Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade
lessonchina说课稿
lessonchina说课稿尊敬的各位评委、老师们：大家好！今天我说课的内容是“lessonchina”。
一、说教材“lessonchina”是一套旨在帮助学生了解中国文化、历史、社会等方面知识的课程。
本课程具有以下特点：1、内容丰富多样涵盖了从古代文明到现代发展的各个重要阶段，包括文学、艺术、科技、传统习俗等多领域的内容。
2、系统性强按照一定的逻辑顺序编排，由浅入深，逐步引导学生建立对中国的全面认识。
3、注重实践与应用通过案例分析、小组讨论、实地考察等活动，培养学生的实践能力和解决问题的能力。
二、说学情本次授课对象是具体年级的学生，他们具有一定的基础知识和学习能力，但对于中国文化的深入了解还相对有限。
这个阶段的学生思维活跃，好奇心强，喜欢探索新鲜事物，但注意力集中时间较短，需要采用多样化的教学方法来吸引他们的注意力。
三、说教学目标基于对教材和学情的分析，我制定了以下教学目标：1、知识与技能目标学生能够掌握中国文化的重要知识点，如传统节日的由来、著名历史人物的贡献等；能够运用所学知识进行简单的交流和表达。
2、过程与方法目标通过自主学习、合作探究等方式，培养学生的学习能力和团队协作精神。
3、情感态度与价值观目标激发学生对中国文化的兴趣和热爱，增强民族自豪感。
四、说教学重难点1、教学重点中国传统文化的核心概念，如儒家思想、道家思想等；中国历史上的重要事件和人物。
2、教学难点如何让学生理解中国文化中较为抽象的哲学思想；如何引导学生将所学知识与实际生活相结合，形成自己的文化认知。
五、说教法为了实现教学目标，突破教学重难点，我将采用以下教学方法：1、讲授法通过清晰、简洁的讲解，向学生传授基础知识。
2、案例分析法通过具体的案例，帮助学生更好地理解抽象的概念和理论。
3、小组讨论法组织学生进行小组讨论，促进学生之间的思想交流和合作学习。
4、多媒体教学法运用图片、视频等多媒体资源，增强教学的直观性和趣味性。
六、说学法在教学过程中，我将注重引导学生采用以下学习方法：1、自主学习法鼓励学生自主预习、复习，培养自主学习的能力。
Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade
3.仔细和反复地阅读和掌握课文之后的注释， 即Notes to the text。 4.注意普通词汇，包括名词、形容词、副词、 介词短语和搭配的理解和运用。 可以将自己不甚熟悉的词或短语连同所在的 句子在课文中标注出来或摘抄下来，找出尽 可能多的替换词。 重视课文之后的单词与词语（Words and expressions）、 针对课文的问题与语言点 （Questions on contents and language points） 5. 多做模拟题和真题训练
What is foreign trade?
Foreign trade (对外贸易) refers to the exchange of goods, service and technology between a country and other countries. It is made up of two parts: Export 出口 Import 进口
Para 3
Disrupt: interrupt The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious. 在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一 次被打断了。当时农业和工业生产急剧下 降，交通运输管制变的更严重。
Terms:
Manufactured goods: 制成品 Capital equipment: 资本设备 （如机器，厂房） Industrialization programme 工业化项目 Heavy industry: 重工业 Economic imbalance: 经济失衡 National income: 国民收入 The volume of foreign trade: 对外贸易额
《中国与世界贸易组织》白皮书,中英对照
《中国与世界贸易组织》白皮书,中英对照中国与世界贸易组织China and the World Trade Organization（2018 年年6 月）June 2018中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China 目录Contents前言Foreword一、中国切实履行加入世贸组织承诺I. China Has Faithfully Fulfilled Its WTO Accession Commitments二、中国坚定支持多边贸易体制II. China Firmly Supports the Multilateral Trading System三、中国加入世贸组织后对世界作出重要贡献III. China’s Significant Contribution to the World After Accession to the WTO四、中国积极推动更高水平对外开放IV. China Is Actively Advancing Opening-Up to a Higher Level结束语Conclusion前言Foreword1978 年，中国开启了改革开放的历史进程。
改革开放是中国人民用双手书写的国家和民族发展的壮丽史诗，是中国和世界共同发展进步的伟大历程，不仅深刻改变了中国，也深刻影响了世界。
40 年来，中国坚持对外开放基本国策，打开国门搞建设，逐步形成了全方位多层次宽领域的对外开放格局，极大促进了中国与外部世界的交流交融，为人类和平与发展的崇高事业作出了重要贡献。
In 1978, China started the historic process of reform and opening-up. This is a glorious chapter in the development epic of the country and the nation composed by the Chinese people, recording the great journey of common progress of China and the rest of the world. It has not only profoundly changed the country, but also greatly influenced the whole world. Over the past 40 years, China has beenadhering to the fundamental national policy of reform and opening-up and pursuing development with its door wide open. A model of all-round, multi-level, and wide-ranging opening-up has gradually taken shape. China is closely connected withthe outside world and has made a significant contribution to the noble cause of global peace and development.2001 年中国加入世界贸易组织，是中国深度参与经济全球化的里程碑，标志着中国改革开放进入历史新阶段。
lesson 1
Lesson 1 A private conversationLast week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ‘It’s none of your business,' the young man said rude ly. 'This is a private conversation!'.上星期我去看戏。
我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。
一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。
我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。
我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。
最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！” “不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！”private [ˈpraivit] adj.私人的conversation [ˌkɔnvəˈseiʃən] n.谈话theatre [ˈθiətə] n.剧场，戏院seat [si:t] n.座位play [pleɪ] n.戏loudly [ˈlaʊdlɪ] adv.大声地angry [ˈæŋɡri]adj.生气的angrily [ˈæŋgrɪlɪ] adv.生气地attention [əˈtenʃən] n.注意bear (bore, borne) [bɛə] v.容忍business [ˈbiznis] n.事rudely [ˈru:dlɪ] adv.无礼地，粗鲁地★ private adj.1. 私人的(personala private conversation/ company / life/ secretary/affairs私人谈话/ 私人公司/私生活/私人秘书/私事That is for your private ear.那是你私下里说的。
foreign trade 口译材料
Visitor: I would like to know something about the foreign trade of china， can you tell me?( 翻译：我想知道中国的外贸情况，你能讲给我听吗？)Chairman：这是我的荣幸啊。
那你有什么问题就尽管问吧，我会一一作答的。
(翻译：it is my pleasure. I will answer your questions, so you just ask your questions.)V: thank you. What is the status of the foreign trade in China? (谢谢，中国外贸现状是怎么样的？)C: 这五年来,改革开放取得了重大进展。
重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破，社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。
去年对外贸易总额达到 2.97 万亿美元，开放型经济水平快速提升。
(翻译： major progress was made in reform and opening up. New breakthroughs were achieved in crucial areas and key links of reform,and the socialist market economy further improved. Last year, total foreign trade volume reached US$2.97trillion and the openness of the economy increased rapidly.)V: what is the policy china has adopted for foreign trade?( 翻译：中国采取了什么样的外贸政策？)C：中央政府贯彻市场多元化的战略，实行走出去的开放战略，坚持引进来与走出去相结合的战略。
中国对外贸易英文版
