;(2)点M 为线段EF 上一动点,求BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的取值范围.19.过点()0,2P 的直线与抛物线2:4C x y =相交于,A B 两点. (1)若2AP PB =u u u v u u u v,且点A 在第一象限,求直线AB 的方程;(2)若,A B 在直线2y =-上的射影分别为11,A B ,线段11A B 的中点为Q , 求证1//BQ PA .20.设函数()()3211232xf x ex kx kx =--+. (1)若1k =,求()f x 的单调区间;(2)若()f x 存在三个极值点123,,x x x ,且123x x x <<,求k 的取值范围,并证明:1 3 22x x x >+.21.“公平正义”是社会主义和谐社会的重要特征,是社会主义法治理念的价值追求.“考试”作为一种公平公正选拔人才的有效途径,正被广泛采用.每次考试过后,考生最关心的问题是:自己的考试名次是多少?自已能否被录取?能获得什么样的职位? 某单位准备通过考试(按照高分优先录取的原则)录用300名,其中275个高薪职位和25个普薪职位.实际报名人数为2000名,考试满分为400分.(一般地,对于一次成功的考试来说,考试成绩应服从正态分布. )考试后考试成绩的部分统计结果如下: 考试平均成绩是180分,360分及其以上的高分考生30名. (1)最低录取分数是多少?(结果保留为整数)(2)考生甲的成绩为286分,若甲被录取,能否获得高薪职位?若不能被录取,请说明理由.参考资料:(1)当2~(,)X N μσ时,令X Y μσ-=,则()~0,1Y N .(2)当()~0,1Y N 时, 2.17()0.985P Y ≤≈,1.280.900, 1.()09()0.863P Y P Y ≤≈≤≈, 1.04()0.85P Y ≤≈.22.在极坐标系中,已知圆的圆心6,3C π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,半径3r =,Q 点在圆C 上运动.以极点为直角坐标系原点,极轴为x 轴正半轴建立直角坐标系. (1)求圆C 的参数方程;(2)若P 点在线段OQ 上,且:2:3OP PQ =,求动点P 轨迹的极坐标方程.23.设函数()211f x x x =-++.(1)画出()y f x =的图象;(2)若不等式()1f x a x >-+对x ∈R 成立,求实数a 的取值范围.参考答案1.C 【解析】 【分析】解一元二次不等式求得集合M ,由此求得两个集合的交集. 【详解】由()20x x -<,解得{}|02M x x =<<,所以M N =I {}1. 故选:C 【点睛】本小题主要考查一元二次不等式的解法,考查集合交集的概念和运算,属于基础题. 2.B 【解析】 【分析】根据复数对应点的坐标以及复数模的几何意义,判断出正确选项. 【详解】由于复数z 在复平面中对应的点(),x y 满足()2211x y -+=,即复数z 对应点在圆心为()1,0,半径为1的圆上,1z -表示复数对应的点到()1,0的距离,也即圆上的点到圆心的距离,所以11z -=. 故选:B 【点睛】本小题主要考查复数对应点的坐标以及复数模的几何意义,考查圆的方程,属于基础题. 3.D 【解析】 【分析】根据图表对选项逐一分析,由此确定结论错误的选项. 【详解】对于A 选项,2017年3月份我国新能源汽车的产量 6.8 6.83.32 3.41 1.05 2.05=≈<+,故A 选项结论正确.对于B 选项,2017年我国新能源汽车总销量125.6125.677.677010.617 1.617=≈>+,故B 选项结论正确.对于C 选项,2018年8月份我国新能源汽车的销量10.1万量,高于产量9.9万量,故C 选项结论正确.对于D 选项,2019年1月份我国插电式混合动力汽车的销量9.60.25 2.42⨯=>,故D 选项结论错误. 故选:D 【点睛】本小题主要考查图表数据分析,考查阅读与理解能力,属于基础题. 4.C 【解析】 【分析】结合等差中项的性质,将已知条件转化为1,a q 的形式,由此求得q 的值. 【详解】由于467,1,a a a +成等差数列,所以()64721a a a +=+,所以()64735214a a a a a ⎧+=+⎨=⎩,即()5361112411214a q a q a q a q a q ⎧+=+⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩,解得11,24a q ==. 故选:C 【点睛】本小题主要考查等比数列基本量的计算,考查等差中项的性质,属于基础题. 5.B 【解析】 【分析】先求得40以内的素数的个数,然后根据古典概型概率计算公式,计算出所求的概率.【详解】40以内的素数为2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37共12个,任选两个的方法数有21212116621C ⨯==⨯种,和为40的有33740,112940,172340+=+=+=共3种,所以不超过40的素数,随机选取2个不同的数,这两个数的和等于40的概率是316622=. 故选:B 【点睛】选本小题主要考查古典概型的计算,考查组合数的计算,考查素数的知识,属于基础题. 6.B 【解析】 【分析】求得圆心,代入直线30ax by --=,利用基本不等式求得12a b+的最小值. 【详解】圆222410x y x y +-++=的圆心为()1,2-,由于圆关于直线30ax by --=对称,圆心坐标满足直线方程,所以23a b +=,所以12a b +()1122123253b a a b b b a a +⎛⎫⎛⎫=⋅⋅+=++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()11554333⎛≥+=+= ⎝,当且仅当22,1b aa b a b ===时等号成立. 故选:B 【点睛】本小题主要考查圆的几何性质,考查基本不等式求最小值. 7.C 【解析】 【分析】根据函数的奇偶性和特殊值,排除错误选项,由此得出正确选项. 【详解】由于()()f x f x -=-,所以()f x 为奇函数,图像关于原点对称,由此排除B,D 两个选项.当0,6x π⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时()0f x >,由此排除A 选项. 故选:C 【点睛】本小题主要考查函数图像的识别,考查函数的奇偶性,属于基础题. 8.A 【解析】 【分析】通过三视图还原出立体图,通过条件可求得底面正三角形边长为,. 【详解】如图所示,底面正三角的高AD=3,所以223AH AD ==,AB=AC=BC=ABC S =V ,又SH 为侧视图中的高,所以SH=3,则AS =则在等腰SAB V 中12SAB S =⨯=V所以侧面积为A . 【点睛】本题考查已知三视图求几何体的表面积,准确的还原出立体图是解题的关键,属中档题. 9.C 【解析】 【分析】根据12 2F F OP =判断出三角形12F F P 是直角三角形,利用214tan PF F ∠=、双曲线的定义和勾股定理列方程组,化简后求得离心率.由于12 22F F OP c ==,所以三角形12F F P 是直角三角形.所以12121222221212424PF tan PF F PF PF PF a PF PF F F c ⎧∠==⎪⎪⎪-=⎨⎪+==⎪⎪⎩,化简得22179c a =,即c e a ==故选:C 【点睛】本小题主要考查双曲线离心率的求法,考查双曲线的定义,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于中档题. 10.B 【解析】 【分析】利用已知条件将()27a f log =转换为247a f log ⎛=⎫⎪⎝⎭,根据1x ≤时()f x 的单调性,比较出,,a b c 的大小关系. 【详解】依题意()()11f x f x +=-+,所以()22277log 1log 1227a f log f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=-+ ⎪ ⎝⎭⎝=⎪⎭24log 7f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭.因为21.5324log 03317--<<<<,且当(],1x ∈-∞时,()3x f x e -=-为减函数,所以a c b >>. 故选:B 【点睛】本小题主要考查利用函数的单调性比较大小,考查对数运算,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于基础题. 11.C【分析】利用线面平行的判定定理,作出F 点的位置,判断①正确.利用面面垂直的判定定理,判断②错误.计算较小部分的体积,判断③正确. 【详解】设1A D 交1AD 于P ,过P 作PQ AD ⊥,交AD 于Q ,连接CQ 交BD 于F ,由于//,PQ CE PQ CE =,所以四边形PQCE 为平行四边形,所以//CQ EP ,所以//CQ 平面1AED .故线段BD 上存在点F ,使得//CF 平面1AD E ,即①正确.若CF ⊥平面1AD E ,CF ⊂平面ABCD ,则平面1AD E ⊥平面ABCD ,这不成立,所以②错误.延展平面1AD E 为1AMED 如图所示,其中M 是BC 的中点.根据正方体的几何性质可知,1,,D E AM DC 相交于一点, 1CEM DD A ∆∆:,所以多面体1CEM DD A -是棱台.且体积为(113CEM DD A S S CD ∆∆⋅+⋅1117138224⎛=⋅++⋅= ⎝.故③正确. 综上所述,正确的序号为①③. 故选:C【点睛】本小题主要考查空间线面平行、线面垂直有关定理,考查台体体积计算,考查空间想象能力和逻辑推理能力,属于中档题. 12.A 【解析】 【分析】 求得11n a n ++的范围,转化主参变量列不等式组,解不等式组求得t 的取值范围. 【详解】由2632n n n S a a =++①.当1n =时,2111632a a a =++,解得12a =.当2n ≥时,2111632n n n S a a ---=++②,①-②得2211633n n n n n a a a a a --=-+-,()()1130n n n n a a a a --+--=,所以13n n a a --=,所以数列{}n a 是首项为12a =,公差为3d =的等差数列,所以31n a n =-,所以()1311133111n n a n n n ++-==-<+++,所以2213t at +-≥恒成立,即2240t at +-≥,转换为2240ta t +-≥,在[]2,2a ∈-恒成立,所以2222402240t t t t ⎧-+-≥⎨+-≥⎩,解得][,2()2,t ∈⋃∞-+∞-. 故选:A【点睛】本小题主要考查已知n S 求n a ,考查不等式恒成立问题的求解策略,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于中档题.13【解析】 【分析】利用2a b +=r r 2a b +r r.【详解】依题意2a b +=r r===【点睛】本小题主要考查平面向量模的运算,考查平面向量数量积的运算,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于基础题. 14.9- 【解析】 【分析】画出可行域,平移基准直线20x y +=到可行域边界位置,由此求得z 的最小值. 【详解】画出可行域如下图所示,平移基准直线20x y +=到可行域边界点()3,3A --位置,此时z 取得最小值为()2339⨯--=-. 故答案为:9-【点睛】本小题主要考查线性规划求最小值,考查数形结合的数学思想方法,属于基础题.15.2213620x y +=【解析】 【分析】设出,P Q 两点的坐标,求得M 点坐标,由,,Q M N 三点共线列方程,结合椭圆的离心率求得,a b 的值,进而求得椭圆的标准方程. 【详解】设()()0000,,,P x y Q x y --,(),0A a ,所以00,22a x y M +⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,由于,,Q M N 三点共线,所以0002222y y a x x =++-,解得6a =.由于椭圆离心率23c a =,所以4c =,所以22220,b a c b =-==所以椭圆方程为2213620x y +=.故答案为:2213620x y += 【点睛】本小题主要考查根据椭圆的离心率求椭圆标准方程,考查运算求解能力,属于基础题. 16.{2|a a e =或12a e ⎫≤-⎬⎭【解析】 【分析】先求得()()f x g x 的定义域,然后对()f x 和()g x 的符合进行分类讨论,由此求得实数a 的取值范围. 【详解】依题意()()()1ln 2f x g x x ax a x ⎛⎫=+-⎪⎝⎭,定义域为()0,∞+. 由于()()0f x g x ≤在定义域内恒成立,则①,1ln 20,0x ax a x +≤-≥恒成立,即ln 12,x a a x x≤-≤在()0,∞+恒成立.令()ln x h x x =-,()'ln 1x h x x-=,故()h x 在()0,e 上递减,在(),e +∞上递增,故()()1h x h e e ≥=-.所以,由ln 12,x a a x x ≤-≤可得12,0a a e ≤-≤,即12a e ≤-.