石油勘探开采科普课件(英文)
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• Did you know that some drilling rigs can drill as deep as 6 miles? That’s as deep as Mt. Everest is tall!
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
This picture shows the hoisting equipment on a rig.
We Drill Into It ! ! !
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
What do we drill with ?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
A Drilling Rig !
Here are a few different types of drilling rigs available:
carbon dioxide which is put inside of pop to give it its fizz.
A barrel of oil may contain anywhere from
1 cubic ft of gas, to over 10,000 cubic ft, depending on the type of reservoir.
Here’s an ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้xample of an Oil reservoir with a Gas cap
Gas
Oil
Water
Why do you suppose the gas is on top?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
How do we find the oil reservoirs?
So, how do we find oil-bearing rocks?
• Oil and gas are found in natural traps within the earth. • These traps consist of domes or faults. Impermeable rock above the trap prevents the oil and gas from migrating up to surface. An “impermeable” rock is one that fluid cannot pass through. • without traps, the oil and gas could migrate all the way to the surface and evaporate.
(For example, we know that present day garbage dumps give off methane gas)
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
What else do we know about oil and gas?
Oil in it’s natural state can be thick
Drill ships and semi-submersible rigs are for drilling in water depths from 100 to 5000+ ft.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
What’s a drilling rig ?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
The Drilling Mud Cycle
1) Clean drilling mud is taken from the steel mud tanks and pumped down the inside of the drill pipe. 4) the mixture is circulated across screens at surface
or thin, black or light colored.
When oil is refined, many products
can be obtained:
Many other materials also come
• • • • • Energy for power Gasoline for cars `Diesel fuel for trucks and trains Hi-`octane fuels for planes Heating oil for houses from pe`troleum: • Plastics • Materials for clothes (example: poly`ester fabrics) • Chemicals for everyday use • Paints
A Drilling Rig is:
A package of special equipment put together to enable us to
drill into the earth.
• A drilling rig has many different parts: a derrick, a substructure, hoisting equipment, engines for power, drill pipe, steel tanks, pumps, solids control equipment, and many other pieces.
That’s enough gas in a single barrel of oil to
fill your whole house!
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Where can we find Oil and Gas?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Some people think that oil is in big pools underground.
underground.
source t = 1 sec
t = 1.2 sec
t = 1.42 sec
receivers
Gas Oil
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
What do we do after we find a reservoir?
? ?
?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Actually, most oil is trapped in the tiny pore spaces between
grains of rock or sand. Most of these pores are too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Jackup Rig Land Rig For drilling in water depths from 15 ft to +/- 350 ft.
For drilling on land.
Inland Barge
Drill Ship
Semi-Sub`mersible Rig For drilling in water depths from 8 to 30 ft.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Here’s an example of a dome-shaped Oil reservoir.
Oil Water
Note the layer of impermeable rock which prevents the oil from migrating upwards. Also, note the layer of water below which prevents the oil from escaping down. Why?
• Geophysicists find reservoirs by bouncing sound waves off them, and timing how
long it takes for the sound to come back
• Computers process the data to construct pictures of what the earth looks like
derrick
This shows a 30 foot section of drill pipe being added to the drill pipe already in the hole.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Here’s a picture of the drill bit drilling the rock.
This equipment is used to raise or lower the drill string, which is picked up in 30 foot long segments, or “joints”, of drill pipe.
The hoisting equipment consists of: a crown block, a traveling block, drilling line, and a drawworks to pull the drilling line up or down. substructure Drill string Drill bit spare drill pipe
The drill string is turned at surface, which turns the bit at the bottom of the hole.
Drilling mud is pumped down the inside of the drill pipe, through jet nozzles in the bit, and into the “annulus”. This is the space between the sides of the hole and the drill pipe.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Here’s an example of a Gas reservoir.
Gas Water Again, note the impermeable layer of rock preventing the gas from escaping.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Did you know that oil has natural gas in it?
When oil is produced, some gas is produced
with the oil.
The natural gas is in solution, just like the
Exploring and Drilling for Oil and Gas
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
What are Oil and Gas?
• Oil and Gas are substances found within the earth’s crust. • They are thought to come from decomposed plant and animal matter. • Scientists believe the plants and animals died long ago, and were slowly buried by thick layers of sediments. Over a long period of time, and with pressure and temperature, the organic materials were converted into the oil and gas which are found today.
The teeth on the drill bit grind the rock into fragments, or “cuttings”.