中国对外贸易英文版China's Foreign TradeChina is one of the world's largest players in international trade. The country has experienced significant growth in export and import activities over the years, becoming a major contributor to global trade flows. Here are some key points about China's foreign trade:1. Exports: China is known for its vast manufacturing capabilities and has emerged as the world's largest exporter of goods. The country exports a wide range of products, including electronic goods, machinery, textiles, and toys. Chinese exports are valued at billions of dollars annually, providing employment and economic growth.2. Imports: China also has a high demand for imported goods. The country imports a variety of products, including machinery, chemicals, ores, and petroleum. China's growing middle class has contributed to increased demand for imported consumer goods, such as luxury items and automobiles.3. Trade Surplus: China has maintained a trade surplus for many years, meaning it exports more goods than it imports. This has led to some concerns among trading partners, who argue that China's trade practices may be unfair and pose a threat to domestic industries. As a result, there have been ongoing trade disputes and efforts to address trade imbalances.4. International Trade Partners: China has built strong traderelationships with numerous countries around the world. The country's largest trading partners include the United States, European Union, and ASEAN countries. China also actively participates in regional and international trade agreements, such as the Belt and Road Initiative and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.5. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): China has become an attractive destination for foreign investors, thanks to its large consumer market, skilled workforce, and improved business environment. Foreign companies have set up manufacturing facilities and service centers in China to tap into its domestic market and take advantage of its export opportunities.6. Free Trade Zones: China has established several free trade zones (FTZs) across the country to promote foreign trade and attract foreign investments. These zones provide preferential policies, streamlined customs procedures, and tax benefits to businesses operating within their boundaries.7. Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): China's BRI is a massive infrastructure project aiming to enhance connectivity and trade between China and other countries. It includes building roads, railways, ports, and other infrastructure to facilitate trade along the ancient Silk Road routes.China's foreign trade has played a crucial role in its economic development and global engagement. However, it also faces challenges such as trade tensions, protectionism, and market access barriers. The Chinese government continues to implement policiesto support and strengthen its foreign trade, aligning it with its broader economic goals.。
国际贸易英文版教材
作者、书名、出版社、出版年份、目录Thomas A．Pugel. International Economics(15th). Renmin University of China p ress. 2012-12CONTENTSChapter 1 International Economics Is DifferentFour ControversiesEconomics and the Nation-StateThe Scheme of This BookPART ONE THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL TRADEChapter 2 The Basic Theory Using Demand and SupplyFour Questions about TradeA Look AheadDemand and SupplyCase Study Trade Is ImportantGlobal Crisis The Trade Mini-Collapse of 2009Two National Markets and the Opening of TradeChapter 3 Why Everybody Trades: Comparative Advantage 33Adam Smith’s Theory of Absolute AdvantageCase Study Mercantilism: Older Than Smith—and Alive TodayRicardo’s Theory of Comparative AdvantageRicardo’s Constant Costs and the Producti on-Possibility CurveFocus on Labor Absolute Advantage Does MatterExtension What If Trade Doesn’t Balance?Chapter 4 Trade: Factor Availability and Factor Proportions Are KeyProduction with Increasing Marginal CostsCommunity Indifference CurvesProduction and Consumption TogetherFocus on China The Opening of Trade and China’s Shift Out of AgricultureThe Gains from TradeTrade Affects Production and ConsumptionWhat Determines the Trade Pattern?The Heckscher–Ohlin (H–O) TheoryChapter 5 Who Gains and Who Loses from Trade?Who Gains and Who Loses within a CountryThree Implications of the H–O TheoryExtension A Factor-Ratio ParadoxDoes Heckscher–Ohlin Explain Actual Trade Patterns?Case Study The Leontief ParadoxWhat Are the Export-Oriented and Import-Competing Factors?Focus on China China’s Exports and ImportsDo Factor Prices Equalize Internationally?Focus on Labor U.S. Jobs and Foreign Trade 86Chapter 6 Scale Economies, Imperfect Competition, and TradeScale EconomiesIntra-Industry TradeMonopolistic Competition and TradeExtension The Individual Firm in MonopolisticOligopoly and TradeExtension The Gravity Model of TradeChapter 7 Growth and TradeBalanced versus Biased GrowthGrowth in Only One FactorChanges in the Country’s Willingness to TradeCase Study The Dutch Disease and DeindustrializationEffects on the Country’s Terms of TradeTechnology and TradeFocus on Labor Trade, Technology, and U.S. WagesPART TWO TRADE POLICYChapter 8 Analysis of a TariffGlobal Governance WTO and GATT: Tariff SuccessA Preview of ConclusionsThe Effect of a Tariff on Domestic ProducersThe Effect of a Tariff on Domestic ConsumersThe Tariff as Government RevenueThe Net National Loss from a TariffExtension The Effective Rate of ProtectionCase Study They Tax Exports, TooThe Terms-of-Trade Effect and a Nationally Optimal TariffChapter 9 Nontariff Barriers to ImportsTypes of Nontariff Barriers to ImportsThe Import QuotaGlobal Governance The WTO: Beyond TariffsGlobal Crisis Dodging ProtectionismExtension A Domestic Monopoly Prefers a QuotaVoluntary Export Restraints (VERs)Other Nontariff BarriersCase Study VERs: Two ExamplesCase Study Carrots Are Fruit, Snails Are Fish, and X-Men Are Not HumansHow Big Are the Costs of Protection?International Trade DisputesFocus on China China’s First Decade in the WTOChapter 10 Arguments for and against ProtectionThe Ideal World of First BestThe Realistic World of Second BestPromoting Domestic Production or EmploymentThe Infant Industry ArgumentFocus on Labor How Much Does It Cost to Protect a Job?The Dying Industry Argument and Adjustment AssistanceThe Developing Government (Public Revenue) ArgumentOther