浅析二胎政策开放的利与弊——以二胎适龄对象为例

本科毕业论文(设计)

浅析二胎政策开放的利与弊——以二胎适龄对象为例

毕业论文(设计)成绩评定表

摘要

在十八届五中全会中，我国全面开放二胎政策，只要合法的夫妻就享有生二胎的权利，不再受“单独二孩”政策的限制，这一举措也是顺应了众多民众的呼声。就二胎政策开放而言，有利也有弊，笔者在本文中从两方面进行了细致的分析，期望对儿童政策的放开实施有一定的指导作用。本文通过对我国计划生育政策产生的背景研究出发，总结了我国在实行计划生育政策的三十五年中各个阶段的生育政策以及取得的成绩，通过相关资料的查询和实地对我国的计生等部门的走访调查，掌握了我国一胎政策指引下对我国人口问题的影响，也全面了解了一胎政策对我国社会经济产生的消极影响，导致了出生性别比偏高、人口老龄化现象加重、核心家庭模式不利于子女的早期社会化、养老负担过重等问题。作者又对我国开放二胎政策的社会影响进行大胆的预测，开放二胎政策有利于个体早期社会化的完善、有利于减轻赡养老人的压力、减少失独家庭的出现，但是也存在着消极的影响，笔者从粮食供应的风险、人口过多导致社会整体发展滞缓、就业压力增大三方面进行了论述。

最后，笔者对一胎政策和二胎政策的利弊进行了综合分析，得出实施“二胎”政策是目前我国生育制度的理性选择的结论，认为实施“二胎”政策是社会整体发展的需要、是顺应人口发展规律的科学选择和现实要求，笔者希望通过对本文的研究，为我国的计划生育政策提出建设性的意见，希望对我国计划生育政策的完善做出贡献。

关键词：二胎政策利弊比较研究

Abstract

In the eighteenth session of the Fifth Plenary Session, our fully open two-child policy, as long as the legitimate rights of couples to enjoy a second child, no longer limited to "single second child" policy that this initiative is in line with the voices of many people . To open two-child policy is concerned, there are advantages and disadvantages, the author of this article conducted a detailed analysis of two aspects, it is desirable to release the child policy implementation have some guidance. Through background research on China's family planning policy resulting departure summarized in our family planning policy 35 years various stages of growth policies and achievements, by querying and field for China family planning and other relevant information sectors of investigations, to mastered under the influence of the one-child policy guidelines for China's population problem, but also a comprehensive understanding of the negative impact of the one-child policy on the socio-economic impacts, leading to the high sex ratio at birth, the phenomenon of an aging population increase, the core home mode is not conducive to children's early socialization, overburdened pension and other issues. Author and social impact of open two-child policy to be bold prediction, open two-child policy in favor of individual early socialization perfect, will help reduce the pressure on supporting the elderly, to reduce the loss of single family appear, but there are also negative influence, the author from the risk of food supply, overpopulation leads to the overall development of society has stagnated, employment pressure three aspects are discussed.

Finally, the author of the one-child policy and the pros and cons of two-child policy is a comprehensive analysis, the implementation of the "two-child" policy is the rational choice of reproductive system concluded that the implementation of the "two-child" policy is the need for the development of society as a whole , choose to follow the scientific and practical requirements of the law of population development, we hope that through the study of this article, put forward constructive suggestions to China's family planning policy, we hope to improve