民航专业术语
民用航空工程术语
民用航空工程术语1 民用航空Civil aviation是指使用各类航空器从事除国防、海关和警察等国家航空活动以外的航空活动，简称民航。
2民用航空工程Civil aviation engineering以民用航空为对象而进行的选址、规划、勘测、设计、施工、检测、监理、验收和维护等全部工作的总称，简称民航工程。
3机场aerodrome在陆地上或水面上划定的区域（包括各种建筑物、设施和设备），其全部或部分可供飞机起飞、着陆和地面活动使用。
4民用机场civil airport是指专供民用航空器起飞、降落、滑行、停放以及进行其他活动使用的划定区域，包括附属的建筑物、设施和设备。
5运输机场transport airport是指为从事旅客、货物运输等公共航空运输活动的民用航空器提供起飞、降落等服务的机场。
6通用机场general aviation airport是指为从事工业、农业、林业、渔业和建筑业的作业飞行，以及医疗卫生、抢险救灾、气象探测、海洋监测、科学实验、教育训练、文化体育等飞行活动的民用航空器提供起飞、降落等服务的机场。
7国际机场international airport供国际航线定期航班使用，有出入境和过境设施，并设有固定的联检机构（海关、边防检查等）的机场。
国际机场一般也同时供国内航线定期航班飞行使用。
8国内机场domestic airport供国内航线定期航班飞行使用的机场。
不提供国际航线定期航班飞行使用。
9枢纽机场hub airport位于全国航空运输网络和国际航线枢纽位置的机场，包括区域枢纽机场、国际枢纽机场。
10直升机场heliport全部或部分供直升机起飞、着陆和表面活动使用的场地或构筑物上的特定区域。
11水上机场water aerodrome主体部分位于水上，全部或部分用于水上飞机起飞、着陆、滑行及停泊保障服务的区域，包含水上运行区和陆上相关建筑物与设施。
12备降机场alternate airport在飞行计划中经事先规定的、当预定着陆的机场不宜着陆时飞机可前往着陆的机场叫备降机场，备降机场可分为国际备降机场和国内备降机场。
民航专业术语解释
民航专业术语解释由于机场障碍或飞机本身发生故障（常见的是起落架放不下来），以及其他不宜降落的条件存在时，飞机中止着陆重新拉起转入爬升的过程，称为复飞。
飞机在着陆前有一个决断高度，在飞机下降到这一高度时，仍不具备着陆条件时，就应加大油门复飞，然后再次进行着陆，这一过程同起飞、着陆的全过程是一样的，一般经过一转弯、二转弯、三转弯、四转弯，然后对准跑道延长线再次着陆。
如果着陆条件仍不具备，则可能再次复飞或飞到备用机场降落。
需要明确指出的是，复飞并不可怕，按程序进行复飞不会有任何危险，民航飞机降落前都预先设定了复飞程序，自动化程度高，这是一个很基本的飞行操作程序。
备降：当飞机不能或不宜飞往预定着陆机场或在该机场着陆时，而降落在其他机场，就称为备降。
发生备降的原因很多，主要有航路交通管制、天气状况不佳、预定着陆机场不接收、天气状况差、飞机发生故障等等。
备降机场：Alternate airport当飞机不能或不宜飞往预定着陆机场或在该机场着陆时可以飞往的另一个机场。
备降机场包括起飞备降机场、航路备降机场和目的地备降机场。
备降机场一般在起飞前都已预先选定好，只有发生某些特殊或紧急情况才会临时选择非计划中的备降机场降落。
可控飞行撞地：CFIT（Controlled flight into terrain）在机组操纵原因造成的飞行事故中有一种叫做"可操纵的飞机撞地事故"，即CFIT，就是在飞行中并不是由于飞机本身的故障，或发动机失效等原因发生的事故，而是由于机组在毫无觉察危险的情况下，操纵飞机撞山、撞地或飞入水中，而造成飞机坠毁或严重损坏和人员伤亡的事故。
这类CFIT事故在整个飞行事故中的比例也是比较大的，据国外统计的资料，客机死亡人数约80％是由CFIT造成的。
缩小垂直间隔：RVSM（Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum）即将现代喷气式民航客机巡航阶段所在用的飞行高度层FL290至FL410（含）之间的垂直间隔标准由2000英尺缩小到1000英尺，从而增加空域容量，提高航空公司的运行效益，减轻空中交通管制指挥的工作负荷。
民航常用定义术语
常用定义和术语1、公共航空运输承运是指在我国境内依法设立的使用最大起飞全重5700千克以上的多发飞机从事定期、不定期航空客、货(邮)运输经营活动的公共航空运输企业.2、国内运行是指在中华人民共和国境内两点之间的运行,或一个国内地点与另一个由局方专门指定、视为国内地点的国外地点之间的运行.3、国际运行一个国内地点和一个国外地点之间,两个国外地点之间,或一个国内地点与另一个由局方专门指定、视为国外地点的国内地点的运行.4、运行控制:是指合格持有人使用用于飞行动态控制的系统和程序,对某次飞行的起始、持续终止行使控制权的过程.5、民用航空法：《中华人民共和国民用航空法》的简称。
6、民用航空器：除用于执行军事、海关和警察任务以外从事民用航空活动的飞机。
本手册内如有使用“飞机”二字即为民用航空器。
7、局方：指中国民用航空总局或地区管理局和由其授权可代表中国民用航空总局或地区管理局行使权力的单位和个人。
8、公司：本手册中凡未加定语或说明，均指上海航空公司。
9、飞行机组成员：指飞行期间在飞机驾驶舱内执行任务的驾驶员、领航员、飞行通信员和飞行机械员。
10、机组成员：指飞行期间在飞机上执行任务的航空人员，包括飞行机组成员和乘务员。
11、机长：是指经公司指定，在飞行时间内为飞机的运行和安全负全责的驾驶员。
12、第二机长：是指航班运行中依照机长接替顺序并行使其权力的第一飞行组成员（这种定义的原因：一是将驾驶员在行政和技术职务上达到严格的区分，正、副驾驶为公司内担任的职务，但在航班运行中正驾驶并非每次都会担任机长职务，这样即可避免出现正驾驶在航班中担任副驾驶的情况相混淆；二是安排两名以上的驾驶员组成飞行组执行长航线飞行时，第二机长将为替换机长休息的驾驶员；三是飞行中机长能力丧失后的机长权力接替次序）。
13、副驾驶：以任何驾驶身份（而非机长）职责的持有执照的驾驶员；但本手册中是指航班运行中履行第二机长权力的驾驶员。
注：与航班运行相关时称第二机长，非航班运行的其它场合称副驾驶。
icao民航专业术语
icao民航专业术语
1. Aerodrome：机场，供航空器起飞、降落、滑行、停放以及进行其他活动使用的划定区域，包括附属的建筑物、装置和设施。
2. Aircraft: 飞机，一种重于空气的有动力的航空器。
3. Air traffic control: 空中交通管制，为了保证飞行安全，对空中交通进行的监督和控制。
4. Airworthiness: 适航性，指飞机、发动机、螺旋桨及其他航空产品在预期的运行环境和使用限制下，能够安全飞行的固有品质。
5. Airport: 机场，供航空器起飞、降落、滑行、停放以及进行其他活动使用的划定区域，包括附属的建筑物、装置和设施。
6. Aeronautical information: 航行情报，为了保证航空器安全、正常和经济地运行，以及为了保证航空运输畅通而提供的各种航行资料。
7. Aeronautical chart: 航行图，用于辅助飞行员进行空中导航的地图。
8. Airspace: 空域，地球表面以上可供航空器飞行的空气空间。
9. Airway: 航路，在地面导航设施的控制下，可供航空器在空中按规定的航线飞行的具有一定宽度的空域。
10. Aerodrome control tower: 机场管制塔台，为机场范围内的航空器提供空中交通管制服务的设施。
这些只是 ICAO 民航专业术语中的一部分，还有许多其他的术语和概念。
如果你对特定的术语有更多的疑问，可以查阅 ICAO 相关文件或咨询专业人士。
民航专业术语讲解
民航专业术语A-EATIS Airport Terminal Information Service 机场终端信息服务ATIS Automated(automatic) Terminal Information Service 自动终端情报服务ATM Air Traffic Management 空中交通管理ATN Aeronautical Telecommunications Network 航空电信网ATNP （ICAO）Aeronautical Telecommunication Network Panel （国际民航组织）航空电信网专家组ATO Actual Time Over 实际经过时间ATRK Along-Track Error 沿航线误差ATS Air Traffic Services 空中交通服务ATSC Air Traffic Services Communication 空中交通服务通信ATT Attitude 姿态AUSSAT Australian Satellite 澳大利亚卫星AUTODIN Automated Digital Network 自动化数字网络AUTOVON Automatic Voice Network 自动化话音网络AUX Auxiliary 辅助AVOL Aerodrome Visibility Operational Level 机场能见度运行等级AVPAC Aviation VHF Packet Communications 航空甚高频分组通信AVS Aviation Standards 航空标准AWANS Aviation Weather And NOTAM System 航空气象和航行通告系统AWOP （ICAO）All Weather Operations Panel （国际民航组织）全天候运行专家组AWOS Automated Weather Observing System 自动化气象观测系统AWP Aviation Weather Processor 航空气象处理器AWS Aviation Weather Service 航空气象服务AZ Azimuth transmitter 方位台BBARO Barometric 气压BAZ Back Azimuth 后方位，背航道BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则BER Bit Error Rate 误码率BIT Built-In-Test 机内测试BITE Built-In-Test Equipment 机内测试设备BOP Bit Oriented Protocol 面向位的协议BPS bits per second 每秒传送位数；每秒比特数BPSK Biphase Shift Keying 两相相移键控BRITE Bright Radar Indicator Tower Equipment 塔台高亮度雷达显示设备BRL Bearing Range Line 方位距离线BSU Beam Steering Unit 天线方位控制组件BUEC Backup Emergency Communications 备用紧急通信C 通信C-Band Approx. 5,000MHz C波段C/A (CA) Code Course Acquisition Code 粗获码（民用的）C/I Carrier-to-Interference Ratio 信号干扰比C/N Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 信噪比CA Conflict Alert 冲突告警CA GPS Course- Acquisition Code 粗捕获码（民用码）CA/MSAW Conflict Alert/Minimum Safe Altitude Warning 冲突告警/最低安全高度警告CAA Civil Aviation Administration, Civil Aeronautical Authority, Civil Aviation Authority 民航局CAAC General Administration of Civil Aviation of China 中国民用航空总局CAASD Center for Advanced Aviation System Development(The MITRE Corporation) (MITRE公司)高级航行系统开发中心CAB Civil Aeronautical Bureau 民航局CARF Central Altitude Reservation Function 中央飞行高度保留功能CARs Civil Air Regulations 民用航空规则CASITAF CNS/ATM implementation task force 新航行系统实施特别工作组CAT Category 仪表着陆等级CATⅠCategory Ⅰ一类仪表着陆CATⅡCategory Ⅱ二类仪表着陆CAT Ⅲa Category Ⅲa 三类a级仪表着陆CAT Ⅲb Category Ⅲb 三类b级仪表着陆CAT Ⅲc Category Ⅲc 三类c级仪表着陆CATC Civil Aviation Training Center 民航培训中心CATMAC Co-operative Air Traffic Management Concept 空中交通管理合作方案CBA Cost/Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析C-BAND The frequency range between 4000 and 8000MHz 4000到8000MHz频段CBI Computer Based Instruction 计算机基本指令CBT Computer-Based Training 计算机辅助训练CC Connection Confirm 联接确认CCA Continental Control Area 大陆管制区CCC 蜂窝式CNS概念CCD Consolidated Cab Display 综合机舱显示器CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee 国际电报电话咨询委员会CCP Contingency Command Post 应急指挥站CCWS Common controller workstation 通用管制员工作站CD Common Digitizer 通用数字化仪设备CDC Computer Display Channel 计算机显示通道CDI Course Deviation Indicator 偏航指示器CDM Code division multiplex 码分复用CDM Continuous Delta Modulation 连续增量调制CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址CDT Controlled Departure Times 管制离场时间CDTI Cockpit Display of Traffic Information 驾驶舱交通信息显示CDU Control Display Unit 控制显示组件CEP Circular error probability 圆概率误差CERAC Combined Center Radar Approach Control 雷达进近管制联合中心CFCC Central Flow Control Computer 中央流量管制计算机CFCF Central Flow Control Facility 中央流量管制设施(功能)CFDPS Compact Flight Data Processing System 小型飞行数据处理系统CFWP Central Flow Weather Processor 中央流量气象处理机CFWSU Central Flow Weather Service Unit 中央流量气象服务单元（组件）CHI Computer Human Interface 机人接口CIDIN Common ICAO Data Interchange Network 国际民航组织公用数据交换网CIS Cooperative independent surveillance 合作式独立监视CLAM Cleared Level Adherence Monitoring 放行高度保持监视CLB Climb 爬升CLK Clock 时钟CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol 无连接网络规程（协议）CLR Clear 清除CMC Central Maintenance Computer 中央维护计算机CMD Command 命令CMS Cabin Management System 机舱管理系统CMU Communications Management Unit 通信管理单元CNDB Customized Navigation Database 用户导航数据库CNS Consolidated NOTAM System 综合航行通告系统CNS/ATM Communication Navigation, Surveillance/Air Traffic Management 通信导航监视/空中交通管理CODEC Coder/Decoder 编码器/解码器COM/MET/OPS Communication/ Meteorology/ Operations 通信/气象/运行COMLO Compass Locator 罗盘定位器；罗盘示位信标COMM Communication 通信COMP Compressor 压缩器COMSEC Communications Security 通信保安CON Continuous 连续CONUS Continental, Contiguous, or Conterminous United States 美国大陆本部(四十八州)COP Change Over Point 转换点COP Character Oriented Protocol 面向字符协议COTS Commercial Off-the-Shelf 商业货架产品供应CPDLC Controller Pilot Data Link Communications 管制员驾驶员数据链通信CPFSK Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying 连续相位频移键控CR Connection Request 联接申请CRA Conflict Resolution Advisory 冲突解脱咨询CRC Cyclic Redundant Check 循环冗余校验CRCO Central Route Charges Office 中央航路收征费办公室CRM C Reference Model C参考模式CRM Collision Risk Modeling 碰撞危险模型CRM Crew Resource Management 机组人员安排CRT Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管CRZ Cruise 巡航CSA Standard Accurate Channel 标准精度通道CSE Course Setting Error 航线设定误差CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access (datalink protocol) 载波侦听多址访问C/SOIT Communication/ Surveillance Operational Implementation Team 通信监视运行实施小组（美国）CTA Calculated Time of Arrival 计算到达时间CTA Control Area 管制区CTAS Central Tracon Automation System 中央终端雷达进近管制自动系统CTL Control 控制CTMO Central traffic Management Organization 中央交通流量管理组织CTMO Centralized Traffic Management Organization 中央交通管理组织CTOL Conventional Take Off and Landing 常规起飞着陆CTR Control zone 管制地带CTS Control Tracking Station 控制跟踪站CU Control Unit 控制单元C§W Control and Warning 控制和告警CW Carrier Wave 载波CWI Continuous Wave Interference 连续波干扰CWP Central Weather Processor 中央气象处理器CWSU Center Weather Service Unit 中央气象服务单元DD/A Digital-to-Analog 数/模转换DABS Discrete Addressable Beacon System 离散寻址信标系统DADC Digital Air Data Computer 数字大气数据计算机D-ATIS Digital Automatic Terminal Information Service 数字自动终端信息服务DA Decision Addressing beacon system 决断寻址信标系统DA Demand Assignment 按需分配DA/H Decision Altitude(Height) 决断高度DARC Direct Access Radar Channel 直接存取雷达信道DARP Dynamic Air Route Planning 动态航线计划DARPS Dynamic Aircraft (Air) Route Planning Study 动态飞机航线计划研究DC Departure Clearance 离场放行许可DC Direct Current 直流(电)DCC Display Channel Complex 显示通道组合DCIU Data Control Interface Unit 数据控制接口单元DCL Departure Clearance Delivery 起飞许可传送DCPC Direct Controller Pilot Communication 管制员驾驶员直接通信DES Data Encryption Standard 数据加密标准DF Direction Finder 测向器DFCS Digital Flight Control System 数字飞行控制系统DFDAU Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit 数字飞行数据采集单元DGCA Director-General Civil Aviation 民航局长DGNSS Differential Global Navigation Satellite System 差分全球导航卫星系统DGPS Differential Global Positioning System 差分全球定位系统DH Decision Height 决断高度DIP Diplexer 双工器DL Data Link 数据链DLAC Data Link Applications Coding 数据链应用编码DLAS Differential GNSS Instrument Approach System 差分GNSS仪表进近系统DLK data link 数据链DLORT FAA Data Link Operational Requirements Team FAA数据链运行要求工作组DMAP ICAO Data Link Mobile Applications Panel(proposed) 国际民航组织数据链移动应用专家组（建议DME Distance Measuring Equipment 测距设备DME/N Distance Measuring Equipment/Normal 标准测距设备DME/P Distance Measuring Equipment/Precision 精密测距设备DMU Data Management Unit 数据管理单元DO（DOC）Document 记录（文件）DOD Department of Defense (美国)国防部DOP Dilution of Precision 精度扩散因子DOT Department of Transportation (美国)运输部DOTS Dynamic Ocean Tracking System 动态海洋跟踪系统DP Disconnect Request 分离拆线请求DPF Data Processing Function 数据处理功能D8PSK Differential Eight-Phase Shift Keying 差分8相移键控DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying 差分相移键控DRMS Distance Root Mean Square 距离均方根值DRN Document Release Notice 文件发放通告DSB－AM Double Sideband Amplitude 双边带调幅DSDU Data Signal Display Unit 数据信号显示单元DSP Departure Sequencing Program 起飞排序计划；离港排序计划DT Data 数据DTE Data Terminal Equipment 数据终端设备DT&E Development Test and Evaluation 开发测试和评估DTF Data Test Facility 数据检测设备DTG 待飞距离DTN Data Transport Network 数据传输网络DUAT Direct User Access Terminal 用户直接存取终端DVOR Doppler Very high frequency Omni-directional Range 多普勒甚高频全向信标EEANPG European Air Navigation Planning Group 欧洲航行规划小组E-DARC Enhanced Direct Access Radar Channel 增强的直接存取雷达信道EARTS En route Automated Radar Tracking System 航路自动化雷达跟踪系统EASIE Enhanced ATM and Mode S Implementation in Europe 欧洲S模式和增强的空中交通管理实施项目EATCHIP European ATC Harmonization Implementation Program 欧洲空中交通管制协调实施计划EATMS European Air Traffic Management System 欧洲空中交通管理系统ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference 欧洲民航会议ECEF 地心地固坐标EDCT Estimated Departure Clearance Time 预计离港起飞放行时间EET Estimated Elapsed Time 预计经过时间EFAS En route Flight Advisory Service 航路飞行咨询服务EFAS Extended Final Approach Segment 扩展最后进近段EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System 电子飞行仪表系统EFC Expect Further Clearance 预期进一步放行许可EFIS Electronic Flight Information System 电子飞行情报系统EGNOS European global navigation overlay system 欧洲全球导航重迭系统EHSI Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator 电子平面状态显示器EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiate Power 等效各向同性辐射功率EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 扩展的工业标准结构EL Elevation Transmitter 仰角台ELOD En route sector Load 航路扇区负载管制飞机数量ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter 紧急示位发射机EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容EMI Electromagnetic Interference 电磁干扰ENRI Electronic Navigation Research Institute （日本）电子导航研究所EOF Emergency Operations Facility 应急运行设施EPA Environmental Protection Agency 环境保护署ER Error 误差ERL Environmental Research Laboratories 环境研究实验室ERM En Route Metering 航路计量管制ERN Earth Referenced Navigation 大地参考导航ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效幅射功率ES End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲航天局ESCAN Electronic Scanning(radar antenna)ESMMC Enhanced SMMC 增强的系统维护监视台ESP En route Spacing Program 航路间隔计划EST Estimated message 预计信息ETA Estimated Time of Arrival 预计到达时间ETB Estimated Time of Boundary 预计边界时间ETD Estimated Time of Departure 预计离港时间ETG Enhanced Target Generator 增强的显示目标产生器ETN Estimated Time of Entry 预计进入时间ETO Estimated Time Over 预计飞越时间ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute 欧洲电信标准学会EU European Union 欧洲联盟EURATN European ATN 欧洲航空电信网EUROCAE European Organization for Civil Aviation Electronics 欧洲民用航空电子学组织EUROCONTROL European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation 欧洲航行安全组织(欧安局) EVS Enhanced Vision System 增强视景系统EWAS En-route Weather Advisory Service 航路气象咨询服务FF&E Facilities and Equipment 设施和设备F,E&D Facilities, Engineering, and Development 设施、工程和开发FAA Federal Aviation Administration (美国)联邦航空局FAATC FAA Technical Center (美国)联邦航空局技术中心FAF Final Approach Fix 最终进近坐标FANS ICAO Future Air Navigation Systems （国际民航组织）未来航行系统FANS Special Committee on Future Air Navigation