POJ1258
诺泊尔 RPJ 80% 单阶热箱产品说明书
80% Single Stage Heating FurnaceEASIER TO SELLS 80% AFUES Flame roll −out sensors standard S Category I venting S Blocked vent switch S Louvered doorS 24 VAC humidifier terminal S Electronic air cleaner terminal S R8MXL California NOx approvedS Certified to leak 2 percent or less of nominal air conditioning CFMdelivered when pressurized to 1-inch Water Gauge with all present air inlets, air outlets, and condensate drain port(s) sealedTOUGHERS ECM blower motorS Adjustable heating blower OFF delay S Factory set blower ON delayS RPJ aluminized steel heat exchangerS High temperature limit control prevents overheating S Direct ignition with Silicon Nitride ignitor S One piece prepainted steel cabinetQUIETERS In −shot burnersEASIER TO INSTALL AND SERVICES 33 1/3” (847mm) high, for ease of installationS Innovative knobs for easy door removal and secure attachment S Factory shipped for natural gas, with propanegas conversion kits availableS Four position − upflow/downflow/horizontal (left/right) installation S Three position inducer elbow capability S Through the casing flue pipe for counterflow applications S Common venting with other Category I appliances S Masonry chimney adapter available S Self diagnosticsS Slide out blower assembly WARRANTY *S 20 year heat exchanger limited warrantyS 10 year parts limited warranty with timely registrationS 5 year parts limited warranty if not registered within 90 days of original installationIllustrations and photographs are only representative.Some product models may vary.Use of the AHRI Certified TM Mark indicates amanufacturer’s participation in the program. Forverification of certification for individual products,go to .*For residential applications only. See warranty certificate for complete details and restrictions, includingwarranty coverage for other applications.Model Size Input (MBTUH)Efficiency AFUE Cooling Capacity CFM range@ .5 in. w.c. (125 Pa)Dimensions H x W x D Inches (Millimeters)Shipping Wt.Lbs (Kg)R8MXL 045141244,00080%415 − 108033−1/3 x 14−3/16 x 29 (847 x 360 x 737)104 (47)R8MXL 070171266,00080%385 − 100533−1/3 x 17−1/2 x 29 (847 x 445 x 737)126 (57)R8MXL 070171666,00080%875 − 143533−1/3 x 17−1/2 x 29 (847 x 445 x 737)126 (57)R8MXL 090171488,00080%750 − 121033−1/3 x 17−1/2 x 29 (847 x 445 x 737)127 (58)R8MXL 090211688,00080%845 − 144533−1/3 x 21 x 29 (847 x 533 x 737)140 (64)R8MXL 1102120110,00080%990 − 204033−1/3 x 21 x 29 (847 x 533 x 737)152 (69)R8MXL1352420132,00080%1025 − 181033−1/3 x 24−1/2 x 29 (847 x 622 x 737)163 (74)R8MXLProduct SpecificationsMODEL NUMBER IDENTIFICATION GUIDEDIGIT POSITION 123456,7,89,1011,121314R8M X L0451412A1 R = Non−Branded8 = 80% AFUE EFFICIENCYM = Multiposition POSITIONV = Variable Speed Blower Motor − ECMX = ECM Blower MotorS = Single−stageT = Two−stage TYPEN = StandardL = Low NOx FEATURE045 = 44,000 BTU/hr070 = 66,000 BTU/hr090 = 88,000 BTU/hr110 = 110,000 BTU/hr HEAT INPUT14 = 14−3/16”17 = 17−1/2”21 = 21”24 = 24−1/2”CABINET WIDTH12 = 1200 CFM (max)14 = 1400 CFM (max)20 = 2000 CFM (max)22 = 2200 CFM (max)NOMINAL MAXIMUM COOLING AIRFLOW @ .5 IN.W.C.SALES (MAJOR) REVISION DIGITENGINEERING (MINOR) REVISION DIGITACCESSORIES PART NUMBER IDENTIFICATION GUIDEDIGIT POSITION12345, 6, 78, 910, 11N A H A00101DH N = Non−Branded BRANDINGA = Accessory PRODUCT GROUPH = Heating KIT USAGEA = OriginalB = 2nd GenerationC = 3rd Generation MAJOR SERIESProduct Identifier NumberPackage QuantityType of Kit (Example: DH = Draft Hood − Chimney Adapter)SPECIFICATIONSNATURAL GAS0451412A0701712A0701716A0901714A0902116A1102120A1352420AINPUT BTUH*Upflow44,00066,00066,00088,00088,000110,000132,000 Hz/Downflow42,00063,00063,00084,00084,000105,000126,000OUTPUT CAPACITY BTUH* (Nonweatherized ICS) †Upflow36,00054,00054,00071,00072,00090,000107,000 Hz/Downflow34,00051,00051,00068,00068,00085,000102,000AFUE † *NonweatherizedICS80.080.080.080.080.080.080.0 ELECTRICALTRANSFORMER (24 volt)40 VACERTIFIED TEMP RISE RANGE −_F (_C)30−60(17−33)35−65(19−36)25−55(14−31)40−70(22−39)35−65(19−36)30−60(17−33)40−70(22−39)CERTIFIED EXT STATIC PRESSURE Heating.10.12.12.15.15.20.20 Cooling.50.50.50.50.50.50.50AIRFLOW CFM‡Heating71098212051203141818901760 Cooling1080100514351210144520401810CONTROLSLIMIT CONTROL SPSTHEATING BLOWER CONTROL Solid−State Time OperationBURNERS (Monoport)2334456 GAS CONNECTION SIZE1/2 inch NPTGAS CONTROLSGAS VALVE (Redundant)Manufacturer White−RodgersMinimum Inlet Pressure (in. w.c.) 4.5 (Natural Gas)Maximum Inlet Pressure (in. w.c.)13.6 (Natural Gas)IGNITION DEVICE Hot SurfaceBLOWER PERFORMANCE DATACOOLING CAPACITY CFM range(.5 in. w.c.)430 − 1080385 − 1005875 − 1435750 − 1210845 − 1445990 − 20401025 − 1810 DIRECT-DRIVE MOTOR Hp (ECM)1/31/33/41/21/213/4 MOTOR FULL LOAD AMPS 4.4 4.48.8 6.8 6.811.58.8 RPM (Nominal) – Speeds1050−51050−51050−51050−51050−51050−51050−5BLOWER WHEEL DIAMETER WIDTHS − in (mm)10 x 6 (254152)11 x 8(279 x 203)11 x 8(279 x 203)11 x 8(279 x 203)10 x 10(254 x 25411 x 11(279 x 27911 x 11(279 x 279FILTER ARRANGEMENT External Filter Rack Required*Gas input ratings are certified for elevations to 2000 ft. (609.6 m) For elevations about 2000 ft. (609.6 m), reduce ratings 4% for each 1000 ft. (304.8m) above sea level. Refer to National Fuel Gas Code Table F4 or Furnace Installation Instructions. In Canada, derate the unit 10% for elevations 2000 ft. (609.6 m) to 4500 ft. (1371.6 m) above sea level.†Capacity in accordance with U.S. Government DOE test procedures.‡Airflow shown is for bottom only return-air supply for the as-shipped speed tap. For air delivery above 1800 CFM, see Air Delivery table for other options. A filter is required for each return air supply. An airflow reduction of up to 7% may occur when using the factory specified 4-5/16 inch (109.5 mm) wide, high efficiency media filter.** Time delay type is recommended.ICS Isolated Combustion SystemN/A Not ApplicableELECTRICAL DATAFURNACE MODEL Volts−Hertz−PhaseOperatingVoltage* RangeMaximum UnitAmpsUnitAmpacity#Minimum WireSize AWGMaximum WireLength‡ft (m)Maximum Fuseor CKT BKR†Amps MaximumMini-mum0451412115−60−1127104 5.67.814.047.0(14.3)15.0 0701712115−60−1127104 5.67.814.047.0(14.3)15.0 0701716115−60−112710410.013.314.027.0(8.2)15.0 0901714115−60−11271048.211.014.033.0(10.1)15.0 0902116115−60−11271048.211.014.033.0(10.1)15.0 1102120115−60−112710413.417.412.033.0(10.1)20.0 1352420115−60−112710410.714.014.026.0(7.9)15.0 * Permissible limits of the voltage range at which the unit operates satisfactorily.