if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气(最新整理)
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。
该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条件句分为两类：1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。
例如：⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
(2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。
）2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。
例如：⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。
⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen h is old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。
⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。
）2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。
( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。
（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。
（非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。
（非真实条件状语从句）2、用法及动词形式1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他例：1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）2. If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）3. If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)4. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。
（事实：没带钱）5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。
（事实：没有努力2、表示与过去事实相反的情况if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他例：1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
if引导的条件状语从句和虚拟语气的区别
1.if引导的条件状语从句和虚拟语气的区别之迟辟智美创作if引导的条件状语从句所引导的是原因状语，可以是现实生活中已经呈现的真实事件或有可能呈现的事情，发生的可能性较年夜.而虚拟语气所引导的往往是非真实的，对过去，现在或将来的虚拟或推断，发生的可能性较小，或已经不成能发生了可以从2个角度去区分：1.时态A，由if引导的条件状语从句通常都是主句为一般将来时，从句为一般现在时.B，而在虚拟语气中，时态都是有很多，往往都是根据句子的含义判断，究竟是与现在，过去还是将来的事实相反.2.真实与非真实A，由if引导的条件状语从句一般都是真实的，只要所谓的条件成立，一定会成为事实B，但虚拟语气其实不是如此，if，既然是虚拟，就一定是非真实的，可以根据句意判断其是...条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种.unless = if not.例如： Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我们去散散步. If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk. You will be late ___ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. ifD. or 谜底A.句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的.可转化为 If you don't leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意分歧毛病，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late. 虚拟语气 1）虚拟语气用来暗示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，纷歧定是事实，或与事实相反.虚拟语气在条件句中应用比力多. 2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句.非真实条件句暗示的是假设的或实际可能性不年夜的情况，故采纳虚拟语气. 真实条件句用于陈说语气，假设的情况有可能发生. 一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形祈使句情态动词一般现在时例如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的. The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 谜底B.真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时. 注意： 1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to暗示将来，该用shall, will. （错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. （对） If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2）暗示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式. 非真实条件句 1）虚拟语气可以暗示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移. a. 与现在事实相反的假设一般过去时（be用were）should（would）等 +动词原形例如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮手你的. 含义：They are not here, they can’t help you. b. 与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时 should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. c. 暗示对将来不年夜可能发生的事情的假想一般过去时 should/would 等 + 动词原形 were+ 不定式 should+ 动词原形例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来胜利了，一切城市好的. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.。
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if 引导的条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。
该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条件句分为两类：1) .真实条件句(SentencesofRealConditior):凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。
例如：⑴ 、IfIhavetime,Iwillhelpyouwiththiswork. 如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
(2)、Iftimepermits,we'llgofishingtogether.( 如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。
)2) .虚拟条件句(SentencesofUnrealCondition):当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。
例如:⑴、IfIwereyou,Iwouldhaveattendedthemeeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。
⑵、lfhehadcomehereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenhisoldfriend假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。
⑴、lfithadrainedyesterday,wewouldhavestayedathome. (如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。
)2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况: ① 与过去事实相反。
② 与现在事实相反。
③ 与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。
也就是：① 与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
(完整版)if虚拟语气
英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气（用来表示说的话不是事实,或者是不太可能发生的情况,而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
）虚拟语气的考点：1.条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装;3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法;4.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5.虚拟语气时态的判定。
一、If引导的虚拟条件句区别:If it rains tomorrow,the crops will be saved. 陈述语气If it rained tomorrow，the crops would be saved。
虚拟语气真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句真：eg 。
If he doesn't hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士.( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free，he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。
（真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气)非真:eg。
If I were you，I would go at once。
如果我是你,我马上就会去。
(非真实条件状语从句）二、虚拟语气在条件从句中：【例句】1。
If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him。
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。
（与过去事实相反）2.If it were sunny tomorrow,i would come to see you.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。
（与将来事实可能相反）3.If i were you,i would go at once.假如我是你的话,我会马上走.（与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你）主从句的谓语形式（一)与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反的情况，例1。
If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。
if引导地非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气
if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。
.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。
If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。
真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。
假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/should/could/might +have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形①与现在事实相反If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。
(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。
)If I were you, I would take an umbrella.假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。
(事实上我不可能是你。
)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气
if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。
该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。
一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条件句分为两类：1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。
例如：⑴、If I have tim e , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
(2)、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。
）2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。
例如：⑴、If I were you , I w ould have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。
⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。
⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。
）2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
eg .