Systems 未来航行系统特别委员会FANS(Phase II) Special Committee for the Monitor- ing and Co-ordination of Develop- ment and Transiti on Planning for the Future Air Navigation System 未来航行系统监督、协调发展与过渡规划专门委员会FAR Federal Aviation Regulation 联邦航空条例FAS Final Approach Segment 最后进近段FASID Facilities And Services Implementation Document 设施和服务实施文件FCC Flight Communication Center 飞行通信中心FCC Federal Communication Commission 联邦通信委员会FCC Flight Control Computer 飞行控制计算机FDAU Flight Data Acquisition Unit 飞行数据收集单元FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 光纤分布数据接口FDEP Flight Data Entry and Printout 飞行数据输入和输出FDI Fault Detection and Isolation 故障检测和隔离FDIO Flight Data Input/Output 飞行数据输入/输出FDM Frequency Division Multiplex 频分复用FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址FDP Flight Data Processor 飞行数据处理器FDPS Flight Data Processing System 飞行数据处理系统FDR Flight Data Recorder 飞行数据记录仪FEATS Future European ATS System Concept 未来欧洲空中交通服务系统方案FEATS ICAO Future European Air Traffic Management System 国际民航组织未来欧洲空中交通管理系统FEC Forward Error Correction 前向纠错FGC Flight Guidance Computer 飞行引导计算机FGCC Federal Geodetic Control Committee 联邦大地测量管理委员会FI Flight Inspection 飞机校验FIC Flight Information Center 飞行信息中心FIFO First In-First Out 先入先出FIFO Flight Inspection Field Office 飞行检查现场办事处FIR Flight Information Region 飞行情报区FIS Flight Information Services 飞行情报服务FISA Automatic Flight Information Service 自动飞行信息服务FL Flight Level 飞行高度层FLIR Forward Looking Infra-red Detection 前视红外线探测FM Frequency Modulation 调频FMC Flight Management Computer 飞行管理计算机FMEA Failure Mode Effects Analysis 故障模式效果分析FMS Flight Management System 飞行管理系统FMS Frequency Management System 频率管理系统FMSG Frequency Management Study Group 频率管理研究组FMU Flight Management Unit 飞行管理组件FMU Flow Management Unit 流量管理单元FOC Full Operation Capability 全运行能力FOM Figure of Merit 性能指数FPA Flight Path Angle 航迹倾角FPD Flight Plan Data 飞行计划数据FPS Military Primary Radar 军用一次雷达FREQ Frequency 频率FRP Federal Radio navigation Plan 联邦无线电导航计划（美国）FS Functional Statement 功能描述FSAS Flight Service Automation System 飞行服务自动化系统FSDPS Flight Service Data Processing System 飞行服务数据处理系统FSK Frequency Shift Keying 频移键控FSP Flight Strip Printer 飞行进程单打印机FSS Flight Service Station 飞行服务站FSTN Federal Security Telephone Network 联邦政府保安电话网络FT Functional Test 功能测试FTE Flight Technical Error 飞行技术误差FY Fiscal Year 财政年度; 会计年度GGA General Aviation 通用航空GA Ground annta 地面天线Gatelink Datalink for packed aircraft 网关数据链路GADS Generic Aircraft Display System 通用航空器显示系统GAIT Ground-based Augmentation and Integrity Technique 陆基增强和完好性技术GAO Government Accounting Office (联邦)政府会计署GBA Geostationary broadcast area 静止卫星广播区域GCAS Ground Collision Avoidance System 地面防撞系统GCS Ground Controlled Approach 地面控制系统GDLP Ground Data Link Processor 地面数据链处理器GDOP Geometic Dilution of Position 位置几何扩散因子GDOP Geometry Dilution of Precision 精度几何扩散因子GEO Geostationary 静地的GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit 相对地球静止轨道静止卫星GES Ground Earth Station 地面地球站GFE Government-Furnished Equipment 政府提供的设备GHz Giga hertz 千兆赫兹GIB GNSS integrity broadcast 全球导航卫星系统完好性数据广播GIC GNSS Integrity Channel 全球卫星导航系统完好性通道GICB Ground-initiated Comm-B 地面启动的B类通信GIRU Ground Interrogator Receiver Unit 地面应答机接收单元GIS Geographical Information System 地理信息系统GLONASS Global Orbit Navigation Satellite System 全球轨道导航卫星系统(俄罗斯) GLS GPS Landing System GPS着陆系统GM Guidance Material 指导材料GMC Ground Movement Control 地面活动管制GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift KeyingGMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治时间GNAS General NAS 综合国家空域系统GND Ground 地GNE Gross Navigational Error 总导航误差GNR Global Navigation Receiver 全球导航接收机GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System 全球导航卫星系统GNSSP ICAO Global Navigation Satellite Systems Panel 国际民航组织全球卫星导航系统专家组GPSSU Global Positioning System Sensor Unit 全球定位系统（GPS）传感器组件GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 静地运行环境卫星GOS Grade of Service 服务等级GOSEP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile 政府开放系统互联结构GOSIP Government Open systems Implementation Profile 政府开放系统实施结构GP Glide-Path 下滑道GPIP Glide-Path Intercept Point 下滑道截获点GPIWP Glide Path Intercept Waypoint 滑行道切入点GPO/GPI General Purpose Output/General Purpose Input 通用输出/通用输入GPS Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GPWS Ground Proximity Warming System 近地告警系统GREPECAS Caribean/South American Planning and Implementation Regional Group 加勒比/南美洲计划和实施区域小组GRS Ground-Reference Station 地面基准站GRS80 Geodetic-Reference System－80 大地基准系统－80GS(G/S) Glide Slope 下滑坡度GS Ground Speed 地速GSA General Services Administration 综合服务管理局(联邦政府下属)GSL General Support Laboratory 综合保障实验室GSM Global System （or Mobile）Communication 全球通信系统GWS Graphic Weather Service 图形气象服务HH Homing radio beacon 归航无线电信标HARN High Accuracy Reference Network 高精度参考网HAT Height Above Touchdown 高于接地点的高度HCI Human Computer Interface 人机接口HDD Head Down Display 下视显示器HDG Heading 航向HDOP Horizontal Dilution Of Precision 精度水平扩散因子HEMP High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse 高空电磁脉冲HEO High Elliptical Orbit 高椭圆率轨道HF High Frequency(3-30MHz) 高频HFDL High Frequency Data Link 高频数据链HGA High Gain Antenna 高增益天线HIRF High Intensity Radiated Fields 高强度辐射场HIWAS Hazardous In-flight Weather Advisory Service 飞行时遇危险天气的咨询服务HMI Human Machine Interface 人机接口HPA high power amplifier 高功率放大器HPF Horizontal Position Fix Error 水平位置坐标误差HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator 水平位置指示器HUD Head-up Display 平视显示仪HUI Head up DisplayHVAC Heating, Ventilating, And air Conditioning 加热,通风和空调Hybird GNSS/ILS Precision Approach/Landing based on combination of GNSS localizer and ILS glide pat h 基于GNSS航向和ILS下滑道组合的精密进近/着陆系统Hz Hertz 赫兹IIA5 International Alopabet 5 国际字母表第5号码IACA International Air Carrier Association 国际航空公司协会IACSP International Aeronautical Communication Service Provider 国际航空通信业务提供者IAF Initial Approach Fix 初始进近点（坐标）IAG International Association of Geodetical 国际测地协会IAIN International Association of Institutes of Navigation 国际导航学会联合会IAOPA International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations 航空器企业主和驾驶员协会国际委员会IAP Instrument Approach Procedure 仪表进近程序IAR Intersection of Air Routes 航路交叉点IAS Indicated Air Speed 指示空速IASC Inter Area Speech Circuit 区域间话音线路IATA International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会IBAC International Business Aviation Council 国际商业航空委员会ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织ICCAI(A) International Co-ordination Council of Aerospace Industries Associations 国际宇航工业联合会合作委员会ICD Interface Control Document 接口控制文件ICO Interim Circle Orbit 中高度圆轨道ICSS Integrated Communications Switching System 综合通信转换系统ID Identifier(Identification) 标识码(编码、识别标志)ID Instrument Departure 仪表离场IDSG ICAO Internet Working Standards Drafting Group 国际民航组织网间标准起草小组IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 电气和电子工程师学会IF Intermediate approach Fix 中间进近定位点IFALPA International Federation of Airline Pilots Associations 航空公司驾驶员协会国际联合会IFATCA International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations 空中交通管制员协会国际联合会IFCN Interfacility Flow Control Network 设施(单位)间流量管制网络IFF 敌我识别器IFM Integrated Flow Management 综合流量管理IFR Instrument Flight Rules 仪表飞行规则IFRB International Frequency Registration Board 国际频率注册委员会IFSS International Flight Service Station 国际飞行服务站IBM International Business Machines (美国)国际商用机器公司ILA International Law Association 国际法律协会ILS Instrument Landing System 仪表着陆系统IMA Integrated Modular Avionics 集成化模块式航空电子设备IMAWP Initial Missed Approach Waypoint 起始复飞航路点IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions 仪表气象条件IMCS Interim MCS 过渡性监控/管制软件IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织IMS Integrity Monitoring System 完好性监视系统IN Information Need 信息需求INMARSAT International Marine Satellite Organization 国际移动卫星组织（原名国际海事卫星组织）INS Inertial Navigation System 惯性导航系统INS Insert 插入INTNET Integrated Data Communications Network 集成化数据通信网络I/O input/output 输入/输出IOACG Informal Indian Ocean Air Traffic Services Coordinating Group 非正式印度洋空中交通服务协调小组IOC Initial Operational Capability 初始运行能力IOD GPS Issue of Data 全球定位系统数据发布ION Institute of Navigation 导航学会IOR Indian Ocean Region 印度洋区域IOT§E Initial Operational Test and Evaluation 初始运行测试和评估IP Internetwork Protocol 网络间协议IPACG Informal Pacific Air Traffic Control Coordination Group 非正式太平洋空中交通管制协调小组IRS Inertial Reference System 惯性参考系统ISA International Standard Atmosphere 国际标准大气ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network 综合业务数字网络ISNS 国际卫星导航服务ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISPACG Informal South Pacific ATS Co-Ordination Group 非正式南太平洋空中交通服务协调小组ISSS Initial Sector Suite Subsystem 起始扇区管制席位分系统ITU International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟ITWS Integrated Terminal Weather Service 综合终端气象服务IVAD Integrate Voice and Data 综合话音和数据（通信数据链）IVRS Interim Voice Response System 过渡性话音响应系统IWP Interim Working Party 临时工作组JAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies 联合机场气象研究JCAB Japan Civil Aviation Bureau 日本民航局JAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies 联合机场气象研究JPO Joint GPS Planning Office 联合GPS规划办公室JSS Joint Surveillance System 联合监视系统Kbps Kilo bits per second 千位每秒KDP Key Decision Point 关键性决定点kHz Kilohertz 千赫KLAAS Kinematics Local Area Augmentation System 动态地面局域增强系统KLADGNSS Kinematics Local Area Differential GNSS 动态地局域差分GNSSkW Kilowatt 千瓦kWh Kilowatt hour 千瓦小时LL1 1575.42MHz L-Band carrier L1频率L2 1227.6MHz L-Band carrier L2频率LAAS Local Area Augmentation System 局域增强系统LACAC Latin American Civil Aviation Commission 拉丁美洲民航委员会LADGNSS Local Area Differential GNSS 局域差分全球卫星导航系统LADS 局域差分系统LAN Local Area Network 局域网LAT/LONG Latitude/LongitudeLat/Long Reference Waypoint 经/纬度经/纬度参考点L-Band Approx 1,500MHz L 波段（1500兆赫附近频段）LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示LCN Local Communications Network 局域通信网络LDGPS Local Differential GPS 本地差分GPSLEO Low Earth Orbit 近地轨道、低高度轨道LGA Low Gain Antenna 低增益天线LCN Local Communications NetworkLLWSA(S) Low Level Wind Shear Alert System 低空风切变报警系统LMM Locator Middle Marker 航向中指点标LNA Low Noise Amplifier 低噪音放大器LNAV Lateral Navigation 侧向导航LOC Localize Transmitter(Localizer) 航向台发信机LOM Locator Outer Marker 航向外指点标LON Longitude 经度LORAN－C Long Range Navigation System 罗兰－C导航系统LPC Linear Predicative Coding 线性预测编码LRR Long Range Radar 远程雷达LRU Line Replaceable Unit 在线替换部件LSB Least Significant Bit 最低有效位LVA Large Vertical Aperture 大垂直孔径MMALSR Medium-intensity Approach Lighting System with Runway alignment indicator lights 中级亮度进近照明系统，并有跑道对准线显示灯MAP Missed Approach Point 复飞点MAR Minimally Attended Radar 需低度护理的雷达MASPS Minimum Aeronautical System Standards 最低航空系统标准MASPS Minimum Aircraft (Aviation) System Performance Specification(Standards) 最小飞机(航空)系统性能标准扩展频谱MAWP Missed Approached WaypointMB Market Beacon 指点标MBI Message Block Identifier 信息块指示器mbps、Mbit/s mega bits per second 兆位每秒MCA Minimum Crossing Altitude 最低穿越高度MCC Maintenance Control Center 维护控制中心MCDU Multifunction Control Display Unit 多功能控制显示单元MCI Mode C intruder 装有C模式应答器的入侵飞机MCS Master Control Station 主控站MCS Monitoring/Control Software 监控/管制软件MDA Minimum Descent Altitude 最低下降高度MDT Maintenance Data Terminal 维护数据终端MEA Minimum En-route Altitude 最低航路高度MED Manual Entry Device 人工输入器MET Meteorology 气象METAR Meteorological Report of Aerodrome Conditions 机场条件气象报告MFCP Multifunction Control Display Panel 多功能控制显示面板MFDU Multifunction Display Unit 多功能显示单元MHz Megahertz 兆赫MIDANPIRG Middle East Air Navigation Planning and Implementation Regional Group 中东地区航行规划<请合法使用í?t>实施小组MIFR Master International Frequency Registration 国际频率注册管理站(员)MIL Military 军方MKR Marker 指点标MLS Microwave Landing System 微波着陆系统MMALS Multi-Mode Approach and Landing System 多模式进近和着陆系统MMI Man-Machine Interface 人机接口MMR Multi-Mode Receiver 多模式接收机MMS Maintenance Management System 维护管理系统MMW Millimeter Wave 毫米波MNPS Minimum Navigation Performance Specification 最低导航性能规范MNPSA MNPS airspace 最低导航性能规范空域MNT Mach Number Technique 马赫数技术MOCA Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitudes 最低超障净空高度Mode S specific services S模式特定业务MODEM Modulator-Demodulator 调制解调器MOPR Minimum Operational Performance Requirements 最低运行性能要求MOPS Minimum Operational Performance Standards 最低运行性能规范MORA Minimum Off-Route Altitude <请合法使用软件>低偏离航路高度MOS Metal-Oxide Semiconductor 金属-氧化物半导体MOU Memorandum Of Understanding 备忘录MPS Maintenance Processor Subsystem 维护处理机分系统MRA Minimum Reception Altitude 最低接受高度MRT Multi-Radar Tracking 多雷达跟踪MRT-VU Multi-Radar Tracking using Variable Update 采用变化更新的多雷达跟踪MSA Minimum Sector Altitude 最低扇区高度MSAT 移动业务卫星系统（美国的）MSAW Minimum Safe Altitude Warning 最低安全高度警告MSCP Mobile Satellite Service Provider 移动卫星业务提供者MSE Mean Square Error 均方误差MSK Minimum Shift Keying 最小移频键控MSL Mean Sea Level 平均海平面MSP Mode S specific protocol S模式特别协议(规程)MSU Mode Select Unit 模式选择单元MTBA Mean Time Between Alarm(Warning) 平均告警间隔时间MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 平均故障间隔时间MTBO Mean Time Between Outage 平均故障停工间隔时间MTBR Mean Time Between Repairs 平均故障修复间隔时间MTBUR Mean Time Between Unit Replacements 平均更换故障单元间隔时间MTBW Mean Time Between Warning 平均告警间隔时间MTD Maintenance Terminal Display 维护终端显示器MTI Moving Target Indicator 活动目标指示器MTM Module Test and Maintenance 模块测试和维护MTMIU Module Test and Maintenance Bus Interface Unit 模块测试和维护总线接口单元MTN MEGA Transport Network MEGA运输网络MTSAT Multi-Functional Transport Satellite 多功能传送卫星（日本）MTTDA Mean Time To Dispatch Alert 平均签派告警时间MTTF Mean Time To Failure 平均故障时间MTTM Mean Time To Maintenance 平均维护时间MTTR Mean Time to Repair 维平均修时间MTTR Mean Time to Restore 平均恢复时间MU Management Unit 管理单元MUS Minimum Use Specification 最低应用规格MUX Multiplexer 复用器MN Multisensor Navigation 多传感器导航MUX Multiplexer 多工器，复用器MWARA Major World Air Route Area 世界主要航路区MWO Meteorological Watch Office 气象观测台NN Navigation 导航NA Not Applicable 不可用NACK Negative Acknowledgment 出错通知NAD North American Datum 北美数据(基准)NADIN National Airspace Data Interchange Network 国家空域数据交换网NAGU 咨询报告NAILS National Airspace Integrated Logistics Support 国家空域综合后勤保障NAPA 国家公共管理科学院（美国）Nanosecond One billionth of a second 十亿分之一秒NAR National Airspace Review 国家空域审议NARACS National Radio Communications System 国家无线电通信系统NAS National Airspace System 国家空域系统NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 国家航空和宇航局(美国)NASNET National Airspace System Network 国家空域系统网络NASP National Airport System Plan 国家航空港系统计划NASPALS NAS Precision Approach and Landing System 国家空域系统进近和着陆系统NAT North Atlantic 北大西洋地区NAT ADSG North Atlantic Automatic Dependent Surveillance Development Group 北大西洋自动相关监视开发小组NAT ATS North Atlantic Air Traffic Services 北大西洋空中交通服务NAT SPG North Atlantic Systems Planning Group 北大西洋系统规划组NATCOM National Communications Center, Kansas City, Missouri 国家通信中心(位于密苏里州堪萨斯城) NATS National Air Traffic Service 国家空中交通服务NAV NavigationNAVAID Navigational Aid 导航设施NAVAID Radio Aid to Navigation 无线电助(导)收设备NAVD North American Vertical Datum 北美垂直向数据NCA National Control Authority 国家指挥当局NAWP National Aviation Weather Processor 国家航空气象处理机NCC Network Control Center 网络控制中心NCD No-Computed Data 无算出数据NCIU NEXRAD communications interface unit 改进型气象雷达通信接口单元NCP Network Control processor 网络控制处理器NCS Network Coordinating Station 网络协调台NDB Nondirectional Radio Beacon 无方向信标NEAN North European ADS-B Network 北欧ADS－B网络NEOF National Emergency Operations Facilities 国家应急指挥设施NEXRAD Next Generation Weather Radar 改进型气象雷达；下一代气象雷达NGRS National Geodetic Reference System 国家测地参考系统NGS National Geodetic Survey 国家测地勘察NICS NAS Interfacility Communications System 国家空域系统设施间的通信系统NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology 国家标准和技术研究所NLES 导航岸站NM (NMI) Nautical Mile 海里,节NMC National Meteorological Center 国家气象中心(美国)NMCE Network Monitoring and Control Equipment 网络监控设备NMDPS Network Management Data Process System 网络管理数据处理系统NMS Navigation Management System 导航管理系统NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 国家海洋和大气局(美国)NOPAC North Pacific 北太平洋NOTAM Notice to Airmen 航行通告NPA Non-Precision Approach 非精密进近NPDU Network Protocol Data Unit 网络协议数据单元NPLAS National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems 国家综合航空港系统的计划NRC National Research Committee 国家科学研究委员会（美国的）。