{ Time−delay type is recommended.}Length shown is as measured 1 way along wire path between unit and service panel for maximum 2 percent voltage drop.R8MXLA B C DVENTCONNECTIONSIZESHIP WTLB (KG) CABINET WIDTHIN (MM)OUTLET WIDTHIN (MM)TOP AND BOTTOMOUTLETIN (MM)BOTTOM INLETWIDTHIN (MM)0451412A14−3/16 (360)12−9/16 (319)9−5/16 (237)12−11/16 (322)4104 (47) 0701712A17−1/2 (445)15−7/8 (403)11−9/16 (294)16−1/8 (410)4126 (57) 0701716A17−1/2 (445)15−7/8 (403)11−9/16 (294)16−1/8 (410)4126 (57) 0901714A17−1/2 (445)15−7/8 (403)11−9/16 (294)16−1/8 (410)4127 (58) 0902116A21 (533)19−3/8 (492)13−5/16 (338)19−1/2 (495)4140 (64) 1102120A21 (533)19−3/8 (492)13−5/16 (338)19−1/2 (495)4152 (69) 1352420A24−1/2 (622)22−7/8 (581)15−1/16 (383)23 (584) 4 {163 (74) {135 Btu/h size furnaces require 5 inch (127 mm) vents. Use a 4-5 inch (102-127 mm) vent adaptor between furnace and vent stack.See installation instructions for complete installation requirements.Venting notes1.For common vent, vent connector sizing and vent material: United States, use the latest edition of the National Fuel Gas Code(NFGC).2.Immediately increase to 5 inch (127mm) vent connector outside furnace casing when 5 inch (127mm) vent connector required,refer to Note 1.3.Side outlet vent for upflow and downflow installations must use Type B vent immediately after exiting the furnace, except when theDownflow Vent Guard Kit is used in downflow position.4.Type B vent where required, refer to Note 1.5.4 inch (102 mm) single−wall (26 ga. min.) vent must be used inside furnace casing and when the Downflow Vent Guard Kit is usedexternal to the furnace.6.Accessory Downflow Vent Guard Kit, required in downflow installations with lower vent configuration.7.Chimney Adapter Kit may be required for exterior masonry chimney applications. Refer to Chimney Adapter Kit for sizing andcomplete application details.8.Secure vent connector to furnace elbow with two (2) corrosion−resistant sheet metal screws, space approximately 180° apart.9.Secure all other single wall vent connector joints with three (3) corrosion−resistant screws spaced approximately 120° apart. secureType B vent connectors per vent connector manufacturer’s recommendations.MINIMUM CLEARANCES TO COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS FOR ALL UNITSThis forced air furnace is equipped for use with natural gas ataltitudes 0 − 10,000 ft (0 − 3,050m).An accessory kit, supplied by the manufacturer, shall be used toconvert to propane gas use or may be required for some naturalgas applications.This furnace is for indoor installation in a building constructed onsite.The furnace may be installed on combustible flooring in alcove orcloset at minimum clearance as indicated by the diagram fromcombustible material.This furnace may be used with a Type B−1 Vent and may be ventedin common with other gas fired appliances.This furnace is approved for UPFLOW, DOWNFLOW, andHORIZONTAL installations.Downflow Positions:{Installation on non−combustible floors only.For Installation on combustible flooring only when installed onspecial base or coil assembly.18 inch front clearance required for alcove.*Indicate supply or return sides when furnace is in the horizontalposition. Line contact only permissible between lines formed byintersections of the Top and two Sides of the furnace jacket, andbuilding joists, studs or framing.AIR DELIVERY − CFM (with filter)*UNIT SIZE WIRE-LEADCOLORSPEEDTest Airflow Delivery @ Various External Static Pressures (in. w.c.)0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.910451412Gray51230119011551120108010451010975935895 Yellow4980945920890855815770735690645 Orange3770720685640600560520475430385 Blue2710660620580540490455415375335 Red1600540500455415385345305235−−0701712Gray511851140109510551005960915865820780 Yellow41000940895850800750695650600555 Blue3990935895845790740690640590535 Orange2855775720660605560495435385335 Red1860685515445385340275205−−−−0701716Gray51610156515251475143513951350130512601215 Yellow4138513351290125012051165112510751025980 Blue312151165112010751035985940895845840 Orange21175113010851035990945900855805760 Red1108010159559208758207807256706200901714Gray5135513201285124512101165112510801025815 Yellow412951255122011851140110010551005955815 Blue3122011851150110510651025975915840740 Orange21030985940900845790715655590535 Red 1 39459058558007506706005404904350902116Gray5162515801535149014451395134012601135995 Blue4144013951350130512551200114510901040950 Yellow3142513801335129012351185112510751020940 Orange212601210116011051050990935880820755 Red 1 3109510409809058457807206505855201102120Gray52255220521502100204019851920183517351615 Yellow41600152514651400133512751210115010801015 Blue31945189018301770171516551600154514801430 Orange21420134012801200114010651005925865790 Red112801205114010559909108407606956301352420Gray52065200519401875181017401670160015301470 Blue41825176016951630156014901420135012751205 Yellow31760169016251555148514151345127512001130 Orange2162015501480140513351260119511301065995 Red 1 313251260118511001025955885805735670NOTES:1.A filter is required for each return−air inlet. Airflow performance includes a 3/4 in. (19 mm) washable filter media such ascontained in factory−authorized accessory filter rack. See accessory list. To determine airflow performance without this filter, assume an additional 0.1 in. W.C. available external static pressure.2.ADJUST THE BLOWER SPEED TAPS AS NECESSARY FOR THE PROPER AIR TEMPERATURE RISE FOR EACHINSTALLATION.3.Highlighted areas indicate airflow range is beyond the range allowed for heating. THESE AIRFLOW RANGES MAY ONLY BEUSED FOR COOLING.−− Indicates unstable operating conditions.ACCESSORIESPART NUMBER DESCRIPTION0451412070171207017160701714090211611021201352420NAHB00501FF External Bottom Filter Rack, 14inch (14 x 25 inch washable filter included)XNAHB00601FF External Bottom Filter Rack, 17inch (16 x 25 inch washable filterincluded)X X XNAHB00701FF External Bottom Filter Rack, 21inch (20 x 25 inch washable filterincluded)X XNAHB00801FF External Bottom Filter Rack, 24inch (24 x 25 inch washable filterincludedXNAHA00506FB†Washable filter, 1 inch 16 x 25(6 pack)X X X XNAHA00706FB Washable filter, 1 inch 24 x 25(6 pack)X X XNAHA01001FF Side Filter Rack 16 x 25 (not ad-justable)X X X X X X XNAHA01006FF Side Filter Racks 16 x 25 (6 pack)X X X X X X XNAHA01101SB Combustible Floor Base (Notrequired when evaporator coilcase is used for downflow)X X X X X X XNAHB00301VC Downflow Vent Guard (Not re-quired when vent is routedthrough cabinet)X X X X X X XNAHA00401DH Chimney Adapter Kit 4−in. vent X X X X X XNAHA00301DH Chimney Adapter Kit 5−in. vent XNAHD00901LP*Natural−to−Propane ConversionKitX X X X X X XNAHD00901NG*Propane−to−Natural ConversionKitX X X X X X XX Accessory available†Suitable for side return filter rack and 17 inch external bottom filter rack.Copyright 2015 International Comfort ProductsLewisburg, Tennessee 37091 USA。