②,1ln 20,0x ax a x +≥-≤恒成立,即ln 12,x a a x x≥-≥在()0,∞+恒成立,不存在这样的a .③,当0a >时,由于()f x 在()0,∞+上递增,()g x 在()0,∞+上递减,要使()()0f xg x ≤在定义域内恒成立,则需()f x 和()g x 有相同的零点.由ln 2010x ax a x+=⎧⎪⎨-=⎪⎩,解得22,a e x e -==.综上所述,实数a 的取值范围是{2|a a e =或12a e ⎫≤-⎬⎭. 故答案为:{2|a a e =或12a e ⎫≤-⎬⎭【点睛】本小题主要考查不等式恒成立问题的求解策略,考查利用导数研究函数的单调性和最值,考查分类讨论的数学思想方法,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于难题.17.(1)b =(2)3( 【解析】 【分析】(1)结合三角形面积公式和余弦定理,求得tan C 的值,由此求得C 的大小,利用余弦定理列方程求得b 的值.(2)利用正弦定理表示出,b c ,用三角形内角和定理和三角恒等变换求得b c +的取值范围,由此求得a b c ++即三角形ABC 周长的取值范围. 【详解】(1)由条件和三角形的面积公式得2222c c a b +=+=+,即222a b c =+-. 将余弦定理2222a b c abcosC +-=.cosC =,即tanC =,因为(0,)C π∈,所以6C π=将4,6c a C π===,代入2222c a b abcosC =+-,得290b -+=结合条件b c >得b =(2)由正弦定理得2sin sin sin a b cA B C=== 所以()2b c sinB sinC +=+()22233sinB sin B sinB sin B πππ⎡⎡⎤⎛⎫=--+- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎤=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎦+322(6)2sinB cosB B π⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎭==+⎝+ 因为A B C π++=,且3A π=及锐角三角形得0,2B π⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭且20,32B ππ⎛⎫⎛⎫-∈⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭, 所以62B ππ<<,所以2363B πππ<+<,即sin 126B π⎛⎫<+≤ ⎪⎝⎭,所以(3,b c +∈所以周长a b c ++范围是3(+. 【点睛】本小题主要考查正弦定理、余弦定理解三角形,考查三角形的面积公式,考查三角恒等变换,考查运算求解能力,属于中档题.18.(1)证明见解析(2)152⎤⎥⎣⎦【解析】 【分析】(1)利用等腰梯形的性质证得BD CD ⊥,由面面垂直的性质定理证得CD ⊥平面BDEF ,由此证得平面CDE ⊥平面BDEF .(2)建立空间直角坐标系,设出EM 的长,利用直线BD 的方向向量和平面BCM 的法向量,求得BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的表达式,进而求得BD 与平面BCM 所成角正弦值的取值范围. 【详解】在等腰梯形ABCD 中,// ,1AD BC AD AB ==, 60ABC ∠=︒,120,30BAD CDA ADB ∴∠=∠=︒∠=︒,90CDB ∠=︒. 即.BD CD ⊥BD =2BC =.又Q 平面BDEF ⊥平面ABCD ,平面BDEF ⋂平面,ABCD BD CD =⊂平面ABCD ,∴CD ⊥平面BDEF Q CD ⊂平面CDE ,∴平面CDE ⊥平面BDEF(2)解:由(1)知,分别以直线,,DB DC DE 为x 轴,y 轴,z 轴建立空间直角坐标系,设0(EM m m =≤≤,则()(),0,1,0,000),,B C D,((),3,1,0M m BC =-u u u r,(,)0BM m DB ==u u u u r u u u r设平面BMC 的法向量为(),,n x y x =r00n BC n BM ⎧⋅=∴⎨⋅=⎩u u u v v u u u u v v,即(100y m x ⎧+=⎪⎨-+=⎪⎩令x =3,y z m ==,平面BMC的一个法向量为)n m =r.设BD 与平面BCM 所成角为θ,,sin cos n BD θ∴=<>r u u u r,n BD n BD==r u u u r r u u u r g∴当0m =m 时取最大值12故BD 与平面BCM所成角正弦值的取值范围为1,52⎤⎥⎣⎦. 【点睛】本小题主要考查面面垂直的判定定理和性质定理,考查向量法计算线面角正弦值的取值范围,考查空间想象能力和逻辑推理能力,属于中档题. 19.(1)240x y -+=.(2)证明见解析 【解析】 【分析】(1)设出直线AB 的方程,联立直线AB 的方程和抛物线方程,化简后写出韦达定理,利用2AP PB =u u u r u u u r,结合平面向量相等的坐标运算、韦达定理,求得直线AB 的斜率,进而求得直线AB 的方程.(2)由(1)求得11,,A B Q 的坐标,通过计算10BQ PA k k -=,证得1//BQ PA . 【详解】(1)设AB 方程为()20y kx k =+>,()()11221,,,,0A x y B x y x > ,联立方程24 2.x y y kx ⎧=⎨=+⎩,,消去y 得:2480x kx --=,216320k =+>V ,121248x x k x x +=⎧⎨⋅=-⎩①又()1122(),2,,2AP x y PB x y =--=-u u u r u u u r由2AP PB =u u u r u u u r得:122x x =- 代人①解得12k =∴直线AB 的方程为:122y x =+,即240x y -+=. (2)由(1)得,()111122,2,,2(()2),,2x A x B x Q x +--- 114PA k x =-, ()22221221228422BQx x k x x x x x ++==+--()()()122121212211121888422BQ PA x x x x x x k k x x x x x x ++-+-=+=-- ()()()221212212112188022x x x x x x x x x x x x ++===-- 1BQ PA k k ∴=1//PA BQ ∴【点睛】本小题主要考查直线和抛物线的位置关系,考查向量的坐标运算,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,考查运算求解能力,属于中档题.20.(1)单调减区间为(,1)-∞,单调增区间为(1,)+∞.(2)k e >,证明见解析 【解析】 【分析】(1)当1k =时,利用导数求得()f x 的单调区间. (2)先求得()f x 的导函数()()()'1x e x fx kx --=,则()x g x e kx =-有两个不同的零点,且都不是1.对k 分成0,0k k ≤>两种情况分类讨论,利用导数研究()g x 的单调性和零点,由此求得k 的取值范围. 由上述分析可得12301x x x <<=<,利用导数证得312313131ln ln 221x x x x x x x x x -=>=-++,从而证得1 3 22x x x >+.【详解】(1)()32()11232xf x e x x x =--+ ()()() 1x f x e x x '∴=--.令()(),'1xxh x e x h x e =-=-,()'0h x >得0x >,()'0h x <得0x <, ()h x 在(,0)-∞上递减,在(0,)+∞上递增.()()010h x h ∴≥=>即0x e x ->,∴解()'0f x >得1x >,解()'0f x <得1x <,()f x ∴的单调减区间为(,1)-∞,单调增区间为(1,)+∞.(2)()()()()2'21xx x f x ex e kx kx e kx x =-+-+=--,()f x Q 有三个极值点,∴方程0-=x e kx 有两个不等根,且都不是1,令()xg x e kx =-,0k ≤时,()g x 单调递增,()0g x =至多有一根,0k ∴>解()'0g x >得x lnk >,解()'0g x <得x lnk <. ()g x ∴在(n ),l k -∞上递减,在(ln ,)k +∞上递增,()()ln 10,k g lnk e klnk k lnk k e =-=-<>∴此时,()010g =>,()1,10lnk g e k >=-<,x →+∞时()g x →+∞.k e ∴>时,()'0f x =有三个根123,,x x x ,且12301x x x <<=<,由11xe kx =得11x lnk lnx =+,由33x e kx =得33x lnk lnx =+,3131ln ln 1x x x x -∴=-下面证明:313131ln ln 2x x x x x x ->-+,可变形为331311121x x x ln x x x ->+令311x t x =>,()()21ln 1t x t t ϕ-=-+ ()()()()222114011t x t t t t ϕ-'=-=>++,()x ϕ∴在(1)+∞,上递增, ()()10t ϕϕ∴>=∴313131ln ln 21x x x x x x -=>-+,3122.x x x ∴+>本小题主要考查利用导数研究函数的单调性,考查利用导数求解函数极值有关问题,考查利用导数证明不等式,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,考查运算求解能力,属于难题. 21.(1)266分或267分.(2)能获得高薪职位.见解析 【解析】 【分析】(1)利用考试的平均成绩、高分考生的人数,以及题目所给正态分布的参考资料,求得考生成绩X 的分布()~180,832X N ,利用录取率3002000列方程,由此求得最低录取分数线. (2)计算出不低于考生甲的成绩的人数约为200,由此判断出甲能获得高薪职位. 【详解】(1)设考生成绩为X ,则依题意X 应服从正态分布,即()2~180,X N σ.令180X Y σ-=,则()~0,1Y N .由360分及其以上的高分考生30名可得()303602000P X ≥= 即()3036010.9852000P X <=-≈,亦即3601800.985P Y σ-⎛⎫<≈ ⎪⎝⎭.则3601802.17σ-=,解得()83180,832N σ≈∴,, 设最低录取分数线为o x ,则0180300832(0)00o x P X x P Y -⎛⎫≥=≥=⎪⎝⎭ 则018030010.85832000x P Y -⎛⎫<=-≈ ⎪⎝⎭,01801.0483x -∴= 266.32o x ∴≈.即最低录取分数线为266分或267分. (2)考生甲的成绩286267>,所以能被录取.()()286180()286 1.280.9083P X P Y P Y -<=<=<≈, 表明不低于考生甲的成绩的人数约为总人数的10.900.10,20000.1200-=⨯≈, 即考生甲大约排在第200名,排在275名之前,所以他能获得高薪职位.本小题主要考查正态分布在实际生活中的应用,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,考查阅读理解能力,属于中档题.22.(1)33cos 3sin x y θθ=+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数);(2)225120sin 10806πρρθ⎛⎫-++= ⎪⎝⎭【解析】 【分析】(1)已知得,圆心6,3C π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的直角坐标为(C ,3r =,则可求得圆的标准方程;(2)结合(1)得,圆C 的极坐标方程为212sin 276πρρθ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭,再设(),P ρθ,()1,Q ρθ,则1:2:5ρρ=,将152ρρ=代入C 的极坐标方程即可得解. 【详解】(1)由已知得,圆心6,3C π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的直角坐标为(C ,3r =, 所以C 的直角坐标方程为()(2239x y -+-=,所以圆C的参数方程为33cos 3sin x y θθ=+⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩(θ为参数).(2)由(1)得,圆C的极坐标方程为()26cos 270ρρθθ-+=, 即212sin 276πρρθ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭. 设(),P ρθ,()1,Q ρθ,根据:2:3OP PQ =,可得1:2:5ρρ=, 将152ρρ=代入C 的极坐标方程,得225120sin 10806πρρθ⎛⎫-++= ⎪⎝⎭,即动点p 轨迹的极坐标方程为225120sin 10806πρρθ⎛⎫-++= ⎪⎝⎭. 【点睛】本题考查了直角坐标方程、极坐标方程及参数方程的互化,重点考查了运算能力,属基础题. 23.(1)见解析(2)(,3)-∞ 【解析】 【分析】(1)利用零点分段法将()f x 表示为分段函数的形式,由此画出()f x 的图形. (2)将不等式() 1f x a x >-+转化为21 22a x x -++>.利用绝对值不等式求得21 22x x -++的最小值,由此求得a 的取值范围.【详解】(1)根据绝对值的定义,可得()3,112,1213,2x x f x x x x x ⎧⎪-<-⎪⎪=-+-≤≤⎨⎪⎪>⎪⎩所以() y f x =的图象如图所示:(2)() 1f x a x >-+, 即21 22a x x -++>|21 2 2 2122|3x x x x -++≥---=Q ,3a ∴<,即实数a 的取值范围是(,3)-∞.【点睛】本小题主要考查分段函数的图像,考查含有绝对值的不等式恒成立问题的求解,属于基础题.。