民航专业术语
民航专业术语随着民航事业的发展，有关民航专业术语的使用也日趋普及，这些术语具有重要的参考价值，有助于更好地了解民航领域的专业性知识。
在民航领域，术语可以概括为“航空器”、“航空服务”、“航空设施”、“航空管理”、“飞行技术”、“空中服务”、“空乘服务”等内容，这些术语主要指的是采用各种形式和方式来管理和运行航空运输的活动。
以“航空器”为例，它是指可以在大气中飞行的载人或载货的设备，包括飞机、直升机、飞行器等，可以用各种客观事实来判断它的类型和用途，比如它的翼型、机体尺寸、最大负载、电气设备、外形和其他特性。
“航空服务”是指民航运输服务，它包括航空旅客、货物、物流、空中服务、搜救和救护等，并包括地面服务、机场管理、飞机安全、通信和导航、航空运输安排、航班调度等，它的定义囊括了航空运输服务的各个环节。
“航空设施”是指空中旅行过程中必须使用的各种设施，包括机场、航空控制中心、地面服务中心、航空数据中心、航空物流中心等，这些设施是民航运输过程中最重要的架构。
“航空管理”是指航空业的管理行为，它包括飞行服务、航空安全监控、空中服务、海外运作、航空权利管理等，涉及到航空秩序的维护、航空安全的保障和航空运输服务的保证，同时也涉及到空中交通的协调、航空服务的组织和管理。
“飞行技术”是指在飞行过程中的各种技术，包括飞行技术、机动技术、航空发动机技术、飞行仪表技术、航空电子技术等，这些技术是操作飞行装备的必备基础，是执行飞行任务和保证安全运行的关键手段。
“空中服务”是指在空中运输过程中的支持服务，包括航空通信、空中航行管理、空中事故调查、航空统计服务等，它们是保障民航空中航行安全的重要前提。
“空乘服务”是指在飞行过程中，空乘人员提供的各项服务，包括客舱服务、安全服务、公共卫生服务、护理服务等，以维护安全、确保乘客安全到达目的地为主要工作目标。
总之，民航专业术语的使用使民航领域内人们能够更加有效率地理解对民航有关的话题，进一步确认和指导民航运输行业的发展方向，有助于构建安全、舒适、高效的民航运输环境。
民航专业术语
民航专业术语A—EATIS Airport Terminal Information Service 机场终端信息服务ATIS Automated（automatic) Terminal Information Service 自动终端情报服务ATM Air Traffic Management 空中交通管理ATN Aeronautical Telecommunications Network 航空电信网ATNP （ICAO）Aeronautical Telecommunication Network Panel （国际民航组织)航空电信网专家组ATO Actual Time Over 实际经过时间ATRK Along-Track Error 沿航线误差ATS Air Traffic Services 空中交通服务ATSC Air Traffic Services Communication 空中交通服务通信ATT Attitude 姿态AUSSAT Australian Satellite 澳大利亚卫星AUTODIN Automated Digital Network 自动化数字网络AUTOVON Automatic Voice Network 自动化话音网络AUX Auxiliary 辅助AVOL Aerodrome Visibility Operational Level 机场能见度运行等级AVPAC Aviation VHF Packet Communications 航空甚高频分组通信AVS Aviation Standards 航空标准AWANS Aviation Weather And NOTAM System 航空气象和航行通告系统AWOP （ICAO）All Weather Operations Panel (国际民航组织)全天候运行专家组AWOS Automated Weather Observing System 自动化气象观测系统AWP Aviation Weather Processor 航空气象处理器AWS Aviation Weather Service 航空气象服务AZ Azimuth transmitter 方位台BBARO Barometric 气压BAZ Back Azimuth 后方位，背航道BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则BER Bit Error Rate 误码率BIT Built-In—Test 机内测试BITE Built—In-Test Equipment 机内测试设备BOP Bit Oriented Protocol 面向位的协议BPS bits per second 每秒传送位数；每秒比特数BPSK Biphase Shift Keying 两相相移键控BRITE Bright Radar Indicator Tower Equipment 塔台高亮度雷达显示设备BRL Bearing Range Line 方位距离线BSU Beam Steering Unit 天线方位控制组件BUEC Backup Emergency Communications 备用紧急通信C 通信C-Band Approx. 5，000MHz C波段C/A (CA) Code Course Acquisition Code 粗获码（民用的）C/I Carrier—to—Interference Ratio 信号干扰比C/N Carrier—to—Noise Ratio 信噪比CA Conflict Alert 冲突告警CA GPS Course—Acquisition Code 粗捕获码（民用码)CA/MSAW Conflict Alert/Minimum Safe Altitude Warning 冲突告警/最低安全高度警告CAA Civil Aviation Administration, Civil Aeronautical Authority，Civil Aviation Authority 民航局CAAC General Administration of Civil Aviation of China 中国民用航空总局CAASD Center for Advanced Aviation System Development(The MITRE Corporation）(MITRE公司）高级航行系统开发中心CAB Civil Aeronautical Bureau 民航局CARF Central Altitude Reservation Function 中央飞行高度保留功能CARs Civil Air Regulations 民用航空规则CASITAF CNS/ATM implementation task force 新航行系统实施特别工作组CAT Category 仪表着陆等级CATⅠCategory Ⅰ一类仪表着陆CATⅡCategory Ⅱ二类仪表着陆CAT Ⅲa Category Ⅲa 三类a级仪表着陆CAT Ⅲb Category Ⅲb 三类b级仪表着陆CAT Ⅲc Category Ⅲc 三类c级仪表着陆CATC Civil Aviation Training Center 民航培训中心CATMAC Co-operative Air Traffic Management Concept 空中交通管理合作方案CBA Cost/Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析C-BAND The frequency range between 4000 and 8000MHz 4000到8000MHz频段CBI Computer Based Instruction 计算机基本指令CBT Computer—Based Training 计算机辅助训练CC Connection Confirm 联接确认CCA Continental Control Area 大陆管制区CCC 蜂窝式CNS概念CCD Consolidated Cab Display 综合机舱显示器CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee 国际电报电话咨询委员会CCP Contingency Command Post 应急指挥站CCWS Common controller workstation 通用管制员工作站CD Common Digitizer 通用数字化仪设备CDC Computer Display Channel 计算机显示通道CDI Course Deviation Indicator 偏航指示器CDM Code division multiplex 码分复用CDM Continuous Delta Modulation 连续增量调制CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址CDT Controlled Departure Times 管制离场时间CDTI Cockpit Display of Traffic Information 驾驶舱交通信息显示CDU Control Display Unit 控制显示组件CEP Circular error probability 圆概率误差CERAC Combined Center Radar Approach Control 雷达进近管制联合中心CFCC Central Flow Control Computer 中央流量管制计算机CFCF Central Flow Control Facility 中央流量管制设施（功能)CFDPS Compact Flight Data Processing System 小型飞行数据处理系统CFWP Central Flow Weather Processor 中央流量气象处理机CFWSU Central Flow Weather Service Unit 中央流量气象服务单元（组件）CHI Computer Human Interface 机人接口CIDIN Common ICAO Data Interchange Network 国际民航组织公用数据交换网CIS Cooperative independent surveillance 合作式独立监视CLAM Cleared Level Adherence Monitoring 放行高度保持监视CLB Climb 爬升CLK Clock 时钟CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol 无连接网络规程（协议）CLR Clear 清除CMC Central Maintenance Computer 中央维护计算机CMD Command 命令CMS Cabin Management System 机舱管理系统CMU Communications Management Unit 通信管理单元CNDB Customized Navigation Database 用户导航数据库CNS Consolidated NOTAM System 综合航行通告系统CNS/ATM Communication Navigation，Surveillance/Air Traffic Management 通信导航监视/空中交通管理CODEC Coder/Decoder 编码器/解码器COM/MET/OPS Communication/ Meteorology/ Operations 通信/气象/运行COMLO Compass Locator 罗盘定位器;罗盘示位信标COMM Communication 通信COMP Compressor 压缩器COMSEC Communications Security 通信保安CON Continuous 连续CONUS Continental, Contiguous，or Conterminous United States 美国大陆本部(四十八州)COP Change Over Point 转换点COP Character Oriented Protocol 面向字符协议COTS Commercial Off-the—Shelf 商业货架产品供应CPDLC Controller Pilot Data Link Communications 管制员驾驶员数据链通信CPFSK Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying 连续相位频移键控CR Connection Request 联接申请CRA Conflict Resolution Advisory 冲突解脱咨询CRC Cyclic Redundant Check 循环冗余校验CRCO Central Route Charges Office 中央航路收征费办公室CRM C Reference Model C参考模式CRM Collision Risk Modeling 碰撞危险模型CRM Crew Resource Management 机组人员安排CRT Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管CRZ Cruise 巡航CSA Standard Accurate Channel 标准精度通道CSE Course Setting Error 航线设定误差CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access (datalink protocol) 载波侦听多址访问C/SOIT Communication/ Surveillance Operational Implementation Team 通信监视运行实施小组(美国）CTA Calculated Time of Arrival 计算到达时间CTA Control Area 管制区CTAS Central Tracon Automation System 中央终端雷达进近管制自动系统CTL Control 控制CTMO Central traffic Management Organization 中央交通流量管理组织CTMO Centralized Traffic Management Organization 中央交通管理组织CTOL Conventional Take Off and Landing 常规起飞着陆CTR Control zone 管制地带CTS Control Tracking Station 控制跟踪站CU Control Unit 控制单元C§W Control and Warning 控制和告警CW Carrier Wave 载波CWI Continuous Wave Interference 连续波干扰CWP Central Weather Processor 中央气象处理器CWSU Center Weather Service Unit 中央气象服务单元DD/A Digital-to—Analog 数/模转换DABS Discrete Addressable Beacon System 离散寻址信标系统DADC Digital Air Data Computer 数字大气数据计算机D—ATIS Digital Automatic Terminal Information Service 数字自动终端信息服务DA Decision Addressing beacon system 决断寻址信标系统DA Demand Assignment 按需分配DA/H Decision Altitude（Height) 决断高度DARC Direct Access Radar Channel 直接存取雷达信道DARP Dynamic Air Route Planning 动态航线计划DARPS Dynamic Aircraft （Air) Route Planning Study 动态飞机航线计划研究DC Departure Clearance 离场放行许可DC Direct Current 直流(电)DCC Display Channel Complex 显示通道组合DCIU Data Control Interface Unit 数据控制接口单元DCL Departure Clearance Delivery 起飞许可传送DCPC Direct Controller Pilot Communication 管制员驾驶员直接通信DES Data Encryption Standard 数据加密标准DF Direction Finder 测向器DFCS Digital Flight Control System 数字飞行控制系统DFDAU Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit 数字飞行数据采集单元DGCA Director—General Civil Aviation 民航局长DGNSS Differential Global Navigation Satellite System 差分全球导航卫星系统DGPS Differential Global Positioning System 差分全球定位系统DH Decision Height 决断高度DIP Diplexer 双工器DL Data Link 数据链DLAC Data Link Applications Coding 数据链应用编码DLAS Differential GNSS Instrument Approach System 差分GNSS仪表进近系统DLK data link 数据链DLORT FAA Data Link Operational Requirements Team FAA数据链运行要求工作组DMAP ICAO Data Link Mobile Applications Panel(proposed) 国际民航组织数据链移动应用专家组（建议DME Distance Measuring Equipment 测距设备DME/N Distance Measuring Equipment/Normal 标准测距设备DME/P Distance Measuring Equipment/Precision 精密测距设备DMU Data Management Unit 数据管理单元DO（DOC）Document 记录(文件）DOD Department of Defense （美国)国防部DOP Dilution of Precision 精度扩散因子DOT Department of Transportation （美国）运输部DOTS Dynamic Ocean Tracking System 动态海洋跟踪系统DP Disconnect Request 分离拆线请求DPF Data Processing Function 数据处理功能D8PSK Differential Eight—Phase Shift Keying 差分8相移键控DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying 差分相移键控DRMS Distance Root Mean Square 距离均方根值DRN Document Release Notice 文件发放通告DSB－AM Double Sideband Amplitude 双边带调幅DSDU Data Signal Display Unit 数据信号显示单元DSP Departure Sequencing Program 起飞排序计划；离港排序计划DT Data 数据DTE Data Terminal Equipment 数据终端设备DT&E Development Test and Evaluation 开发测试和评估DTF Data Test Facility 数据检测设备DTG 待飞距离DTN Data Transport Network 数据传输网络DUAT Direct User Access Terminal 用户直接存取终端DVOR Doppler Very high frequency Omni-directional Range 多普勒甚高频全向信标EEANPG European Air Navigation Planning Group 欧洲航行规划小组E—DARC Enhanced Direct Access Radar Channel 增强的直接存取雷达信道EARTS En route Automated Radar Tracking System 航路自动化雷达跟踪系统EASIE Enhanced ATM and Mode S Implementation in Europe 欧洲S模式和增强的空中交通管理实施项目EATCHIP European ATC Harmonization Implementation Program 欧洲空中交通管制协调实施计划EATMS European Air Traffic Management System 欧洲空中交通管理系统ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference 欧洲民航会议ECEF 地心地固坐标EDCT Estimated Departure Clearance Time 预计离港起飞放行时间EET Estimated Elapsed Time 预计经过时间EFAS En route Flight Advisory Service 航路飞行咨询服务EFAS Extended Final Approach Segment 扩展最后进近段EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System 电子飞行仪表系统EFC Expect Further Clearance 预期进一步放行许可EFIS Electronic Flight Information System 电子飞行情报系统EGNOS European global navigation overlay system 欧洲全球导航重迭系统EHSI Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator 电子平面状态显示器EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiate Power 等效各向同性辐射功率EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 扩展的工业标准结构EL Elevation Transmitter 仰角台ELOD En route sector Load 航路扇区负载管制飞机数量ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter 紧急示位发射机EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容EMI Electromagnetic Interference 电磁干扰ENRI Electronic Navigation Research Institute （日本)电子导航研究所EOF Emergency Operations Facility 应急运行设施EPA Environmental Protection Agency 环境保护署ER Error 误差ERL Environmental Research Laboratories 环境研究实验室ERM En Route Metering 航路计量管制ERN Earth Referenced Navigation 大地参考导航ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效幅射功率ES End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲航天局ESCAN Electronic Scanning（radar antenna）ESMMC Enhanced SMMC 增强的系统维护监视台ESP En route Spacing Program 航路间隔计划EST Estimated message 预计信息ETA Estimated Time of Arrival 预计到达时间ETB Estimated Time of Boundary 预计边界时间ETD Estimated Time of Departure 预计离港时间ETG Enhanced Target Generator 增强的显示目标产生器ETN Estimated Time of Entry 预计进入时间ETO Estimated Time Over 预计飞越时间ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute 欧洲电信标准学会EU European Union 欧洲联盟EURATN European ATN 欧洲航空电信网EUROCAE European Organization for Civil Aviation Electronics 欧洲民用航空电子学组织EUROCONTROL European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation 欧洲航行安全组织(欧安局) EVS Enhanced Vision System 增强视景系统EWAS En—route Weather Advisory Service 航路气象咨询服务FF＆E Facilities and Equipment 设施和设备F，E＆D Facilities，Engineering，and Development 设施、工程和开发FAA Federal Aviation Administration （美国）联邦航空局FAATC FAA Technical Center （美国)联邦航空局技术中心FAF Final Approach Fix 最终进近坐标FANS ICAO Future Air Navigation Systems （国际民航组织）未来航行系统FANS Special Committee on Future Air Navigation Systems 未来航行系统特别委员会FANS（Phase II）Special Committee for the Monitor—ing and Co-ordination of Develop- ment and Tra nsition Planning for the Future Air Navigation System 未来航行系统监督、协调发展与过渡规划专门委员会FAR Federal Aviation Regulation 联邦航空条例FAS Final Approach Segment 最后进近段FASID Facilities And Services Implementation Document 设施和服务实施文件FCC Flight Communication Center 飞行通信中心FCC Federal Communication Commission 联邦通信委员会FCC Flight Control Computer 飞行控制计算机FDAU Flight Data Acquisition Unit 飞行数据收集单元FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 光纤分布数据接口FDEP Flight Data Entry and Printout 