Arguments for Protection: Non=economic ObjectivesThe Politics of Protection The Basic Elements of the Political-Economic Analysis Case Study How Sweet It Is (or Isn’t)Chapter 11 Pushing ExportsDumpingReacting to Dumping: What Should a Dumpee Think?Actual Antidumping Policies: What Is Unfair?Case Study Antidumping in ActionProposals for ReformExport SubsidiesWTO Rules on SubsidiesShould the Importing Country Impose Countervailing Duties?Case Study Agriculture Is AmazingStrategic Export Subsidies Could Be GoodGlobal Governance Dogfight at the WTOChapter 12 Trade Blocs and Trade BlocksTypes of Economic BlocsIs Trade Discrimination Good or Bad?The Basic Theory of Trade Blocs: Trade Creation and Trade DiversionOther Possible Gains from a Trade BlocThe EU ExperienceCase Study Postwar Trade Integration in EuropeNorth America Becomes a BlocTrade Blocs among Developing CountriesTrade EmbargoesChapter 13 Trade and the EnvironmentIs Free Trade Anti-Environment?Is the WTO Anti-Environment?Global Governance Dolphins, Turtles, and the WTOThe Specificity Rule AgainA Preview of Policy PrescriptionsTrade and Domestic PollutionTrans-border PollutionGlobal Environmental ChallengesChapter 14 Trade Policies for Developing CountriesWhich Trade Policy for Developing Countries?Are the Long-Run Price Trends against Primary Producers?Case Study Special Challenges of TransitionInternational Cartels to Raise Primary-Product PricesImport-Substituting Industrialization (ISI)Exports of Manufactures to Industrial CountriesChapter 15 Multinationals and Migration: International Factor MovementsForeign Direct InvestmentMultinational EnterprisesFDI: History and Current PatternsWhy Do Multinational Enterprises Exist?Taxation of Mul tinational Enterprises’ProfitsCase Study CEMEX: A Model Multinational from an Unusual PlaceMNEs and International TradeShould the Home Country Restrict FDI Outflows?Should the Host Country Restrict FDI Inflows?Focus on China China as a Host CountryMigrationHow Migration Affects Labor MarketsShould the Sending Country Restrict Emigration?Should the Receiving Country Restrict Immigration?Case Study Are Immigrants a Fiscal Burden?APPENDIXESA The Web and the Library: International Numbers and Other InformationB Deriving Production-Possibility CurvesC Offer CurvesD The Nationally Optimal Tariff周瑞琪. International Trade Practice. University of International Business and Economics press. 2011.9CONTENTSChapter One General Introduction（第一章导论）1.1 Reasons for International Trade （国际间贸易的起因）1.2 Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade （国际贸易与国内贸易的差异）1.3 Classification of International Trade（国际贸易的分类）1.4 Export and Import Procedures（进出口贸易的程序）1.5 Overview of This Book （本书的基本内容）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Two International Trade Terms（第二章国际贸易术语）2.1 Three Sets of Rules （三种贸易术语的解释规则）2.2 Basics of Incoterms 2010 （2010年国际贸易术语解释通则基本概念）2.3 Application Issues（贸易术语在使用中应注意的问题）2.4 Determinants of Choice of Trade Terms （贸易术语选用的决定因素）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Three Export Price（第三章出口商品的价格）3.1 Expression of Export Price（出口价格的表达）3.2 Pricing Considerations（影响定价的因素）3.3 Calculation of Price（价格的计算）3.4 Understanding the Price（价格的评估）3.5 Communication of Price（价格的沟通）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Four Terms of Commodity（第四章商品条款）4.1 Name of Commodity （商品的名称）4.2 Specifying Quality（商品的品质）4.3 Measuring Quantity（商品的数量）4.4 Packing and Marking（商品的包装及标志）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Chapter Five Cargo Transportation（第五章国际货物运输）5.1 Ocean Transportation （海洋运输）5.2 Other Modes of Transportation （其他运输方式）5.3 Transportation Documents（运输单据）5.4 Shipment Clause in the Sales Contract（销售合同中的装运条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Six Cargo Transportation Insurance（第六章货物运输保险）6.1 Fundamental Principles of Cargo Insurance（货物保险的基本原则）6.2 Marine Risks and Losses（海上风险和损失）6.3 Coverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of CIC（我国海上货物保险范围）6.4 Coverage of Marine Cargo Insurance of ICC（协会货物保险范围）6.5 Other Types of Cargo Insurance（其他货物保险的种类）6.6 Procedures of Cargo Insurance（货物保险程序）6.7 Insurance Terms in the Sales Contract（销售合同中的保险条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Seven International Payments（第七章国际货款支付）7.1 Issues in Concern（影响支付条件的因素）7.2 Paying Instruments（支付工具）7.3 Remittance（汇付）7.4 Collection（托收）7.5 Basics of Letter of Credit（信用证基础知识）7.6 Types of Documentary Credit（跟单信用证的种类）7.7 Letter of Guarantee（L/G）（保函）7.8 Export Financing（出口融资）7.9 Payment Problems（支付中出现的问题）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Eight Export Documentation（第八章出口单证）8.1 Significance of Documentation（单证的重要性）8.2 Basic Requirements for Documentation（单证的基本要求）8.3 Prerequisites of Documentation（制单的依据）8.4 Export Documents（出口单证的种类）8.5 Clause Concerning Documents in the Sales Contract（销售合同中有关单证的条款）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Specimens（单证样本）Chapter Nine Inspection, Claim, Force Majeure and Arbitration（第九章商检、索赔、不可抗力和仲裁）9.1 Commodity Inspection（商品检验）9.2 Disputes and Claims（争议和索赔）9.3 Force Majeure（不可抗力）9.4 Arbitration（仲裁）Summary（总结）Key Terms（主要术语）Abbreviations（缩略语）Exercises（练习）Key to Exercises（练习答案）Glossary（词汇表）Appendix 1INCOTERMS 2010 （FOB, CFR, CIF）（附录12010年国际贸易术语解释通则（FOB，CFR，CIF））Appendix 2CISG 1980 （Part II）（附录2联合国国际货物销售合同公约1980（第二部分）) References （参考书目）帅建林. International Trade Practice. University of International Business and Economics press. 