If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。(真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）
If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）
4、虚拟语气用在
一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advise. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should +动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had he learnt about computers, we would haveБайду номын сангаасhired him to work here.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。
if引导的条件句 与 虚拟语气 的 区别
if引导的条件句与虚拟语气的区别if引导的从句什么时候用虚拟语气最佳答案if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断1、可以把条件句分为两类：1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。
例如：⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
⑵、As long as I say anything wrong, you must point it out.只要我说了什么错话，你一定要指出来。
⑶、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。
）2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。
例如：⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。
⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。
⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。
）2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。
通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。
②与现在事实相反。
③与将来事实可能相反。
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、i f条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。
也就是：①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would,should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例: ⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.（2）、If I were a teacher , I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they could n't go out.2、注意事项：①if条件句中如有were, should, had ，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
②在现代英语中if 条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be 其过去形式一般用were。
二、虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法：（一）、表示与现在事实相反的情况。
其句子结构为：从句：if + 主语+动词的过去式_（be_用were） + ...... ，主句：主语+ would （should, could , might） + 动词原形+ ........... 例: 1. If it weren ' t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。
(完整版)if引导的条件状语从句-虚拟语气
虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论：1．名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形2．条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest）一．三种基本形态（1）表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在：did / were would (should, might, could)+do过去：had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been)将来：were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出）与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book.与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book.与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book.If I should have enough money, I would buy a book.二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式）Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book.Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book.Should I have enough money, I would buy a book.三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见）3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
if 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
一，if 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1，if非真实条件句的基本用法由if一道的非真实条件句表示对现在，过去，将来的事实进行假设时，主句与从句谓语动词的形式可分为下列三种形式：1,The victim would have had a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.遇难者如果及时送到医院，他本来会有机会活下来的。
（与过去事实相反）2,If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我会告诉你。
（与现在事实相反）3,If there should be a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪的话，我们就不去滑冰了。
（表将来）2，省略if的虚拟条件句的用法在虚拟条件句中，如果从句中含有were，had或should 等词时，可将if省去，把were，had或should等提到主语之前，引起倒装。
如果居中没有were，had或should 等，则不能省略if，也不能倒装结构。
例如：Had it not been for the fact that she broke her leg,she might have passed the exam.要是她没有摔断腿，也许她会通过考试。
3,错综时间虚拟条件句有些时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生在不同的时间，比如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的。
这是，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟形式。
例如：If they had invited me ,I would go with them now.如果他们邀请过我，我现在就和他们一起走了。
二，介词或介词短语表示虚拟条件有些介词或介词短语隐含条件之义，其虚拟形式与if引导的非真实条件状语从句类似，需根据从句所用的时态，来选择主句的谓语形式。
if+条件从句虚拟语气讲义
If 条件从句（虚拟语气）If 条件句可分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。
一．真实条件句：用于假设可能发生但不确定的事情。
If you don’t hurry, you will be late for school. (假设可能发生的情况)If he comes here, I will go shopping with him. (假设可能发生的情况)二．非真实条件句：用于假设不太可能发生或与事实相反的事，须用虚拟语气。
(虚拟条件句，谓语永远是过去)If I were you, I would tell him the truth.(事实是我不可能是你)If we never slept, we all would get better grades.(事实是我们不可能不睡觉)从句通常分为三种情况：与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实相反。