飞行数据输入和输出FDI Fault Detection and Isolation 故障检测和隔离FDIO Flight Data Input/Output 飞行数据输入/输出FDM Frequency Division Multiplex 频分复用FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址FDP Flight Data Processor 飞行数据处理器FDPS Flight Data Processing System 飞行数据处理系统FDR Flight Data Recorder 飞行数据记录仪FEATS Future European ATS System Concept 未来欧洲空中交通服务系统方案FEATS ICAO Future European Air Traffic Management System 国际民航组织未来欧洲空中交通管理系统FEC Forward Error Correction 前向纠错FGC Flight Guidance Computer 飞行引导计算机FGCC Federal Geodetic Control Committee 联邦大地测量管理委员会FI Flight Inspection 飞机校验FIC Flight Information Center 飞行信息中心FIFO First In—First Out 先入先出FIFO Flight Inspection Field Office 飞行检查现场办事处FIR Flight Information Region 飞行情报区FIS Flight Information Services 飞行情报服务FISA Automatic Flight Information Service 自动飞行信息服务FL Flight Level 飞行高度层FLIR Forward Looking Infra-red Detection 前视红外线探测FM Frequency Modulation 调频FMC Flight Management Computer 飞行管理计算机FMEA Failure Mode Effects Analysis 故障模式效果分析FMS Flight Management System 飞行管理系统FMS Frequency Management System 频率管理系统FMSG Frequency Management Study Group 频率管理研究组FMU Flight Management Unit 飞行管理组件FMU Flow Management Unit 流量管理单元FOC Full Operation Capability 全运行能力FOM Figure of Merit 性能指数FPA Flight Path Angle 航迹倾角FPD Flight Plan Data 飞行计划数据FPS Military Primary Radar 军用一次雷达FREQ Frequency 频率FRP Federal Radio navigation Plan 联邦无线电导航计划（美国）FS Functional Statement 功能描述FSAS Flight Service Automation System 飞行服务自动化系统FSDPS Flight Service Data Processing System 飞行服务数据处理系统FSK Frequency Shift Keying 频移键控FSP Flight Strip Printer 飞行进程单打印机FSS Flight Service Station 飞行服务站FSTN Federal Security Telephone Network 联邦政府保安电话网络FT Functional Test 功能测试FTE Flight Technical Error 飞行技术误差FY Fiscal Year 财政年度；会计年度GGA General Aviation 通用航空GA Ground annta 地面天线Gatelink Datalink for packed aircraft 网关数据链路GADS Generic Aircraft Display System 通用航空器显示系统GAIT Ground—based Augmentation and Integrity Technique 陆基增强和完好性技术GAO Government Accounting Office （联邦)政府会计署GBA Geostationary broadcast area 静止卫星广播区域GCAS Ground Collision Avoidance System 地面防撞系统GCS Ground Controlled Approach 地面控制系统GDLP Ground Data Link Processor 地面数据链处理器GDOP Geometic Dilution of Position 位置几何扩散因子GDOP Geometry Dilution of Precision 精度几何扩散因子GEO Geostationary 静地的GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit 相对地球静止轨道静止卫星GES Ground Earth Station 地面地球站GFE Government-Furnished Equipment 政府提供的设备GHz Giga hertz 千兆赫兹GIB GNSS integrity broadcast 全球导航卫星系统完好性数据广播GIC GNSS Integrity Channel 全球卫星导航系统完好性通道GICB Ground—initiated Comm—B 地面启动的B类通信GIRU Ground Interrogator Receiver Unit 地面应答机接收单元GIS Geographical Information System 地理信息系统GLONASS Global Orbit Navigation Satellite System 全球轨道导航卫星系统(俄罗斯）GLS GPS Landing System GPS着陆系统GM Guidance Material 指导材料GMC Ground Movement Control 地面活动管制GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift KeyingGMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治时间GNAS General NAS 综合国家空域系统GND Ground 地GNE Gross Navigational Error 总导航误差GNR Global Navigation Receiver 全球导航接收机GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System 全球导航卫星系统GNSSP ICAO Global Navigation Satellite Systems Panel 国际民航组织全球卫星导航系统专家组GPSSU Global Positioning System Sensor Unit 全球定位系统（GPS）传感器组件GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 静地运行环境卫星GOS Grade of Service 服务等级GOSEP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile 政府开放系统互联结构GOSIP Government Open systems Implementation Profile 政府开放系统实施结构GP Glide—Path 下滑道GPIP Glide-Path Intercept Point 下滑道截获点GPIWP Glide Path Intercept Waypoint 滑行道切入点GPO/GPI General Purpose Output/General Purpose Input 通用输出/通用输入GPS Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GPWS Ground Proximity Warming System 近地告警系统GREPECAS Caribean/South American Planning and Implementation Regional Group 加勒比/南美洲计划和实施区域小组GRS Ground-Reference Station 地面基准站GRS80 Geodetic—Reference System－80 大地基准系统－80GS（G/S）Glide Slope 下滑坡度GS Ground Speed 地速GSA General Services Administration 综合服务管理局(联邦政府下属）GSL General Support Laboratory 综合保障实验室GSM Global System （or Mobile) Communication 全球通信系统GWS Graphic Weather Service 图形气象服务HH Homing radio beacon 归航无线电信标HARN High Accuracy Reference Network 高精度参考网HAT Height Above Touchdown 高于接地点的高度HCI Human Computer Interface 人机接口HDD Head Down Display 下视显示器HDG Heading 航向HDOP Horizontal Dilution Of Precision 精度水平扩散因子HEMP High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse 高空电磁脉冲HEO High Elliptical Orbit 高椭圆率轨道HF High Frequency（3—30MHz）高频HFDL High Frequency Data Link 高频数据链HGA High Gain Antenna 高增益天线HIRF High Intensity Radiated Fields 高强度辐射场HIWAS Hazardous In—flight Weather Advisory Service 飞行时遇危险天气的咨询服务HMI Human Machine Interface 人机接口HPA high power amplifier 高功率放大器HPF Horizontal Position Fix Error 水平位置坐标误差HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator 水平位置指示器HUD Head—up Display 平视显示仪HUI Head up DisplayHVAC Heating, Ventilating, And air Conditioning 加热,通风和空调Hybird GNSS/ILS Precision Approach/Landing based on combination of GNSS localizer and ILS glide pat h 基于GNSS航向和ILS下滑道组合的精密进近/着陆系统Hz Hertz 赫兹IIA5 International Alopabet 5 国际字母表第5号码IACA International Air Carrier Association 国际航空公司协会IACSP International Aeronautical Communication Service Provider 国际航空通信业务提供者IAF Initial Approach Fix 初始进近点(坐标)IAG International Association of Geodetical 国际测地协会IAIN International Association of Institutes of Navigation 国际导航学会联合会IAOPA International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations 航空器企业主和驾驶员协会国际委员会IAP Instrument Approach Procedure 仪表进近程序IAR Intersection of Air Routes 航路交叉点IAS Indicated Air Speed 指示空速IASC Inter Area Speech Circuit 区域间话音线路IATA International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会IBAC International Business Aviation Council 国际商业航空委员会ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织ICCAI（A）International Co-ordination Council of Aerospace Industries Associations 国际宇航工业联合会合作委员会ICD Interface Control Document 接口控制文件ICO Interim Circle Orbit 中高度圆轨道ICSS Integrated Communications Switching System 综合通信转换系统ID Identifier（Identification) 标识码(编码、识别标志)ID Instrument Departure 仪表离场IDSG ICAO Internet Working Standards Drafting Group 国际民航组织网间标准起草小组IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 电气和电子工程师学会IF Intermediate approach Fix 中间进近定位点IFALPA International Federation of Airline Pilots Associations 航空公司驾驶员协会国际联合会IFATCA International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations 空中交通管制员协会国际联合会IFCN Interfacility Flow Control Network 设施(单位）间流量管制网络IFF 敌我识别器IFM Integrated Flow Management 综合流量管理IFR Instrument Flight Rules 仪表飞行规则IFRB International Frequency Registration Board 国际频率注册委员会IFSS International Flight Service Station 国际飞行服务站IBM International Business Machines (美国）国际商用机器公司ILA International Law Association 国际法律协会ILS Instrument Landing System 仪表着陆系统IMA Integrated Modular Avionics 集成化模块式航空电子设备IMAWP Initial Missed Approach Waypoint 起始复飞航路点IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions 仪表气象条件IMCS Interim MCS 过渡性监控/管制软件IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织IMS Integrity Monitoring System 完好性监视系统IN Information Need 信息需求INMARSAT International Marine Satellite Organization 国际移动卫星组织（原名国际海事卫星组织）INS Inertial Navigation System 惯性导航系统INS Insert 插入INTNET Integrated Data Communications Network 集成化数据通信网络I/O input/output 输入/输出IOACG Informal Indian Ocean Air Traffic Services Coordinating Group 非正式印度洋空中交通服务协调小组IOC Initial Operational Capability 初始运行能力IOD GPS Issue of Data 全球定位系统数据发布ION Institute of Navigation 导航学会IOR Indian Ocean Region 印度洋区域IOT§E Initial Operational Test and Evaluation 初始运行测试和评估IP Internetwork Protocol 网络间协议IPACG Informal Pacific Air Traffic Control Coordination Group 非正式太平洋空中交通管制协调小组IRS Inertial Reference System 惯性参考系统ISA International Standard Atmosphere 国际标准大气ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network 综合业务数字网络ISNS 国际卫星导航服务ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISPACG Informal South Pacific ATS Co—Ordination Group 非正式南太平洋空中交通服务协调小组ISSS Initial Sector Suite Subsystem 起始扇区管制席位分系统ITU International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟ITWS Integrated Terminal Weather Service 综合终端气象服务IVAD Integrate Voice and Data 综合话音和数据（通信数据链）IVRS Interim Voice Response System 过渡性话音响应系统IWP Interim Working Party 临时工作组JAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies 联合机场气象研究JCAB Japan Civil Aviation Bureau 日本民航局JAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies 联合机场气象研究JPO Joint GPS Planning Office 联合GPS规划办公室JSS Joint Surveillance System 联合监视系统Kbps Kilo bits per second 千位每秒KDP Key Decision Point 关键性决定点kHz Kilohertz 千赫KLAAS Kinematics Local Area Augmentation System 动态地面局域增强系统KLADGNSS Kinematics Local Area Differential GNSS 动态地局域差分GNSSkW Kilowatt 千瓦kWh Kilowatt hour 千瓦小时LL1 1575.42MHz L-Band carrier L1频率L2 1227。
民航专业术语解释
民航专业术语解释本节内容介绍的是经常在民航相关新闻、文章中出现的一些常用专业用语、参数、缩略语的基本含义，可能涉及较深的专业知识，当然有些定义、介绍不够专业、严谨、准确，还请见谅，欢迎你提供相关资料。
本文内容在陆续增加和更新中，部分专业用语如在本站常用术语中已有专文介绍后，将不在此作重复介绍。
复飞：GA（Go Around）：由于机场障碍或飞机本身发生故障（常见的是起落架放不下来），以及其他不宜降落的条件存在时，飞机中止着陆重新拉起转入爬升的过程，称为复飞。
飞机在着陆前有一个决断高度，在飞机下降到这一高度时，仍不具备着陆条件时，就应加大油门复飞，然后再次进行着陆，这一过程同起飞、着陆的全过程是一样的，一般经过一转弯、二转弯、三转弯、四转弯，然后对准跑道延长线再次着陆。
如果着陆条件仍不具备，则可能再次复飞或飞到备用机场降落。
需要明确指出的是，复飞并不可怕，按程序进行复飞不会有任何危险，民航飞机降落前都预先设定了复飞程序，自动化程度高，这是一个很基本的飞行操作程序。
备降：当飞机不能或不宜飞往预定着陆机场或在该机场着陆时，而降落在其他机场，就称为备降。
发生备降的原因很多，主要有航路交通管制、天气状况不佳、预定着陆机场不接收、天气状况差、飞机发生故障等等。
备降机场：Alternate airport当飞机不能或不宜飞往预定着陆机场或在该机场着陆时可以飞往的另一个机场。
备降机场包括起飞备降机场、航路备降机场和目的地备降机场。
备降机场一般在起飞前都已预先选定好，只有发生某些特殊或紧急情况才会临时选择非计划中的备降机场降落。
可控飞行撞地：CFIT（Controlled flight into terrain）在机组操纵原因造成的飞行事故中有一种叫做"可操纵的飞机撞地事故"，即CFIT，就是在飞行中并不是由于飞机本身的故障，或发动机失效等原因发生的事故，而是由于机组在毫无觉察危险的情况下，操纵飞机撞山、撞地或飞入水中，而造成飞机坠毁或严重损坏和人员伤亡的事故。
民航mcc专业术语
民航mcc专业术语
民航MCC（Maintenance Control Center）是民航维修控制中心的缩写，是指负责协调和监控航空公司飞机维修工作的部门。
以下是一些民航MCC专业术语：
1. AOG（Aircraft on Ground）：指飞机在地面不能飞行，需要紧急维修的情况。
2. MEL（Minimum Equipment List）：指飞机在某些设备损坏或故障的情况下，仍然可以安全飞行的最低设备清单。
3. CDL（Configuration Deviation List）：指在飞机的配置与标准配置不同的情况下，允许飞行的清单。
4. Deferred Defect（延期缺陷）：指在飞机维修过程中，发现的一些小问题可以在延期内修复的情况。
5. Work Order（工作指令）：指MCC下发的维修指令，包括维修内容、时间、地点等信息。
6. APU（Auxiliary Power Unit）：指飞机上的辅助动力装置，可以为飞机提供电力和气源。
7. C-check（大检查）：指飞机的全面检查，通常需要停飞数天甚至数周。
8. Line Maintenance（线维修）：指对飞机进行日常维护和小修的工作，通常在飞机停靠机场期间进行。
9. Engine Run-Up（发动机试车）：指在飞机维修完毕后，进行发动机试车以确保其正常运转。
10. Maintenance Log（维修记录）：指飞机的维修记录，包括维修内容、时间、人员等信息，是飞机维修的重要依据。
民航专业术语汇总
旅客周转量（吨公里）=∑（航段旅客运输量×旅客重量×航段距离）航段距离指飞机在两机场之间按规定航行路线，直达飞行的空中距离。
从2001年起成人旅客重量按90公斤计算，不再计算行李重量。
货物周转量：是反映货物在空中实现位移的综合性生产指标，体现航空运输企业所完成的货物运输工作量。
货物周转量（吨公里）=∑{航段货物运输量（吨）×航段距离（公里）}
RPK=收费客公里
RTK=收费吨公里
ASK=可利用客公里
ATK=可利用吨公里
客座率=RPK/ASK
总体载运率=RTK/ATK
旅客运输量的货物重量。
旅客周转量：是反映航空运输企业旅客运输工作量的综合性指标，指运输飞行所载运的全体旅客空中飞行距离的综合。计算单位为人（客）公里或吨公里。 旅客周转量（人公里）=∑{航段旅客运输量（人）×航段距离（公里）}
运输总周转量：是反映运输量和运输距离即旅客、货物、邮件在空中实现位移的综合性生产指标，体现航空运输总的工作量。
运输总周转量=旅客周转量+货物周转量+邮件周转量
提供座位数：指可供销售的最大（或最多）座位的数量。
可提供客公里：指可提供座位与飞行里程的乘积，是反映运输飞行运载能力的指标。
可提供客公里=∑{可提供座位数×航段距离（公里）}
民航常用术语
民航专业术语解释复飞：GA（Go Around）：由于机场障碍或飞机本身发生故障（常见的是起落架放不下来），以及其他不宜降落的条件存在时，飞机中止着陆重新拉起转入爬升的过程，称为复飞。
飞机在着陆前有一个决断高度，在飞机下降到这一高度时，仍不具备着陆条件时，就应加大油门复飞，然后再次进行着陆，这一过程同起飞、着陆的全过程是一样的，一般经过一转弯、二转弯、三转弯、四转弯，然后对准跑道延长线再次着陆。
如果着陆条件仍不具备，则可能再次复飞或飞到备用机场降落。
需要明确指出的是，复飞并不可怕，按程序进行复飞不会有任何危险，民航飞机降落前都预先设定了复飞程序，自动化程度高，这是一个很基本的飞行操作程序。
备降：当飞机不能或不宜飞往预定着陆机场或在该机场着陆时，而降落在其他机场，就称为备降。
发生备降的原因很多，主要有航路交通管制、天气状况不佳、预定着陆机场不接收、天气状况差、飞机发生故障等等。
备降机场：Alternate airport当飞机不能或不宜飞往预定着陆机场或在该机场着陆时可以飞往的另一个机场。
备降机场包括起飞备降机场、航路备降机场和目的地备降机场。
备降机场一般在起飞前都已预先选定好，只有发生某些特殊或紧急情况才会临时选择非计划中的备降机场降落。
可控飞行撞地：CFIT（Controlled flight into terrain）在机组操纵原因造成的飞行事故中有一种叫做"可操纵的飞机撞地事故"，即CFIT，就是在飞行中并不是由于飞机本身的故障，或发动机失效等原因发生的事故，而是由于机组在毫无觉察危险的情况下，操纵飞机撞山、撞地或飞入水中，而造成飞机坠毁或严重损坏和人员伤亡的事故。
这类CFIT事故在整个飞行事故中的比例也是比较大的，据国外统计的资料，客机死亡人数约80％是由CFIT造成的。
缩小垂直间隔：RVSM（Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum）即将现代喷气式民航客机巡航阶段所在用的飞行高度层FL290至FL410（含）之间的垂直间隔标准由2000英尺缩小到1000英尺，从而增加空域容量，提高航空公司的运行效益，减轻空中交通管制指挥的工作负荷。
民航专业术语
民航专业术语A-EATIS Airport Terminal Information Service 机场终端信息服务ATIS Automated(automatic) Terminal Information Service 自动终端情报服务ATM Air Traffic Management 空中交通管理ATN Aeronautical Telecommunications Network 航空电信网ATNP （ICAO）Aeronautical Telecommunication Network Panel （国际民航组织）航空电信网专家组ATO Actual Time Over 实际经过时间ATRK Along-Track Error 沿航线误差ATS Air Traffic Services 空中交通服务ATSC Air Traffic Services Communication 空中交通服务通信ATT Attitude 姿态AUSSAT Australian Satellite 澳大利亚卫星AUTODIN Automated Digital Network 自动化数字网络AUTOVON Automatic Voice Network 自动化话音网络AUX Auxiliary 辅助AVOL Aerodrome Visibility Operational Level 机场能见度运行等级AVPAC Aviation VHF Packet Communications 航空甚高频分组通信AVS Aviation Standards 航空标准AWANS Aviation Weather And NOTAM System 航空气象和航行通告系统AWOP （ICAO）All Weather Operations Panel （国际民航组织）全天候运行专家组AWOS Automated Weather Observing System 自动化气象观测系统AWP Aviation Weather Processor 航空气象处理器AWS Aviation Weather Service 航空气象服务AZ Azimuth transmitter 方位台BBARO Barometric 气压BAZ Back Azimuth 后方位，背航道BER Basic Encoding Rules 基本编码规则BER Bit Error Rate 误码率BIT Built-In-Test 机内测试BITE Built-In-Test Equipment 机内测试设备BOP Bit Oriented Protocol 面向位的协议BPS bits per second 每秒传送位数；每秒比特数BPSK Biphase Shift Keying 两相相移键控BRITE Bright Radar Indicator Tower Equipment 塔台高亮度雷达显示设备BRL Bearing Range Line 方位距离线BSU Beam Steering Unit 天线方位控制组件BUEC Backup Emergency Communications 备用紧急通信C 通信C-Band Approx. 