2007.9CONTENTSPart 1 OverviewChapter 1 Introduction to International TradeChapter 2 International Trade PolicyChapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade BlockChapter 4 WTO :A Navigation GuidePart 2 Terms of International TradeChapter 5 International Trade TermsChapter Terms of CommodityChapter International Cargo TransportChapter 8 Cargo InsuranceChapter 9 Terms of PriceChapter 10 International Payment and SettlementChapter 11 Claims, Force Majeure and ArbitrationPart 3 International Trade ProcedureChapter 12 Launching a Profitable TransactionChapter 13 Business Negotiation and Establishment of ContractChapter 14 Exporting ElementsChapter 15 Importing ElementsChapter 16 DocumentationPart 4 Trade FormsChapter 17 Agency, Distribution and ConsignmentChapter 18 TendersChapter 19 Counter TradeChapter 20 Futures TradingChapter 21 E-CommerceAppendix Glossary of International Trade Terms with English-Chinese InterpretationsBibliographyPaul R.Krugman & Maurice Obstfeld. International Economics:Theory andPolicy,8E. Tsinghua University press. 2011-11Contents前言第1章绪论第1部分国际贸易理论第2章世界贸易：概览第3章劳动生产率和比较优势：李嘉图模型第4章资源、比较优势和收入分配第5章标准贸易模型第6章规模经济、不完全竞争和国际贸易第7章国际要素流动第2部分国际贸易政策第8章贸易政策工具第9章贸易政策中的政治经济学第10章发展中国家的贸易政策第11章贸易政策中的争论数学附录第4章附录要素比例模型第5章附录贸易下的世界经济第6章附录垄断竞争模模型张素芳，International trade: theory and practice. University of International Business & Economics Press, Beijing, 2010contentsSection I. International Trade Theory and PolicyCHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE1.The Reasons for International Trade1.1. Resources reasons1.2. Economic reasons1.3. Other reasons2. The Differences between International Trade and Domestic Trade'.'2.1. More plex context2.2. More difficult and risky2.3. Higher skills required3.Basic Concepts Relating to International Trade3.1. Visible trade and invisible trade3.2. Favorable balance of trade and unfavorable balance oft rade3.3. General trade system and special trade system3.4. Volume of international trade and quantum of international trade3.5. Commodity position of international trade3.6. Geographical position of international trade3.7. Degree of dependence on foreign tradeCHAPTER 2.CLASSICAL TRADE THEORIES1.Mercantilism1.1. The development of mercantilist thought1.2. The mercantilist economic system1.3. Economic policies pursued by the mercantilists1.4. Discussions2.David Hume's Challenge to Mercantilism2.1. Assumptions of price-specie=flow mechanism2.2. The price-specie-flow mechanism3.Adam Smith's Theory of Absolute Advantage3.1. Assumptions of Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage3.2. Challenge to Mercantilism3.3. Example4.David Ricardo's Theory of Comparative Advantage4.1. The concept of parative advantage4.2. Example4.3. Analysis of the theory of parative advantage by using modemtools. CHAPTER 3.NEOCLASSICAL TRADE THEORIES.1.Gains from Trade in Neoclassical Trade Theory1.1. Increasing opportunity costs on the PPF1.2. General equilibrium and gains in autarky1.3. General equilibrium and gains after the introduction of international trade ...2.Reciprocal Demand Theory2.1. A country's offer curve2.2. Trading equilibrium2.3. Measurement of terms of trade3.Factor Endowment Theory3.1. Factor intensity in production3.2. Factor endowments, factor prices, and parative advantage3.3. Assumptions of the factor proportions theory.,3.4. The Heckscher-Ohlin theorem.:3.5. An example to illustrate H-O theorem.3.6. The factor price equalization theorem:3.7. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem4.The Leontief Paradox——An Empirical Test of the Factor Proportions Theory 4.1. The Leontief paradox.-4.2. Suggested explanations for the Leontief Paradox and related theories CHAPTER 4.POST-HECKSHER-OHLIN THEORIES OF TRADE1.The Product Cycle Theory1.1. The imitation lag hypothesis1.2. The product cycle theory2.The Linder Theory2.1. Assumptions of the Linder theory2.2. Trade es in the overlapping ranges of products ophistication.:3.Intra-Industry Trade Theory3.1. Explanations of intra-industry trade3.2. Measurement of intra-industry tradeCHAPTER 5.IMPORT PROTECTION POLICY: TARIFFS1.Types of Import Tariffs1.1. In terms of the means of collection1.2. In terms of the different tariff rates applied1.3. In terms of special purposes for collection2.The Effects of Import Tariffs2.1. Concepts of consumer surplus and producer surplus2.2. The welfare effects of import tariffs3.Measurement of Import Tariffs3.1. The 'height' of import tariffs3.2. Nominal versus effective tariff ratesCHAPTER 6.IMPORT PROTECTION POLICY: NON-TARIFF BARRIERS''1.Forms of Non-tariff Barriers.1.1. Quantity control measures1.2. Price control measures1.3. Para-tariff measures1.4. Finance measures1.5. Anti-petitive measures.,.1.6. Miscellaneous measures2.Effects of Non-tariff Barriers2.1. The effects of an import quota2.2. The effects of a subsidy to an import-peting industryCHAPTER 7.EXPORT PROMOTION AND OTHER POLICIES1.Export Subsidy and Production Subsidy1.1. Export subsidy and its effects1.2. Production subsidy and its effects.2.Other Export Promotion Policies2.1. Devaluation of home currency.2.2. Commodity dumping2.3. Bonded warehouse2.4. Special trade zone2.5. Export promotion programs3.Export Restrictions and Import Promotion Policies3.1. Export restrictions policies3.2. Import promotion policies4.Trade Sanctions4.1. Introduction to trade sanctions4.2. Effectiveness of trade sanctionsCHAPTER 8.ARGUMENTS AGAINST FREE TRADE1.Traditional Arguments against Free Trade1.1. Infant industry argument.1.2. Terms of trade argument1.3. Balance of trade argument1.4. Tariff to reduce aggregate unemployment argument1.5. Fair petition argument1.6. National security argument2.New Protectionism2.1. Tariff to extract foreign monopoly profit2.2. Export subsidy in duopoly3.The Political Economy of Trade Policy3.1. Median voter model3.2. Collective action theory.3.3. Contribution in political campaignsCHAPTER 9.REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATIONof Regional Economic Integration1.1. Preferential tariff arrangement1.2. Free trade area1.3. Customs union1.4. Common market.1.5. Economic union2.The Static and Dynamic Effects of Regional Economic Integration2.1. Static effects of regional economic integration2.2. Dynamic effects of regional economic integration3.Economic Integration in Europe, North America and Asia3.1. Economic integration in Europe……………………………………Chapter 10 International Cargo Transportation InsuranceChapter 11 International Trade PaymentChapter 12 Inspection,Claim,Force Majeure and ArbitrationChapter 13 Trade Negotiation and Formation of the ContractChapter 14 Implementation of the Contract丹尼斯·R·阿普尔亚德 & 小艾尔弗雷德·J·菲尔德 & 史蒂文·L·科布.