POJ 题目整理
初期:一.基本算法:(1)枚举. (poj1753,poj2965)(2)贪心(poj1328,poj2109,poj2586)(3)递归和分治法.(4)递推.(5)构造法.(poj3295)(6)模拟法.(poj1068,poj2632,poj1573,poj2993,poj2996)二.图算法:(1)图的深度优先遍历和广度优先遍历.(2)最短路径算法(dijkstra,bellman-ford,floyd,heap+dijkstra)(poj1860,poj3259,poj1062,poj2253,poj1125,poj2240)(3)最小生成树算法(prim,kruskal) (poj1789,poj2485,poj1258,poj3026)(4)拓扑排序 (poj1094)(5)二分图的最大匹配 (匈牙利算法) (poj3041,poj3020)(6)最大流的增广路算法(KM算法). (poj1459,poj3436)三.数据结构.(1)串 (poj1035,poj3080,poj1936)(2)排序(快排、归并排(与逆序数有关)、堆排) (poj2388,poj2299)(3)简单并查集的应用.(4)哈希表和二分查找等高效查找法(数的Hash,串的Hash)(poj3349,poj3274,POJ2151,poj1840,poj2002,poj2503)(5)哈夫曼树(poj3253)(6)堆(7)trie树(静态建树、动态建树) (poj2513)四.简单搜索(1)深度优先搜索 (poj2488,poj3083,poj3009,poj1321,poj2251)(2)广度优先搜索(poj3278,poj1426,poj3126,poj3087.poj3414)(3)简单搜索技巧和剪枝(poj2531,poj1416,poj2676,1129)五.动态规划(1)背包问题. (poj1837,poj1276)(2)型如下表的简单DP(可参考lrj的书 page149):1.E[j]=opt{D+w(i,j)} (poj3267,poj1836,poj1260,poj2533)2.E[i,j]=opt{D[i-1,j]+xi,D[i,j-1]+yj,D[i-1][j-1]+zij} (最长公共子序列) (poj3176,poj1080,poj1159)3.C[i,j]=w[i,j]+opt{C[i,k-1]+C[k,j]}.(最优二分检索树问题)六.数学(1)组合数学:1.加法原理和乘法原理.2.排列组合.3.递推关系.(POJ3252,poj1850,poj1019,poj1942)(2)数论.1.素数与整除问题2.进制位.3.同余模运算.(poj2635, poj3292,poj1845,poj2115)(3)计算方法.1.二分法求解单调函数相关知识.(poj3273,poj3258,poj1905,poj3122)七.计算几何学.(1)几何公式.(2)叉积和点积的运用(如线段相交的判定,点到线段的距离等). (poj2031,poj1039)(3)多边型的简单算法(求面积)和相关判定(点在多边型内,多边型是否相交)(poj1408,poj1584)(4)凸包. (poj2187,poj1113)中级:一.基本算法:(1)C++的标准模版库的应用. (poj3096,poj3007)(2)较为复杂的模拟题的训练(poj3393,poj1472,poj3371,poj1027,poj2706)二.图算法:(1)差分约束系统的建立和求解. (poj1201,poj2983)(2)最小费用最大流(poj2516,poj2516,poj2195)(3)双连通分量(poj2942)(4)强连通分支及其缩点.(poj2186)(5)图的割边和割点(poj3352)(6)最小割模型、网络流规约(poj3308, )三.数据结构.(1)线段树. (poj2528,poj2828,poj2777,poj2886,poj2750)(2)静态二叉检索树. (poj2482,poj2352)(3)树状树组(poj1195,poj3321)(4)RMQ. (poj3264,poj3368)(5)并查集的高级应用. (poj1703,2492)(6)KMP算法. (poj1961,poj2406)四.搜索(1)最优化剪枝和可行性剪枝(2)搜索的技巧和优化 (poj3411,poj1724)(3)记忆化搜索(poj3373,poj1691)五.动态规划(1)较为复杂的动态规划(如动态规划解特别的施行商问题等) (poj1191,poj1054,poj3280,poj2029,poj2948,poj1925,poj3034)(2)记录状态的动态规划. (POJ3254,poj2411,poj1185)(3)树型动态规划(poj2057,poj1947,poj2486,poj3140)六.数学(1)组合数学:1.容斥原理.2.抽屉原理.3.置换群与Polya定理(poj1286,poj2409,poj3270,poj1026).4.递推关系和母函数.(2)数学.1.高斯消元法(poj2947,poj1487, poj2065,poj1166,poj1222)2.概率问题. (poj3071,poj3440)3.GCD、扩展的欧几里德(中国剩余定理) (poj3101)(3)计算方法.1.0/1分数规划. (poj2976)2.三分法求解单峰(单谷)的极值.3.矩阵法(poj3150,poj3422,poj3070)4.迭代逼近(poj3301)(4)随机化算法(poj3318,poj2454)(5)杂题. (poj1870,poj3296,poj3286,poj1095)七.计算几何学.(1)坐标离散化.(2)扫描线算法(例如求矩形的面积和周长并,常和线段树或堆一起使用).(poj1765,poj1177,poj1151,poj3277,poj2280,poj3004)(3)多边形的内核(半平面交)(poj3130,poj3335)(4)几何工具的综合应用.(poj1819,poj1066,poj2043,poj3227,poj2165,poj3429)高级:一.基本算法要求:(1)代码快速写成,精简但不失风格(poj2525,poj1684,poj1421,poj1048,poj2050,poj3306)(2)保证正确性和高效性. poj3434二.图算法:(1)度限制最小生成树和第K最短路. (poj1639)(2)最短路,最小生成树,二分图,最大流问题的相关理论(主要是模型建立和求解) (poj3155, poj2112,poj1966,poj3281,poj1087,poj2289,poj3216,poj2446) (3)最优比率生成树. (poj2728)(4)最小树形图(poj3164)(5)次小生成树.(6)无向图、有向图的最小环三.数据结构.(1)trie图的建立和应用. (poj2778)(2)LCA和RMQ问题(LCA(最近公共祖先问题) 有离线算法(并查集+dfs) 和在线算法(RMQ+dfs)).(poj1330)(3)双端队列和它的应用(维护一个单调的队列,常常在动态规划中起到优化状态转移的目的).(poj2823)(4)左偏树(可合并堆).(5)后缀树(非常有用的数据结构,也是赛区考题的热点). (poj3415,poj3294)四.搜索(1)较麻烦的搜索题目训练(poj1069,poj3322,poj1475,poj1924,poj2049,poj3426)(2)广搜的状态优化:利用M进制数存储状态、转化为串用hash表判重、按位压缩存储状态、双向广搜、A*算法. (poj1768,poj1184,poj1872,poj1324,poj2046,poj1482)(3)深搜的优化:尽量用位运算、一定要加剪枝、函数参数尽可能少、层数不易过大、可以考虑双向搜索或者是轮换搜索、IDA*算法.(poj3131,poj2870,poj2286)五.动态规划(1)需要用数据结构优化的动态规划. (poj2754,poj3378,poj3017)(2)四边形不等式理论.(3)较难的状态DP(poj3133)六.数学(1)组合数学.1.MoBius反演(poj2888,poj2154)2.偏序关系理论.(2)博奕论.1.极大极小过程(poj3317,poj1085)2.Nim问题.七.计算几何学.(1)半平面求交(poj3384,poj2540)(2)可视图的建立(poj2966)(3)点集最小圆覆盖.(4)对踵点(poj2079)八.综合题.(poj3109,poj1478,poj1462,poj2729,poj2048,poj3336,poj3315,poj2148,poj1263) 以及补充Dp状态设计与方程总结1.不完全状态记录<1>青蛙过河问题<2>利用区间dp2.背包类问题<1> 0-1背包,经典问题<2>无限背包,经典问题<3>判定性背包问题<4>带附属关系的背包问题<5> + -1背包问题<6>双背包求最优值<7>构造三角形问题<8>带上下界限制的背包问题(012背包)3.线性的动态规划问题<1>积木游戏问题<2>决斗(判定性问题)<3>圆的最大多边形问题<4>统计单词个数问题<5>棋盘分割<6>日程安排问题<7>最小逼近问题(求出两数之比最接近某数/两数之和等于某数等等)<8>方块消除游戏(某区间可以连续消去求最大效益)<9>资源分配问题<10>数字三角形问题<11>漂亮的打印<12>邮局问题与构造答案<13>最高积木问题<14>两段连续和最大<15>2次幂和问题<16>N个数的最大M段子段和<17>交叉最大数问题4.判定性问题的dp(如判定整除、判定可达性等)<1>模K问题的dp<2>特殊的模K问题,求最大(最小)模K的数<3>变换数问题5.单调性优化的动态规划<1>1-SUM问题<2>2-SUM问题<3>序列划分问题(单调队列优化)6.剖分问题(多边形剖分/石子合并/圆的剖分/乘积最大)<1>凸多边形的三角剖分问题<2>乘积最大问题<3>多边形游戏(多边形边上是操作符,顶点有权值)<4>石子合并(N^3/N^2/NLogN各种优化)7.贪心的动态规划<1>最优装载问题<2>部分背包问题<3>乘船问题<4>贪心策略<5>双机调度问题Johnson算法8.状态dp<1>牛仔射击问题(博弈类)<2>哈密顿路径的状态dp<3>两支点天平平衡问题<4>一个有向图的最接近二部图9.树型dp<1>完美服务器问题(每个节点有3种状态)<2>小胖守皇宫问题<3>网络收费问题<4>树中漫游问题<5>树上的博弈<6>树的最大独立集问题<7>树的最大平衡值问题<8>构造树的最小环转一个搞ACM需要的掌握的算法.要注意,ACM的竞赛性强,因此自己应该和自己的实际应用联系起来.适合自己的才是好的,有的人不适合搞算法,喜欢系统架构,因此不要看到别人什么就眼红, 发挥自己的长处,这才是重要的.第一阶段:练经典常用算法,下面的每个算法给我打上十到二十遍,同时自己精简代码,因为太常用,所以要练到写时不用想,10-15分钟内打完,甚至关掉显示器都可以把程序打出来.1.最短路(Floyd、Dijstra,BellmanFord)2.最小生成树(先写个prim,kruscal要用并查集,不好写)3.大数(高精度)加减乘除4.二分查找. (代码可在五行以内)5.叉乘、判线段相交、然后写个凸包.6.BFS、DFS,同时熟练hash表(要熟,要灵活,代码要简)7.数学上的有:辗转相除(两行内),线段交点、多角形面积公式.8. 调用系统的qsort, 技巧很多,慢慢掌握.9. 任意进制间的转换第二阶段:练习复杂一点,但也较常用的算法。
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NOIP信息学竞赛初赛-图论算法基础-专题十一-1
专题十一:图论算法基础对于图论算法,NOIP初赛不要求会实现算法,但手工操作还是要会的,复赛是要求会代码实现的。
什么是图一个图是一个序偶<V, E>,记为G =<V, E> 。
V 为顶点集, E 为V 中结点之间的边的集合。
自环:一条边的两个端点是相同的。
重边:两个端点之间有两条以上的边,称他们是重边。
简单图:没有自环和重边的图。
无向边:边是双向的。
有向边:单向边,有箭头。
无向图:只有无向边的图。
有向图:只有有向边的图。
混合图:既有无向边又有有向边。
顶点的度:无向图中,一个顶点相连的边数称为该顶点的度;有向图中,从一个顶点出发的边数称为该顶点得出度;到达该顶点的边数称为它的入度。
图论基本定理:著名的握手定理。
无向图中结点度数的总和等于边数的两倍。
有向图中结点入度的和等于出度的和等于边数。
通路:给定图G中结点和边交替出现的一个序列:v0 e1 v1 e2 v2 …ek vk,若每条边ei的两端点是vi-1 和vi ,那么称该序列是从v0到vk的一条通路。
基本通路(路径):没有重复出现的结点的通路。
图的连通性:若一张无向图的任意两个结点之间都存在通路,那么称该图是连通的。
连通分量:图中连通的顶点与边的集合。
权和网:在图的边给出相关的数,成为权。
权可以表示一个顶点到另一个顶点的距离,耗费等。
带权图一般成为网。
最短路径:对于一张不带权的无向图来说,从s到t的最短路径就是所有从s到t的通路中长度最短的那一条(可能不唯一),通路上的边数称为路径的长度。
完全图:任何两个顶点之间都有边(弧)相连称为完全图。
稀疏图、稠密图:边(弧)很少的图称为稀疏图,反之为稠密图。
图的存储:邻接矩阵在邻接矩阵表示中,除了存放顶点本身信息外,还用一个矩阵表示各个顶点之间的关系。
若(i,j)∈E(G)或〈i,j〉∈E(G),则矩阵中第i行第j列元素值为1,否则为0 。
例如, 下面为两个无向图和有向图对应的邻接矩阵。
ACM题目分类
(1)串 (poj1035,poj3080,poj1936)
(2)排序(快排、归并排(与逆序数有关)、堆排) (poj2388,poj2299)
(3)简单并查集的应用.
(4)哈希表和二分查找等高效查找法(数的Hash,串的Hash)
(3)点集最小圆覆盖.
(4)对踵点(poj2079)
八.综合题.