5,000MHz C波段C/A (CA) Code Course Acquisition Code 粗获码（民用的）C/I Carrier-to-Interference Ratio 信号干扰比C/N Carrier-to-Noise Ratio 信噪比CA Conflict Alert 冲突告警CA GPS Course- Acquisition Code 粗捕获码（民用码）CA/MSAW Conflict Alert/Minimum Safe Altitude Warning 冲突告警/最低安全高度警告CAA Civil Aviation Administration, Civil Aeronautical Authority, Civil Aviation Authority 民航局CAAC General Administration of Civil Aviation of China 中国民用航空总局CAASD Center for Advanced Aviation System Development(The MITRE Corporation) (MITRE公司)高级航行系统开发中心CAB Civil Aeronautical Bureau 民航局CARF Central Altitude Reservation Function 中央飞行高度保留功能CARs Civil Air Regulations 民用航空规则CASITAF CNS/ATM implementation task force 新航行系统实施特别工作组CAT Category 仪表着陆等级CATⅠCategory Ⅰ一类仪表着陆CATⅡCategory Ⅱ二类仪表着陆CAT Ⅲa Category Ⅲa 三类a级仪表着陆CAT Ⅲb Category Ⅲb 三类b级仪表着陆CAT Ⅲc Category Ⅲc 三类c级仪表着陆CATC Civil Aviation Training Center 民航培训中心CATMAC Co-operative Air Traffic Management Concept 空中交通管理合作方案CBA Cost/Benefit Analysis 成本效益分析C-BAND The frequency range between 4000 and 8000MHz 4000到8000MHz频段CBI Computer Based Instruction 计算机基本指令CBT Computer-Based Training 计算机辅助训练CC Connection Confirm 联接确认CCA Continental Control Area 大陆管制区CCC 蜂窝式CNS概念CCD Consolidated Cab Display 综合机舱显示器CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee 国际无线电咨询委员会CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee 国际电报电话咨询委员会CCP Contingency Command Post 应急指挥站CCWS Common controller workstation 通用管制员工作站CD Common Digitizer 通用数字化仪设备CDC Computer Display Channel 计算机显示通道CDI Course Deviation Indicator 偏航指示器CDM Code division multiplex 码分复用CDM Continuous Delta Modulation 连续增量调制CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 码分多址CDT Controlled Departure Times 管制离场时间CDTI Cockpit Display of Traffic Information 驾驶舱交通信息显示CDU Control Display Unit 控制显示组件CEP Circular error probability 圆概率误差CERAC Combined Center Radar Approach Control 雷达进近管制联合中心CFCC Central Flow Control Computer 中央流量管制计算机CFCF Central Flow Control Facility 中央流量管制设施(功能)CFDPS Compact Flight Data Processing System 小型飞行数据处理系统CFWP Central Flow Weather Processor 中央流量气象处理机CFWSU Central Flow Weather Service Unit 中央流量气象服务单元（组件）CHI Computer Human Interface 机人接口CIDIN Common ICAO Data Interchange Network 国际民航组织公用数据交换网CIS Cooperative independent surveillance 合作式独立监视CLAM Cleared Level Adherence Monitoring 放行高度保持监视CLB Climb 爬升CLK Clock 时钟CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol 无连接网络规程（协议）CLR Clear 清除CMC Central Maintenance Computer 中央维护计算机CMD Command 命令CMS Cabin Management System 机舱管理系统CMU Communications Management Unit 通信管理单元CNDB Customized Navigation Database 用户导航数据库CNS Consolidated NOTAM System 综合航行通告系统CNS/ATM Communication Navigation, Surveillance/Air Traffic Management 通信导航监视/空中交通管理CODEC Coder/Decoder 编码器/解码器COM/MET/OPS Communication/ Meteorology/ Operations 通信/气象/运行COMLO Compass Locator 罗盘定位器；罗盘示位信标COMM Communication 通信COMP Compressor 压缩器COMSEC Communications Security 通信保安CON Continuous 连续CONUS Continental, Contiguous, or Conterminous United States 美国大陆本部(四十八州)COP Change Over Point 转换点COP Character Oriented Protocol 面向字符协议COTS Commercial Off-the-Shelf 商业货架产品供应CPDLC Controller Pilot Data Link Communications 管制员驾驶员数据链通信CPFSK Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying 连续相位频移键控CR Connection Request 联接申请CRA Conflict Resolution Advisory 冲突解脱咨询CRC Cyclic Redundant Check 循环冗余校验CRCO Central Route Charges Office 中央航路收征费办公室CRM C Reference Model C参考模式CRM Collision Risk Modeling 碰撞危险模型CRM Crew Resource Management 机组人员安排CRT Cathode Ray Tube 阴极射线管CRZ Cruise 巡航CSA Standard Accurate Channel 标准精度通道CSE Course Setting Error 航线设定误差CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple Access (datalink protocol) 载波侦听多址访问C/SOIT Communication/ Surveillance Operational Implementation Team 通信监视运行实施小组（美国）CTA Calculated Time of Arrival 计算到达时间CTA Control Area 管制区CTAS Central Tracon Automation System 中央终端雷达进近管制自动系统CTL Control 控制CTMO Central traffic Management Organization 中央交通流量管理组织CTMO Centralized Traffic Management Organization 中央交通管理组织CTOL Conventional Take Off and Landing 常规起飞着陆CTR Control zone 管制地带CTS Control Tracking Station 控制跟踪站CU Control Unit 控制单元C§W Control and Warning 控制和告警CW Carrier Wave 载波CWI Continuous Wave Interference 连续波干扰CWP Central Weather Processor 中央气象处理器CWSU Center Weather Service Unit 中央气象服务单元DD/A Digital-to-Analog 数/模转换DABS Discrete Addressable Beacon System 离散寻址信标系统DADC Digital Air Data Computer 数字大气数据计算机D-ATIS Digital Automatic Terminal Information Service 数字自动终端信息服务DA Decision Addressing beacon system 决断寻址信标系统DA Demand Assignment 按需分配DA/H Decision Altitude(Height) 决断高度DARC Direct Access Radar Channel 直接存取雷达信道DARP Dynamic Air Route Planning 动态航线计划DARPS Dynamic Aircraft (Air) Route Planning Study 动态飞机航线计划研究DC Departure Clearance 离场放行许可DC Direct Current 直流(电)DCC Display Channel Complex 显示通道组合DCIU Data Control Interface Unit 数据控制接口单元DCL Departure Clearance Delivery 起飞许可传送DCPC Direct Controller Pilot Communication 管制员驾驶员直接通信DES Data Encryption Standard 数据加密标准DF Direction Finder 测向器DFCS Digital Flight Control System 数字飞行控制系统DFDAU Digital Flight Data Acquisition Unit 数字飞行数据采集单元DGCA Director-General Civil Aviation 民航局长DGNSS Differential Global Navigation Satellite System 差分全球导航卫星系统DGPS Differential Global Positioning System 差分全球定位系统DH Decision Height 决断高度DIP Diplexer 双工器DL Data Link 数据链DLAC Data Link Applications Coding 数据链应用编码DLAS Differential GNSS Instrument Approach System 差分GNSS仪表进近系统DLK data link 数据链DLORT FAA Data Link Operational Requirements Team FAA数据链运行要求工作组DMAP ICAO Data Link Mobile Applications Panel(proposed) 国际民航组织数据链移动应用专家组（建议DME Distance Measuring Equipment 测距设备DME/N Distance Measuring Equipment/Normal 标准测距设备DME/P Distance Measuring Equipment/Precision 精密测距设备DMU Data Management Unit 数据管理单元DO（DOC）Document 记录（文件）DOD Department of Defense (美国)国防部DOP Dilution of Precision 精度扩散因子DOT Department of Transportation (美国)运输部DOTS Dynamic Ocean Tracking System 动态海洋跟踪系统DP Disconnect Request 分离拆线请求DPF Data Processing Function 数据处理功能D8PSK Differential Eight-Phase Shift Keying 差分8相移键控DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying 差分相移键控DRMS Distance Root Mean Square 距离均方根值DRN Document Release Notice 文件发放通告DSB－AM Double Sideband Amplitude 双边带调幅DSDU Data Signal Display Unit 数据信号显示单元DSP Departure Sequencing Program 起飞排序计划；离港排序计划DT Data 数据DTE Data Terminal Equipment 数据终端设备DT&E Development Test and Evaluation 开发测试和评估DTF Data Test Facility 数据检测设备DTG 待飞距离DTN Data Transport Network 数据传输网络DUAT Direct User Access Terminal 用户直接存取终端DVOR Doppler Very high frequency Omni-directional Range 多普勒甚高频全向信标EEANPG European Air Navigation Planning Group 欧洲航行规划小组E-DARC Enhanced Direct Access Radar Channel 增强的直接存取雷达信道EARTS En route Automated Radar Tracking System 航路自动化雷达跟踪系统EASIE Enhanced ATM and Mode S Implementation in Europe 欧洲S模式和增强的空中交通管理实施项目EATCHIP European ATC Harmonization Implementation Program 欧洲空中交通管制协调实施计划EATMS European Air Traffic Management System 欧洲空中交通管理系统ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference 欧洲民航会议ECEF 地心地固坐标EDCT Estimated Departure Clearance Time 预计离港起飞放行时间EET Estimated Elapsed Time 预计经过时间EFAS En route Flight Advisory Service 航路飞行咨询服务EFAS Extended Final Approach Segment 扩展最后进近段EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System 电子飞行仪表系统EFC Expect Further Clearance 预期进一步放行许可EFIS Electronic Flight Information System 电子飞行情报系统EGNOS European global navigation overlay system 欧洲全球导航重迭系统EHSI Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator 电子平面状态显示器EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiate Power 等效各向同性辐射功率EISA Extended Industry Standard Architecture 扩展的工业标准结构EL Elevation Transmitter 仰角台ELOD En route sector Load 航路扇区负载管制飞机数量ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter 紧急示位发射机EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility 电磁兼容EMI Electromagnetic Interference 电磁干扰ENRI Electronic Navigation Research Institute （日本）电子导航研究所EOF Emergency Operations Facility 应急运行设施EPA Environmental Protection Agency 环境保护署ER Error 误差ERL Environmental Research Laboratories 环境研究实验室ERM En Route Metering 航路计量管制ERN Earth Referenced Navigation 大地参考导航ERP Effective Radiated Power 有效幅射功率ES End System 终端系统ESA European Space Agency 欧洲航天局ESCAN Electronic Scanning(radar antenna)ESMMC Enhanced SMMC 增强的系统维护监视台ESP En route Spacing Program 航路间隔计划EST Estimated message 预计信息ETA Estimated Time of Arrival 预计到达时间ETB Estimated Time of Boundary 预计边界时间ETD Estimated Time of Departure 预计离港时间ETG Enhanced Target Generator 增强的显示目标产生器ETN Estimated Time of Entry 预计进入时间ETO Estimated Time Over 预计飞越时间ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute 欧洲电信标准学会EU European Union 欧洲联盟EURATN European ATN 欧洲航空电信网EUROCAE European Organization for Civil Aviation Electronics 欧洲民用航空电子学组织EUROCONTROL European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation 欧洲航行安全组织(欧安局) EVS Enhanced Vision System 增强视景系统EWAS En-route Weather Advisory Service 航路气象咨询服务FF&E Facilities and Equipment 设施和设备F,E&D Facilities, Engineering, and Development 设施、工程和开发FAA Federal Aviation Administration (美国)联邦航空局FAATC FAA Technical Center (美国)联邦航空局技术中心FAF Final Approach Fix 最终进近坐标FANS ICAO Future Air Navigation Systems （国际民航组织）未来航行系统FANS Special Committee on Future Air Navigation Systems 未来航行系统特别委员会FANS(Phase II) Special Committee for the Monitor- ing and Co-ordination of Develop- ment and Transiti on Planning for the Future Air Navigation System 未来航行系统监督、协调发展与过渡规划专门委员会FAR Federal Aviation Regulation 联邦航空条例FAS Final Approach Segment 最后进近段FASID Facilities And Services Implementation Document 设施和服务实施文件FCC Flight Communication Center 飞行通信中心FCC Federal Communication Commission 联邦通信委员会FCC Flight Control Computer 飞行控制计算机FDAU Flight Data Acquisition Unit 飞行数据收集单元FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface 光纤分布数据接口FDEP Flight Data Entry and Printout 飞行数据输入和输出FDI Fault Detection and Isolation 故障检测和隔离FDIO Flight Data Input/Output 飞行数据输入/输出FDM Frequency Division Multiplex 频分复用FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access 频分多址FDP Flight Data Processor 飞行数据处理器FDPS Flight Data Processing System 飞行数据处理系统FDR Flight Data Recorder 飞行数据记录仪FEATS Future European ATS System Concept 未来欧洲空中交通服务系统方案FEATS ICAO Future European Air Traffic Management System 国际民航组织未来欧洲空中交通管理系统FEC Forward Error Correction 前向纠错FGC Flight Guidance Computer 飞行引导计算机FGCC Federal Geodetic Control Committee 联邦大地测量管理委员会FI Flight Inspection 飞机校验FIC Flight Information Center 飞行信息中心FIFO First In-First Out 先入先出FIFO Flight Inspection Field Office 飞行检查现场办事处FIR Flight Information Region 飞行情报区FIS Flight Information Services 飞行情报服务FISA Automatic Flight Information Service 自动飞行信息服务FL Flight Level 飞行高度层FLIR Forward Looking Infra-red Detection 前视红外线探测FM Frequency Modulation 调频FMC Flight Management Computer 飞行管理计算机FMEA Failure Mode Effects Analysis 故障模式效果分析FMS Flight Management System 飞行管理系统FMS Frequency Management System 频率管理系统FMSG Frequency Management Study Group 频率管理研究组FMU Flight Management Unit 飞行管理组件FMU Flow Management Unit 流量管理单元FOC Full Operation Capability 全运行能力FOM Figure of Merit 性能指数FPA Flight Path Angle 航迹倾角FPD Flight Plan Data 飞行计划数据FPS Military Primary Radar 军用一次雷达FREQ Frequency 频率FRP Federal Radio navigation Plan 联邦无线电导航计划（美国）FS Functional Statement 功能描述FSAS Flight Service Automation System 飞行服务自动化系统FSDPS Flight Service Data Processing System 飞行服务数据处理系统FSK Frequency Shift Keying 频移键控FSP Flight Strip Printer 飞行进程单打印机FSS Flight Service Station 飞行服务站FSTN Federal Security Telephone Network 联邦政府保安电话网络FT Functional Test 功能测试FTE Flight Technical Error 飞行技术误差FY Fiscal Year 财政年度; 会计年度GGA General Aviation 通用航空GA Ground annta 地面天线Gatelink Datalink for packed aircraft 网关数据链路GADS Generic Aircraft Display System 通用航空器显示系统GAIT Ground-based Augmentation and Integrity Technique 陆基增强和完好性技术GAO Government Accounting Office (联邦)政府会计署GBA Geostationary broadcast area 静止卫星广播区域GCAS Ground Collision Avoidance System 地面防撞系统GCS Ground Controlled Approach 地面控制系统GDLP Ground Data Link Processor 地面数据链处理器GDOP Geometic Dilution of Position 位置几何扩散因子GDOP Geometry Dilution of Precision 精度几何扩散因子GEO Geostationary 静地的GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit 相对地球静止轨道静止卫星GES Ground Earth Station 地面地球站GFE Government-Furnished Equipment 政府提供的设备GHz Giga hertz 千兆赫兹GIB GNSS integrity broadcast 全球导航卫星系统完好性数据广播GIC GNSS Integrity Channel 全球卫星导航系统完好性通道GICB Ground-initiated Comm-B 地面启动的B类通信GIRU Ground Interrogator Receiver Unit 地面应答机接收单元GIS Geographical Information System 地理信息系统GLONASS Global Orbit Navigation Satellite System 全球轨道导航卫星系统(俄罗斯) GLS GPS Landing System GPS着陆系统GM Guidance Material 指导材料GMC Ground Movement Control 地面活动管制GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift KeyingGMT Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治时间GNAS General NAS 综合国家空域系统GND Ground 地GNE Gross Navigational Error 总导航误差GNR Global Navigation Receiver 全球导航接收机GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System 全球导航卫星系统GNSSP ICAO Global Navigation Satellite Systems Panel 国际民航组织全球卫星导航系统专家组GPSSU Global Positioning System Sensor Unit 全球定位系统（GPS）传感器组件GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite 静地运行环境卫星GOS Grade of Service 服务等级GOSEP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile 政府开放系统互联结构GOSIP Government Open systems Implementation Profile 政府开放系统实施结构GP Glide-Path 下滑道GPIP Glide-Path Intercept Point 下滑道截获点GPIWP Glide Path Intercept Waypoint 滑行道切入点GPO/GPI General Purpose Output/General Purpose Input 通用输出/通用输入GPS Global Positioning System 全球定位系统GPWS Ground Proximity Warming System 近地告警系统GREPECAS Caribean/South American Planning and Implementation Regional Group 加勒比/南美洲计划和实施区域小组GRS Ground-Reference Station 地面基准站GRS80 Geodetic-Reference System－80 大地基准系统－80GS(G/S) Glide Slope 下滑坡度GS Ground Speed 地速GSA General Services Administration 综合服务管理局(联邦政府下属)GSL General Support Laboratory 综合保障实验室GSM Global System （or Mobile）Communication 全球通信系统GWS Graphic Weather Service 图形气象服务HH Homing radio beacon 归航无线电信标HARN High Accuracy Reference Network 高精度参考网HAT Height Above Touchdown 高于接地点的高度HCI Human Computer Interface 人机接口HDD Head Down Display 下视显示器HDG Heading 航向HDOP Horizontal Dilution Of Precision 精度水平扩散因子HEMP High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse 高空电磁脉冲HEO High Elliptical Orbit 高椭圆率轨道HF High Frequency(3-30MHz) 高频HFDL High Frequency Data Link 高频数据链HGA High Gain Antenna 高增益天线HIRF High Intensity Radiated Fields 高强度辐射场HIWAS Hazardous In-flight Weather Advisory Service 飞行时遇危险天气的咨询服务HMI Human Machine Interface 人机接口HPA high power amplifier 高功率放大器HPF Horizontal Position Fix Error 水平位置坐标误差HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator 水平位置指示器HUD Head-up Display 平视显示仪HUI Head up DisplayHVAC Heating, Ventilating, And air Conditioning 加热,通风和空调Hybird GNSS/ILS Precision Approach/Landing based on combination of GNSS localizer and ILS glide pat h 基于GNSS航向和ILS下滑道组合的精密进近/着陆系统Hz Hertz 赫兹IIA5 International Alopabet 5 国际字母表第5号码IACA International Air Carrier Association 国际航空公司协会IACSP International