高中英语语法定语从句总结全
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高中英语定语从句详解
Ⅰ、概念:
(1) 定语从句:在主从复合句中用作定语得从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰得成份。先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句得词叫关系词,分为关系代词与关系副词。
关系词得作用:
1) 引导定语从句,连接主句与从句,相当于一个连词;
2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)
常用得关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时,关系代词可以省略。
常用得关系副词(在从句中只作状语): when(时间状语)、why(原因状语)、whe re(地点状语)
可以修饰人得关系代词:that, who,whom,whose
可以修饰事得关系代词:that, which, as,whose,
The student who answered the question was John、
Iknow thereasonwhy he wasso angry、
The boy (whom) you are talkingto is mybrother、
I'd like a roomwhose window facesthe sea、
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二瞧先行词在定语从句中得语法功能(做主语、宾语、表语或状语);
第三选择合适得关系词。
Ⅱ、几个关系代词得基本用法:
●that:可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语) 如:
1、A letterthat/which is written in pencil is difficult to read、(主语)
2、Do you know the gentleman that/whospoke just now?
3、You can takeanything ( that)you like、(宾语)
4、Whatis thequestion(that/which) they aretalking about?
5、Hereis theman (who/whom/that) you want tosee、
6、She's no longerthe girl( that) sheused to be before、(表语)
7、Ourhometown isno longer theone (that)it usedto be、(=Our hometown isnot the same as it used tobe、
= Our hometown is differentfrom what itusedtobe。
=Ourhometown is notwhat it used to be、)
●which:指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如:
1、Thebook which/thatwas on the deskwasbought bymy father、(主语)
2、Thebook(which/that) Ibought yesterdayis very
interesting、(宾语)
●who, whom,whose:
who: 主格,在从句中作主语,只可指人
whom: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人
whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。译为:某人得,某物得
whose +名词=the +n、+of which(某物得)
the+n、+ of whom(某人得)
I likethe studentswho/thatwork hard、(主语)
The boy(that/who /whom ) we saw yesterdayis Tom、
I know thegirl whosefather is a teacher、
(whose father=the father of whom)
Achild whose parents are dead iscalled an orphan、(指人) (whose parents = the parents ofwhom)
I'd like a room whose window faces south、(指物)
(whosewindow=thewindow of which)
关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用whom;表物用which)
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末、但以放于句首较为正式、(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组得含义。关系代词who 与that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末、)
The man (whom /who/ that) my mother is talking with isMr Black、
=The manwithwhom my motheris talkingis MrBlack、Thisis thebook forwhich you asked、
=Thisis thebook(that/which) youaskedfor、
Do you know the personwith whom Ishook hands?
= Doyou know theperson (whom/who/that) Ishookhandswith?
The library from which we can borrow books is very big、
Thisisthe bookabout which I told youjust now、
●as得用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
①如为限制性得,多用于the same …as;the same as(与……相同);such …a s…(如此,这样); asmany/muchas(与……一样多);so/as…as (与……一样)等结构中。如:
※I have the same book as you (have)、我有一本与您得一样得书。Her attitudeto him wasquite the sameasit hadalways been、(关系代词as与指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语, 先行词就就是same、)
、---Why didn't you mention thatinfaceofthe police justnow?
---Ithought it wassuch a minor detail as washardly worth mentioning、
Wewill only discuss such problems ashave somethingtodo with our own interests、