国际贸易.中国人民大学出版社. 2012-7第1章国际经济学的世界第一部分古典贸易理论第2章早期的国际贸易理论：由重商主义向大卫·李嘉图的古典贸易理论的演进第3章大卫·李嘉图的古典贸易理论和比较优势第4章对古典贸易模型的扩充及验证第二部分新贸易理论第5章新古典贸易理论——基本分析工具的介绍第6章新古典贸易理论中的贸易利得第7章贸易提供曲线和贸易条件第8章贸易的基础：要素禀赋理论和赫克歇尔俄林模型第9章要素禀赋理论的实证分析第三部分贸易理论的扩展第10章后赫克歇尔俄林贸易理论与产业内贸易第11章经济增长与国际贸易第12章国际要素流动第四部分贸易政策第13章贸易政策工具第14章贸易政策的影响第15章对干涉主义贸易政策的争论第16章经济的政治因素与美国的对外贸易政策第17章经济一体化第18章国际贸易与发展中国家参考文献当我被上帝造出来时，上帝问我想在人间当一个怎样的人，我不假思索的说，我要做一个伟大的世人皆知的人。
Unit1InChina教案-Lesson1-六年级上册英语(SL版)
个性化指导：针对不同学生的学习情况，教师应提供个性化的指导和建议。对于学习困难的学生，教师可以给予额外的关注和帮助，引导他们克服困难，提高学习效果。
反思改进措施
（一）教学特色创新
小组内讨论该主题的现状、挑战以及可能的解决方案。
每组选出一名代表，准备向全班展示讨论成果。
5.课堂展示与点评（15分钟）
目标：锻炼学生的表达能力，同时加深全班对中国的认识和理解。
过程：
各组代表依次上台展示讨论成果，包括主题的现状、挑战及解决方案。
其他学生和教师对展示内容进行提问和点评，促进互动交流。
3.中国的货币是人民币，它是中国的法定货币。人民币的符号是“¥”。
4.中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化，包括书法、绘画、音乐、舞蹈等。中国的传统节日有春节、中秋节等。
5.中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，它的经济实力不断增强。中国的科技发展迅速，尤其在互联网、移动支付等领域处于世界领先地位。
6.中国有着众多的名胜古迹，如长城、秦始皇兵马俑、西湖等。这些景点吸引着国内外游客前来参观。
重点难点及解决办法
重点：学生能够听、说、读、写关于中国的基本信息，如首都、货币等。
解决办法：通过大量的练习和互动活动，让学生在实际语境中运用所学知识，提高语言能力。
难点：学生能够理解并运用比较级和最高级形式描述事物。
解决办法：通过具体例句和练习，让学生掌握比较级和最高级的构成和用法，并通过实践活动加以巩固。
教师总结各组的亮点和不足，并提出进一步的建议和改进方向。
6.课堂小结（5分钟）
目标：回顾本节课的主要内容，强调中国的的重要性和意义。
leson1中国的对外贸易《外刊经贸知识选读》重点串讲课文翻译
第1课中国的对外贸易China in the Market Place 市场经济中的中国Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the People’s Republic.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisation programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962.自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。
lessonchina说课稿
lessonchina说课稿尊敬的各位评委、老师：大家好！今天我说课的内容是 lessonchina。
下面我将从教材分析、学情分析、教学目标、教学重难点、教法与学法、教学过程以及教学反思这几个方面来展开我的说课。
一、教材分析本节课选自_____教材，本单元的主题是_____，而 lessonchina 是本单元的重要组成部分。
这部分内容主要围绕中国的_____展开，通过_____等形式，为学生提供了丰富的语言素材和文化知识。
教材内容编排合理，由浅入深，逐步引导学生掌握相关的语言点和文化背景。
二、学情分析我所教授的学生是_____年级的学生，他们已经具备了一定的英语基础，能够进行简单的日常交流。
但是，对于中国相关的英语表达以及文化知识，他们可能还比较陌生。
这个年龄段的学生思维活跃，好奇心强，喜欢新鲜事物，因此在教学中可以采用多种教学方法和手段，激发他们的学习兴趣和积极性。
三、教学目标基于对教材和学情的分析，我制定了以下教学目标：1、知识目标学生能够掌握与中国相关的单词和短语，如_____、＿____等；能够理解并正确运用重点句型_____。
2、技能目标通过听、说、读、写等多种训练方式，提高学生的英语综合运用能力，尤其是听说能力。
3、情感目标培养学生对中国文化的热爱和自豪感，增强跨文化交际意识。
四、教学重难点1、教学重点掌握重点单词、短语和句型的用法；能够用英语介绍中国的相关内容。
2、教学难点如何引导学生将所学知识运用到实际生活中，进行有效的语言输出；如何让学生在学习过程中理解和尊重不同文化之间的差异。
五、教法与学法为了实现教学目标，突破教学重难点，我将采用以下教法和学法：1、教法（1）情景教学法：通过创设生动的情景，让学生在真实的语境中学习和运用英语。
（2）任务驱动法：给学生布置明确的任务，让他们在完成任务的过程中提高语言能力。
（3）游戏教学法：通过有趣的游戏，激发学生的学习兴趣，活跃课堂气氛。
2、学法（1）自主学习法：引导学生自主预习、思考和总结，培养他们的自主学习能力。
外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译第1课 中国的对外贸易
第1课中国的对外贸易China in the Market Place 市场经济中的中国Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The pattern of China’s foreign trade has change d substantially since the founding of the People’s Republic.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisatio n programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962.自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。
六年级上册英语教案Unit 1 In China Lesson 1人教-word文档资料
Unit 1 In ChinaLesson 1她是一位美丽善良的母亲。
在这辽阔的国土上有着神奇的景观，山川与河流，还有一群勤劳美丽而善良的民族。
那么，就让我们一起更加真切地了解认识我们的祖国吧。
1. Be able to listen and read the words and dialogues: morning tea,早茶 soup 汤; the Potala Palace, 布达拉宫；the Summer Palace, 颐和园； the Terracotta Army 兵马俑。
能够运用已学功能句操练本课新学词汇。
2. Be able to ask and answer questions.【能力目标】对听说读写能力都要有意识地发展锻炼，学生能够掌握重点单词的读写及其对应含义，这也有助于自然地学习英语句型。
What did you go on your summer vacation? I went to... with my parents.能够用英语流利表达自己过去做的事情，学会用一般过去时回答完别人的问题。
【情感目标】学习英语最大的乐趣就是能够理解运用。
多了解英语与汉语不同的地方，也要善于要拓展学习其他方面，多参加课外活动。
老师要学着寓教于乐地教学，让英语学习成为孩子们生活中的一种乐趣，沟通和学习的工具。
1. The relevant words and dialogues.2. Be able to do some free talk with the words.【教学难点】The relevant words and dialogues.Teacher can ask them some places about China.T: Do you like playing games?S: Yes!T: OK! Let’s see how to play a game and introduce the rules of the game. Are you clear? Students: Yes!T: Now let’s work in two people.学生两人一组进行游戏，班内展示，及时评价。
Unit1口译上课内容
Unit1口译上课内容1. 女士们，先生们，各位贵宾：我谨代表我公司，并于我个人的名义，对各位表示热烈的欢迎！<Ladies and gentlemen as well as the distinguished guests: On behalf of my company as well asin my personal name, I’d like to extend warm welcome to y ou all!>2. 今晚我们请到了从伦敦远道而来的贵宾们与我们一起共度中秋佳节，我为此感到非常地荣幸！这些良好的印象将永远珍藏在我们美好的记忆之中。
< Tonight, I feel deeply privileged (honored) to have the dist inguished friends who comeall the way from London to celebrate the Mid-autumn Festiv al with us. These fine impressions will forever remain in our cher ished memories.>3. 今天，我很高兴也很荣幸能在这里与大家欢聚一堂，这使我有机会拜访老朋友，结识新朋友！< Today, It gives me such a pleasure and honor to have the j oyful gathering with you all here,which gives me such a great opportunity to visit the old frie nds and meet the new ones.>4. 我为能在此设宴招待切尼副总统和夫人以及其他贵宾而深感荣幸和愉快！我愿借此机会向各位来宾表示热烈的欢迎！<It is indeed my great honor and pleasure to host the banq uet here in honor of Vice President Chineyand Mrs. Chiney. I’d like to avail myself of this great opport unity to extend warm welcometo all the distinguished guests.>5. 在这美丽无比的金秋季节，我们在北京迎来了第四届世界妇女大会的召开！为此，我们热烈欢呼第四届世界妇女大会的召开，并预祝大会圆满成功！< In this most beautiful season of golden autumn, we in Beij ing welcome the openingof the 4th World Conference on Women. In this connection, we warmly herald the opening of it and wish it a complete s uccess! >6. 我很荣幸地代表中国政府和人民向来自联合国代表团的代表表示热烈的欢迎！<It is my great honor to express the warm welcome to the d elegates from theUN delegation on behalf of the Chinese Government and its people.>7. 承蒙由如此杰出的人士组成的团体造访本公司，实属莫大的愉快！< It is indeed my pleasure to receive the visit to our compan y fromsuch a distinguished group of talents like you.>8 我想对贵方的友好接待和盛情款待表示衷心的感谢。
