信管专业英语第一章精品PPT课件
信管专业英语基础知识(1)
17
专业英语中的词汇来源
来源于英语中的普通词，但被赋予了新的词义。 来源于希腊或拉丁语。 由两个或两个以上的单词组成合成词。 派生词（derivation） 借用词 通过词类转化构成新词 名词化
信息管理专业英语
18
来源于英语中的普通词 但被赋予了新的词义
信息管理专业英语 的基础知识(一)
信息管理专业英语
1
信管专业英语基础知识
专业英语的特点 信管专业英语词汇的构词法分析 信管专业英语资料的阅读与翻译 专业英语中的常用语法知识
信息管理专业英语
2
1.1 专业英语的特点
科技文体是自然科学和技术人员从事专业 活动时使用的一种文体，如科学著作、学 术论文、实验报告、设计报告、科技产品 说明书、科技产品操作指导等都属于科技 文体。科技文体讲究逻辑的条理清楚和叙 述的准确严密，与其它文体有显著的区别
信息管理专业英语
21
有短划线“-”连接的合成词
push +up → push-up 上拉 pull + down → pull-down 下拉 paper + free → paper-free 无纸的 jumper + free → jumper-free 无跳线的 user + centric → user-centric 以用户为中心的 power + plant → power-plant 发电站 conveyer + belt → conveyer-belt 传送带 machine + made → machine-made 机制的 reading + room → reading-room 阅览室
信息管理专业英语16学时第一课精品PPT课件
硬件
– software
软件
– middleware 中间件、中间设备
– groupware – peopleware
组件、群件 人件
next
The Definition of Middleware Middleware serves to ‘glue
together’ or mediate between two separate and often already existing programs.
语法的特点 ❖客观（objectivity） ❖精练（conciseness） ❖准确（accuracy）
客观（objectivity）
❖因为要求客观，所以常用被动语态和一 般现在时。有人统计专业英语中被动语 态的句子要占1/3至1/2。
精练（conciseness）
❖因为要求精练，专业英语中常希望用尽 可能少的单词来清晰地表达原意。这就 导致了名词化单词或词组及其他简化形 式的广泛使用。
时态的特点
❖至于一般过去时、一般完成时也在专业 英语中经常出现，如科技报告、科技新 闻、科技史料等。
读、写 ❖词 ❖句 ❖段
词汇 ❖普通词被赋予新的词义 ❖派生词 ❖合成词 ❖借用词 ❖通过词类转化构成新词 ❖名词化
派生词(derivation)
这类词汇根据已有的词加上某种前 后缀，或以词根生成、或以构词成分形 成新的词。科技英语词汇中有很大一部 分来源于拉丁语、希腊语等外来语，有 的是直接借用，有的是在它们之上不断 创造出新的词汇。这些词汇的构词成分 (前、后缀、词根等)较固定，构成新词 以后便于揣度词义，易于记忆。
次技术词汇（sub-technical words）
❖次技术词汇是指不受上下文限制的各专 业中出现频率都很高的词。这类词往往 在不同的专业中具有不同的含义
管理专业英语完整版PPT培训课件
Scientific management: This theory emphasizes the use of scientific methods to improve work efficiency and productivity It emphasizes the standardization of work processes, the use of time and motion studies, and the development of job descriptions and instructions
Analysis
目录
• Improvement of Management Professional English Application Ability
• Summary and Outlook
目录
01
Introduction
Training objectives and significance
Organization development
Organization development is a management approach that emphasizes changes and development in organizations It uses a variety of techniques to help organizations improve their performance, including team building, training, and reconstruction
Overview of Training Content
Management related English documents
管理信息系统精要版最新版英文教学课件第1章
Business Information Systems
in Your Career
Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career
STUDENT LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career
The Role of Information Systems in Business Today
Interactive Session: People Meet the New Mobile Workers • Read the Interactive Session and then discuss the following questions:
Essentials of Management Information Systems
Chapter 1 Business Information Systems in Your Career
THE SF GIANTS WIN BIG WITH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• San Franciso Giansts/AT&T Stadium uses Fieldf/x to improve team decision making, Qcue to provide dynamic ticket pricing, and wireless technology to provide services for fans.