(poj3109,poj1478,poj1462,poj2729,poj2048,poj3336,poj3315,poj2148,poj1263)
同时由于个人练习的时候可能有些偏向性,可能上面的总结不是很全,还请大家提出和指正,而且由于ACM的题目中专门针对某个算法的题目可能比较少出现,所以上面的分类中的题有可能有多种解法或者是一些算法的综合,这都不会影响大家做题,希望练习的同学能够认真,扎实地训练,做到真正的理解算法,掌握算法. 同时在论坛上还有许多前辈的分类,总结,大家也可以按自己的情况采用.注意FTP上有很多的资料,希望大家好好地利用.
目的). (poj2823)
(4)左偏树(可合并堆).
(5)后缀树(非常有用的数据结构,也是赛区考题的热点).
(poj3415,poj3294)
四.搜索
(1)较麻烦的搜索题目训练(poj1069,poj3322,poj1475,poj1924,poj2049,poj3426)
(5)杂题.
(poj1870,poj3296,poj3286,poj1095)
七.计算几何学.
(1)坐标离散化.
(2)扫描线算法(例如求矩形的面积和周长并,常和线段树或堆一起使用).
(poj1765,poj1177,poj1151,poj3277,poj2280,poj3004)
POJ 300题训练计划
广搜的状态优化
poj1768,poj1184,poj1872,poj1324,poj2046,poj1482
深搜的优化
poj3131,poj2870,poj2286
动态规划
需要用数据结构优化的动态规划
第6周
数论
poj2635, poj3292,poj1845,poj2115
计算方法
poj3273,poj3258,poj1905,poj3122
计算几何学
几何公式
第2周
叉积和点积的运用
poj2031,poj1039
多边型的简单算法和相关判定
poj1408,poj1584
凸包
poj2187,poj1113
第二阶段中级:
poj2754,poj3378,poj3017
四边形不等式理论、斜率优化
poj1160,poj1180,poj3709
较难的状态DP、插头DP
poj3133,poj1739,poj2411,poj1763
数学
组合数学
第6周
poj2888,poj2154
博奕论
poj3317,poj1085
计算几何学
半平面求交
第3周
poj1699
搜索的技巧和优化
poj3411,poj1724
记忆化搜索
poj3373,poj1691
动态规划
较为复杂的动态规划
第4周
poj1191,poj1054,poj3280,poj2029,poj2948,poj1925,poj3034
记录状态的动态规划
poj3254,poj2411,poj1185
最小生成树(普里姆算法)
最⼩⽣成树(普⾥姆算法):所谓⽣成树,就是n个点之间连成n-1条边的图形。
⽽最⼩⽣成树,就是权值(两点间直线的值)之和的最⼩值。
⾸先,要⽤⼆维数组记录点和权值。
如上图所⽰⽆向图:int map[7][7];map[1][2]=map[2][1]=4;map[1][3]=map[3][1]=2;......然后再求最⼩⽣成树。
具体⽅法是:1.先选取⼀个点作起始点,然后选择它邻近的权值最⼩的点(如果有多个与其相连的相同最⼩权值的点,随便选取⼀个)。
如1作为起点。
visited[1]=1;pos=1;//⽤low[]数组不断刷新最⼩权值,low[i](0<i<=点数)的值为:i点到邻近点(未被标记)的最⼩距离。
low[1]=0; //起始点i到邻近点的最⼩距离为0low[2]=map[pos][2]=4;low[3]=map[pos][3]=2;low[4]==map[pos][4]=3;low[5]=map[pos][5]=MaxInt; //⽆法直达low[6]=map[pos][6]=MaxInt;2.再在伸延的点找与它邻近的两者权值最⼩的点。
//low[]以3作当前位置进⾏更新visited[3]=1;pos=3;low[1]=0; //已标记,不更新low[2]=map[1][2]=4; //⽐5⼩,不更新low[3]=2; //已标记,不更新low[4]=map[1][4]=3; //⽐1⼤,更新后为:low[4]=map[3][4]=1;low[5]=map[1][5]=MaxInt;//⽆法直达,不更新low[6]=map[1][6]=MaxInt;//⽐2⼤,更新后为:low[6]=map[3][6]=2;3.如此类推...当所有点都连同后,结果最⽣成树如上图所⽰。
所有权值相加就是最⼩⽣成树,其值为2+1+2+4+3=12。
⾄于具体代码如何实现,现在结合POJ1258例题解释。
Doug Fleenor Design, Inc. Model D MX8DIM 8通道250Wat
DOUG FLEENOR DESIGN, Inc.Model DMX8DIM Installation andOperations ManualDoug Fleenor Design, Inc.396 Corbett Canyon RoadArroyo Grande, CA 93420(805) 481-9599 Voice and FAXManual revisionDecember 1, 2010Page 1 of 7Product descriptionThe DMX8DIM is an 8 channel, 250 Watt dimmer. It is fed by a single 120VAC 20A branch circuit. Each output is protected by a self-resetting poly-fuse. Each of the dimmers can be separately controlled using a typical DMX512-based lighting controller. The DMX8DIM is housed in a standard NEMA1 electrical enclosure. Knockouts are provided on the top and bottom of the enclosure for easy installation. Cables may enter the sides of the enclosure by using standard chassis punches.Safety warnings•The DMX8DIM should only be installed by qualified personnel in accordance with local electrical codes.•There are no user serviceable parts in the DMX8DIM. Servicing should be referred to qualified service personnel.•Do not operate the DMX8DIM without the cover installed.•Turn off all power to the DMX8DIM before installing. Do not attempt to wire or install any part of the DMX8DIM with the power on.EnvironmentalOperating temperature: 0-40º COperating humidity: 10-90% non-condensingIndoor use onlyElectrical ratingsInput: 120VAC, 60Hz, 20AOutput: 8 outputs, 120VAC, 250W each. Self-resetting protection on each output. CertificationThe DMX8DIM is ETL Listed under safety Standard UL 508.MountingThe DMX8DIM can be mounted on any stable surface in compliance with local electrical codes. To mount the DMX8DIM:•Remove the cover by loosening the front panel screws•Select the desired mounting location•Locate the mounting holes using the DMX8DIM as a guide•Secure the DMX8DIM to the surface using appropriate fasteners•After all wiring is complete and switches have been configured (see below), install the cover and secure it in place.General installation notes•If enclosure knock-outs are used or if holes are punched in the enclosure for wire entries, the holes must have appropriate bushings or conduit fittings installed toprotect the wires from cuts and abrasion.Page 2 of 7Page 3 of 7•Safety grounding must be maintained through this product. Metallic conduit maybe used for grounding if it is appropriately bonded to the enclosure. The ground terminal on the line input and all output terminals may be used for groundingconductors. All such terminals are internally bonded to the enclosure.Power input (line) wiringSupply the DMX8DIM with a protected branch circuit of no more than 20A. The power input terminals on the DMX8DIM are rated for #12AWG copper wire (maximum). The torque rating for the terminals is 4.51 IN/LB.Input power wiring must enter the enclosure and route directly to the input power terminals without crossing over the circuit board or any control wiring.Power output (load) wiringEach output can supply a 250W (maximum) 120VAC load. The output terminals are rated for #12AWG copper wire (maximum). The torque rating for the terminals is 4.51IN/LB.Load wiring must enter the enclosure and route directly to the input power terminalswithout crossing over the circuit board or any control wiring.Line input terminalLoad terminal (1 of 8 shown)Page 4 of 7Control cable wiringControl cabling must enter the enclosure and route directly to the control input terminals. The installer must secure low voltage control cabling such that it can not come in contact with high voltage line or load wiring.The DMX512 control signal is connected to the DMX IN terminal block. A cableappropriate for use with DMX512 must be used. Examples include Belden 9829, Belden 9729, or their equals by other manufacturers.The shield of the cable is connected to the DMX IN “C” terminal. The first twisted pair of wire is to be connected to the DMX IN “ -“ and “+” terminals. If a second twisted pair is present in the control cable, it should NOT be connected. The spare pair should either be trimmed back or secured such that it can not come in contact with any other parts of the DMX8DIMThe DMX THRU terminal block has been provided if the DMX512 signal is to be run to other devices. If the DMX THRU terminals block is to be used, remove and discard the 120 ohm resistor. Land the cable on the DMX THRU terminals in the same fashion as described for the incoming DMX512 cable. The cable connected to the DMX THRU terminal block must only enter the enclosure in the areas shown below. The installer must secure low voltage control cabling such that it can not come in contact with highvoltage line or load wiring.Control cable terminal blockPage 5 of 7Setting the address switchesThe ADDRESS switches are used to select the DMX512 starting address for the DMX8DIM. Each switch represents a value as marked on the circuit board. Theaddress switches should be turned on in a combination whose totals equals the desired DMX512 starting address. For example, if the desired starting address is 25, the switches representing the values 16, 8, and 1 should be turned on. The rest of the address switches should be off. The photo below shows this setting.The starting address can be set to any value from 1 to 511. The starting addressrepresents the address to be used for output 1 of the DMX8DIM. The second output will respond to the next DMX512 slot, etc.Setting all of the address switches to off is the same as having switch 1 on (address 1).Page 6 of 7Setting the non-dim mode switchesThe NON-DIM switches are used to select the behavior of each output. When theNON-DIM switch for the associated output is off, the dimmer will have full range dimming control from zero to full intensity.When a NON-DIM switch is on, the associated output can only be either on or off. There will be no dimming action. The output will turn on full when the associatedDMX512 input channel is raised above 1%. It will turn off when the DMX512 channel is brought below 0.5%.Local controlLocal control mode is used to turn on selected outputs without the use of a DMX512signal source. To enable local control, turn on the local control switch as shown below.While in local control, the NON-DIM switches are used to turn individual outputs on or off. NON-DIM switch 1 turns output 1 on or off, NON-DIM switch 2 controls output 2,etc.LED indicatorThe bi-color LED indicates the current state of the DMX8DIM as follows:WarrantyProducts manufactured by Doug Fleenor Design carry a five year parts and labor warranty against manufacturing defects. It is the customer's responsibility to return the product to Doug Fleenor Design (at the customer's expense). Doug Fleenor Design will repair the unit and return it to the customer (at Doug Fleenor Design's expense). If a trip is necessary to the customer's site to solve a problem, the expenses of the trip must be paid by the customer.1. Note that this warranty is against Manufacturing Defects. It does not include damage due to misuse or abuse. Most non-warranty repairs are made for a fixed $30.00 fee.Page 7 of 7。