Aeronautical Communication Service Provider 国际航空通信业务提供者IAF Initial Approach Fix 初始进近点（坐标）IAG International Association of Geodetical 国际测地协会IAIN International Association of Institutes of Navigation 国际导航学会联合会IAOPA International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations 航空器企业主和驾驶员协会国际委员会IAP Instrument Approach Procedure 仪表进近程序IAR Intersection of Air Routes 航路交叉点IAS Indicated Air Speed 指示空速IASC Inter Area Speech Circuit 区域间话音线路IATA International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会IBAC International Business Aviation Council 国际商业航空委员会ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织ICCAI(A) International Co-ordination Council of Aerospace Industries Associations 国际宇航工业联合会合作委员会ICD Interface Control Document 接口控制文件ICO Interim Circle Orbit 中高度圆轨道ICSS Integrated Communications Switching System 综合通信转换系统ID Identifier(Identification) 标识码(编码、识别标志)ID Instrument Departure 仪表离场IDSG ICAO Internet Working Standards Drafting Group 国际民航组织网间标准起草小组IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 电气和电子工程师学会IF Intermediate approach Fix 中间进近定位点IFALPA International Federation of Airline Pilots Associations 航空公司驾驶员协会国际联合会IFATCA International Federation of Air Traffic Controllers' Associations 空中交通管制员协会国际联合会IFCN Interfacility Flow Control Network 设施(单位)间流量管制网络IFF 敌我识别器IFM Integrated Flow Management 综合流量管理IFR Instrument Flight Rules 仪表飞行规则IFRB International Frequency Registration Board 国际频率注册委员会IFSS International Flight Service Station 国际飞行服务站IBM International Business Machines (美国)国际商用机器公司ILA International Law Association 国际法律协会ILS Instrument Landing System 仪表着陆系统IMA Integrated Modular Avionics 集成化模块式航空电子设备IMAWP Initial Missed Approach Waypoint 起始复飞航路点IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions 仪表气象条件IMCS Interim MCS 过渡性监控/管制软件IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织IMS Integrity Monitoring System 完好性监视系统IN Information Need 信息需求INMARSAT International Marine Satellite Organization 国际移动卫星组织（原名国际海事卫星组织）INS Inertial Navigation System 惯性导航系统INS Insert 插入INTNET Integrated Data Communications Network 集成化数据通信网络I/O input/output 输入/输出IOACG Informal Indian Ocean Air Traffic Services Coordinating Group 非正式印度洋空中交通服务协调小组IOC Initial Operational Capability 初始运行能力IOD GPS Issue of Data 全球定位系统数据发布ION Institute of Navigation 导航学会IOR Indian Ocean Region 印度洋区域IOT§E Initial Operational Test and Evaluation 初始运行测试和评估IP Internetwork Protocol 网络间协议IPACG Informal Pacific Air Traffic Control Coordination Group 非正式太平洋空中交通管制协调小组IRS Inertial Reference System 惯性参考系统ISA International Standard Atmosphere 国际标准大气ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network 综合业务数字网络ISNS 国际卫星导航服务ISO International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织ISPACG Informal South Pacific ATS Co-Ordination Group 非正式南太平洋空中交通服务协调小组ISSS Initial Sector Suite Subsystem 起始扇区管制席位分系统ITU International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联盟ITWS Integrated Terminal Weather Service 综合终端气象服务IVAD Integrate Voice and Data 综合话音和数据（通信数据链）IVRS Interim Voice Response System 过渡性话音响应系统IWP Interim Working Party 临时工作组JAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies 联合机场气象研究JCAB Japan Civil Aviation Bureau 日本民航局JAWS Joint Airport Weather Studies 联合机场气象研究JPO Joint GPS Planning Office 联合GPS规划办公室JSS Joint Surveillance System 联合监视系统Kbps Kilo bits per second 千位每秒KDP Key Decision Point 关键性决定点kHz Kilohertz 千赫KLAAS Kinematics Local Area Augmentation System 动态地面局域增强系统KLADGNSS Kinematics Local Area Differential GNSS 动态地局域差分GNSSkW Kilowatt 千瓦kWh Kilowatt hour 千瓦小时LL1 1575.42MHz L-Band carrier L1频率L2 1227.6MHz L-Band carrier L2频率LAAS Local Area Augmentation System 局域增强系统LACAC Latin American Civil Aviation Commission 拉丁美洲民航委员会LADGNSS Local Area Differential GNSS 局域差分全球卫星导航系统LADS 局域差分系统LAN Local Area Network 局域网LAT/LONG Latitude/LongitudeLat/Long Reference Waypoint 经/纬度经/纬度参考点L-Band Approx 1,500MHz L 波段（1500兆赫附近频段）LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示LCN Local Communications Network 局域通信网络LDGPS Local Differential GPS 本地差分GPSLEO Low Earth Orbit 近地轨道、低高度轨道LGA Low Gain Antenna 低增益天线LCN Local Communications NetworkLLWSA(S) Low Level Wind Shear Alert System 低空风切变报警系统LMM Locator Middle Marker 航向中指点标LNA Low Noise Amplifier 低噪音放大器LNAV Lateral Navigation 侧向导航LOC Localize Transmitter(Localizer) 航向台发信机LOM Locator Outer Marker 航向外指点标LON Longitude 经度LORAN－C Long Range Navigation System 罗兰－C导航系统LPC Linear Predicative Coding 线性预测编码LRR Long Range Radar 远程雷达LRU Line Replaceable Unit 在线替换部件LSB Least Significant Bit 最低有效位LVA Large Vertical Aperture 大垂直孔径MMALSR Medium-intensity Approach Lighting System with Runway alignment indicator lights 中级亮度进近照明系统，并有跑道对准线显示灯MAP Missed Approach Point 复飞点MAR Minimally Attended Radar 需低度护理的雷达MASPS Minimum Aeronautical System Standards 最低航空系统标准MASPS Minimum Aircraft (Aviation) System Performance Specification(Standards) 最小飞机(航空)系统性能标准扩展频谱MAWP Missed Approached WaypointMB Market Beacon 指点标MBI Message Block Identifier 信息块指示器mbps、Mbit/s mega bits per second 兆位每秒MCA Minimum Crossing Altitude 最低穿越高度MCC Maintenance Control Center 维护控制中心MCDU Multifunction Control Display Unit 多功能控制显示单元MCI Mode C intruder 装有C模式应答器的入侵飞机MCS Master Control Station 主控站MCS Monitoring/Control Software 监控/管制软件MDA Minimum Descent Altitude 最低下降高度MDT Maintenance Data Terminal 维护数据终端MEA Minimum En-route Altitude 最低航路高度MED Manual Entry Device 人工输入器MET Meteorology 气象METAR Meteorological Report of Aerodrome Conditions 机场条件气象报告MFCP Multifunction Control Display Panel 多功能控制显示面板MFDU Multifunction Display Unit 多功能显示单元MHz Megahertz 兆赫MIDANPIRG Middle East Air Navigation Planning and Implementation Regional Group 中东地区航行规划<请合法使用í?t>实施小组MIFR Master International Frequency Registration 国际频率注册管理站(员)MIL Military 军方MKR Marker 指点标MLS Microwave Landing System 微波着陆系统MMALS Multi-Mode Approach and Landing System 多模式进近和着陆系统MMI Man-Machine Interface 人机接口MMR Multi-Mode Receiver 多模式接收机MMS Maintenance Management System 维护管理系统MMW Millimeter Wave 毫米波MNPS Minimum Navigation Performance Specification 最低导航性能规范MNPSA MNPS airspace 最低导航性能规范空域MNT Mach Number Technique 马赫数技术MOCA Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitudes 最低超障净空高度Mode S specific services S模式特定业务MODEM Modulator-Demodulator 调制解调器MOPR Minimum Operational Performance Requirements 最低运行性能要求MOPS Minimum Operational Performance Standards 最低运行性能规范MORA Minimum Off-Route Altitude <请合法使用软件>低偏离航路高度MOS Metal-Oxide Semiconductor 金属-氧化物半导体MOU Memorandum Of Understanding 备忘录MPS Maintenance Processor Subsystem 维护处理机分系统MRA Minimum Reception Altitude 最低接受高度MRT Multi-Radar Tracking 多雷达跟踪MRT-VU Multi-Radar Tracking using Variable Update 采用变化更新的多雷达跟踪MSA Minimum Sector Altitude 最低扇区高度MSAT 移动业务卫星系统（美国的）MSAW Minimum Safe Altitude Warning 最低安全高度警告MSCP Mobile Satellite Service Provider 移动卫星业务提供者MSE Mean Square Error 均方误差MSK Minimum Shift Keying 最小移频键控MSL Mean Sea Level 平均海平面MSP Mode S specific protocol S模式特别协议(规程)MSU Mode Select Unit 模式选择单元MTBA Mean Time Between Alarm(Warning) 平均告警间隔时间MTBF Mean Time Between Failure 平均故障间隔时间MTBO Mean Time Between Outage 平均故障停工间隔时间MTBR Mean Time Between Repairs 平均故障修复间隔时间MTBUR Mean Time Between Unit Replacements 平均更换故障单元间隔时间MTBW Mean Time Between Warning 平均告警间隔时间MTD Maintenance Terminal Display 维护终端显示器MTI Moving Target Indicator 活动目标指示器MTM Module Test and Maintenance 模块测试和维护MTMIU Module Test and Maintenance Bus Interface Unit 模块测试和维护总线接口单元MTN MEGA Transport Network MEGA运输网络MTSAT Multi-Functional Transport Satellite 多功能传送卫星（日本）MTTDA Mean Time To Dispatch Alert 平均签派告警时间MTTF Mean Time To Failure 平均故障时间MTTM Mean Time To Maintenance 平均维护时间MTTR Mean Time to Repair 维平均修时间MTTR Mean Time to Restore 平均恢复时间MU Management Unit 管理单元MUS Minimum Use Specification 最低应用规格MUX Multiplexer 复用器MN Multisensor Navigation 多传感器导航MUX Multiplexer 多工器，复用器MWARA Major World Air Route Area 世界主要航路区MWO Meteorological Watch Office 气象观测台NN Navigation 导航NA Not Applicable 不可用NACK Negative Acknowledgment 出错通知NAD North American Datum 北美数据(基准)NADIN National Airspace Data Interchange Network 国家空域数据交换网NAGU 咨询报告NAILS National Airspace Integrated Logistics Support 国家空域综合后勤保障NAPA 国家公共管理科学院（美国）Nanosecond One billionth of a second 十亿分之一秒NAR National Airspace Review 国家空域审议NARACS National Radio Communications System 国家无线电通信系统NAS National Airspace System 国家空域系统NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 国家航空和宇航局(美国)NASNET National Airspace System Network 国家空域系统网络NASP National Airport System Plan 国家航空港系统计划NASPALS NAS Precision Approach and Landing System 国家空域系统进近和着陆系统NAT North Atlantic 北大西洋地区NAT ADSG North Atlantic Automatic Dependent Surveillance Development Group 北大西洋自动相关监视开发小组NAT ATS North Atlantic Air Traffic Services 北大西洋空中交通服务NAT SPG North Atlantic Systems Planning Group 北大西洋系统规划组NATCOM National Communications Center, Kansas City, Missouri 国家通信中心(位于密苏里州堪萨斯城) NATS National Air Traffic Service 国家空中交通服务NAV NavigationNAVAID Navigational Aid 导航设施NAVAID Radio Aid to Navigation 无线电助(导)收设备NAVD North American Vertical Datum 北美垂直向数据NCA National Control Authority 国家指挥当局NAWP National Aviation Weather Processor 国家航空气象处理机NCC Network Control Center 网络控制中心NCD No-Computed Data 无算出数据NCIU NEXRAD communications interface unit 改进型气象雷达通信接口单元NCP Network Control processor 网络控制处理器NCS Network Coordinating Station 网络协调台NDB Nondirectional Radio Beacon 无方向信标NEAN North European ADS-B Network 北欧ADS－B网络NEOF National Emergency Operations Facilities 国家应急指挥设施NEXRAD Next Generation Weather Radar 改进型气象雷达；下一代气象雷达NGRS National Geodetic Reference System 国家测地参考系统NGS National Geodetic Survey 国家测地勘察NICS NAS Interfacility Communications System 国家空域系统设施间的通信系统NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology 国家标准和技术研究所NLES 导航岸站NM (NMI) Nautical Mile 海里,节NMC National Meteorological Center 国家气象中心(美国)NMCE Network Monitoring and Control Equipment 网络监控设备NMDPS Network Management Data Process System 网络管理数据处理系统NMS Navigation Management System 导航管理系统NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 国家海洋和大气局(美国)NOPAC North Pacific 北太平洋NOTAM Notice to Airmen 航行通告NPA Non-Precision Approach 非精密进近NPDU Network Protocol Data Unit 网络协议数据单元NPLAS National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems 国家综合航空港系统的计划NRC National Research Committee 国家科学研究委员会（美国的）。
民航专业术语
1、the airframe 机身,结构2、The front (fore) part 前部3、The rear (aft) part 后部4、port 左旋(舵)5、starboard 右旋(舵)6、the inboard engine or inboards 内侧发动机7、the outboard engine or outboards 外侧发动机8、the nose 机头9、the belly 腹部10、the skin 蒙皮11、the windscreen or windshield 风挡12、the wing 机翼13、the trailing edge 机翼后缘14、the leading edge 机翼前缘15、the wing tip 翼尖16、the control surface 操纵面17、ailerons 副翼18、flaps (inboard flap,outboard flap,leading edge flaps) 襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘缝翼）19、spoilers (inboardoutboard spoiler)(spoiler downup) 阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开）20、slats 缝翼21、elevators (elevator control tab) 升降舵（升降舵操纵片）22、rudder (rudder control tab) 方向舵（方向舵操纵片）23、flap angle 襟翼角24、flap setting 襟翼调整25、the full flap position 全襟翼位置26、a flapless landing 无襟翼着陆27、the landing gear 起落架28、stabilizer 安定面29、the nose wheel 前轮30、gear locked 起落架锁定31、the wheel well 起落架舱32、the wheel door 起落架舱门33、a tyre 轮胎34、to burst 爆破35、a deflated tyre 放了气的轮胎36、a flat tyre 走了气的轮胎37、a puncture 轮胎被扎破38、to extend the flaps (to retract the flaps) 放下襟翼（收上襟翼）39、gear extention (gear retraction) 起落架放下（起落架收上）40、The gear is jammed. 起落架被卡死。
民航专业术语解释
民航专业术语解释由于机场障碍或飞机本身发生故障（常见的是起落架放不下来），以及其他不宜降落的条件存在时，飞机中止着陆重新拉起转入爬升的过程，称为复飞。
飞机在着陆前有一个决断高度，在飞机下降到这一高度时，仍不具备着陆条件时，就应加大油门复飞，然后再次进行着陆，这一过程同起飞、着陆的全过程是一样的，一般经过一转弯、二转弯、三转弯、四转弯，然后对准跑道延长线再次着陆。
如果着陆条件仍不具备，则可能再次复飞或飞到备用机场降落。
需要明确指出的是，复飞并不可怕，按程序进行复飞不会有任何危险，民航飞机降落前都预先设定了复飞程序，自动化程度高，这是一个很基本的飞行操作程序。
备降：当飞机不能或不宜飞往预定着陆机场或在该机场着陆时，而降落在其他机场，就称为备降。
发生备降的原因很多，主要有航路交通管制、天气状况不佳、预定着陆机场不接收、天气状况差、飞机发生故障等等。
备降机场：Alternate airport当飞机不能或不宜飞往预定着陆机场或在该机场着陆时可以飞往的另一个机场。
备降机场包括起飞备降机场、航路备降机场和目的地备降机场。
备降机场一般在起飞前都已预先选定好，只有发生某些特殊或紧急情况才会临时选择非计划中的备降机场降落。
可控飞行撞地：CFIT（Controlled flight into terrain）在机组操纵原因造成的飞行事故中有一种叫做"可操纵的飞机撞地事故"，即CFIT，就是在飞行中并不是由于飞机本身的故障，或发动机失效等原因发生的事故，而是由于机组在毫无觉察危险的情况下，操纵飞机撞山、撞地或飞入水中，而造成飞机坠毁或严重损坏和人员伤亡的事故。
这类CFIT事故在整个飞行事故中的比例也是比较大的，据国外统计的资料，客机死亡人数约80％是由CFIT造成的。
缩小垂直间隔：RVSM（Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum）即将现代喷气式民航客机巡航阶段所在用的飞行高度层FL290至FL410（含）之间的垂直间隔标准由2000英尺缩小到1000英尺，从而增加空域容量，提高航空公司的运行效益，减轻空中交通管制指挥的工作负荷。
民航专业术语
1、the airframe 机身,结构2、The front (fore) part 前部3、The rear (aft) part 后部4、port 左旋(舵)5、starboard 右旋(舵)6、the inboard engine or inboards 内侧发动机7、the outboard engine or outboards 外侧发动机8、the nose 机头9、the belly 腹部10、the skin 蒙皮11、the windscreen or windshield 风挡12、the wing 机翼13、the trailing edge 机翼后缘14、the leading edge 机翼前缘15、the wing tip 翼尖16、the control surface 操纵面17、ailerons 副翼18、flaps (inboard flap,outboard flap,leading edge flaps) 襟翼（内侧襟翼，外侧襟翼，前缘缝翼）19、spoilers (inboardoutboard spoiler)(spoiler downup) 阻力板，扰流板（内、外侧扰流板）（扰流板放下、打开）20、slats 缝翼21、elevators (elevator control tab) 升降舵（升降舵操纵片）22、rudder (rudder control tab) 方向舵（方向舵操纵片）23、flap angle 襟翼角24、flap setting 襟翼调整25、the full flap position 全襟翼位置26、a flapless landing 无襟翼着陆27、the landing gear 起落架28、stabilizer 安定面29、the nose wheel 前轮30、gear locked 起落架锁定31、the wheel well 起落架舱32、the wheel door 起落架舱门33、a tyre 轮胎34、to burst 爆破35、a deflated tyre 放了气的轮胎36、a flat tyre 走了气的轮胎37、a puncture 轮胎被扎破38、to extend the flaps (to retract the flaps) 放下襟翼（收上襟翼）39、gear extention (gear retraction) 起落架放下（起落架收上）40、The gear is jammed. 起落架被卡死。
民航专业术语解释
民航专业术语解释本节内容介绍的是经常在民航相关新闻、文章中出现的一些常用专业用语、参数、缩略语的基本含义，可能涉及较深的专业知识，当然有些定义、介绍不够专业、严谨、准确，还请见谅，欢迎你提供相关资料。
本文内容在陆续增加和更新中，部分专业用语如在本站常用术语中已有专文介绍后，将不在此作重复介绍。
复飞：GA（Go Around）：由于机场障碍或飞机本身发生故障（常见的是起落架放不下来），以及其他不宜降落的条件存在时，飞机中止着陆重新拉起转入爬升的过程，称为复飞。
飞机在着陆前有一个决断高度，在飞机下降到这一高度时，仍不具备着陆条件时，就应加大油门复飞，然后再次进行着陆，这一过程同起飞、着陆的全过程是一样的，一般经过一转弯、二转弯、三转弯、四转弯，然后对准跑道延长线再次着陆。
如果着陆条件仍不具备，则可能再次复飞或飞到备用机场降落。
需要明确指出的是，复飞并不可怕，按程序进行复飞不会有任何危险，民航飞机降落前都预先设定了复飞程序，自动化程度高，这是一个很基本的飞行操作程序。
备降：当飞机不能或不宜飞往预定着陆机场或在该机场着陆时，而降落在其他机场，就称为备降。
发生备降的原因很多，主要有航路交通管制、天气状况不佳、预定着陆机场不接收、天气状况差、飞机发生故障等等。
备降机场：Alternate airport当飞机不能或不宜飞往预定着陆机场或在该机场着陆时可以飞往的另一个机场。
备降机场包括起飞备降机场、航路备降机场和目的地备降机场。