《管理信息技术》ppt课件(英文版)—
Benefits and Costs - Other measures
Distinguishing between investments in infrastructure and investments in specific applications will assist the analysis. IT infrastructure, provides the foundations for IT applications in the enterprise (data center, networks, date warehouse, and knowledge base) and are long-term investments shared by many applications throughout the enterprise. IT applications, are specific systems and programs for achieving certain (payroll, inventory control, order taking) objectives and can be shared by several departments, which makes evaluation of their costs and benefits complex.
present value of the future benefits to the cost required to achieve
those benefits.
•
Return on investment ( ROI) measures the effectiveness of
信息管理与信息系统专业英语ch1ch4 PPT课件
• involve verb
• 1 if an activity or situation involves something, that thing is part of it or a result of it:
• 这个工作包含些什么？ • 我没有意识到排练一个话剧需要这么多
工作。 • 尽可能让更多的孩子参与到游戏中来
Tactical Information Systems Strategic Information Systemrcises Ch1-Ch4
Words & expressions
• Involve • Process • Account, account for • Occur • Adjust • Pack, package • Validate • Identify
validate
• formal to prove that something is true or correct, or to make a document or agreement officially and legally acceptable [= confirm]:
• 许多科学家都计划等待直到研究结果被 将来的研究所证实
•
possibility
•
predictability
• -tive …的
• Objective • Descriptive • Competitive • Comparative • Distinctive • repetitive
Macro-宏观的 macroeconomics
• -based基于，以……为基础 • Computer-based • rate-based 基于速率的 • credit-based 基于信誉的 • file-based 基于文件的 • event-based 基于事件的
学术英语 管理类 Unit 1 studying business.ppt
• Subheadings are usually marked out in a different font from the rest of the text. Or there is space inserted above and below them. They are either gerundial phrases, participle phrases, prepositional phrases or infinitive phrases.
Text A
Language building-up
Specialized vocabulary
Specialized vocabulary consists of the words and phrases used regularly in a given subject area. For example, you might read the following sentences in an article about ocean and life.
• What are the skills that you can learn from university courses?
• What are the skills that you need to learn outside the university?
Unit 1 Studying Business
Unit 1 Studying Business
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Subheadings
Tip
• Subheadings enable readers to find detailed information quickly. Effective subheadings represent distinct aspects of a topic. They also give the reader an idea of how deeply a topic is covered.
信息管理专业英语教程1
New Words
field application 用软件 usage interaction consider branch incorporate cognitive 的 perspective stakeholder [fi:ld] n.领域,区域 [7Apli5keiFEn] n.应用,应用程序,应
[5ju:sidV] n.使用,用法 [7intEr5AkFEn] n.交互作用 [kEn5sidE] vt.考虑,照顾,认为 [brB:ntF] n.枝,分枝 [in5kC:pEreit] v.合并,并入 [5kC^nitiv] adj.认知的,认识的,有感知 [pE5spektiv] n.远景,观点,看法,观点,观察 [5steikhEuldE] n.股东
New Words
perform [pE5fC:m] vt.履行,执行 database [5deitbeis] n.数据库 hardware [5hB:dwZE] n.硬件 administration [Edminis5treiFEn] n.管理,经营,行政部 门 communications [kEmju:ni5keiFEnz] n.通信 combine [kEm5bain] v.(使)联合,(使)结 合 describe [dis5kraib] v.描述 produce [prE5dju:s] n.产品 vt.提出,出示,生产 disseminate [di5semineit] vt.散布,传播（消息、观念 等） grasp [^rB:sp] vt.&n.抓住,抓紧,掌握,领会
New Words
iterative [5itErEtiv] adj.重复的,反复的,迭代的 principle [5prinsEpl] n.法则,原则,原理 design [di5zain] n.&v.设计,计划 support [sE5pC:t] vt.支持 convert [kEn5vE:t] vt.转变,变换 protect [prE5tekt] vt.保护 transmit [trAnz5mit] vt.传输,转送,传达,传导,传 播 encompass [in5kQmpEs] vt.包括,包含 recognizable [5rekE^naizEbl] adj.可认识的,可辨 认的,可公认的,可 认知的 professional [prE5feFEnl] n. 专业人员,职业艺人 adj.专业的,职业的
信管专业英语
Unit 1 Management Information SystemTextIntroduction to Management Information SystemWhat Is MIS?The first step in learning how to apply information technology to solve problems is to get a broader picture of what is meant by the term management information system. You probably have some experience with using computers and various software packages. Yet, computers are only one component of a management information system. A management information system (MIS), or computer information system (CIS), consists of five related components: hardware, software, people, procedures, and collections of data. The term information technology (IT) represents the various types of hardware and software used in an information system, including computers and networking equipment. The goal of MIS is to enable managers to make heifer decisions by providing quality information.The physical equipment used in computing is called hardware. The set of instructions that controls the hardware is known as software. In the early days of computers, the people directly involved in MIS tended to be programmers, design analysts, and a few external users. Today, almost everyone in the firm is involved with the information system. Procedures