TL_52682_Englisch
PA66, Glass Fiber-Reinforced, for Finished Parts Carrying Coolant Material RequirementsPrevious issues TL 52682: 2009-08ChangesThe following changes have been made as compared to TL 52682: 2009-08:–Section 6.11 "Static long-term test" expanded ScopeThis Technical Supply Specification (TL) defines the material requirements for glass fiber-reinforced PA66 used in components carrying coolant. TL 52062 applies to components made of PA66-GF30that do not come in contact with coolant.DescriptionDescription example for a cooling water pipe made of PA66-GF30:PA66-GF30 acc. to TL 52682, blackRequirements General requirementsApproval of first supply and changes acc. to Volkswagen standard VW 01155.Emission behavior according to VW 50180.Avoidance of hazardous substances according to VW 91101.123 3.1Group StandardTL 52682Issue 2010-03Class. No.:55121Descriptors:PA66, polyamide 66, glass fiber-reinforced, reservoir, coolant pipe, thermostat housingCheck standard for current issue prior to usage.This electronically generated standard is authentic and valid without signature.The English translation is believed to be accurate. In case of discrepancies the German version shall govern.Numerical notation acc. to ISO practice.Page 1 of 8Technical responsibility Standards Department GQL-LP/4Dr. Lars Fölster Tel.: +49-5361-9-122549GQL-LPDr. Roger HillertEKDV/4 Ute Hager-SüßEKDVTel.: +49-5361-9-49035Manfred TerlindenConfidential. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be transmitted or reproduced without prior permission of a Standards Department of the Volkswagen Group.Parties to a contract can only obtain this standard via the B2B supplier platform .© Volkswagen AktiengesellschaftVWNORM-2010-08dThe tests must be carried out on finished part specimens.Approx. 24 parts are required for complete testing.AppearanceThe surface and inside of the finished parts must be free of flaws and processing defects (voids,cracks, joining seams, etc.) that have a negative effect on strength, service life, and required ap‐pearance.Sink marks at the base of ribs, reinforcements, and pipe unions are only permissible if they do not adversely affect the assembly and function of the parts. The parts must permit proper assembly.The distribution of the glass fibers throughout the material must be sufficiently uniform so that three specimens taken from different points on a finished part do not differ in glass fiber content by more than 1,0%.ManufactureInjection molding or related process (water injection technology)ConditioningPrior to testing, the specimens must be conditioned in the ISO 554-23/50 standard climate for at least 48 h.Evaluation of measurement resultsThe required numerical values apply to each individual measurement.Marking according to VDA 260> PA66-GF30 <Material requirements MaterialSee Section 6.1.Polyamide 66, glass fiber-reinforced, heat-stabilized, hydrolysis-resistant Glass fiber content acc. to DIN EN ISO 1172The glass fiber content is determined gravimetrically and must be (30 ± 2) weight percent.Moisture content in as-received condition (drying until constant weight is reached at 100 °C)The moisture content in the as-received condition at the installation location must be (1,0 to 3,0)weight percent.The moisture content is determined by means of weighing before and after drying. Constant weight is reached once the weight of the specimen deviates less than 0,2% from the previous weight after a drying cycle.3.23.33.43.53.64 4.14.24.3Page 2TL 52682: 2010-03Required propertiesSee Table 1.Table 15 Page 3TL 52682: 2010-03a)The requirements apply to new-sample and first-sample deliveries (basic material suitability test). The purchaser reserves the right to use these for the evaluation of series production deliveries as well.Notes on testing MaterialThe identity test can be performed by infrared spectroscopy.Ball indentation hardnessMeasurements must be performed on at least three (20 × 20) mm specimens (2 measurements per specimen). On specimens that have been taken from molded parts with one-sided graining or paint finish, the grain or paint must be removed using a surface grinding machine. The flat surface created this way serves as the resting surface. The measurements are taken on the untreated back of the specimen.Flexural strengthDetermination of flexural stress at maximum load according to DIN EN ISO 178; except that the specimen deviates as follows: length: (50 ± 1) mm; width: (6 ± 0,2) mm; thickness according to product thickness (up to a maximum of 4 mm); support separation: 40 mm; test rate: 14 mm/min.Specimens taken from molded parts with one-sided graining or paint must be placed on the test machine support in such a way that the grained or painted side faces the pressure fin.Impact strengthImpact strength testing according to DIN EN ISO 179-1; except that the specimen deviates as follows:length: (50 ± 1) mm; width: (6 ± 0,2) mm; thickness according to product thickness (up to max. 4 mm);support separation (support width): 40 mm; test equipment: 4 J pendulum impact tester.Specimens taken from molded parts with one-sided graining or paint must be placed on the supports of the pendulum impact tester in such a way that the grained or painted side faces the direction of impact.6 6.16.26.36.4Page 4TL 52682: 2010-03Notched impact strengthNotched impact strength test (broadside impact) according to DIN EN ISO 179-1; except that the specimen deviates as follows: length: (50 ± 1) mm; width: (6 ± 0,2) mm; thickness according to product thickness (up to max. 4 mm); support separation (support width): 40 mm; test equipment: 4 J pen‐dulum impact tester.A 0,8 mm-wide U-shaped notch is made on the broad side of the specimens. The notch depth is 1/3of the specimen thickness. The edges outlining the notch root must have a curvature radius of <0,1 mm.Specimens taken from molded parts with one-sided graining or paint are notched on the grained or painted side.Low-temperature behaviorA minimum of 2 finished parts are aged at (-40 ± 1) °C; aging period: (22 ± 2) h.WorkmanshipA minimum of 3 whole finished parts are aged in coolant according to TL 774 without adding water.The type currently used for the factory filling must be used. Aging is performed for 48 h at an aging temperature of: (135 ± 1) °C.Aging must be performed in a covered container filled with the test medium and equipped with tem‐perature control (e.g., Lauda Ultra thermostat, U12 model, manufactured by Messgerätewerk, Dr.Wobser KG). The DUTs must be heated to 135 °C together with the test fluid. After coolant aging,the DUTs must be rinsed with tap water and then dried for 3 h at 70 °C. They are then evaluated.LightfastnessTesting according to PV 1303. If the number of exposure periods is not defined in the drawing, the following rule applies:3 periods of exposure for components in areas with indirect sun radiation.5 periods of exposure for components in areas with direct sun radiation (e.g., door waist rail).10 periods of exposure for components in areas subject to maximum sun radiation (e.g., rear shelf).Leak tightness testComponent leakage is not permissible.The following procedures may be used for the leak tightness test:VacuumThe