备降机场一般在起飞前都已预先选定好，只有发生某些特殊或紧急情况才会临时选择非计划中的备降机场降落。
可控飞行撞地：CFIT（Controlled flight into terrain）在机组操纵原因造成的飞行事故中有一种叫做"可操纵的飞机撞地事故"，即CFIT，就是在飞行中并不是由于飞机本身的故障，或发动机失效等原因发生的事故，而是由于机组在毫无觉察危险的情况下，操纵飞机撞山、撞地或飞入水中，而造成飞机坠毁或严重损坏和人员伤亡的事故。
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AIRPORT MASTER PLAN UPDATE GLOSSARY DEL RIO, TEXAS access taxiway: A taxiway that provides access to a particular location or area.active based aircraft: Aircraft that have a current Airworthiness Certificate and are based at an airport. actual runway length: The length of full-width usable runway from end to end of full strength pavement where those runways are paved, and which meet FAA criteria.administrative building: A building or buildings accommodating airport administration activity and public facilities for itinerant and local flying, usually associated with general aviation fixed-based operations.Advisory Circular (AC): FAA publications consisting of all non-regulatory material of a policy, guidance, and technical nature. Used as basic source for most airport design criteria.aircraft: A device that is used or intended to be used for flight in the air. (FAR Part 1)aircraft mix: The range of categories of aircraft which are to be accommodated at the airport. Mix is usually defined in percentages of categories such as multi engine, jet, turbo-prop, etc.aircraft operations: A take-off or landing by an aircraft. There are two types of operations - local and itinerant.(1) Local operations are performed by aircraft which:(a) Operate in the local traffic pattern of within sight of the airport.(b) Are known to be departing for, or arriving from, flight in local practice areas within a 20-mile radius of the airport.(c) Execute simulated instrument approaches or low passes at the airport.(2) Itinerant operations are all aircraft operations other than local operations.aircraft tiedown: Positions on the ground surface that are available for securing aircraft.airport capacity: The rate of aircraft movements on the runway/taxiway system which results in a given level of delay, usually four minutes to departing aircraft.air navigation facility (NAVAID): Any facility used as, available for use as, or designed for use as an aid to air navigation, including lights, radio or other electronic communication, and any other device for guiding and controlling flight in the air or the landing or takeoff of aircraft.airport: An area of land or water that is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of aircraft, and includes its buildings and facilities, if any. (FAR Part 1)Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982: Re-established the operation of the Airport and Airway Trust Fund with a slightly revised schedule of user taxes. Funds the airport improvement program (AIP).airport beacon: A visual navigation aid displaying alternating white and green flashes to indicate a lighted land based airport or white flashes only for an unlighted airport.airport configuration:The relative layout of component parts of an airport such as the runway-taxiway-terminal arrangement.airport elevation: The highest point of an airport's usable runways measured in feet from mean sea level.airport imaginary surfaces: Imaginary surfaces established at an airport for obstruction determination purposes and consisting of primary, approach-departure, horizontal, vertical, conical, and transitional surfaces.Airport Improvement Program (AIP): A federal aid to airports program similar to ADAP covering the period from 1983 to 1987. This program is funded form the Aviation Trust Fund, which in turn is paid for by user taxes.airport layout plan: A plan for an airport showing boundaries and proposed additions to all areas owned or controlled by the sponsor for airport purposes, the location and nature of existing and proposed airport facilities and structures, and the location on the airport of the existing and proposed non-aviation areas and improvements thereon.Airport Master Plan:Presents the planner's conception of the ultimate development of a specific airport. It presents the research and logic from which the plan was evolved and displays the plan in a graphic and written report.airport requirements: First phase of the airport master plan which specifies new or expanded facilities that will be needed during the planning period. This involves cataloging existing facilities and forecasting future traffic demand. The planner compares the capacity of existing facilities with future demand, identifying where demand will exceed capacity, and what new facilities will be necessary. airport sponsor: A public agency or tax-supported organization such as an airport authority, that is authorized to own and operate the airport, to obtain property interests, to obtain funds, and to be legally, financially, and otherwise able to meet all applicable requirements of current laws and regulations.airspace: Space in the air above the surface of the Earth or a particular portion of such space, usually defined by the boundaries of an area on the surface projected upward.airside facilities:The airfield on which aircraft operations are carried out, including runways and taxiways.airspace capacity:Includes the proximity of airports to one another, the relationship of runway alignments, and the nature of operations (IFR or VFR) in the area.approach and clear zone layout: A graphic presentation to scale of the imaginary surfaces defined in FAR Part 77.approach path: A specific flight course laid out in the vicinity of an airport and designed to bring aircraft in to safe landings; usually delineated by suitable navigational aids.approach slope ratio: The ratio of horizontal to vertical distance indicating the degree of inclination of the approach surface. A 50-to-1 approach surface means a rise of one foot for each fifty feet along the ground.approach surface:An imaginary surface longitudinally centered on the extended centerline of the runway, beginning at the end of the primary surface and rising outward and upward to a specified height above the established airport elevation.apron: A defined area, on a land airport, intended to accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers or cargo, refueling, parking, or maintenance.aviation easement: A grant of a property interest inland over which a right of unobstructed flight in the airspace is established.based aircraft: The total number of active general aviation aircraft which use or may be expected to use an airport as a "home base".building area:An area on an airport to be used, considered, or intended to be used, for airport buildings or other airport facilities or rights-of-way, together with all airport buildings and facilities located thereon.building restriction line: A line shown on the airport layout plan beyond which airport buildings must not be positioned in order to limit their proximity to aircraft movement areas.civil airport user categories: As used by airport planners, refers to the four major types of airports: certified air carrier, commuter, general aviation, and military.clear zone: Areas constituting the innermost portions of the runway approach areas as defined in FAR Part 77. Current terminology is "Runway Protection Zone" (RPZ).crosswind runway: A crosswind runway is an additional runway constructed to provide supplemental wind coverage at airports that experience wide variations in wind direction. FAA requires an airport to have 95% coverage of average wind on a annual basis. If the primary runway does not reach 95%, another runway may be required.decibel (dB): A unit of noise level representing a relative quantity. This reference value is a sound pressure of 20 micronewtons per square meter.Department of Transportation, Texas (TxDOT): The Texas Department of Transportation –Aviation Division perform AIP block grant administration for general aviation airport projects in Texas, provides technical support to airport sponsors and acts as agent for airport consulting and construction contracts. Department of Transportation (DOT): Established in 1966 to promote coordination of existing federalprograms and to act as a focal point for future research and development efforts in transportation.design group: The Federal Aviation Administration classifies airports by use of the AIRPORT REFERENCE CODE (ARC), which is a coding system used to relate airport design criteria to the operational and physical characteristics of the airplanes intended to operate at the airport. This code is divided into two components. The first is depicted by a letter the airport approach category (operational characteristic) and relates to aircraft approach speed. The second component depicted by a roman numeral is the airplane design group and related to airplane wingspan (physical characteristic). Example: C-II is for airport with landing approach speeds of 120-141 knots and a span of 49’-72’.displaced threshold: The threshold is the end of the runway surface available for landing. Displacing the threshold moves the landing point further down the runway. It iis usually done to provide approach path clearance over obstructions or to reduce the land required for runway safety protection zones. downwind leg: A flight path in the traffic pattern parallel to the landing runway in the direction opposite to landing. It extends to the intersection of the base leg.effective runway length: (a) Effective runway length for takeoff means the distance from the end of the runway at which the takeoff is started to the point at which the obstruction clearance plane associated with the other end of the runway intersects the runway center-line. (FAR Part 121.171b) (b) Effective runway length for landing means the distance from the point at which the obstruction clearance plane associated with the approach end of the runway intersects the centerline of the runway to the far end thereof. (FAR Part 121-171.b)entrance taxiway: A taxiway that provides entrance for aircraft to the takeoff end of the runway.exit taxiway: A taxiway used as an exit from a runway to another runway, apron or other aircraft operating area.FAR Part 77:Defines obstructions to air navigation and requires notice to FAA of certain types of construction on and near airports.FAR Part 150, Airport Noise and Land Use Compatibility Planning: Designed to assist airport operators in determining the extent and nature of the noise problem at a given airport.Federal Aviation Administration (FAA):Created by the act that established the Department of Transportation. Assumed all of the responsibilities of the former Federal Aviation Agency.final approach area(s):Areas of defined dimensions protected for aircraft executing instrument approaches.final approach (IFR): The flight path of an aircraft which is inbound to the airport on an approved final instrument approach course, beginning at the final approach fix or point and extending to the airport or the point where circling for landing or missed approach is executed.final approach (VFR): A flight path, in the traffic pattern, of a landing aircraft in the direction of landing along the extended runway centerline from the base leg to the runway.fuel flowage fees: Fees levied by the airport operator per gallon of aviation gasoline and jet fuel sold atthe airport.general aviation: That portion of civil aviation which encompasses all facets of aviation except air carriers holding a certificate of convenience and necessity form the Civil Aeronautics Board, and large aircraft commercial operators.general aviation airports: Those airports with fewer than 2,500 annual enplaned passengers and those used exclusively by private and business aircraft not providing air-carrier passenger service.general aviation itinerant operations:Takeoffs and landings of civil aircraft (exclusive of air carrier) operating on other than local flights.glideslope transmitter:An ILS navigation facility in the terminal area electronic navigation system, providing vertical guidance for aircraft during approach and landing by radiating a directional pattern of VHF radio waves modulated by two signals which, when received with equal intensity, are displayed by compatible airborne equipment as an "on-path" indication.Global Positioning System (GPS): A satellite base air navigation system that relies upon signals received from multiple satellite by special equipment in the aircraft. A highly accurate system that provides precise aircraft position information. The system will eventually be approved to provide vertical guidance (glideslope) as well.heliport: An area of land, water, or structure used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff of helicopters. (FAR Part 1)holding areas: Run-up areas located at or very near the ends of runways for pilots to make final checks and await final clearance for takeoff.horizontal surface: A specified portion of a horizontal plane located 150 feet above the established airport elevation which establishes the height above which an object is determined to be an obstruction to air navigation.IFR airport: An airport with an authorized instrument approach procedure.IFR conditions: Weather conditions below the minimum for flight under visual flight rules. (FAR Part 1).ILS Category I: An ILS which provides acceptable guidance information from the coverage limits of the ILS to the point at which the localizer course line intersects the glide path at a height of 100 feet above the horizontal plane containing the runway threshold. A Category I ILS supports landing minima as low as 200 ft. above terrain and 1800 visibility.ILS Category II: An ILS which provides acceptable guidance information from the coverage limits of the ILS to the point at which the localizer course line intersects the glide path at a height of 50 feet above the horizontal plane containing the runway threshold. A Category II ILS supports landing minima as low as 100 ft. above terrain and 1200 visibility.ILS Category III: An ILS which provides acceptable guidance information from the coverage limits of the ILS with no decision height specified above the horizontal plane containing the runway threshold.Instrument approach: An approach to an airport, with intent to land, by an aircraft flying in accordance with an IFR flight plan, when the visibility is less than 3 miles and/or when the ceiling is at or below the minimum initial altitude.Instrument approach runway: A runway served by an electronic aid providing at least directional guidance adequate for a straight-in approach.Instrument Flight Rules (IFR): FAR rules that govern the procedures for conducting instrument flight. (FAR Part 91)Instrument landing system (ILS): A system which provides in the aircraft, the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical guidance necessary for a landing.Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC): Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling less than the minima specified for visual meteorological conditions.Instrument runway: A runway equipped with electronic and visual navigation aids and for which a straight-in (precision or non-precision) approach procedure has been approved or is planned.Itinerant operations: All aircraft arrivals and departures other than local operations.landing area: any locality, either on land or water, including airports, heliports and STOL ports, which is used or intended to be used for the landing and takeoff or surface maneuvering of aircraft, whether or not facilities are provided for the shelter, servicing, or repair of aircraft, or for receiving or discharging of passengers or cargo.landing roll: The distance from the point of touchdown to the point where the aircraft can be brought to a stop, or exit the runway.landside operations: Those parts of the airport designed to serve passengers including the terminal buildings, vehicular circular drive, and parking facilities.land use plan: Shows on-airport land uses as developed by the airport sponsor under the master plan effort and off-airport land uses as developed by surrounding communities.large aircraft: Aircraft of more than 12,500 pounds maximum certificated takeoff weight. (FAR Part 1).lighted airport: An airport where runway and associated obstruction lighting is available form sunset to sunrise or during periods of reduced visibility or on request of the pilot.local operations: As pertaining to air traffic operations, aircraft operating in the local traffic pattern or within sight of the tower; aircraft known to be departing for, or arriving from, flight in local practice areas located within a 20-mile radius of the control tower; aircraft executing simulated instrument approaches or low passes at the airport.local traffic: Aircraft operating in the local traffic pattern or within sight of the tower, or aircraft known to be departing for or arriving from flight in local practice areas, or aircraft executing simulated instrument approaches at the airport.marking:On airports, a pattern of contrasting colors placed on the pavement, turf, or other usable surface by paint or other means to provide specific information to aircraft pilots and sometimes to operators of ground vehicles, on the movement areas.Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System (MALS):An arrangement of light fixtures providing guidance to pilots during an instrument approach. The system is installed at the end of the instrument runway and may be varied in brightness to increase visibility in poor weather.Microwave Landing System (MLS):An instrument approach and landing system operating in the microwave frequencies (5.0-5.25GHz/15.4-15.7GHz) that provides precision guidance in azimuth, elevation, and distance measurement.municipal airport: An airport owned by a city and run as a department of the city, with policy direction by the city council and, in some cases, by a separate airport commission or advisory board.National Airport System Plan (NASP): A plan specifying in terms of general location and type of development the projects considered by the Administrator to be necessary to provide a system of public airports adequate to anticipate and meet the needs of civil aeronautics. (See criteria for inclusion in NASP)National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS): The Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 required the FAA to develop the NPIAS by September 1984. The legislation called for identification of national airport system needs including development costs in the short and long run.Nonprecision Instrument Runway: A runway having an existing instrument approach procedure utilizing air navigation facilities with only horizontal guidance for which a straight-in or circling nonprecision instrument approach procedure has been approved.obstruction light: A light, or group of lights, usually red, mounted on a surface structure or natural terrain to warn pilots of the presence of a flight hazard; either an incandescent lamp with a red globe or a strobe light.obstruction marking/lighting:Distinctive marking and lighting to provide a uniform means for indicating the presence of obstructions.operating statement:Records an airport's revenues and expenses over a particular time period (quarterly and annually).operational activity forecasts:Include forecasts of operations by major user categories (air carrier, commuter, general aviation, and military).parking apron: An apron intended to accommodate parked aircraft.pavement subgrade:The upper part of the soil, natural or constructed, which supports the loads transmitted by the runway pavement structure.pavement surface course:The top course of a pavement, usually Portland cement concrete or bituminous concrete, which supports the traffic load.precision approach path indicator (PAPI): A visual approach aid for pilots on final approach to a runway. The PAPI allows the pilot to determine if the aircraft above, below or on the glide slope. A combination of red and white lights are used. There are also other visual approach aids such as VASI (Visual Approach Slope Indicator) that provided similar information.public airport: An airport for public use, publicly owned and under control of a public agency.public-use airport:An airport open to the public without prior permission and without restrictions within the physical capacities of available facilities.Regional Airport Planning: Air transportation planning for the region as a whole including all airports in the region, both large and small.reliever airports: A subset of general aviation airports which have the function of relieving congestion at primary commercial airports and providing more access for general aviation to the overall community.relocated threshold: An area preceding the runway arrows unusable for takeoff or landing.revenue bonds: Bonds which are payable solely from the revenues derived form the operation of a facility which was constructed or acquired with the proceeds of the bonds.runway: A defined rectangular area on a land airport prepared for the landing and takeoff run of aircraft along its length.runway bearing: The magnetic or true bearing of the runway centerline as measured form magnetic or true North.runway capacity: The number of aircraft operations which can be accommodated by a runway without undue delay to aircraft. Undue delays are when delays to departures average four minutes during the normal peak two-hour period of the day.runway centerline lighting system:The runway centerline lighting system consists of single lights installed at uniform intervals along the runway centerline so as to provide a continuous lighting reference form threshold to threshold.runway direction number: A whole number to the nearest one tenth of the magnetic bearing of the runway and measured in degrees clockwise from magnetic north.runway end identification lights (REIL):An airport lighting facility in the terminal area navigation system consisting of one flashing white high intensity light installed at each approach end corner of a runway and directed toward the approach zone, which enables the pilot to identify the threshold of a usable runway.runway gradient (effective): The average gradient consisting of the difference in elevation of the two ends of the runway divided by the runway length may be used provided that no intervening point on the runway profile lies more than 5 feet above or below a straight line joining the two ends of the runway. In excess of 5 feet, the runway profile will be segmented and aircraft data will be applied for each segment separately.runway length-landing:The measured length form the threshold to the end of the runway. Cannot include Runway Safety Area length.runway length-takeoff: The measured length from where the takeoff is designated to begin to the end of the runway.runway lights:Lights having a prescribed angle of emission used to define the lateral limits of a runway. Runway light intensity may be controllable or preset, and are uniformly spaced at intervals of approximately 200 feet.runway markings: (1) Basic marking-markings on runways used for operations under visual flight rules, consisting of centerline marking and runway direction numbers, and if required, letters. (2) Instrument marking-markings on runways served by nonvisual navigation aids and intended for landings under instrument weather conditions, consisting of basic marking plus threshold marking. (3) All-weather marking-markings on runways served by nonvisual precision approach aids and on runways having special operational requirements, consisting of instrument markings plus landing zone marking and side strips.runway orientation: The magnetic bearing of the centerline of the runway.runway protection zone:An area at ground level whose perimeter conforms to the runway's innermost approach surface projected vertically. It begins at the end of the primary surface and it terminates directly below the point or points where the approach surface reaches a height of 50 feet above the elevation of the runway end.runway safety areas:Cleared, drained, graded, and usually turfed areas abutting the edges of the usable runway and symmetrically located about the runway. It extends 1000 feet beyond each runway end for a transport airport. The width varies according to the type of runway. (Formerly called "landing strip.")runway strength: The assumed ability of a runway to support aircraft of a designated gross weight for each of single-wheel, dual-wheel, and dual-tandem-wheel gear types.runway threshold marking: Markings so placed as to indicate the longitudinal limits of that portion of the runway usable for landing.scheduled service:Transport service operated over routes based on published flight schedules, including extra sections and related nonrevenue flights.secondary runway: A runway which provides additional wind coverage or capacity to expedite traffic handling.segmented circle: A basic marking device used to aid pilots in locating airports, and which provides a central location for such indicators and signal devices as may be required.shoulder: As pertaining to airports, an area adjacent to the edge of a paved surface so prepared to provide a transition between the pavement and the adjacent surface for aircraft running off the pavement, for drainage and sometimes for blast protection.single runway: An airport having one runway.slot: A block of time allocated to an airport user to perform an aircraft operation (takeoff or landing). small aircraft: Aircraft of 12,500 pounds or less maximum certificated takeoff weight. (FAR Part 1) spalling: Fractured edges in and around the joint area of concrete due to the tremendous pressures generated during expansion and contraction of the slabs.taxiway: A defined path, usually paved, over which aircraft can taxi from one part of an airport to another.taxiway centerline lighting: A system of flush or semiflush in-pavement lights indicating the taxiway centerline.taxiway safety area: A cleared, drained, and graded area, symmetrically located about the extended taxiway centerline and adjacent to the end of the taxiway safety area.terminal apron: An area provided for parking and positioning of aircraft in the vicinity of the terminal building for loading and unloading.terminal area: The area used or intended to be used for such facilities as terminal and cargo buildings, gates, hangars, shops, and other service buildings; automobile parking, airport motels and restaurants, and garages and vehicle service facilities used in connection with the airport; and entrance and service roads used by the public within the boundaries of the airport.terminal area capacity: The ability of the terminal area to accept the passengers, cargo, and aircraft that the airfield accommodates.terminal building: A building or buildings designed to accommodate the enplaning and deplaning activities of air carrier passengers.terminal facilities: The airport facilities providing services for air carrier operations which serve as a center for the transfer of passengers and baggage between surface and air transportation.T-hangar: An aircraft hangar in which aircraft are parked alternately tail to tail, each in the T-shaped space left by the other row of aircraft or aircraft compartments.threshold:The designated beginning of the runway that is available and suitable for the landing of airplanes.total operations:All arrivals and departures performed by military, general aviation, and air carrier aircraft.transitional surface: A surface which extends outward and upward from the sides of the primary and approach surfaces normal to the runway centerline which identifies the height limitations on an object before it becomes an obstruction to air navigation.。