are instructions that help people use the systems. They include items such as user manuals, documentation, and procedures to ensure that backups are made regularly. Data-bases are collections of related data that can be retrieved easily and processed by the computers. As you will see in the cases throughout the book, all of these components are vital to creating an effective information system.So what is information? One way to answer that question is to examine the use of information technology on three levels: (1) data management, (2) information systems, and (3) knowledge bases. Data consists of factual elements (or opinions or comments) that describe some object or event. Data can be thought of as raw numbers or text. Data management systems focus on data collection and providing basic reports. Information represents data that has been processed, organized, and integrated to provide more insight. Information systems are designed to help managers analyze data and make decisions. From a decision maker’s standpoint, the challenge is that you might not know ahead of time which information you need, so it is hard to determine what data you need to collect. Knowledge represents a higher level of understanding, including rules, patterns, and decisions. Knowledge-based systems are built to automatically analyze data, identify patterns, and recommend decisions. Humans are also capable of wisdom, where they put knowledge, experience, and analytical skills to work to create new knowledge and adapt to changing situations. T o date no computer system has attained the properties of wisdom.To create an effective information system, you need to do more than simply purchase the various components. Quality is an important issue in business today, particularly as itrelates to information systems. The quality of an information system is measured by its ability to provide exactly the information needed by managers in a timely manner. The information must be accurate and up-to-date. Users should be able to receive the information in a variety of formats: tables of data, graphs, summary statistics, or even pictures or sound. Users have different perspectives and different requirements, and a good information system must have the flexibility to present information in diverse forms for each user.Why Is Information Technology Important?Personal ProductivityAn enormous amount of data is available to managers—generated internally and externally. It is impossible to deal with this volume of data without information technology. The era of “pure” managers who simply direct other people is gone. Managers today must be capable of performing the tasks within their area of expertise. For example, accounting managers still practice accounting, lawyers handle cases, and financial managers still track investments. In other words, managers do two jobs: perform basic day-to-day functions, as well as plan, organize, and communicate.Firms are increasingly required to improve productivity, which means that each year managers must increase production without increasing the number of workers. Information technology is critical to this improvement process, enabling employees to perform more tasks, getting work done faster at lower cost.Teamwork and CommunicationIt is tempting to believe that once you learn how to use a word processor, a spreadsheet program, and a Web browser, you have all the computer knowledge needed to solve business problems. In fact, these are powerful tools that will help you solve business problems that arise at a personal level. But businesses have many more levels of problems, such as data collection, departmental teamwork, information shared throughout the corporation, and uses of if that help the business gain a competitive advantage.You also need to understand database, groupware, and enterprise tools that give you access to data across the company and help you share it with team members around the world. Most companies are in a continual race to get products and services to customers faster than the competition. Moving communication away from paper to electronic messages and online meetings can significantly reduce the time required to coordinate a group and make decisions—speeding up the overall process.Business Operations and StrategyInformation technology is increasingly critical to the daily operations of a business. Obviously, online businesses cannot live without technology, but neither can the local grocery stores, bank, or many other businesses. Computers process sales, handle payments, and place new orders. They also analyze the sales data and help set prices and predict trends. Information technology is also used to create new products and services or to provide unique features to existing products. These new features can give your company. a strategic advantage