中国进出口岸商务英语试讲教案范文
中国进出口岸商务英语试讲教案范文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Teaching Plan for Business English at Chinese Import and Export PortsI. Teaching Objectives1. To help students learn and practice relevant business English vocabulary and phrases used in import and export transactions.2. To improve students' ability to effectively communicate with international partners and clients in a business setting.3. To familiarize students with the customs and procedures of Chinese import and export ports.II. Teaching Content1. Vocabulary: key terms related to import and export trade, shipping, customs clearance, tariffs, and trade agreements.2. Phrases: commonly used expressions in business negotiations, contract signing, order placement, and shipment tracking.3. Procedures: step-by-step processes for importing and exporting goods through Chinese ports, including documentation requirements and inspection protocols.III. Teaching Methods1. Lectures: introducing new vocabulary, phrases, and procedures through PowerPoint presentations.2. Role-plays: simulating real-life business scenarios to practice communication skills and problem-solving.3. Case studies: analyzing and discussing actual import and export cases to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations.4. Group discussions: encouraging students to share their opinions and experiences in import and export trade.IV. Teaching Materials1. Textbook: "Business English for Import and Export Trade" by Jane Smith.2. Handouts: worksheets with vocabulary exercises, role-play scenarios, and case studies.3. Online resources: videos, articles, and interactive activities related to Chinese import and export ports.V. Assessment Methods1. Quizzes: testing students' comprehension of key vocabulary and concepts.2. Role-play evaluations: assessing students' communication skills and problem-solving abilities in business scenarios.3. Case study analysis: evaluating students' ability to apply theoretical knowledge to practical situations.4. Final exam: assessing overall understanding and retention of materials covered throughout the course.VI. Teaching Plan1. Week 1: Introduction to Import and Export Trade- Lecture: overview of Chinese import and export ports.- Vocabulary: introduction of key terms related to import and export trade.- Role-play: simulating a negotiation between Chinese and international partners.2. Week 2: Shipping and Logistics- Lecture: explanation of shipping methods, logistics processes, and customs clearance procedures.- Phrases: practice using expressions for booking shipments, tracking orders, and resolving shipping issues.- Group discussion: analyzing a case study of a logistics problem at a Chinese port.3. Week 3: Tariffs and Trade Agreements- Lecture: discussion of tariffs, trade agreements, and their impact on import and export transactions.- Vocabulary: learning terms related to tariff calculation, duty-free zones, and preferential trade agreements.- Case study: analyzing a recent trade agreement between China and a major trading partner.4. Week 4: Documentation and Inspection- Lecture: explanation of documentation requirements and inspection procedures at Chinese import and export ports.- Role-play: simulating a customs inspection scenario and practicing communication with inspectors.- Quiz: testing comprehension of documentation requirements and inspection protocols.5. Week 5: Business Communication Skills- Lecture: tips for effective communication in business settings, including email writing and telephone etiquette.- Phrases: practicing polite and professional language in business negotiations and correspondence.- Final exam: assessing overall understanding and retention of materials covered in the course.VII. ConclusionBy the end of this course, students will have gained a solid understanding of the vocabulary, phrases, procedures, and skills necessary for conducting import and export transactions at Chinese ports. They will be better equipped to communicate with international partners, navigate customs clearance processes, and ensure the smooth flow of goods through the import and export trade.篇2China Import and Export Port Business English Teaching PlanI. Teaching Objectives:1. To help students understand the terminologies and phrases commonly used in business English related to import and export.2. To improve students' listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills in English.3. To provide students with the necessary knowledge and skills to communicate effectively in business settings.4. To enhance students' understanding of the import and export process in China.II. Teaching Content:1. Introduction to Import and Export- Definition of import and export- Importance of import and export in China- Major import and export products in China2. Terminologies and Phrases- Commonly used terms in import and export- Phrases for negotiating contracts- Phrases for handling customs procedures3. Import and Export Process- Steps involved in importing goods into China- Steps involved in exporting goods from China- Documentation required for import and export4. Role Play Activities- Simulated business scenarios for practicing business English- Negotiating deals with foreign clients- Handling customs clearance proceduresIII. Teaching Methods:1. Lectures: to provide students with the necessary knowledge and understanding of the import and export process.2. Group discussions: to encourage students to participate actively and share their ideas and experiences.3. Role-playing: to help students practice using business English in realistic scenarios.4. Case