洛阳市2019——2020 学年高三一练试卷及答案
洛阳市2019——2020 学年高中三年级第一次统一考试历史试卷本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,全卷共8页,共100分,考试时间为90分钟。
第I卷(选择题,共48分)注意事项:1.答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案,不能答在试题卷上。
3.考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
一、选择题(每题1.5分,共48分)1.有学者认为,西周政治里显然有着浓厚的贵族色彩,而“共主”名义的地方分权体制……与秦以后一统的君主“独制”格局泾渭分明。
据此可知,西周时期A.贵族宗法血缘关系有所松动B.君主对地方的掌控能力有限C.奠定中国大一统的政治基础D.中央集权与地方分权相结合2.春秋战国时期,思想家们突破了西周“天命”、“天道”的观念,无论是孔子的“克己复礼”还是韩非子的“法治”,都把视线从天上转到了人世。
这反映了当时A.社会剧变促使人们抛弃迷信思想B.君权神授的思想受到极大冲击C.时局变动促进了社会文化多元性D.政治意识适应社会变革的现实3.据统计,目前已发现出土于东汉时期的铁犁和牛耕图有50多处,分布在豫、陕、冀、晋、鲁、皖、苏、辽、内蒙、甘、新、川、贵、粤、闽等15个省区。
由此可知,东汉时期A.农业生产力水平提高B.北民南迁推广了农业技术C.牛耕技术已遍及全国D.边疆地区与内地联系密切4.唐代确立了严格的官吏致仕(退休)制度,官吏致仕的法定年龄为七十岁,或“年虽少,形容衰老者,亦听致仕”。
五品以上的官致仕,直接奏皇帝批准,六品以下则由尚书省奏皇帝批准。
这一制度A.有利于官员结构的调整B.打击了士族的垄断地位C.加重了政府的财政负担D.强化了君主集权的制度5.宋朝时期,音乐的教化功能逐渐减弱,庄严、正经的宫廷音乐逐渐让位于市井音乐(类似于流行音乐),通俗化、面向生活的风俗画也成为当时画坛的最大亮点。
河南省洛阳市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次统考(1月)生物试题
洛阳市2019—2020学年高中三年级第一次统一考试生物试卷一、选择题1.下列有关细胞组成成分、结构或功能的叙述,错误的是()A. 糖蛋白、糖脂、甲胎蛋白都可能是细胞膜上的成分B. 真核细胞内有的蛋白质可以与DNA或RNA分子结合C. 高尔基体形成的囊泡内包含的物质成分均为蛋白质D. 溶酶体内含有的水解酶与细胞凋亡有密切关系2.下列关于绿色植物光合作用的叙述,正确的是()A. 光合作用过程使光能转变为ATP进而转变为糖类等有机物B. 光反应阶段在有光时进行,暗反应阶段在无光时才能进行C. 用蒸馏水对植物进行水培,植物光合作用强度会受到影响D. 给植物光合作用提供H2l8O,则在空气的CO2中检测不到18O3.莴苣种子的萌发受光照的影响,下表是交替暴露在红光和远红光下莴苣种子的萌发率(2℃下,连续lmin 的红光和4min的远红光照射,R—红光,FR—远红光)。
下列说法正确的是()A. 该实验可以说明光是莴苣种子萌发的必要条件B. 莴苣种子萌发率的高低取决于最后一次曝光的光波长C. 莴苣种子在远红光下萌发率高,红光下萌发率低D. 延长相同方式的光照处理时间,可以提高莴苣种子的萌发率4.根据孟德尔的遗传定律,判断下列表述中正确的是()A. 隐性性状是指生物体不能表现出来的性状B. 基因的自由组合发生在合子形成的过程中C. 表现型相同的生物,基因型一定相同D. 控制不同性状的基因的遗传互不干扰5.下列关于生物变异的说法,错误的是()A. 基因突变即基因的碱基数目或排列顺序发生改变B. 雄蜂的—个精原细胞进行减数分裂可产生2个正常精子C. 联会时的交叉互换,实现了染色体上等位基因的重新组合D. 果蝇棒状眼的形成是染色体某一片段增加引起的6.生物进化是指一切生命形态发生、发展的演变过程,下列叙述正确的是()A. 在稳定的环境中生物不会发生进化,更不会形成新物种B. 突变和基因重组只通过有性生殖为生物进化提供原材料C. 存在捕食关系的两种生物共同进化对被捕食者是有利的D. 二倍体马和二倍体驴杂交产生的二倍体骡子属于新物种7.下列有关激素的说法,正确的是()A. 激素都是由内分泌器官或细胞分泌的B. 激素都随体液运输作用于靶器官、靶细胞,C. 激素都能调节靶细胞的代谢速率,使其加快D. 激素都是微量、高效的有机物8.下列关于人类免疫活动的说法,正确的是()A. 人类特异性免疫的作用远远大于非特异性免疫的作用B. 病毒侵入机体细胞后只要靠细胞免疫就能被消灭清除C. 过敏原第二次进入机体能引发更强的特异性免疫反应D. T细胞和B细胞增殖分化形成的细胞都有识别相应抗原的能力9.下列生产实践措施不是利用生态系统中信息传递的是()A. 利用音响设备发出不同声音信号来诱捕或驱赶某些动物B. 通过控制日照时间长短来调控植物开花时间C. 利用昆虫信息素诱捕或警示有害动物D. 通过给黄麻喷洒—定浓度的赤霉索溶液来提高其产量10.如图所示,将对称叶片左侧遮光,右侧曝光,并采用适当的方法阻止两部分之间的物质转移。
2019-2020学年洛阳市第三中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年洛阳市第三中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACome and enjoy Vivaldi's TheFour Seasonsperformed by live musicians!Tickets△Zone A Sating (Excellent Visibility, $75)△Zone B Seating (Great Visibility, $60)△Zone C Seating (Good Visibility, $45)△Zone D Seating (Restricted Visibility, 30)Zone A and Zone B audiences will get the chance to take pictures with the performers on the stage after the show.Highlights* A beautiful venue bathed in candlelight.*Classical music performance by the Angel Strings quartet*A safe and socially-distanced event, ensuring you are comfortable and at ease.General Info*Dates and times: Various dates, at 6:30 pm and 8:30 pm (select during purchase).*How long: 65 minutes. Doors open 45 minutes before the start time. We recommend you arrive at least 30 minutes before the start of the event, as late entry is not permitted.*Where: Events on Oxlade*Age requirement: Must be 8 years old or older to attend. Anyone under the age of 16 must be accompanied by an adult.*Please note: The 6:30 pm seating will take place during daylight hours outdoors, and the space will not be that dark. In the case of rain, the event will be moved to the indoor area of the venue.DescriptionWhether you're looking for a beautifully unique classical music performance or a romantic candlelit experience, this performance is for you. You don't need to know all things about Vivaldi to enjoy the evening; simply sit back and admire the wonderful atmosphere and the pieces you'll hear.Join our musicians for an evening under the stars, and prepare to be taken into the clouds with Vivaldi' s most treasured masterpieces!1.What can someone with a $45 ticket do?A.Perform on the stage.B.Enjoy good visibility.C.Select a seat in Zone B.D.Take photos with the musicians.2.What should potential audiences keep in mind?A.Arrive at the venue on time.B.Learn about Vivaldi in advance.C.The performance lasts 45 minutes.D.The event will be canceled if it rains.3.What do we know about the 8:30 p.m. performance?A.It welcomes children under the age of 8.B.Its performers differ on different dates.C.Its stage will be decorated with candles.D.It will be shown in the indoor area of the venue.BThe race skywards began inAmerica. In the late1800s, industrialization had driven urban populations and land prices up, making tall buildings increasingly cost-effective, according to Carol Willis, director of theSkyscraperMuseuminNew York, “The very first tall buildings were office buildings that concentrated a work force, piled one on top of the other in order to make business very efficient, ”she says.Like all major changes in architecture, the trend wasunderpinnedby engineering. The development of steel framework, which could be used instead of load-bearing stones, made it easier and cheaper to build tall. The coming of the elevator, meanwhile, made living on higher floors far more convenient.Though similar in shape, today's skyscrapers (摩天大楼) look little like those built in the first half of the 20thcentury. This is mostly thanks to architecture's next major technological shift:the curtain wall.Postwar developments in manufacturing meant that huge panes of glass could be produced quickly and uniformly, and glass windows soon became the front of choice for high-rises. As well as allowing for greater floor space and more natural light, glass exteriors (外部) help. buildings resist greater windloads.There are now 191 completed skyscrapers that are at least 300 meters tall. But that doesn't mean our cities will grow taller indefinitely. While each additional story adds sellable floor space, construction costs also rise. All buildings reach a point where adding an extra floor will cost more money than it brings.