and help the company grow.What do managers do?Traditional Management and ObservationsTo create useful information systems, it is helpful to examine the various roles of management. Traditional concepts of management focus on organizing, planning, and control. However, when observed at their jobs, managers appear to spend most of their time in meetings, talking on the phone, reading or preparing reports, discussing projects with their colleagues, explaining procedures, and participating in other activities that are difficult to fit into the traditional framework.Henry Mintzberg, a psychologist who studies management, classifies managerial tasks into three categories: (1) interpersonal, (2) informational, and (3) decisional. Interpersonal roles refer to teaching and leading employees. Informational tasks are based on the transfer of information throughout the organization, such as relaying information to subordinates or summarizing information for executives. Decisions involve evaluating alternatives and choosing directions that benefit the firm.Other researchers have studied managers and developed alternative classifications. Fred Luthans uses three classifications of management activities. He indicates that approximately 50 percent of a manager’s time is spent on traditional management activities (planning, organizing, etc.), 30 percent in formal communications, and 20 percent in informal networking. Formal communications include attending meetings and creating reports and memos. Informal networking consists of contacts with colleagues and workers that tend to be social in nature but often involve discussions regarding business and jobs.Making DecisionsIn many ways managers expend a lot of their effort in making decisions or contributing in- formation so others can make decisions. When you look at courses offered for future man agers you will find a focus on administration, human behavior, quantitative modeling and problem solving, decision theory, and elements of business ethics and globalization. Typically, these courses are designed to help managers solve problems and make decisions. However, if you ask managers how much time they spend making decisions, they are likely to say that they seldom make decisions. That seems like a contradiction. If managers and executives do not make decisions, who does?In many organizations, day-to-day decisions are embodied in the methodology, rules, or philosophy of the company. Managers are encouraged to collect data and follow the decisions that have resulted from experience. In this situation and in many others, the managers are directly involved in the decision process, even though they may not think they are making the final choice.The broader decision process involves collecting data, identifying problems, and making choices. One more step is often involved: persuading others to accept a decision and implement a solution. With this broader definition, many of the tasks performed by managers are actually steps in the decision process. Meetings, phone calls, and discussions with colleagues are used to collect data, identify problems, and persuade others to choose a course of action. Each of these steps may be so gradual that the participants do not think they are actually making decisions.Because of the subtlety of the process and the complexity of the decisions, it is often difficult to determine what information will be needed. Decisions often require creativity.Because data generally need to be collected before problems arise, it is challenging to design information systems to support managers and benefit the organization. One important job of management is to examine the need for information and how it can be used to solve future problems.。
信管专业英语Unit1
• 集体利益重于个人利益。
• [4]Pursue vt. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠 • vi. 追赶；继续进行 • We will pursue the subject of discussion tomorrow. • 我们明天继续讨论这个题目。 • Why should we even have
• [7]haphazard adj. 偶然的；随便的；无计划的
• The investigation does seem haphazard. • 这次调查似乎的确没有计划性。
• It was strings of words borrowed from the differe nt languages around them and put together in sort of haphazard ways.
• 其目的是“接近这个精灵”，然后再由它将所有 的设计决定注入其中。
• [16]downsizing n. 精简，裁员；缩小规模
• She wasn't sheded in the bout of downsizing.
• 在那次精简人员的大潮中，她幸运地保住了她的 工作。
• On downsizing, the first to go are those with few friends.
• The company is an outstanding example of a small business that grew into a big one.
• 该公司是小企业成长为大公司的突出例子。
管理学]管理信息系统英文版课程及答案PPT课件
![管理学]管理信息系统英文版课程及答案PPT课件](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/e492eb2ffab069dc512201d4.png)
• The music industry has seen drastic changes in business models in recent years
❖ Solutions: MLB Web sites and cell phone ticketing enable electronic ticketing and delivery of online information and games, which increase sales.