studies: to analyze real-life import and export cases and discuss the challenges and solutions.IV. Assessment:1. Written tests: to evaluate students' understanding of the terminologies and phrases used in business English.2. Oral presentations: to assess students' ability to communicate effectively in English.3. Role-playing evaluations: to measure students' performance in applying business English in practical scenarios.4. Group projects: to assess students' teamwork and problem-solving skills in import and export situations.V. Conclusion:By the end of this course, students will have a solid foundation in business English related to import and export in China. They will be equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to communicate effectively with foreign clients, negotiate deals, and handle customs procedures. This course will help students excel in their future careers in the import and export industry.篇3Title: Teaching Plan for Business English in Chinese Import and Export PortsI. Introduction- Overview of the course and its objectives- Brief introduction of the instructor- Introduction to the topic of Business English in Chinese import and export portsII. Preparing for International Trade- Vocabulary on import and export- Common business expressions used in import and export- Role-play activities to practice negotiation skillsIII. Document Handling in International Trade- Types of documents used in international trade- How to fill out common import and export forms- Exercises on understanding and interpreting trade documentsIV. Communicating Effectively in Business- Email writing skills for communication with international clients- Telephone etiquette in business conversations- Presentation skills for demonstrating products and servicesV. Cultural Differences in Business- Understanding cultural nuances in business communication- Tips for successful cross-cultural negotiations- Case studies on cultural misunderstandings in international tradeVI. Risk Management in International Business- Types of risks in import and export operations- Strategies for minimizing risks in international trade- Simulation exercises on handling risks in business transactionsVII. Final Assessment- Written test on vocabulary, grammar, and practical skills- Oral presentation on a given topic related to import/export business- Overall evaluation of students' performance in the courseVIII. Conclusion- Recap of key points learned in the course- Feedback on the effectiveness of the teaching plan- Suggestions for further improvement in teaching Business English in Chinese import and export portsBy following this comprehensive teaching plan, students will gain practical skills and knowledge in handling international business transactions and communication in import and export operations. This will better prepare them for successful careers in the field of international trade.。
六年级上册英语说课稿-Unit 1 In China Lesson 1｜人教(新起点)
六年级上册英语说课稿-Unit 1 In China Lesson 1｜人教（新起点）一、教学目标1.学会询问和回答有关家庭、名字、国籍和年龄的基本信息。
2.练习听说读写基本英语单词和句子。
3.学会用正确的语调和表情说出简单的英语句子。
4.增强学生对英语的兴趣和信心，打牢英语学习的基础。
二、教学重点1.学会询问和回答有关家庭、名字、国籍和年龄的基本信息。
2.练习听说读写基本英语单词和句子。
三、教学难点1.学会用正确的语调和表情说出简单的英语句子。
2.增强学生对英语的兴趣和信心，打牢英语学习的基础。
四、教学过程1. Warming up询问学生最近的生活情况，引导他们自由发言，激发他们对英语的兴趣。
2. Pre-reading通过一些图片和视频素材，让学生初步了解中国的一些文化和风俗，如中国春节、长城等，为学习本课文做好铺垫。
3. While-reading在教师引导下，学生认真阅读课文，重点学习词汇和语法，帮助学生理解课文内容。
Step 1了解课文中出现的人物、动物和地点，并学习相关的单词和词汇，如father、mother、brother、sister、dog等。
Step 2学生结合课文内容自由发言，用英语描述自己和家人，如“My father is a teacher”, “I have a brother he is a student”等。
Step 3学生认真阅读课文，抓住重点理解，并学习相关的句型，如“What’s your name?”、“My name is…”、“Where are you from?”、“I’m from China”等。
Step 4开展听力训练，教师播放相关的录音和视频素材，让学生通过听力训练和模仿，提升自己的英语口语。
4. Post-reading结合练习册中的题目，巩固学生对本课内容的理解和掌握。
教师还可以扩展课文内容，通过音乐、游戏等形式，让学生更加深入地了解中国文化和体验英语学习的乐趣。
中国贸易指南英语
中国贸易指南英语China has long been a hub of international trade, with a rich history and a vibrant present. Its diverse markets and products attract traders from around the globe.Understanding the Chinese market requires knowledge ofits economic policies and cultural nuances. Businessetiquette plays a crucial role in establishing successful relationships with 中文版：Negotiations in China are often a lengthy process, requiring patience and a deep understanding of the local business environment. Building trust is key to sealing deals.The Belt and Road Initiative has opened up new avenuesfor trade and investment, connecting China with countries across Asia, Europe, and Africa.Language is a barrier for many foreign traders, but with the right tools and resources, such as translation services and language courses, communication can be facilitated.Technology has revolutionized trade, with e-commerce platforms like Alibaba and providing a gateway for international businesses to access the Chinese market.China's trade regulations are continuously evolving, so staying informed about the latest changes is essential fortraders to avoid legal complications.Sustainability and environmental concerns are becoming increasingly important in China, with a growing demand for eco-friendly products and practices.In conclusion, navigating the Chinese trade landscape requires a combination of cultural awareness, strategic planning, and adaptability to the ever-changing market conditions.。
Lesson1 课件
2. May I …? 表示“我可以…吗” 用来礼貌地征求对方 的同意，后面跟动词原形。 May 是情态动词，后跟第一人称 I 或we. 肯定回答 Yes，you may./ Sure./ Of course. 否定回答No , you can't. / Sorry, you may not.
Can I leave Jack a note?
我能给杰克留个便条吗？
We should make notes in the class . 我们应该在课堂上做笔记。
7. news n. 新闻，消息 不可数名词 I have some good news.
a piece of news 一则新闻 two pieces of news 两则新闻
He plans to visit his uncle next month.
4. trip 可数名词 意为 旅行、 旅程 。通常指短距离的旅行 。
a trip to ... 去 ... 之旅 ； go on a trip to ... 到...旅行
I have a trip to Shanghai. May I go on a trip to Canada?