“Every city wants to have this landmark that gives that sense of distinct culture, ”but it also needs places forpeople to live and work in urban settings“without the city sprawling (无序扩张), ”explains Hong Kong architect Simon Chan.The next big challenge facing architects goes beyond height:At a time when buildings and their construction account for more than a third of the world's energy consumption and contribute about 40% of greenhouse gas emissions(排放), there are new costs to consider.Whether it's employing more energy-efficient materials, encouraging natural air or using buildings themselves to generate solar or wind energy, reducing carbon emissions is the new frontier for many skyscraper architects.4. What does the underlined word“underpinned” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Created.B. Prepared.C. Suggested.D. Supported.5. What made living on higher floors much more convenient?A. The development of steel framework.B. Load-bearing stones.C. The use of the elevator.D. The curtain wall.6. What can we know from paragraph 5?A. Our cities will grow taller definitely.B. All skyscrapers are at least 300 meters tall.C. Construction cost rises as the stories increase.D. The profit for builders will be greater as the building becomes higher.7. What's the next big challenge facing architects?A. How to build the greenest building.B. How to build the strongest building.C. How to build the tallest building in the world.D. How to build the most comfortable building.CThe health benefits of staying active are already well-known. It can help you manage weight, keep blood sugar levels down and reduce risk factors for heart disease.Now, a new study suggests that regularly playing sports, especially badminton or tennis, is not only healthy but also reduces your risk of death, at any age, by approximately 50%. This is a big scale population study to explore the health benefits of sports in terms of death rate. The study evaluated responses from 80, 306 adultsaged 30 and above inEnglandandScotland, who were surveyed about their health, lifestyle and exercise patterns.After adjusting factors such as age, sex, weight, smoking habits, alcohol use, education and other forms of exercise besidesthe named sports, the researchers compared the risk of death among people who took part in a sport to those who didn’t. The percentage of reduced risk of death was found to be: 47% for racket(球拍)sports, 28% for swimming and 15% for cycling.In addition to this, the study didn’t find any significant reduction in the risk for sports like running and football. The findings also exposed that over 44% of the participants met the guidelines for the recommended exercise levels to stay fit and healthy, which amounts to 150 minutes of moderate(适度的) physical activity in a week.Does this mean you stop running or playing football and switch to tennis instead? Every kind of sport and physical activity has different physical, social and mental benefits attached to it. The apparent lack of benefits of running and football could result from several variables that were not taken into account.Being active helps you feel happier and live longer. So, the most important step is to take part in any kind of sport that you are likely to enjoy and follow in the long term.8. How is the study conducted?A. By doing comparative experiments.B. By analyzing previous data.C. By evaluating survey information.D. By tracking participants for a long time.9. What does the underlined part “the named sports” refer to?A. Ball sports.B. Racket sports.C. Individual sports.D. Traditional sports.10. What can we infer from paragraph 5?A. Few people will play football.B. Tennis will become more popular.C. The result of this study is wrong.D. The study needs to be further improved.11. What does the author advise people to do?A. Stick to any sport that you like.B. Play badminton and tennis only.C. Stop running and playing football.D. Do any sport according to guidelines.DA PhD student inMichigandefended her paper while wearing a skirt madeof rejection letters she received while studying. 29-year-old Caitlin Kirby printed out 17 of her rejection letters — from scholarships, academic journals, and conferences — then folded each one into a fan. She connected them in rows, and by the end shedesigned the item into a skirt and wore it.She said that the idea behind her unique clothing item came out of a desire to normalize rejection and take pride in overcoming it. "The whole process of revisiting those old letters and making that skirt sort of reminded me that you have to apply to a lot of things to succeed," she said. "A natural part of the process is to get rejected along the way."Caitlin's adviser, Julie Libarkin, a professor of earth and environmental science atMichiganStateUniversity, also encourages the acceptance of failure in her students. Libarkin believes it's important for students to get into habit of applying for things, and to get used to the feeling of rejection, so she encourages them to chase after any opportunity that comes their way. If a student doesn't get the grant or the spot in the academic journal, that's okay. They'll still have learned something in the process.As for Caitlin? Her rejections over the years have led to great things: Since her doctorate, she's