Major League Baseball Hits a Home Run with Information Systems（continue）
• In 2005, more wireless phone accounts were opened than telephone land lines installed
• More than 35 million people receive their news online; 32 million Americans read blogs
❖ 理念：创始人沃尔顿先生倡导的尽量降低经营成本， 实行低价销售。
宗旨：帮顾客节省每一分钱。
口号：天天平价，始终如一。
1995年经营成本占销售额的15.8%（世界上大多数 零售商的经营成本在40%以上）
❖ 手段：拥有世界上最大的私有卫星系统，与3800家供 货商实现计算机联网。总部的计算机系统与16个发货 中心以及1000多家商店连接，做到即时销售，大大压 缩产品时间成本，减少库存风险，加速资金周转。
信管大学英语课件词汇_Unit 1 Changes in the Way We Live
Unit 1 Changes in the Way We LiveText A Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeWords & Expressionsget by:be good enough but not very good; manage to live or do things in a satisfactory way- It is a little bit difficult for the old couple to get by on such a small pension.- 我父母靠很少的钱将就着把日子过了下去。
(=My parents managed to get by on a small amount of money.)- She never works but somehow she gets by.haul: vt.1. transport, as with a truck, cart, etc.- The farmers haul vegetables to the market on a truck every morning.- 救援队把药品和食物运到被淹的村庄。
(=The rescue team hauled medical supplies and food to the flooded villages.)2. pull or drag sth. with effort or force- A crane had to be used to haul the car out of the stream.- Rescue workers hauled passengers out of the crashed train.CF: haul, drag & pull这几个词都是动词，都有“拖”、“拉”、“拽”之意。
信息管理英语课件ppt (1)
Exercises
请做课后练习 练习参考答案请参阅本书附录
Notes
[4] Information theory is closely associated with a collection of pure and applied disciplines that have been investigated and reduced to engineering practice under a variety of rubrics throughout the world over the past half century or more: adaptive systems, anticipatory systems, artificial intelligence, complex systems, complexity science, cybernetics, informatics, machine learning, along with systems sciences of many descriptions. 本句中，that have been investigated and reduced to engineering practice under a variety of rubrics throughout the world over the past half century or more是一个定语从句，修饰和限定a collection of pure and applied disciplines。冒号: 后面的adaptive systems, anticipatory systems, artificial intelligence, complex systems, complexity science, cybernetics, informatics, machine learning, along with systems sciences of many descriptions是对a collection of pure and applied disciplines的 举例说明。
信息管理专业英语unit 1 Reading Material
Data(数据), Information(信息), Knowledge, and Wisdom(智慧) There is probably(可能) no segment(项) of activity in the world attracting(吸引) as much attention(注意) at present as that of knowledge management(管理). Yet as I entered this arena(领域) of activity I quickly found there didn't seem to be a wealth(丰富) of sources that seemed to make sense in terms of defining(定义) what knowledge actually was, and how was it differentiated(区别) from data, information, and wisdom. What follows is the current level(水平) of understanding I have been able to piece together(拼凑) regarding data, information, knowledge, and wisdom. I figured(认为) to understand one of them I had to understand all of them.According to Russell Ackoff, a systems theorist(理论家) and professor of organizational(组织的) change, the content(内容) of the human mind(意识) can be classified(分类) into five categories(范畴):Data: symbols(符号)Information: data that are processed(处理) to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questionsKnowledge: application(应用) of data and information; answers "how" questionsUnderstanding(理解): appreciation(评价) of "why"Wisdom: evaluated(有价值的) understanding.Ackoff indicates(指出) that the first four categories relate(联系) to the past; they deal(处理) with what has been or what is known. Only the fifth category, wisdom, deals with the future because it incorporates(结合) vision(想象力) and design(设计). With wisdom, people can create the future rather than just grasp(掌握) the present and past. But achieving(达到) wisdom isn't easy; people must move successively through the other categories.A further elaboration(阐述) of Ackoff's definitions(定义) follows:Data... data is raw(未加工的). It simply exists(存在) and has no significance(重要性) beyond its existence (in and of itself). It can exist in any form(形态), usable or not. It does not have meaning(含义) of itself. In computer parlance(用法), a spreadsheet(电子数据表) generally(一般地) starts out by holding(含有) data. Information... information is data that has been given meaning by way of relational(相关的) connection(连接). This "meaning" can be useful, but does not have to be. In computer parlance, a relational database(数据库) makes informationfrom the data stored within it.Knowledge... knowledge is the