following parameters apply to the vacuum test:Test medium:AirTest temperature:(23 ± 5) °CTest pressure:0,03 bar absolute Hold time after reaching the test pressure: 5 sCriterion for leak tightness:0,001 bar maximum pressure rise within the hold time6.5 6.66.76.86.96.9.1Page 5TL 52682: 2010-03OverpressureThe following parameters apply to the overpressure test:Test medium:AirTest temperature:(23 ± 5) °CTest pressure:2,5 bar overpressure, unless otherwise specified in the drawingHold time after reaching the test pressure: 5 s Criterion for leak tightness:No air bubbles rising to the surface when the pressurizedcomponent is submerged in water for at least 5 s.Resistance to coolantIn order to determine hydrolysis stability, injection-molded test specimens (1A, DIN EN ISO 527-2)are aged for 500 h and 1 000 h at (135 ± 2) °C in a coolant (in acc. with TL 774)/water mixture (coolant/water - 50:50) inside a suitable autoclave.Following the aging processes, flexural strength is determined, according to DIN EN ISO 178, at room temperature with the undried specimens after 1 hour.The flexural strength acc. to DIN EN ISO 178 remaining after aging for 1 000 h at 135 °C must be ≥ 80 N/mm 2.Pressure pulse testThe components (number of test parts = 8) are integrated into a test bed pressure circuit and sealed with series production quick connectors.Test conditions:Test medium: 100% of current coolant additive acc. to TL 774Test medium temperature: (135 - 5) °C (component incident flow temperature)Test chamber temperature: (85 + 5) °C Pressure pulse frequency: (1,0 ± 0,5) HzPressure pulse range: 0,1 bar overpressure to 2,4 bar overpressure, (1,25 ± 1,15) bar overpressure Test duration: Stop after 250 000 load cycles or if there are any leaks/through-cracksMean value formula:(1)Standard deviation formula:(2)Requirement: see Table 1, consec. no. 14.6.9.2 6.106.11Page 6TL 52682: 2010-03Static long-term testThe components (number of test parts = 4) must be filled with test medium and must be deaerated.The fittings must be hermetically sealed with plugs and series production clips. The DUTs may be subjected to flow if this is necessary to ensure a constant temperature. The maximum flow rate per DUT must be agreed with the responsible department prior to starting the test and must be docu‐mented using examples.An erosion within the DUT caused by flow is "not permitted".Test medium: Current coolant additive acc. to TL 774: water = 60:40Test chamber temperature: (135 - 5) °C Internal test pressure: 2 bar overpressure Sequence:Heating cycle: Heat the pressurized components to 135 °C, cool them down to room temperature for 170 h, then age them for 1 h at room temperature and replace the used test medium by new one,heat the components to 135 °C, check leak tightness.Repeat heating cycle until the component has been loaded for a total of 1 500 h.Afterwards, determine residual loading capacity acc. to the pressure pulse test in Section 6.11, but with the following deviating specifications:Test duration: Stop after 60 000 load cycles or if there are any leaks/through-cracks Requirement: see Table 1, consec. no. 15.Referenced documentsThe following documents cited in this standard are necessary for application.In this Section terminological inconsistencies may occur as the original titles are used.Standards with the titles given in German are either only available in German or may be procured in other languages from the institution issuing the standard.PV 1303Non-Metallic Materials; Exposure Test of Passenger Compartment Com‐ponentsTL 52062PA66, Glass Fiber Reinforced, for Finished Parts; Material Requirements TL 774Ethylene Glycol-Based Coolant Additive; Material Requirements VW 01155Vehicle Supply Parts; Approval of First Supply and Changes VW 50180Components in Passenger Compartment; Emission Behavior VW 50185Vehicle Parts; Resistance to Open-Air WeatheringVW 91101Environmental Standard for Vehicles; Vehicle Parts, Materials, Operating Fluids; Avoidance of Hazardous SubstancesDIN 53497Testing of Plastics; Hot Storage Test on Mouldings Made of Thermoplastic Moulding Materials without External Mechanical StressingDIN EN 20105-A02Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour6.12 7Page 7TL 52682: 2010-03Page 8TL 52682: 2010-03DIN EN ISO 1172Textile-glass-reinforced plastics - Prepregs, moulding compounds andlaminates - Determination of the textile-glass and mineral-filler content;calcination methodsDIN EN ISO 1183-1Plastics - Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics - Part1: Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method DIN EN ISO 178Plastics - Determination of flexural propertiesDIN EN ISO 179-1Plastics - Determination of Charpy impact properties - Part 1: Non-instru‐mented impact testDIN EN ISO 2039-1Plastics - Determination of hardness - Part 1: Ball indentation method DIN EN ISO 527-2Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 2: Test conditions formoulding and extrusion plasticsISO 11357-3Plastics - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) - Part 3: Determinationof temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallizationISO 554Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing; Specifications VDA 260Components of motor vehicles; marking of material。
坡莫合金1j85
1J85
化学成分
Chemical
Composition
Wt.%
磷,最大(P)0.020
硫,最大(S)0.020
镍(Ni)-79.0-81.0
钼(Mo)4.8-5.2
铜, 最大 (Cu).....0.20
碳, 最大 (C)0.03
锰(Mn)0.30-0.60
硅(Si)0.15-0.30
铁(Fe)剩余
铁镍合金一种在弱磁场中具有高磁导率和低矫顽力的低频软磁材料。早期铁镍合金用于电话通信,其后采用一种热处理工艺和真空冶炼的方法使合金特性得到较大的提高。含Ni78%的铁镍合金在弱磁场中的磁导率比硅钢高约10~20倍,普遍用于灵敏继电器、磁屏蔽、电话和无线电变压器、精密的交流和直流仪表、电流互感器(见互感器)中。在铁镍合金中加入钼、锰、钴、铜、铬等元素,可得具有更大初始磁导率μi和最大磁导率μm的三元、四元铁镍合金。
物理性能physicalconstants密度densitygcm?875densitygcm?熔点meltingrange13951425主要执行标准半圆丝线材带材冷轧板热轧板锻棒热轧棒管材无缝管gbt150181994在常温下合金的机械性能的最小值合金和状态抗拉强度rmnmm2屈服强度rp02nmm2延伸率a5布氏硬度hb退火56035205我公司主营以下特种镍基合金
Байду номын сангаас屈服强度 RP0.2N/mm2
延伸率A5 %
布氏硬度 HB
退火
≥560
-
≥35
≥205
我公司主营以下特种镍基合金:
耐腐蚀合金Incoloy800、Inconelx750、Inconel600、Inconel625、蒙乃尔合金、哈氏合金
ICPC介绍
合肥工业大学 计算机与信息学院
10
合肥工业大学 计算机与信息学院
11
ACM-ICPC比赛形式 比赛形式
组队参赛的形式,由三名队员组成一支队伍参赛。 组队参赛的形式,由三名队员组成一支队伍参赛。比赛 时三名队员只使用一台电脑
比赛时间为5个小时。比赛题目为8~12道不等, 比赛时间为5个小时。比赛题目为8~12道不等,全英文 8~12道不等 可以带纸质资料。 可以带纸质资料。 选手们必须根据题目内容设计算法, 选手们必须根据题目内容设计算法,并完成相应的功能 要求,要么全对,要么不对, 要求,要么全对,要么不对,没有中间结果
合肥工业大学 计算机与信息学院
26
内容提要
一、ICPC介绍 介绍 二、ICPC队员选拔和培训机制 队员选拔和培训机制 三、ACMer基础知识 基础知识
合肥工业大学 计算机与信息学院
27
ACMer ——基本算法
(1)枚举. (poj1753,poj2965) (2)贪心(poj1328,poj2109,poj2586) (3)递归和分治法. (4)递推. (5)构造法.(poj3295)
7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
参赛 1000 学 校 数
0 参 赛队 数
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
合肥工业大学 计算机与信息学院
合肥工业大学 计算机与信息学院
29
ACMer —— 数据结构
(1)串 (poj1035,poj3080,poj1936) (2)排序 (poj2388,poj2299) (3)简单并查集的应用. (4)哈夫曼树(poj3253) (5)堆 (6)线段树
POJ题目分类
POJ题目分类初期:一.基本算法:(1)枚举. (poj1753,poj2965)(2)贪心(poj1328,poj2109,poj2586)(3)递归和分治法(poj1164, poj1941, poj2282, poj2299, poj3232,, poj3233, poj1064, poj 2255).(4)递推((poj1644, poj2229, poj2231, poj1405,poj 1189).(5)构造法.(poj3295, poj1831,poj3239)(6)模拟法.(poj1068,poj2632,poj1573,poj2993,poj2996, poj1255, poj1009)二.图算法:(1)图的深度优先遍历和广度优先遍历(poj1426, poj3126,poj2251, poj2243, (poj3352, poj1111, poj3051), poj 1129, poj2907).(2)最短路径算法(dijkstra,bellman-ford,floyd,heap+dijkstra)(poj1860,poj3259,poj1062,poj2253,poj1125,poj2240)(3)最小生成树算法(prim,kruskal)(poj1789,poj2485,poj1258,poj3026)(4)拓扑排序(poj1094)三.数据结构.(1)串(poj1035,(poj3080),poj1936)(2)排序(快排、归并排(与逆序数有关)、堆排) (poj2388,poj2299)(3)简单并查集的应用(poj1703, poj1988, poj2524, poj2492).(4)哈希表和二分查找等高效查找法(数的Hash,串的Hash)(poj3349,poj3274,(POJ2151,poj1840),poj2002,poj2503)(5)哈夫曼树(poj3253)(6)堆(poj 2442)(7)trie树(静态建树、动态建树) (poj2513)四.简单搜索(1)深度优先搜索(poj2488,poj3083,poj3009,poj1321,poj2251)(2)广度优先搜索(poj3278,poj1426,poj3126,poj3087.poj3414)(3)简单搜索技巧和剪枝(poj2531,poj1416,poj2676,1129)五.动态规划(1)背包问题. (poj1837,poj1276)(2)型如下表的简单DP(可参考lrj的书page149):1.E[j]=opt{D+w(i,j)} (poj3267,poj1836,poj1260,poj2533)2.E[i,j]=opt{D[i-1,j]+xi,D[i,j-1]+yj,D[i-1][j-1]+zij} (最长公共子序列)(poj3176,poj1080,poj1159)3.C[i,j]=w[i,j]+opt{C[i,k-1]+C[k,j]}.(最优二分检索树问题)六.数学(1)组合数学:1.加法原理和乘法原理.2.排列组合(poj1809).3.递推关系.(POJ3252,poj1850,poj1019,poj1942)(2)数论.1.素数与整除问题(poj3048, poj2689)2.