won a scholarship to do further research on urban agriculture inGermany.Currently, she's a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. As for what the future holds? "I'm prepared to receive a few more rejection letters along the way," she joked heartily, "Maybe I'll make a longer skirt."12. What can we learn about Caitlin Kirby's rejection letters?A. She received 17 rejections in total.B. 29 of her rejections were from journals.C. The rejections were connected into a fan.D. She made some rejection letters into a skirt.13. What is Julie Libarkin's attitude towards Caitlin's action?A. Favorable.B. Ambiguous.C. Skeptical.D. Opposed.14. Which of the following words can best describe Catlin?A. Creative and considerate.B. Caring and determined.C. Optimistic and humorous.D. Generous and intelligent.15. Which of the following may Caitlin agree with?A. Hard work pays off.B. Education is the entrance to success.C. Self-respect earns more respect.D. One needs to normalize failures.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年洛阳市新安县第一高级中学高三英语一模试题及答案
2019-2020学年洛阳市新安县第一高级中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASahara Marathon 2021-Around the WorldThe Sahara Marathon is organized by the Saharawi Ministry of Youth and Sports and a group of volunteers from different countries. During the last twenty years, thousands of runners from all continents have traveled to the Algerian desert to live the experience provided by this race and to bond with refugee families. In this unique edition of 2021, the experience will be different. The race will be held in a virtual way and the donations collected through the event will go to the most needy families in the Saharawi Camps of Tindouf.Rules of the 2021 Sahara MarathonParticipationAll those people over 16 years of age (16 included) may take part in this virtual competition, as long as they are correctly registered, both in time and in form. The registered runner must download the Official Sahara Marathon APP to take the race.Distance and TravelThe distance options selectable in the APP are: 5k, 10k, 21k and 42k. As it is a virtual test, it is very important to make sure that the chosen route allows good mobile coverage for the correct functioning of the GPS. RegistrationRegistration has a cost of 15 euros, which includes participation in the race and a donation of 5 euros to refugee families. Participants can, if they choose, purchase the official pack of the test (T-shirt, scar, and bib) for the price of 25 euros.AcceptanceRegistration is personal and non-transferable and implies acceptance of these regulations. Runners who are not registered or run without the APP will not be admitted.1. What can we learn about the 2021 Sahara Marathon?A. It is a big family event.B. It provides a virtual tour.C. It raises money for charity.D. It will be held in the desert.2. How much should a runner pay if he wants to register for the race?A. 15 euros.B. 20 euros.C. 25 euros.D. 40 euros.3. What are runners required to do in the race?A. Choose safe routes.B. Wear casual clothes.C. Run with the official app.D. Transfer registration in time.BDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon head and tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat team GoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals. As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.4. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward5. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness6. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings7. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat raceCThere are many useful things we can do each day to feel better. It may take some efforts and time to make a habit of drinking 8 glasses of water daily or thinking more positively, but it is well worth it. What things do you do every day to feel better?Probably the healthiest thing you can do to feel better each day is to exercise early in the morning. You don't have to run the whole morning or spend a few hours in the gym. Even doing some easy exercise like walking, sit-ups or jumping the rope will help you feel better in no time!Again, due to our busy schedules, we don't get enough sleep each night. If you have trouble falling asleep, avoid watching TV or surfing the Internet right before bed. Also, try to make healthy bedtime snack choices and don't drink tea or coffee too late in the day.If you drink 3 glasses of water, 4 glasses of coffee or tea and a glass of soda each day and think that you drink enough water, think again. Your body needs water (not coffee or soda!) to function properly. Aiming to drink 7-8 glasses of water each day can make you feel better.Being positive is the key to a longer life. Positive thoughts can help improve your overall heath. Life is full of stressful situations and it's hard to stay cheerful when everything goes wrong, but your positive attitude can help you solve any problem and fight any stress faster and easier. Your positive attitude is especially good for your heart health. Smile, stay positive and live a longer life!8. In the author's opinion which can benefit us most in order that we feel better?A. Sleeping enough.B. Drinking enough water.C. Thinking more positively.D. Taking morning exercise.9. Which of the following agrees with what is said in Paragraph 3?A. Drinking tea or coffee makes us sleep less.B. Drinking tea before bed makes it harder to fall asleep.C. Watching TV or surfing the Internet leads to less sleep.D. Our busy schedules cause more difficulty in falling asleep.10. Why is water necessary to our body?A. Because it can make us feel better.B. Because it can have our body work smoothly.C. Because in can do more good to our body thancoffee.D. Because it can hep avoid feeling thirsty.11. What do we need most when everything goes wrong?A. Thinking positively.B. Thinking out wise