appropriate(适当的) collection(组) of information, such that it's intent(目的) is to be useful. Knowledge is a deterministic(确定性的) process(过程). When someone "memorizes"(记忆) information (as less-aspiring(消极的) test-bound(被考试束缚的) students often do), then they have amassed(积聚) knowledge. This knowledge has useful meaning to them, but it does not provide for, in and of itself, an integration(整合) such as would infer(推导) further(更多的) knowledge. For example, elementary school(小学) children memorize, or amass knowledge of, the "times table"(乘法表). They can tell you that "2 x 2 = 4" because they have amassed that knowledge (it being included(包含) in the times table). But when asked what is "1267 x 300", they can not respond(回答) correctly because that entry(内容) is not in their times table. To correctly answer such a question requires(需要) a true cognitive(认知的) and analytical(分析的) ability that is only encompassed(包含) in the next level... understanding. In computer parlance, most of the applications(应用) we use (modeling(建模), simulation(模拟), etc.) exercise(使用) some type of stored knowledge.Understanding... understanding is an interpolative(添加的) and probabilistic(或然的) process. It is cognitive and analytical. It is the process by which I can take knowledge and synthesize(合成) new knowledge from the previously(以前) held(持有的) knowledge. The difference between understanding and knowledge is the difference between "learning" and "memorizing". People who have understanding can undertake(担任) useful actions(行动) because they can synthesize new knowledge, or in some cases(情形), at least new information, from what is previously known (and understood). That is, understanding can build upon currently(当前) held information, knowledge and understanding itself. In computer parlance, AI(人工智能) systems possess(拥有) understanding in the sense(意义) that they are able to synthesize new knowledge from previously stored information and knowledge. Wisdom... wisdom is an extrapolative() and non-deterministic(非确定的), non-probabilistic(非或然的) process. It calls(调用) upon all the previous levels of consciousness(意识), and specifically(特别地) upon special types of human programming() (moral(道德的), ethical(伦理的) codes(代码), etc.). It beckons to(示意) give us understanding about which there has previously(以前) been no understanding, and in doing so, goes far beyond understanding itself. It is the essence(本质) of philosophical(哲学的) probing(探索). Unlike the previous four levels, it asks questions to which there is no (easily-achievable) answer, and in some cases, to which there can be no humanly-known answer period(时期). Wisdom is therefore(因此), the process by which we also discern(辨别), or judge(判断), between right and wrong, good and bad. I personally believe that computers do not have, and will never have the ability to posses(拥有) wisdom. Wisdom is a uniquely(独特地) human state, or as I see it, wisdom requires one to have a soul(心灵), for it resides(存在) as much in the heart as in the mind. And a soul is somethingmachines will never possess (or perhaps I should reword(改写) that to say, a soul is something that, in general, will never possess a machine).Personally I contend(主张) that the sequence(序列) is a bit less involved(涉及) than described(描述) by Ackoff. The following diagram(图表) represents(表现) the transitions(变化) from data, to information, to knowledge, and finally to wisdom, and it is understanding that support the transition from each stage(等级) to the next. Understanding is not a separate(独立的) level of its own.Data represents a fact or statement(陈述) of event(事件) without relation to other things.Ex: It is raining.Information embodies(包含) the understanding of a relationship of some sort, possibly cause(原因) and effect(结果).Ex: The temperature(温度) dropped(下降) 15 degrees(度) and then it started raining.Knowledge represents a pattern(模式) that connects and generally(一般地) provides a high level of predictability(预言) as to what is described or what will happen(发生) next.Ex: If the humidity(湿度) is very high and the temperature drops substantially(充分地) the atmospheres(大气) is often unlikely to be able to hold the moisture(湿气) so it rains.Wisdom embodies more of an understanding of fundamental(基本) principles(原理) embodied within the knowledge that are essentially(本质上) the basis for the knowledge being what it is. Wisdom is essentially systemic(系统化的).Ex: It rains because it rains. And this encompasses(包含) an understanding of all the interactions(相互作用) that happen between raining, evaporation(蒸发), air currents(流通), temperature gradients(梯度), changes, and