进制位( poj2798)3.同余模运算.(poj2635, poj3292,poj1845,poj2115)(3)计算方法.1.二分法求解单调函数相关知识.(poj3273,poj3258,poj1905,poj3122)七.计算几何学.(1)几何公式(poj1265, poj1423).(2)叉积和点积的运用(如线段相交的判定,点到线段的距离等). (poj2031,poj1039)(3)多边型的简单算法(求面积)和相关判定(点在多边型内,多边型是否相交)(poj1408,poj1584)(4)凸包(poj2187,poj1113)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------//寒假中级:一.基本算法:(1)C++的标准模版库的应用. (poj3096,poj3007)(2)较为复杂的模拟题的训练(poj3393,poj1472,poj3371,poj1027,poj2706,poj3434)二.图算法:(1)差分约束系统的建立和求解. (poj1201,poj2983)(2)最小费用最大流(poj2516,poj2195)(3)双连通分量(poj2942)(4)强连通分支及其缩点.(poj2186)(5)图的割边和割点(poj3352)(6)最小割模型、网络流规约(poj3308, )(7)二分图的最大匹配(匈牙利算法) (poj3041,poj3020)(8)最大流的增广路算法(KM算法). (poj1459,poj3436)三.数据结构.(1)线段树. (poj2528,poj2828,poj2777,poj2886,poj2750, poj3667)(2)静态二叉检索树. (poj2482,poj2352)(3)树状树组(poj1195,poj3321)(4)RMQ. (poj3264,poj3368)(5)并查集的高级应用. (poj2492, poj1182)(6)KMP算法. (poj1961,poj2406)四.搜索看论文(1)最优化剪枝和可行性剪枝(poj1011)(2)搜索的技巧和优化(poj3411,poj1724)(3)记忆化搜索(poj3373,poj1691)五.动态规划看书看论文(1)较为复杂的动态规划(如动态规划解特别的施行商问题等)(poj1191,poj1054,poj3280,poj2029,poj2948,poj1925,poj3034)(2)记录状态的动态规划. (POJ3254,poj2411,poj1185)(3)树型动态规划(poj2057,poj1947,poj2486,poj3140)六.数学(1)组合数学:1.容斥原理(poj1091, poj3695).2.抽屉原理(poj3379, poj3370).3.置换群与Polya定理(poj1286,poj2409,poj3270,poj1026).4.递推关系和母函数(poj2407, poj2480).(2)数学.1.高斯消元法(poj2947,poj1487, poj2065,poj1166,poj1222)2.概率问题. (poj3071,poj3440)3.GCD、扩展的欧几里德(中国剩余定理) (poj3101)(3)计算方法.1.0/1分数规划. (poj2976)2.三分法求解单峰(单谷)的极值(poj 3301, poj 3304).3.矩阵法(poj3150,poj3422,poj3070)4.迭代逼近(poj3301)(4)随机化算法(poj3318,poj2454)(5)杂题.(poj1870,poj3296,poj3286,poj1095)七.计算几何学.(1)坐标离散化.(2)扫描线算法(例如求矩形的面积和周长并,常和线段树或堆一起使用).(poj1765,poj1177,poj1151,poj3277,poj2280,poj3004)(3)多边形的内核(半平面交)(poj3130,poj3335)(4)几何工具的综合应用.(poj1819,poj1066,poj2043,poj3227,poj2165,poj3429)高级:一.基本算法要求:(1)代码快速写成,精简但不失风格(poj2525,poj1684,poj1421,poj1048,poj2050,poj3306)二.图算法:(1)度限制最小生成树和第K最短路. (poj1639)(2)最短路,最小生成树,二分图,最大流问题的相关理论(主要是模型建立和求解)(poj3155, poj2112,poj1966,poj3281,poj1087,poj2289,poj3216,poj2446(3)最优比率生成树. (poj2728)(4)最小树形图(poj3164)(5)次小生成树(poj 1679).(6)无向图、有向图的最小环(poj 1734)三.数据结构.(1)trie图的建立和应用. (poj2778)(2)LCA和RMQ问题(LCA(最近公共祖先问题) 有离线算法(并查集+dfs) 和在线算法(RMQ+dfs)).(poj1330)(3)双端队列和它的应用(维护一个单调的队列,常常在动态规划中起到优化状态转移的目的). (poj2823)(4)左偏树(可合并堆)(poj3016,zoj2334).(5)后缀树(非常有用的数据结构,也是赛区考题的热点).(poj3415,poj3294)四.搜索(1)较麻烦的搜索题目训练(poj1069,poj3322,poj1475,poj1924,poj2049,poj3426)(2)广搜的状态优化:利用M进制数存储状态、转化为串用hash表判重、按位压缩存储状态、双向广搜、A*算法. (poj1768,poj1184,poj1872,poj1324,poj2046,poj1482)(3)深搜的优化:尽量用位运算、一定要加剪枝、函数参数尽可能少、层数不易过大、可以考虑双向搜索或者是轮换搜索、IDA*算法. (poj3131,poj2870,poj2286)五.动态规划(1)需要用数据结构优化的动态规划.(poj2754,poj3378,poj3017)(2)四边形不等式理论.(3)较难的状态DP(poj3133)六.数学(1)组合数学.1.MoBius反演(poj2888,poj2154)2.偏序关系理论(poj3636).(2)博奕论.1.极大极小过程(poj3317,poj1085)2.Nim问题(poj2068,poj1021).七.计算几何学.(1)半平面求交(poj3384,poj2540)(2)可视图的建立(poj2966)(3)点集最小圆覆盖(poj2069).(4)对踵点(poj2079)八.综合题.(poj3109,poj1478,poj1462,poj2729,poj2048,poj3336,poj3315,poj2148,poj1263)。
giorno125参数
giorno125参数1.简介本文档将介绍"g io rn o125参数"的相关内容。
g io rn o125参数是指用于描述某个特定系统的参数集合。
2.参数列表下面是g io rn o125参数的列表:2.1参数1参数1是用于控制系统中某个特定功能的参数。
它的取值范围为[X,Y],默认值为Z。
2.2参数2参数2是用于调整系统性能的参数。
它的取值范围为[A,B],默认值为C。
2.3参数3参数3是控制系统行为的重要参数。
它的取值范围为[M,N],默认值为P。
3.参数详解下面将对每个参数进行详细解释。
3.1参数1参数1用于控制系统中某个特定功能,它的取值范围为[X,Y]。
当参数1设置为X时,系统将以一种方式运行;当参数1设置为Y时,系统将以另一种方式运行。
用户可以根据需要灵活调整参数1,以满足特定的系统需求。
3.2参数2参数2可以调整系统的性能。
该参数的取值范围为[A,B],其中A表示性能较低,B表示性能较高。
当参数2设置为A时,系统将在性能方面进行一些优化,适用于资源有限的环境;当参数2设置为B时,系统将提供更高的性能,适用于需要更高处理能力的场景。
3.3参数3参数3对系统行为起到重要的控制作用。
它的取值范围为[M,N],其中M表示某种行为,N表示另一种行为。
用户可以根据具体需求调整参数3,以使系统在特定场景下表现出相应的行为。
4.使用方法在系统中使用gi or no125参数,可以按照以下步骤进行:1.在系统配置中找到参数设置。
2.根据需要调整参数的值。
3.保存配置并重新启动系统。
5.注意事项在使用g io rn o125参数时,需要注意以下事项:-参数设置可能会对系统的稳定性产生影响,请谨慎调整参数值。
-确保参数值在允许的范围内,并避免设置超出范围的值。
-若对参数含义或使用方法有疑问,建议查阅相关文档或咨询相关技术人员。
6.总结本文对g io rn o125参数进行了介绍,包括参数列表、参数详解、使用方法和注意事项等内容。
Channel Vision A0125 音频系统多来源音量控制按键盘说明书
A0125Multi-Source Volume Control Keypad82control when in multi-mode.IR Window ...Receives signals from IR remotecontrols.... Features:!Compatible with P-2014 and P-2044!Supports IR control: compatible with the A0501, A0502, and A0505 remote controls!LEDs show volume level or source selection!Works at CAT5 lengths up to 300 feetThe A0125 is a volume control keypad for Channel Vision’s single-source and multi-source CAT5 audio systems. It provides convenient volume control and source selection capabilities, while its elegant decoratorstyling blends seamlessly with other wall switch devices.3!These four LEDs illuminate to indicatewhich source input is selected.!How it WorksBasic OperationThe A0125 can be used in two different modes: 1) single source mode, 2) multi-source mode. Mode selection is controlled by a jumper setting prior to installation. When using the A0125 with a single-source CAT5 audio hub, it should be set for the single-source mode. In this mode, the unit provides basic controls: volume up, volume down, and power on/off. When using it with a multi-source CAT5 audio matrix, it should be set for multi-source mode. In this mode, any zone can independently select and listen to any source at any time. Source selection can be done either from the A0125 amplified keypad or by using the A0501, A0502, or A0505 remote control.Using the A0125 Volume Control Keypad...The Pwr (power) button located at the lower left of the keypad is used for source selection and to turn the unit on or off. When in single-source mode, press and release the Pwr button to toggle the keypad on or off. When in multi-source mode, if the keypad is off, press and release Pwr to turn it on. Press Pwr again to see the current source selection and press repeatedly to scroll through the 4 sources. Press and hold the power button to turn the keypad off. While the keypad is off, press and hold the power button again to turn off the zone output of the P-2044.As you change sources when in multi-mode, you’ll notice that the top 4 LEDs illuminate corresponding to the source you have selected. When source one is selected, the first LED is illuminated, when source two is selected, the second LED is illuminated, and so on.When the A0125’s Intercom jumper is set to the INTERCOM position, the keypad will react to intercom events by flashing the Pwr LED and changing the volume level to the preset intercom volume level. For more details see the section titled: Jumper Settings.volume level.Jumper SettingsJumper settings determine how the A0125 will react under variouscircumstances. These jumpers should be set to the desired configuration before the A0125 is installed. If you need to make changes to the jumper settings, the A0125 MUST BE DISCONNECTED from the system first. This jumper determines the volume level the keypad will be for music (no affect on the Intercom audio level) when it is turned on. If the jumper is on pins 1 & 2, the volume will always be set at the default level when the A0125 is turned on. If the jumper is on pins 2 & 3, the volume will be at the same level as it was before the A0125 was turned off.This jumper is not active at this time on the A0125. This jumper determines if the A0125 will be used as a multi-source keypad or a single-source keypad. If you are using thekeypad in a single source system, set the jumper on pins 1 & 2. If you are using the keypad in a multi-source system, set the jumper on pins 2 & 3. Intercom - This jumper tells the keypad that it is connected to a hub with integrated intercom functions. When in intercom mode, an intercom event will cause the pwr LED to flash and the volume will change to its alternate intercom volume level. While the pwr LED is flashing, volume changes on the A0125 will alter the intercom volume level, which is independent of the audio volume level.Jumper setting functions explained:Volume Preset - Status Active - Source Mode -Installation5A0125 (Rear View)Input Connectors ... To simplify installation, theA0125 has both 110 and RJ-45 inputs. Only oneof the inputs should be used at a time.Output Connector ... This 5 position screwterminal is used to connect line level audio out tothe A0302 where it can be delivered to the A0240for amplification. The Ground (G) and Power (PR)terminals can be used to accept power from theA0240 via the A0302. These terminals should onlybe used if the A0125 is not connected to one ofChannel Vision’s CAT5 audio hubs.A024040Watt Amplifier A01256Single-Source SystemWhen using the A0125 with a single-source CAT5 audio hub, the source mode jumper should be set for single-source. In this mode, the source selection features are not available. Pressing the Pwr button will turn off the keypad, but other keypads will continue to play.7Multi-Source ApplicationWhen using the A0125 in a multi-source system with the P-2044, thesource mode jumper should be set for multi-source. In this mode, thesource selection features are enabled allowing any zone to independentlyselect and listen to any source at any time.Using the A0505 Remote ControlUsing the A0505 remote control...The A0505 is designed to allow you to control your P-2044 without having to touch the buttons on the A0125. Simply point the A0505 remote control at the IR sensor located at the bottom of the A0125 and press the desired button.Using the A0505 remote with iBus...Your iPod’s shuttle controls can be operatedfrom the A0505 when it is docked in acompatible iBus wall station.