ways.C. Having a right attitude.D. Staying cheerful.DNew research has shown that loneliness may affect ants to a greater extent than many other living creatures.It has long been known that loneliness can lead to a shorter life. In humans, it has even been found to be a driver of high blood pressure, sleep disorder, and depression that’s independent of factors like age, race, gender, weight and economic status.However, loneliness has never been identified as a factor that can cut human lifespan by more than a small part of the average. Ants, on the other hand, appear to be far more sensitive to this stress, with loneliness leading to a surprising 91 percent reduction in lifespan.That’s at least according to a study that details how “lonely” ants only live up to six days on average. Ants living in a community, on the other hand, were found to live up to about 66 days.In a series of experiments where ants were picked from their colonies (群体) and separated, they were found to continuously walk without rest,consuming far more energy than they could ever.The reason for the behavior is that an isolated ant is simple trying to get back to its colony at all costs, and doesn’t know what to do without its nest mates. After all, many entomologists (昆虫学家) would argue that an ant colony is far more a single living entity (实体) than its members.If you were to take a single part from a clock, it would simply move aimlessly as well, running without a purpose. However, while there is a difference between aimlessness and loneliness, the researchers found that the latter affects lonely ants more directly.The study indicated that ants can’t even eat alone, as they normally collect some of the food they gather in the field in a specialized organ called a crop.This crop is normally shared with other ants back at a nest,but as for a single ant, it simply just sits there, undigested and useless.12. How does loneliness influence a person?A. It can make him very tired of himself.B. It can leave him in conflict with others.C. It can lead to him being very independent.D. It can cause him to suffer from poor health13. What can be learned from the experiments?A. Most ants can live about 6 days on average.B. Lonely ants can become very restless.C. Human beings are similar to ants in some way.D. Lonely ants seem to be violent and impatient.14. Why does an isolated ant walk non-stop?A. It attempts to return to its colony.B. It wants to attract other ants to form a colony.C. It hopes to make signals to its mates.D. It has to find more food to survive.15. The author mentioned a clock in the passage_________.A. to show ants have a biological clock in the head.B. to prove ants are a well-regulated community.C. to stress ants are really highly social animals.D. to compare aimlessness with loneliness.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年洛阳市实验中学高三语文第一次联考试卷及答案
2019-2020学年洛阳市实验中学高三语文第一次联考试卷及答案一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:“煤改电”工程收官。
北京平原地区基本实现“无煤化”。
截至今年10月底,北京已完成2279个村庄、85.81万户的“煤改清洁能源”任务,其中“煤改电”村庄占比八成,“煤改气”村庄占比两成。
天津市坚持统筹兼顾温暖过冬与清洁取暖,因地制宜确定改造技术路线,今年新增20.6万户农村居民散煤清洁能源替代。
对未实施清洁取暖的,做好无烟型煤招标、生产、供应工作,确保无烟型煤替代全覆盖。
与此同时,天津突出抓好煤质监管,监督煤炭经营企业建立购销台账,禁止销售不符合天津煤炭经营使用地方质量标准的劣质煤。
今年年底前实现散煤实际经营户清零。
天津市环保局大气处处长杨勇介绍,2 017年天津已实现城市居民散煤清零,2019年将实现除山区外全市散煤清零。
河北省委常委会明确提出,持续用力治理农村散煤,积极稳妥推进“气代煤”“电代煤”工程,严格督查考核问责,打赢打好冬季清洁取暖硬仗。
“以前,我家里取暖都是用燃煤锅炉,夜里那么冷,至少得起床两三次去添煤;现在用天然气取暖,只需用按钮设定好温度。
屋子里就一直很暖和,既方便又干净。
”河北廊坊市香河县东太平庄村村民王文忠告诉记者,“政府每年还给我们取暖补贴,每立方米天然气补贴1元钱,算下来花费反而少了!”清洁取暖成效几何,天然气供应问题至关重要。
京津冀都将天然气保供摆在突出位置,多措并举,抓紧抓实。
在国家发展改革委11月15日举行的新闻发布会上,新闻发言人孟玮的话让大家心里有了底:“目前已落实的资源量能够足额保障民生用气需求。
”同时,国家发改委将加强价格监测,切实维护民生用气价格稳定。
(摘编自《京津清洁取暖再加力》,2018午11月25日,《人民日报》)材料二:清洁取暖是热点,农村清洁取暖是难点。
因此,中国工程院院士、清华大学教授倪维斗提出“六个合适”原则,即把合适的能源放在合适的地方,在合适的时代、合适的系统中和其他能源合适的配合,最终发挥合适的作用。
2019-2020学年洛阳佳林学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年洛阳佳林学校高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThere are different types of money-saving apps, such as JD Finance, Yu’E Bao, Ant Financial, and all of them work in different ways. Here are 3 of the best apps that can help you save much money.Capital One ShoppingCapital One Shopping can compare prices automatically as you shop online. As you add items to your cart at an online seller, this app will search the web for better deals and coupon codes(优惠码). You can follow the links to other sellers offering a better price and use the available codes tosave. You can even use this app while shopping at physical shops.ParibusThere’s nothing more upsetting than buying something and then seeing it for sale at a lower price a few days later. Wouldn’t it be nice to get that money back? Now you can. Paribus helps you get money back by tracking your purchases from major stores and discussing refunds. It also helps you get compensated (补偿) for late deliveries and makes sure you don’t leave it too late to return anything you bought.DigitIf you can’t figure out how much you can afford to save, Digit will analyze your spending habits and spare a certain amount to your savings. If the appknows you have spare money to save, then it will be moved automatically, and if you don’t, it will stop, so there’s no risk of being left with no cash for the basics. You can sign up for a free trial for a month, and after that, the monthly service charge is $5.1. If you want your money back, what app will you choose?A. Digit.B. Paribus.C. Yu’E Bao.D. Capital One Shopping.2. What can you do by using Digit?A. Offer the most favorable price.B. Track detailed information of goods.C. Analyze spending habits to save money.D. Compare prices of products while shopping.