raining.Yet, there is still a question regarding(关于) when is a pattern knowledge and when is it noise(垃圾数据). Consider the following:Abugt dbesbt regtc uatn s uitrzt.ubtxte pstye ysote anet sser extessibxtedstes bet3 ibtes otesb tapbesct ehractsIt is quite likely this sequence represents 100% novelty(新奇), which means it's equivalent(等于) to noise. There is no foundation(基础) for you to connect with the pattern(模式), yet to me the statements are quite meaningful as I understand the translation with reveals(显露) they are in fact Newton's 3 laws of motion. Is something knowledge if you can't understand it?Now consider the following:I have a box.The box is 3' wide, 3' deep, and 6' high.The box is very heavy.The box has a door on the front of it.When I open the box it has food in it.It is colder inside the box than it is outside.You usually find the box in the kitchen(厨房).There is a smaller compartment(分隔) inside the box with ice in it.When you open the door the light comes on.When you move this box you usually find lots of dirt(灰尘) underneath(在...下面) it. Junk(垃圾) has a real habit of collecting on top of this box.What is it?A refrigerator(冰箱). You knew that, right? At some point in the sequence you connected with the pattern and understood it was a description of a refrigerator. From that point on each statement only added confirmation(确认) to your understanding.If you lived in a society that had never seen a refrigerator you might still be scratching(搔) your head as to what the sequence of statements referred(针对) to. Also, realize(认识到) that I could have provided you with the above statements in any order and still at some point the pattern would have connected. When the pattern connected the sequence of statements represented knowledge to you. To me all the statements convey(传达) nothing as they are simply 100% confirmation ofwhat I already knew as I knew what I was describing(描述) even before I started.译文：数据，信息，知识，和智慧目前，世界上可能有不断的活动吸引尽可能多的注意力去关注知识管理。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1-#
1-5
5
Reason of her success
➢Her determination, drive, innovation, and leadership ➢Acknowledge the important role her team plays ➢Value the input of the staff and the frontline workers
© Prentice Hall, 2002
1-#
1-3
A Manager’s Dilemma
The one error that people make early on there careers is that they are very selective about opportunities, so they avoid some, prefer others. I always accepted all opportunities that presented themselves because from each one you can learn something, and they serve as a platform for future endeavors.
© Prentice Hall, 2002
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT
AND ORGANIZATIONS
1-#
1-1
Learning Objectives
You should learn to: – Explain what a manager is and how the role of a manager has changed – Define management – Distinguish between efficiency and effectiveness – Describe the basic management functions and the management process – Identify the roles performed by managers
encourage her first-line supervisors to develop to help
reach these goals?
1-#
1-6
6
Who Are Managers?
It was easy to differentiate managers from no managerial employees
The latter term described those organizational members who worked directly on a job or task and had no one reporting to them
© Prentice Hall, 2002
1-#
1-7
© Prentice Hall, 2002
1-#
1-8
8
Who Are Managers?
Manager
– someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish organizational goals
----Jovita Carranza
1-#
1-4
4
Jovita Carranza
This philosophy has guided Jovita Carranza in her career at United Parcel Service (UPS) from her first job in 1976 as a part-time night-shift clerk at the Los Angeles hub to her current position as VP of air operations
© Prentice Hall, 2002
– Identify what managers do using the contingency perspective
– Describe what an organization is and how the concept of an organization has changed
– Explain the value of studying management
Jovita’s goal
To find ways to be efficient and to contain costs and continually developing her employees ability
What skills will be most important for her to
7
Who Arethat easy
changing nature of organizations and work has blurred the clear lines of distinction between managers and non-managerial employees
such as cross trained; multi-skilled
An employee can be team leader, equipment operator, maintenance technician, quality inspector or improvement planner
© Prentice Hall, 2002
1-#
1-2
Learning Objectives (cont.)
You should learn to:
– Describe the skills managers need
– Explain what managers do using the systems perspective