- Controls volumeCreating Sub-ZonesThe single-source CAT5 audio hub (model P-2014) can be integrated together with the multi-source CAT5 audio matrix (model P-2044). The keypads connected to the P-2014 will act as sub-zones to the P-2044. These sub-zones will all play the same audio which is perfect for common areas such as hallways, bathrooms, kitchen, or dinning room. For this kind of1) Be sure you have connected the CAT5 cable correctly. Follow the TIA-568A standard at both ends. Mis-wiring can cause distorted sound or prevent the system from working at all!2) Be sure you have connected the speakers in phase. Follow the label on the product. Out of phase speakers can rob the system of its bass, especially when driving dual-voice-coil speakers.3) Trouble with IR control?a. Make sure you are using the correct remote control. The A0125 will respond to IR signals from the A0501, A0502, and A0505 remotes produced by Channel Vision. These remotes can provide both volume control and source selection commands. Other 3rd party remote controls that are capable of learning the IR codes from the remote controls listed above can also be used.b. The top LED on the A0125 acts as an IR receiver feedback LED that flashes whenever IR signals are received. Check to make sure the LED flashes whenever you press buttons on your remote control. If you don’t see the feedback LED, try replacing the batteries in your remote control.c. Try adjusting the placement of your IR emitters. If they are placed directly over the sensor on the device you are trying to control, try moving them a short distance away from the sensor.4) If no audio is heard, check to make sure that the audio source is playing, then press the power button on the A0125 to make sure it is turned on.a. There may be something wrong with the CAT5 audio hub. Some Channel Vision audio hubs provide LED indicators to show which zones are connected and active. Review these LEDs and refer to the instruction manual for your specific audio hub.5) Observe wiring distance specifications. The maximum recommended wire length between the audio hub output and A0125 is 300 feet. Although the A0125 can work at greater distances, such extremedistances are not recommended because degraded performance may result due to signal loss caused by longer CAT5 wire runs.6) If you need additional help troubleshooting the A0125 please contact Channel Vision technical support (1-800-840-0288) or check our website for more details: .Connection Tips and Troubleshooting1011Stripping and Connecting CAT5 Wire1. Place the CAT5 between the blade and the first notch of the J-110 tool.CAT5 cable should be stripped with a proper stripping tool, such as Channel Vision’s J-110 tool.2. Rotate the tool only once. Multipleturns will cause you to cut into theinner wires.3.TIA-568A RJ-45 Modular PlugSide view:Top view:Specifications: (typical @25º C)Operating Voltage : 18VDCCable requirements:CAT5 or betterMax wire length:300 ft.IR repeating:30-60kHzIR sensor range:40’@40kHz, 25’@56kHzOperating Temperature:-10ºC to +50ºCSpecifications subject to change without notice.Channel Vision Technology will repair or replace any defect in material or workmanship which occurs during normal use of this product with new or rebuilt parts, free of charge in the USA, for two years from the date of original purchase. This is a no hassle warranty with no mail in warranty card needed. This warranty does not cover damages in shipment, failures caused by other products not supplied by Channel Vision Technology, or failures due to accident, misuse, abuse, or alteration of the equipment. This warranty is extended only to the original purchaser, and a purchase receipt, invoice, or other proof of original purchase date will be required before warranty repairs are provided.Mail in service can be obtained during the warranty period by calling (800) 840-0288 toll free. A Return Authorization number must be obtained in advance and can be marked on the outside of the shipping carton.This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may have other rights (which vary from state to state). If a problem with this product develops during or after the warranty period, please contact Channel Vision Technology, your dealer or any factory-authorized service center.500-215 revA 234 Fischer Avenue, Costa Mesa, California 92626 USA(714)424-6500 (800)840-0288 (714)424-6510 faxemail:*****************************。
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计算机科学与技术系上机实验报告
课程名称:算法设计与分析班级:计科081 实验日期:2010-11-13
姓名:学号:指导教师:
实验序号:3 实验成绩:
一、实验名称
贪心算法求农场网络
二、实验目的及要求
1、学会使用在线测评的算法题目评分系统;
2、通过应用问题,加深对贪心算法的理解;
三、实验环境
C、C++编写调试工具,北京大学ICPC在线测评系统POJ
四、实验内容
2、阅读题目,建立程序的流程图;
3、使用贪心算法,实现本题;
4、进行简单测试,完成之后提交到POJ系统。
五、算法描述及实验步骤
贪心算法原理:
用贪心算法,使用当前最优的解决方案设计程序,最终得到的算法也是最优解,或者相对最优解
农场问题描述:
描述
农夫约翰被选举为他所在城市的市长,他的一个竞选诺言就是将这块地方所有的农场安装上互联网。
当然,他需要你的帮助。
约翰给他自己的农场已经安装了一个高速的互联网连接,他准备让其它农场共享这个连接。
为了花费最小,他想铺设最少的光纤到其它农场。
你得到了连接每两个农场需要花费的光纤长度的列表,你必须找到连接所有农场的最小花费。
两个农场的距离值不会超过100,000。
输入
输入包含几组例子。
每组例子的第一行是农场数量N (3 <= N <= 100),接着的N行是一个NxN的邻接矩阵,记录了每两个农场之间的距离的整数值。
输出
对于每个案例,输出一个行,这个一行有一个整数,就算连接全部农场需要的最小的光纤长度。
例子输入
4
0 4 9 21
4 0 8 17
9 8 0 16
21 17 16 0
例子输出
28
此办法应该归入到kruskal算法。
函数体里面的v是最主要的程序体,主要用来进行最小边的查找和插入。
1、输入数据。
int a[101][101];//定义数组矩阵存储农场之间的距离。
int b[101];//定义数组b存储已被连接在子树里面的节点序号
cout<<"请输入邻接矩阵"<<endl;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
}//输入矩阵
2、请给出算法框架!(流程图、纯文字语言、有注释的关键C代码均可)
v:
x=100002;p=0;q=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<i;j++)
if(x>a[i][j])/*因为俩个农场间连接的距离相同所以只用计算矩阵的上半部分即能得到正确解*/
{x=a[i][j];
c=i,l=j;}
}
for (w=1;w<=k;w++)
{if (b[w]==c)
p=c;
if (b[w]==l)
q=l;}//判断最短边的端点是否已在生成树中
if (p==c&&q==l)
a[c][l]=100001;/*置最短边的长度为100001 下次查询的时候就不会选到此边*/
else
{ s=s+x;
a[c][l]=100001; /*置最短边的长度为100001 下次查询的时候就不会选到此边*/
if(p==c&&q!=l)
{k=k+1;
b[k]=l;}
if(p!=c&&q==l)
{k=k+1;
b[k]=c;}
if(p!=c&&q!=l)
{k=k+1;
b[k]=c;
k=k+1;
b[k]=l;}
}//如果不在则插入数组
//cout<<"k"<<k<<endl;
if(k<n)
goto v;
3、输出
cout<<s<<endl;
六、调试过程及实验结果
详细记录程序在调试过程中出现的问题及解决方法。
进入程序执行,选择输入的数组的行列运行。
出现如下面输出的正确结果:
七、总结
对上机实践结果进行分析,问题回答,上机的心得体会及改进意见.
题目意思,输入距离的矩阵,存放在多维数组里。
用贪心算法求连接各个农场所需的最短距离。
由于对算法不太了解,和编程基础、习惯不好导致程序冗余度大,并且在vc++6.0上可以运行但在系统上不能正确运行。
以后再编程的过程中还要努力和改进。
return type of 'main' should be 'int' instead of 'void'
这是在北大在线测评系统上出现的错误,还需改进。
八、附录
源程序(核心代码)清单或使用说明书,可另附纸:
#include"iostream"
using namespace std;
#include"stdio.h"
int a[101][101];//定义矩阵
int b[101];
void main()
{int n,s=0,i,j,k=0,l,c,w,p,q,x;
cout<<"请输入农场数量n(3<=n<=100)"<<endl;
cin>>n;// 定义农场数量即矩阵规模
cout<<"请输入邻接矩阵"<<endl;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
}//输入矩阵
v:
x=100002;p=0;q=0;
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
for(j=1;j<i;j++)
if(x>a[i][j])
{x=a[i][j];
c=i,l=j;}
}
for (w=1;w<=k;w++)
{if (b[w]==c)
p=c;
if (b[w]==l)
q=l;}//判断最短边的端点是否已在生成树中if (p==c&&q==l)
a[c][l]=100001;
else
{ s=s+x;
a[c][l]=100001;
if(p==c&&q!=l)
{k=k+1;
b[k]=l;}
if(p!=c&&q==l)
{k=k+1;
b[k]=c;}
if(p!=c&&q!=l)
{k=k+1;
b[k]=c;
k=k+1;
b[k]=l;}
}//如果不在则插入数组if(k<n)
goto v;
cout<<s<<endl;}。