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To introduce useful apps for saving money.B. To advertise various products online.C. To improve the power of spending.D. To help to manage spare money.BIf you have ever been disappointed because you don’t have a good gardener ,the clever robot may one day become the helper of your indoor plantsThe Hexa Plant is a six-legged robot that has been specially made to care for the potted plant that carries on top of its head .Using light and heats sensors (传感器) the robot has the ability to carry its plant in and out the daylight .If the houseplant needs more sun,the Hexa will walk into the sunlight ;and if the houseplant is getting too hot , the Hexa will go back into the area that blocks direct light The Hexa Plant will even do a little dance when it senses that the plant needs to be watered to warn its owner .The robot was developed by Vincross engineer and founder Sun Tianqi after he saw a dead sunflower sitting in the darkness in a room back in 2014 .” Plants only receive an action without responding ,”SunTianqi wrote in a blog post .” Whether they are being cut ,bitten ,burned or pulled from the earth ,or when they haven’t received enough sunshine ,water ,or are too hot or cold ,they will hold still and take whatever is happening to them .According to Sun Tianqi ,for billions of years ,plants have never experienced movement of any kind ,not even the simplest movement .In their whole lives ,they stick to where they were born .Sun Tianqi continued ,” Do they want break their own settings or have a tendency towards this ?I do not know the answer ,but would love to try to share some of this human tendency and technology with plants With the help of the robot ,plants can experience the move”.The Hexa Plant model robots are not for sale ,though Vincross does sell a Hexa robot model .It is said that in the near future the robots can open up a new market to watch over our household plants4. What can we learn about the Hexa Plant?A. It helps people do some gardening .B. It waters the plants through dancingC. It helps indoor plants get proper sunlightD. It carries the potted plant with its hands5. What does the author try to show through Paragraph 3?A. The way plants spend their whole livesB. The common way people deal with plantsC. The difference between plants and humansD. The cause of making the indoor plants’ helper.6. What does Sun Tianqi try do using this technology?A. To develop gardening skills.B. To draw people’s attention plantsC. make plants experience moveD. study the living conditions of plants7. What can be the best title for the text?A. A New Market for robotsB. An Indoor Plants’ HelperC. An Important Development in GardeningD The Tendency of Gardening in the FutureCJoshua Nelson, 18, fromMissouri, is graduating fromSt. CharlesWestHigh Schoolthis week and will be attendingSoutheastMissouriStatein the fall. He had saved upmoney to pay for his tuition, but when he received the college's President's Scholarship, he decided to take his savings and donate it to other students in need.“It comes from my family education and faith," Nelson said. "I've always lived by strong principles as far as being a cheerful giver andhaving an open handwhen it comes to giving back so I feel like that really motivated me.”SEMO's President's Scholarship is the school’s most celebrated, and is only awarded to five top students annually. Nelsonsaid he sat down and outlined how a scholarship could work to help future students who need financial assistance for college. Originally the plan was to give away $ 1,000 the one time, but then he met up with his counselor (顾问), Yolanda Curry, to work outa game plan.“I wasn't expecting it at all!” Curry said. "He told me he had a great idea and wanted to share it with me. I could tell he was really excited.Nelson, in association with his high school, set up the Joshua Nelson Leaders In Action Scholarship fund. Each year, $1,000 will be awarded to a senior. The money will come from donations, of which there have been $16,000 so far — for a total of $17,435 at last count, according to the school. With the money already in the fund, there's enough to give out a scholarship each year for over a decade. The first scholarship was awarded on June 1 toDarrell Montalvo-Luna. As the first recipient, his scholarship was $2,000.“Joshua has the heart of a servant leader. He leads by example and he's genuinely excited when good things happen for other people," Curry said. "He's an encouragement — he's good at building others up and does what he can to help encourage and motivate those around.8. What did Nelson's initial donation come from?A. His scholarship.B. His savings.C. His pocket money.D. His wages.9. What does the underlined phrase "having an open hand" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Ambitious.B. Courageous.C. Generous.D. Cautious.10. How did Curry feel when hearing Nelson's idea?A. Shocked.B. Confused.C. Excited.D. Delighted.11. What can be inferred about the Joshua Nelson Leaders In Action Scholarship fund?A. It never supports high school students.B. It was set up more than ten years ago.C. It was founded by Nelson and Curry.D. It is going very smoothly.DAccording to a survey, the wasteof food on the dining table occupies 10% of the total grain output.Last week, Meituan, a giant online food ordering platform, co-published a proposal with a number of business organizations, calling on restaurants to stop food waste and help develop new eating habits for customers. Following the proposal, merchants are asked to offer guidance for consumers, including reminding them during the ordering process about the taste of the ingredients, portion sizes and other information about the dishes, to helpthem avoid excessive ordering and food waste.Catering(餐饮)associations in more than 18 provinces have also joined the campaign to remove food waste. The Wuhan Catering Association proposed an “NT" ordering code for restaurants in which a group of 10 diners would only order enough for nine people. More food is only brought to the table if required. On Friday, the China Cuisine Association announced