1.与现在事实相反；从句：if+主语+did. (be动词都用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do. （我是迈克）If I were rich, I shall/would not work. (事实是我现在没钱)If he had time, he would/might help you.If you knew the truth, could you tell me?If I were the principal, I would plant more trees in our school.If he were here, everyone would be all right.If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.2.与过去事实相反；从句：if+主语+had+done.主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have+done. （我是迈克）If the police had caught the thieves, they would have put them in prison.If you had work harder, you might have succeeded.If I had got earlier, I would not have been late for school.If it had not been for your help yesterday, I could not have caught the bus.If the weather had been nice yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic.3.与将来事实相反；从句：①if+主语+should+do.②if+主语+did. (be动词都用were)③if+主语+were to do.主句：主语+should/would/could/might+be/do. （我是迈克）If he should go to the university, he would be very proud.If it were to snow tomorrow, we would make snowmen.If we had less homework than usual, we would play games.If he succeeded/should succeed/were to succeed, everything would be all right.If you should fail, what would you do?三．省略if的虚拟语气（倒装句）如果if从句中含有were/had/should (我很帅)，则可以把if 省略，把这三个词放置句首形成倒装句。
if引导的条件状语从句和虚拟语气的区别
1.if引导的条件状语从句和虚拟语气的区别if引导的条件状语从句所引导的是原因状语，可以是现实生活中已经出现的真实事件或有可能出现的事情，发生的可能性较大。
而虚拟语气所引导的往往是非真实的，对于过去，现在或将来的虚拟或推断，发生的可能性较小，或已经不可能发生了可以从2个角度去区分：1。
时态A，由if引导的条件状语从句通常都是主句为一般将来时，从句为一般现在时。
B，而在虚拟语气中，时态都是有很多，往往都是根据句子的含义判断，究竟是与现在，过去还是将来的事实相反。
2。
真实与非真实A，由if引导的条件状语从句一般都是真实的，只要所谓的条件成立，一定会成为事实B，但虚拟语气并非如此，if，既然是虚拟，就一定是非真实的，可以根据句意判断其是...条件状语从句连接词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。
if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
unless=ifnot.例如：Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.如果不太累，我们去散散步。
If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.You will be late ___ you leave immediately.A. unlessB. untilC. ifD. or答案A。
句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。
可转化为Ifyoudon'tleave immediately, you will be late。
B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为You leave immediately or you will be late.虚拟语气1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。
2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。
通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。
1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。
也就是：①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。
②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。
③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用情态动词would,should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.2、注意事项：①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。
（而事实上得到了你们的帮助）the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好，我去那儿。
（事实天气不好）I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气一、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句;只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气;通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气;1. “后退一步法”后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后,按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态;即：在非真实条件状语从句中,谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”;也就是：①与过去事实相反,在从句中用过去完成时形式表示;②与现在事实相反,在从句中用过去一般时形式表示;③与将来事实可能相反,在从句中用过去将来时形式表示;主句中则用情态动词would,should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式;例：⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.2、注意事项：①if条件句中如有were, should, had,可以省去if,并使用倒装语序;②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were;二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：1. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 如果没有你们的帮助,我们就会陷入困境;而事实上得到了你们的帮助the weather were fine, I would go there. 如果天气好,我去那儿;事实天气不好I were you, I would read it again. 如果我是你的话,我再读一遍;事实上我不是你time permitted, I would write it again. 如果时间允许的话,我再写一遍;事实上时间不允许it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house. 要是现在不下雪的话,我们就不会待在屋里;事实上现在下雪would I do if I were in your place要是我处于你地位我会怎么办事实上我不在你的位置上he hurried, he could catch the first bus. 他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车;可是他不着急8. If I were you, I should buy it. 从句用过去式动词were,主句用动词原形buy9. If I had time, I would study French. 如果有时间,我会学习法文;从句用过去式动词had,主句用动词原形study10. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help. 如果她懂英文,她就不必要我帮了;从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask 注意：如果动作在进行中,主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……" 14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now. 从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking例如:⑴、If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误;事实上你没有听我的劝告⑵、I shouldn’t have been able to write such good novels if I hadn’t lived among the peasants for five years.如果我不是和农民生活了五年,就不可能写出这样好的小说;事实上我和农民生活了五年⑶、If you hadn’t invited me, I shouldn’t have come to the party.如果你不邀请我,我就不会来参加你的舞会;事实上你邀请了我⑷、If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.昨天要是不生病,我是可能来上学的;事实上我生病了⑸、If he hadn’t broken the law, he wouldn’t have been put in prison.如果他不违法的话,就不会被打入监狱;事实上他违法了⑹、If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school. 我要是你们校长的话,就把你开除学籍了;事实上我不是注意：如果动作在进行中,主句要用："主语+ would + have + 完成进行式动词+……⑺、If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.从句动词用had been, 主句动词用have been speaking⑴、I f I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way.要是我来解这道难题,我会用另外一种方法的;⑵、I f you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished. 如果你再做这样的事情,就会受到惩罚;⑶、I f I should work harder, I could make much more progress.假如我更努力学习的话,我会取得更大的进步;事实上我不可能努力学习⑷、I f it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.如果明天下雨的话,我将待在家里;根据天气情况,明天不可能下雨⑸、I f he should come, I could ask him for some advice.万一他来了,我就能够向他请教;事实上他来的可能性很小⑹、I f he came tomorrow, I would do it with him.如果明天他来的话,我将和他一起做此事;事实上他来的可能性很小⑺、If it should rain, the crops would be saved.从句动词用should rain,主句动词用be 如果天下雨,庄稼可能就收获了;⑻、If he were here, I would give him the books.从句动词用were, 主句动词用give 如果他在这儿,我可能会把书给他;注意：如果动作在进行中,从句不是主句要用："If + 主语+ 过去进行式动词+……"⑼、If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.从句动词用were staying, 主句动词用let如果她现在留在这儿,我可能会让她骑我的马;。