New words
/trɪp/
n. 旅行，旅程
/sɪlk/
n. 丝，丝绸
/rəʊd/
n. 路，公路
/nəʊt/
n. 笔记，
/tʃɑːns/
n. 机会，运气
/njuːz/
n. 消息，新闻
/li:d/
v. 带领，指路
/send/
v. 寄，送
trip n. 旅行，旅程
TheForeignTradeofChina-中国的外贸
TheForeignTradeofChina-中国的外贸The Foreign Trade of China-中国的外贸The Foreign Trade of ChinaDirections: For this part, you are to write a compolsition of no less than 100 wolds on The Foreign Trade of China.Study the following table carefully and your composition must be bascd on the infor marion given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1. Write general situation of import and export.2. Analyze the amount of import and export.3. Draw your own conclusion.You should quote as few figures as possible.The Foreign Trade of ChinaThe table shows China import and export situation. The amount of imports and exports incresed steadily from 1950 to 1985. The amount of imports is greater than the exports.The foreign trade amount in 1985 was fifty times as much as in 1950. The export. amount in 1985 was forty times than it of 1950. The import amount in 1985 was 125, 730 million yuan, an increase of sixty fold over 1950. The import amount bad been about the same as the export amount until 1981. In 1983 we had an export surplus of 1700 million yuan, But the trade deficit in 1985 amounted to 44,850 million yuan.The rapid growth of the amount of import and export owes much to the open door policy. Steps should be taken to increase the export amount.中国的外贸图表说明中国的进出口状况，从1950年至1985年，进口量和出口量迅速增长。
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What is foreign trade?
Foreign trade (对外贸易) refers to the exchange of goods, service and technology between a country and other countries. It is made up of two parts: Export 出口 Import 进口
China’s Foreign Trade
Lesson 1
考试题型
1、选择题（30%） 2、英译中（10%） 3、中译英（10%） 4、阅读答问（18%） 5、阅读、判断对错（20%） 6、翻译（12%）
如何复习？
考核目标：英语技能和经贸知识 1. 通读课文 2. 精读－归纳总结经济贸易方面的术语并翻 译成对应的汉语，术语包括： （1）国际国内的经济和贸易方面的组织与 机构名称，econ 经互会、 World bank 世界银行 （2）术语的缩写及英文全称。 E.g.ＷＴＯ的全称为World Trade Organization OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)石油输出国组织
Breakdown Para 6:
Commodity breakdown: 商品分类 Account for: occupy, 占 Textile fibre: 纺织纤维 Mineral ore: 矿石 Industrial sector: 工业部门
Para 7:
During the past few years a major objective of the Chinese authorities（权威、 权力） has been to reduce（减少） the proportion（比例） of agricultural exports, while increasing that of industrial and mineral products. 过去几年，中国当局的主要贸易目标一直 是减少农产品出口的比例，增加工业和矿 产品的出口比例
A major trade agreement with Japan, under which China exports coal and oil in return for industrial equipment and technology was signed in Feb 1978. 1978年2月中国与日本签订了一个主要 贸易协定，根据该协定，中国向日本出 口煤和石油以换取工业设备和技术。
Terms:
Manufactured goods: 制成品 Capital equipment: 资本设备 （如机器，厂房） Industrialization programme 工业化项目 Heavy industry: 重工业 Economic imbalance: 经济失衡 National income: 国民收入 The volume of foreign trade: 对外贸易额
Favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差/ unfavorable balance of trade贸易逆差 Visible trade surplus: 有形贸易顺差 Recognition: realization 意识 Undue strain: excessive pressure 不应有 的压力，过分的压力 Net grain exporter: 粮食净出口国
The Balance Shifts Para 8:
Balance: 收支平衡 Balance of payments: 国际收支measures the payments that flow between any individual country and all other countries 一国对所有其他国家在一定时期内所发生 的全部对外支出与收入的对比，通常包括： 有形项目visible account; 无形项目invisible account和资本项目capital account Visible trade: exchange of commodity Invisible trade: exchange of service
Para 7:
A wide variety of industrial goods are now exported and Chinese capital equipment has been used by a number of developing countries to establish projects in areas such as agriculture, forestry, light industry, food processing, water conservation and transport and communication. 目前，各种各样的工业品出口海外，中国的 资本设备被许多发展中国家用于各个领域的 建设项目，如农业，林业，轻工业，食品加 工业，储水，运输与通讯业等领域。
Para 2 new words:
Withdrawal: cancellation 撤走 Shift away from…toward: move from….to…从。。。转向。。。 Consistent theme: persistent principle 一贯宗旨 Comecon：Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经济互助会[经 互会
Background
Through reform and opening to the outside world, China entered a new era in the late 1970s. Though the world was then still under the cold war regime, changes did occur in China’s foreign trade, both in the commodity structure and in the trading partnership.
Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978， placing undue strain on the national economy. 中国政府认识到，外国技术能够在本国 经济的现代化过程中起重大作用，这使 1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上， 从而给国民经济带来了沉重负担。
Keywords in Para 1:
Pattern: model, form 模式 Substantially: significantly, dramatically 巨 大地 In return for: in exchange for 交换 Produce gains: bring benefits 带来收益 Subsequently: afterwards; later 后来 Exacerbate: worsen 加剧 Contract: reduce, decrease 减少
3.仔细和反复地阅读和掌握课文之后的注释， 即Notes to the text。 4.注意普通词汇，包括名词、形容词、副词、 介词短语和搭配的理解和运用。 可以将自己不甚熟悉的词或短语连同所在的 句子在课文中标注出来或摘抄下来，找出尽 可能多的替换词。 重视sions）、 针对课文的问题与语言点 （Questions on contents and language points） 5. 多做模拟题和真题训练
Para 4 new words:
EEC: European Economic Community欧洲经 济共同体 (European Common Market 欧洲共 同市场) 现改称为European Union欧洲联盟 In the wake of: following 尾随, 紧跟 Diplomatic relations: 外交关系 Sino-USA: 中美 Come into force: take effect Accord: grant 授予 Most-favored nation treatment: 最惠国待遇 the normal trade treatment (status) 正常贸易 待遇(地位)
Changes in trade policies:
a. trade shifted away from the former Soviet Union and East European countries toward Western countries. b. Emphasis was placed on upgrading domestic industry through introducing foreign technology and attracting foreign direct investment. c. The recognizable trend of these changes was toward trade and investment liberalization(自由化).
Para 3
Disrupt: interrupt The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious. 在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一 次被打断了。当时农业和工业生产急剧下 降，交通运输管制变的更严重。