that it had teamed up with Ele. me, the Alibaba Group Holding-owned food delivery platform, to launch a "half-dish plan," encouraging restaurants to provide customers with the option toorder smaller portions.Tang Zhisong, a professor at Southwest University Education School, said "Evaluating how much you can eat, how much you should buy and how to deal with the leftover is a way for young people to improve their self-management. It's also a means to teach them sharing food, caring about others, and more importantly, developing a mindset of suitability. "12. What's the purpose of the proposal mentioned in the passage?A. To change customers' attitude toward life.B. To promote a new policy on food delivery.C. To spread the idea of healthy eating.D. To encourage restaurants to reduce food waste.13. What does the underlined word “excessive" in Paragraph 2 prolably mean?A. More than enough.B. Less than required.C. Better than ever.D. Worse than before.14. Paragraph 3 is mainly developed by.A. offering analysesB. presenting a surveyC. giving examplesD. making comparisons15. What do Tang's words suggest?A. Sharing food is caring about others.B. Young people should have self-discipline.C. Reducing food waste has all-round benefits.D Saving food contributes to a sustainable society.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
【语文】【高三】河南省洛阳市2019届高三上学期第一次统一考试 语文(扫描版)
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洛阳市2019——2020 学年高中三年级第一次统一考试历史试卷本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,全卷共8页,共100分,考试时间为90分钟。
第I卷(选择题,共48分)注意事项:1.答第I卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案,不能答在试题卷上。
3.考试结束后,将答题卡交回。
一、选择题(每题1.5分,共48分)1.有学者认为,西周政治里显然有着浓厚的贵族色彩,而“共主”名义的地方分权体制……与秦以后一统的君主“独制”格局泾渭分明。
据此可知,西周时期A.贵族宗法血缘关系有所松动B.君主对地方的掌控能力有限C.奠定中国大一统的政治基础D.中央集权与地方分权相结合2.春秋战国时期,思想家们突破了西周“天命”、“天道”的观念,无论是孔子的“克己复礼”还是韩非子的“法治”,都把视线从天上转到了人世。
这反映了当时A.社会剧变促使人们抛弃迷信思想B.君权神授的思想受到极大冲击C.时局变动促进了社会文化多元性D.政治意识适应社会变革的现实3.据统计,目前已发现出土于东汉时期的铁犁和牛耕图有50多处,分布在豫、陕、冀、晋、鲁、皖、苏、辽、内蒙、甘、新、川、贵、粤、闽等15个省区。
由此可知,东汉时期A.农业生产力水平提高B.北民南迁推广了农业技术C.牛耕技术已遍及全国D.边疆地区与内地联系密切4.唐代确立了严格的官吏致仕(退休)制度,官吏致仕的法定年龄为七十岁,或“年虽少,形容衰老者,亦听致仕”。
五品以上的官致仕,直接奏皇帝批准,六品以下则由尚书省奏皇帝批准。
这一制度A.有利于官员结构的调整B.打击了士族的垄断地位C.加重了政府的财政负担D.强化了君主集权的制度5.宋朝时期,音乐的教化功能逐渐减弱,庄严、正经的宫廷音乐逐渐让位于市井音乐(类似于流行音乐),通俗化、面向生活的风俗画也成为当时画坛的最大亮点。
这反映了宋代A.世俗价值观成为社会的主流B.文化发展日趋平民化C.理学兴起丰富了艺术的内涵D.艺术形式日益多样化6.明清统治者实行朝贡贸易,“凡贡使至,必厚待其人”,对他们携带的货物,“皆倍偿其价”。
同时规定:人民不得擅自出海与外国互市,对外贸易只能在官方主持下进行。
他们的这些做法A.意在追求经济利益的最大化B.适应了近代国际贸易的需要C.确保对外贸易中的优势地位D.受当时政治经济思想的影响7.据史料记载,自19世纪50年代始,上海茶叶出口数量大多保持在5000万磅以上,较之1845年增长了10余倍。
19 世纪60年代,中国茶叶出口有增无减,1867年中国供给了欧美国家茶叶消费总量的约90%。
这表明中国A.茶叶物美价廉受欧美欢迎B.当时经济结构发生重大变化C.与国际市场联系日益紧密D.农副产品的商品化开始出现8.1895年,《中外纪闻》成为强学会机关报,内容首为阁抄,余依次为选登英国路透社新闻电讯,选译《泰晤士报》等外国报纸的消息、评论;选录津、沪、港、粵等地报纸的新闻、言论,摘编“西国格致有用诸书”,最后附有梁启超等人的编者按和论说。
据此可知,该报刊的创办旨在A.引导人们开始关注国际局势变化B.宣传维新思想促进人民觉醒C.激励人们革命推翻清王朝的统治D.宣传民主科学启发国民自觉9.1902年7月,上海《中外日报》登载了一则征婚广告。
在征婚广告中,男方希望女方一要天足;二要通晓中西学术门径;三聘娶仪节悉照文明通例,尽除中国旧有之陋俗。
这表明当时A.婚烟自主习俗成为社会主流B.简约文明的结婚仪式受民众推崇C.个性化的征婚方式开始出现D.社会习俗受到西方民主思想影响10. 1909年,广东省咨议局(清政府为预备立宪而设立的地方咨议机关)首次进行议员选举,广州府合格选民共1600余人,真正投了票的仅有399人。
该府各属计设85个投票所,其中有一所得16票,算是较多的,有60处仅有一票。
由此可知,当时A.预备立宪违背潮流B.南方革命思想宣传深人C.清朝统治日益孤立D.政治改革缺乏群众基础11.南京国民政府成立后,相继颁布了《奖励工艺品暂行条例》、《华侨回国兴办实业奖励法》、《工业奖励法》等文件,同时邀请蔡元培、马寅初分别担任监察院长、立法院财政委员会委员长。
这表明南京国民政府A.扫除民族工业发展的障碍B.强化了对经济的干预管理C.调整国民经济发展的格局D.积极扶持民族工业的发展12.抗战时期,敌后根据地根据普遍、直接、平等、无记名的原则进行选举,选出的议员中,既有共产党员和工农群众,也有不少开明的地主、士绅和国民党员。
这些做法A.开创了政治协商民主的新形式B.适应了全民族抗战的需要C.缓和了根据地严峻的经济形势D.动摇了根据地的政治基础13. 1948年,中共中央在纪念“五一”国际劳动节时提出“各民主党派、、各人民团体、各社会贤达迅速召开政治协商会议,讨论并实现召集人民代表大会,成立民主联合政府”的口号,得到了各民主党派的热烈响应。
这表明A.解放战争决战时机成熟B.中共组建联合政府的条件成熟C.国民党的统治日益孤立D.民主协商建国的雏形已经初现14.建国初期国家公布了《关于改革学制的决定》,把技术学校、专科学校列人正规的学校教育系统。
同时对高等学校的院系也进行了调整,特别是加强了高等工业院校。
这一学制的调整A.确保了教育的社会主义方向B.构建了完整的国民教育体系C.适应了国家经济建设的需要D.推动了教育的全面改革完善15.改革开放初期,私营企业在发展过程中往往挂靠国有、集体企业,戴上“红帽子”经营。
1992 年后,挂靠的企业通过明确产权,重新注册为私营企业。
这一变化说明我国A.国家经济结构调整成效突出B.市场经济体制已经建立C.私营企业已与世界经济接轨D.经济体制发生重大变化16.下表为1998—2002年我国私营、国有和外资企业工业产值的比较。
这三种类型企业产值B.国营经济失去主导地位C.社会主义商品市场体系形成D.私营企业发展比较缓慢17.公元前七世纪末至公元前六世纪初,雅典旧氏族贵族专权,工商业阶层有财无权,普通民众一不小心就沦为债务奴隶,社会矛盾十分尖锐。
为缓和矛盾,雅典A.确立了十将军委员会B.按财产多寡调整权利分配C.设立了五百人议事会D.以地区部落单位进行选举18.古希腊历史学家色诺芬(约公元前430年至前354年)曾这样告诚参加公民大会的公民:相信你们自己,别相信他人;你们既不要听信我,也别听信他人;你们应该依靠你们的全部知识来判断是与非。
这反映出当时A.公民大会成为最高权力机构B.雅典公民崇尚理性知识已蔚然成风C.公民行使民主权利不受干扰D.有识之士已认识到民主制的局限性19.斯多葛派对于罗马法的贡献,“并不在于他们提供给罗马法的特殊论点的数量,而在于他们给予它的单一的基本假设”。
这个基本假设就是:人是生而平等的,每个人都有追求生命、自由、财产和幸福的自然权利。
由此可知,罗马法A.以自然法精神为基础B.不断自我调整以适应时代需要C.受希腊人文精神影响D.法律渊源主要来自于斯多葛派20.文艺复兴时期的意大利,人们对艺术需求的日益广泛且多样化,使艺术作品无论是数量还是种类都远远超过中世纪。
这主要是由于A.城市商品经济的发展B.人文主义思想的推动C.古典文化艺术的继承D.宗教神学权威的丧失21.法国的思想家托克维尔说:“当我目睹绝对命令的权利和手段赋予任何力量时……无论它被称为人民还是国王,无论它被称为贵族政体还是民主政体.我都会说,它播下了暴政的种子。
”托克维尔意在指出A.任何政体都无法实现民主B.要对绝对的权力进行限制C.宪政的理论只是一种空想D.专制统治产生的理论渊源22. 16世纪以前,西欧物价在数百年内一直是比较稳定的。
但到16世纪末,西班牙的物价比16世纪初平均上涨了4.2倍,法国、英国、意大利、荷兰等高了2倍多。
这一变化A.导致世界贸易中心发生改变B.巩固了西班牙的霸主地位C.加速了西欧的资本原始积累D.阻碍了东西方的经济交流23. 18世纪,空想社会主义者只是开始对社会主义进行理论探讨和论证,到19世纪三四十年代,空想社会主义者则把批判矛头直接对准资本主义制度。
这一现象出现的重要原因在于A.资本主义的弊端日益暴露B.社会阶级结构的重大变化C.工人阶级已登上政治舞台D.人们对理性王国普遍失望B.资本主义世界市场初步形成C.自由贸易政策促进了英国对外贸易D. 英国工业水平居于世界一流25.从1802年到1878年间.英国议会先后颁布了20多个工厂法,在这些法令中对童工的最低雇用年龄、每天的劳动时间、工作的环境以及接受一定的教育等都作了明文规定。
1870年《教育法)的颁布,宣告了英国大规模雇佣童工劳动问题得到了基本解决。
英国童工问题的解决A.反映了议会民主制度的完善B.依赖于工业革命的深人发展C.是工人阶级长期斗争的结果D.反映了阶级矛盾的日趋缓和26.1887年,法国右翼势力代表人物布朗热,利用国内因发生经济危机而引发的民众对政府的不满情绪,发动了一场旨在推翻法兰西第三共和国,建独裁政权的政治运动。
但是在1889年的众议院大选中,共和派仍获得了366个席位,保守派仅获得168 个席位。
这场运动最终瓦解。
这表明法国当时A.共和派与君主派的斗争激烈B.经济危机对社会破坏严重C.封建残余势力依然十分顽固D.共和政体得到进一步巩固27.1921年5月,苏维埃政府颁布法令:“允许自由交换、买卖农民缴纳实物税之后剩余的农产品。
”但是自由贸易(包括小工业和手工业)限于“地方流转”;允许产品交换,交换主要由政府组织或由政府监督。
这些做法A.打击了小生产者的积极性B.有利于苏俄经济的恢复发展C.体现了战时共产主义政策D.说明新经济政策具有局限性28. 1945年9月22日,美国公布了《初期对日方针》,指出占领日本的两个最终目的:一是保证日本不再成为美国乃至世界和平与安全的威胁;二是最终建立一个和平的、负责任的日本政府。
为实现这两个目标,美国采取的手段之一就是“日本解除武装且实行非军事化”。
战后日本的非军事化A.体现了美国的霸权政策B.提高了日本的国际地位C.铲除了军国主义的势力D.有利于国民经济的恢复29. 1945年以来国际货币基金组织和世界银行的重要事项都需会员国投票决定,投票权的大小与会员国认购的股本成正比。
而1995年的《世贸组织协定》则将“协商一致”作为主要的决策方式,投票表决只是辅助方式。
这种变化主要反映了A.世界政治格局的多极化趋势增强B.国际政治经济新秩序逐步建立C.新兴经济体的国际地位不断提高D.冷战结束推动国际决策民主化30.右图是第二次世界大战以后,美国与欧共体国民生产总值占世界国民生产中总值的比重变化统计图。