The mud lifts the cuttings and circulates them back to surface where they are removed.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
This picture shows the hoisting equipment on a rig.
We Drill Into It ! ! !
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
What do we drill with ?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
A Drilling Rig !
Here are a few different types of drilling rigs available:
carbon dioxide which is put inside of pop to give it its fizz.
A barrel of oil may contain anywhere from
1 cubic ft of gas, to over 10,000 cubic ft, depending on the type of reservoir.
Here’s an ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้xample of an Oil reservoir with a Gas cap
Gas
Oil
Water
Why do you suppose the gas is on top?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
How do we find the oil reservoirs?
So, how do we find oil-bearing rocks?
• Oil and gas are found in natural traps within the earth. • These traps consist of domes or faults. Impermeable rock above the trap prevents the oil and gas from migrating up to surface. An “impermeable” rock is one that fluid cannot pass through. • without traps, the oil and gas could migrate all the way to the surface and evaporate.
(For example, we know that present day garbage dumps give off methane gas)
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
What else do we know about oil and gas?
Oil in it’s natural state can be thick
Drill ships and semi-submersible rigs are for drilling in water depths from 100 to 5000+ ft.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
What’s a drilling rig ?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
The Drilling Mud Cycle
1) Clean drilling mud is taken from the steel mud tanks and pumped down the inside of the drill pipe. 4) the mixture is circulated across screens at surface
or thin, black or light colored.
When oil is refined, many products
can be obtained:
Many other materials also come
• • • • • Energy for power Gasoline for cars `Diesel fuel for trucks and trains Hi-`octane fuels for planes Heating oil for houses from pe`troleum: • Plastics • Materials for clothes (example: poly`ester fabrics) • Chemicals for everyday use • Paints
A Drilling Rig is:
A package of special equipment put together to enable us to
drill into the earth.
• A drilling rig has many different parts: a derrick, a substructure, hoisting equipment, engines for power, drill pipe, steel tanks, pumps, solids control equipment, and many other pieces.
That’s enough gas in a single barrel of oil to
fill your whole house!
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Where can we find Oil and Gas?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Some people think that oil is in big pools underground.
underground.
source t = 1 sec
t = 1.2 sec
t = 1.42 sec
receivers
Gas Oil
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
What do we do after we find a reservoir?
? ?
?
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Actually, most oil is trapped in the tiny pore spaces between
grains of rock or sand. Most of these pores are too small to be seen with the naked eye.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Jackup Rig Land Rig For drilling in water depths from 15 ft to +/- 350 ft.
For drilling on land.
Inland Barge
Drill Ship
Semi-Sub`mersible Rig For drilling in water depths from 8 to 30 ft.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Here’s an example of a dome-shaped Oil reservoir.
Oil Water
Note the layer of impermeable rock which prevents the oil from migrating upwards. Also, note the layer of water below which prevents the oil from escaping down. Why?
• Geophysicists find reservoirs by bouncing sound waves off them, and timing how
long it takes for the sound to come back
• Computers process the data to construct pictures of what the earth looks like
derrick
This shows a 30 foot section of drill pipe being added to the drill pipe already in the hole.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Here’s a picture of the drill bit drilling the rock.
This equipment is used to raise or lower the drill string, which is picked up in 30 foot long segments, or “joints”, of drill pipe.
The hoisting equipment consists of: a crown block, a traveling block, drilling line, and a drawworks to pull the drilling line up or down. substructure Drill string Drill bit spare drill pipe
The drill string is turned at surface, which turns the bit at the bottom of the hole.
Drilling mud is pumped down the inside of the drill pipe, through jet nozzles in the bit, and into the “annulus”. This is the space between the sides of the hole and the drill pipe.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Here’s an example of a Gas reservoir.
Gas Water Again, note the impermeable layer of rock preventing the gas from escaping.
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
Did you know that oil has natural gas in it?
When oil is produced, some gas is produced
with the oil.
The natural gas is in solution, just like the
Exploring and Drilling for Oil and Gas
Prepared by Tom Sheeran
What are Oil and Gas?
• Oil and Gas are substances found within the earth’s crust. • They are thought to come from decomposed plant and animal matter. • Scientists believe the plants and animals died long ago, and were slowly buried by thick layers of sediments. Over a long period of time, and with pressure and temperature, the organic materials were converted into the oil and gas which are found today.
The teeth on the drill bit grind the rock into fragments, or “cuttings”.
The mud lifts the cuttings and circulates them back to surface where they are removed.