if条件状语从句中虚拟语气
if 条件状语从句中的虚构语气一、 if 条件状从句中虚气的判断判断是真条件句是非真条件句。
只有在非真条件句中才使用虚气。
通句子意思，看假的条件能否能，能是真条件句，不可以使用虚气；假的条件不可以是非真条件句，要用虚气。
1. “退后一步法”退后一步法是指在正确地判断了句与哪一事相反后，按虚气的退后一步法理从句的。
即：在非真条件状从句中，按正常状况“退后一步”。
也就是：①与去事相反，在从句顶用去达成形式表示。
②与在事相反，在从句顶用去一般形式表示。
主句中用情would,③与未来事可能相反，在从句顶用去未来形式表示。
should, could等加一个与从句一致的形式。
例：⑴、 If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.⑵、 If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.⑶、 If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.2、注意事：① if 条件句中若有were, should, had，能够省去if ，并使用倒装序。
②在代英中if条件状与从句中的假如是be 其去形式一般用were 。
二、虚气在 if 引的条件句中的用法：（一）、表示与在事相反的状况。
其句子构：从句：if +主 + 的去式 (be用 were) + ⋯⋯，主句：主 + would (should, could , might) +原形 + ⋯⋯例：1. If it weren ’t for your help, we would get into trouble.假如没有你的帮助，我就会堕入窘境。
（而事上获得了你的帮助）the weather were fine, I would go there.假如天气好，我去那边。
（事天气不好）I were you, I would read it again. 假如我是你的，我再一遍。
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if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。
.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。
If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。
真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。
假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形①与现在事实相反If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散步。
(实际情况：我现在没有时间，也不会去散步。
)If I were you, I would take an umbrella.假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。
(事实上我不可能是你。
)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。
(事实上现虚拟语气专项练习1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.A. would beB. would have beenC. wereD. may be2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.A. If the captain wereB. Had the captain beenC. Should the captain beD. If the captain would have been3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.A. should callB. should not have been ableC. were not ableD. are not able4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.A. may getB. might getC. should have calledD. maybe get5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leaveB. was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leaves6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.A. WasB. Had beenC. Will beD. Were7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, __________all practical value by the time they were finished.A. could loseB. would have lostC. might loseD. ought to have lost8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ________our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be9. If you ________________Jerry Brown until recently, you'd think the photograph on the right was strange.A. shouldn't contactB. didn't contactC. weren't to contactD. hadn't contacted10. ____________he English examination I would have gone to the concert last SundayA. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your adviceA. followB. would followC. had followedD. have followed12. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.A. must have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. hadn't contacted13. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.A. would have wonB. wonC. must have wonD. did have won14. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. should there beC. there wasD. there having been17. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital, had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of lastweek.A. wereB. had beenC. have beenD. was18. I apologize if I __________ you, but I assure you it was unintentional(无意的).A. offendB. had offendedC. should have offendedD. might have offended19. If you hadn't taken such a long time to get dressed, we'd______________ there by now.A. beB. circlesC. is circlingD. be circling20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.A. were circlingB. circlesC. is circling D . be circling21. I wish that I _______________ with you last night.A. wentB. have goneC. could goD. could have gone22. I wish I ___________ with her.A. would beB. amC. wasD. were23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.A. couldB. have attendedC. could have attendedD. attended24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.A. had not goneB. have not goneC. did not goD. can not have gone25. "I wish you___________ me to put these things away," he said.A. will helpB. helpC. are helpingD. would help26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.A. did not occurB. had not occurredC. was not occurringD. be circling27. I hadn't expected ________James to apologize but I had hoped .A. him calling meB. that he would call meC. him to call meD. that he call me28. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .A. if he didn't get a flat tireB. if the flat tire hadn't happenedC. had he not had a flat tireD. had the tire not flattened itself29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________experiences with ESP.A. write a composition on theirB. to write composition about theC. wrote some compositions of his or herD. had written any compositions for his30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.A. wereB. had beenC. isD. has been31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great success.A. had beenB. has beenC. wereD. was32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.A. has beenB. wasC. isD. had been33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as elephant.A. liftsB. is liftingC. LiftedD. could lift34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himself.A. had seenB. has seenC. sawD. sees35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _____________from an evil dream.A. wokeB. wakesC. would wakeD. had woke36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.A. doB. don'tC. didn'tD. didn't do37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who ______________their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting. A. hadn't B. didn't have had C. hadn't had D. hadn't have38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.A. will confirmB. confirmC. confirmsD. must confirm39. without electronic computers, much of today's ___________advanced technology.A. will not have been achievedB. have not been achievedC. would not have been achievedD. had not been achieved40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.A. wereB. had beenC. isD. has been41. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A. takesB. tookC. has takenD. taking42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from elementary school to university.A. hasB. will haveC. should haveD. must have43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.A. would comeB. CameC. would have comeD. had come44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn't be surprised if he___________ acting for a living one day.A. had taken upB. takes upC. have taken upD. would have taken up45. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.A. would tellB. will tellC. have toldD. would have told46. I hadn't expected ______Henry to apologize but I had hoped .A. him to call me upB. him calling me upC. that he would call me upD. that he will call me47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.A. spendsB. spentC. would spendD. will spend48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she wasn't good enough at science.A. will becomeB. becameC. would becomeD. becomes49. I'd rather you ___________ anything about it for the time being.A. doB. didn't doC. don'tD. didn't50. I'd just as soon_______ rudely to her.A. that you won't speakB. you not speakingC. you not speakD. you didn't speak51. It's high time they____________ this road.A. mendB. mendedC. must have mendedD. will mend52. It's about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.A. takeB. tookC. have takenD. will take53. Everybody has arrived. It's time we___________ the class.A. shall startB. would startC. had startedD. start54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A. In spite ofB. But forC. Because ofD. As for55. Mary ___my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.A. has receivedB. ought to have receivedC. couldn't have receivedD. shouldn't have received56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.A. cameB. would comeC. would have comeD. should be coming57. He's working hard for fear that he_____________ .A. should fall behindB. fell behindC. may fall behindD. would fall behind58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might____________ for a century.A. have been postponedB. has been postponedC. postponeD. be postponed59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.A. workedB. would workC. workD. were working60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____psychologicallyready for the new idea.A. isB. wereC. beD. would be61. Tom's father, as well as his mother,_______________ in New York for a few days more.A. ask him to stayB. ask he to stayC. asks he staysD. asks he stay62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.A. she waitsB. she waitC. wait sheD. she waited64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.A. singB. singedC. had signedD. were signing65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.A. devotes toB. devoted toC. is devoted toD. be devoted to答案与详解1．A．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。