《专业英语》课件(2)-The Operational Amplifier
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e.g1: Laboratory work is considered of great importance to students of engineering. 实验对工科学生来说及其重要。
专业英语
6
(2) with + 抽象n.=adv. with care =carefully with ease = easefully
专业英语
4
(4) 作补足语
e.g1: This parameter is defined as the ratio of signal to noise. 这个参数定义为信噪比。（主语补足语） e.g2: We refer to this electronic device as a robot. 我们称这种电子设备为机器人。（宾语补足语）
因此可以方便地构成各种电子线路。
专业英语
12
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
阅读文章回答问题： 1. What problem is usually concerned with electrical
devices as amplifiers?
2. What are the advantages of operational amplifier? 3. How many characteristics are of operational amplifier? And what are they? 4. What is one of the key features of Op-Amp design?
专业英语
2
科技英语语法——词类
二、介词
1. 介词短语在句中的主要语法功能
(1) 作状语（句中位置灵活）
e.g1: In nature there are many substances.
自然界中有许多物质。 e.g2: Their channel resistances will be relatively low, on the order of 500 Ohms. 它们的沟道电阻相当低，大约为500欧姆。
1
翻译下面一段英文 A common method of analyzing an electrical network is mesh or loop analysis. The fundamental law that is applied in this method is Kirchhoff’s first law, which states that the algebraic sum of the voltage around a closed loop is 0, or, in any closed loop, the sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of the voltage drop. Mesh analysis consists of assuming that currents—termed loop currents— flow in each loop of a network, algebraically summing the voltage drops around each loop, and setting each sum equal to 0.
回顾与复习——Electrical Networks 单词及短语中英文对译： 电网络 无源网络 有源网络 回路电流 电压降 等效电路 微分方程 回路分析法
专业英语
rate of change of current voltage/current source in series algebraic sum amplifying device current flow differentiation with respect to time second-order
with efficiency = efficiently
with skill = skillfully with difficulty=difficultly e.g: This experiment should be done with care.
这个实验应该仔细地做。
专业英语
7
三、数词 1. 分数的表示法 分子（用基数词表示）：one, two, three, … , ten
parameter n. 参数
vary v. 不同于
component n.
inner working
专业英语
元件，成分
内部工作原理
14
transistor n. 晶体管
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
beyond the scope of… 超出…的范围 a variety of 多种的，各种的 filter circuit 滤波电路 with respect to 相对于 differential device 差分装置 KVL Kirchhoff Voltage Law 基尔霍夫电压定律 gain factor 增益因子 denominator n. 分母 fraction n. 分数 numerator n. 分子 independent of 与…无关
使运算放大器正常工作所必需的其他一些管脚连接， 诸如：电源管脚和接地管脚并未画出。
Not shown： 名词，作为主语
专业英语
17
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
[3] This is one of the key features of Op-Amp design— the action of the circuit on signals depends only upon the external elements which can be easily varied by the designer and which do not depend upon the detailed character of the Op-Amp itself. 这是运算放大器设计的重要特征之一——在信号 作用下，电路的动作仅取决于能够容易被设计者改变 的外部元件，而不取决于运算放大器本身的细节特性。 Which 作关系代词用，用于限制性定语从句中， 专指事物而言。
专业英语
11
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
背景知识：运算放大器是一种常用的电子器件。具
有输入阻抗高、输出阻抗低、放大倍数大、性能稳 定的特点。在利用运算放大器设计电路时，由于其 放大倍数很大，电路的特性主要是由外部输入输出 网络的特性决定，与放大器本身的特性关系不大，
E.g3：At this point, the current in the branch is ten times what it was.
这时，该支路中的电流为原来的10倍。
专业英语
10
3.两个典型句型
(1) ―n‖ times +比较级+than …=―n‖ times as +原级 +as …
专业英语
3
(2) 作定语（后置定语） e.g1: There are batteries for mobile phone. 这是供手机用的电池。 e.g2: An electric switch is often on a wall near the door of a room. 开关常装在房间门旁的墙上。 (3) 作表语（置于系动词之后） e.g1: The supply currents specified in the data sheet are for static DC conditions only. 数据单上标明的电源电流只适用于静态直流条件。
专业英语
16
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
[2] Not shown are other connections necessary to run
the Op-Amp such as its attachments to power supplies
and to ground potential.
专业英语
15
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
难句解释：
[1] One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains, AU or AI, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system. 对于像广义放大器这样的电子设备，存在的一个 问题是其增益AU 或AI取决于两端口系统的内部特性。 That 作从属连接词，在句中没有实在意义，只起 连接从句的作用，引导主语从句、宾语从句、同位语 从句或表语从句。
(5) 作插入语
如：in fact; of course; for example… e.g: For example, we can make an electric bell with this kind of magnet. 例如，我们可以用这种磁铁来制作电铃。
专业英语
5
2. 介词的一些特殊用法 (1) of + 抽象n.=adj. of interest=interesting of use =useful of value =valuable of importance=important of help =helpful
5. What are the important laws of operational
amplifier?
专业英语
13
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
生词与短语：
operational amplifier 运算放大器
electronic device 电子器件
depend upon internal property 依赖于，取决于 内部特性
E.g: 0.3g 2. 特殊表示法 倍数
分数 百分数
专业英语
three tenths of a gram the +n.+后置定语
+ that +后置定语 what – 从句
9
E.g1: The voltage is 100 times the signal applied to the amplifier.
E.g: This wire is four times longer than that one.
=This wire is four times as long as that one.
(2) by a factor of ―n‖ 与表示“增加”、“减少”等词 连用时应译为“n-1‖倍。
E.g: In this case, its gain will be increased by a factor of 5. 在这种情况下，其增益将提高4倍。
分母（用序数词表示）：first, second, third, …
注：当分子=1时，分母用单数形式； 当分子>1时，分母用复数形式。 e.g: 1/3 2/5 one third two fifths
专业英语
8
零点几的表示法：转化为分数表示 E.g: 0.3 → 3/10 three tenths 若是数值带有单位，在分数表示后+―of a(an) +单位 名称”
专业英语
18
P1U2A
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
The Operational Amplifier
翻译示例：
One problem with electronic devices corresponding
to the…….At this point we will make no attempt to
这个电压是加给放大器信号的100倍。（相当于在 倍数词后省略了as large as）
E.g2: The force provided by two parallel rubber bands is twice that provided by one rubber band. 两根平行的橡皮筋所提供的力为一根橡皮筋的两倍。
专业英语
6
(2) with + 抽象n.=adv. with care =carefully with ease = easefully
专业英语
4
(4) 作补足语
e.g1: This parameter is defined as the ratio of signal to noise. 这个参数定义为信噪比。（主语补足语） e.g2: We refer to this electronic device as a robot. 我们称这种电子设备为机器人。（宾语补足语）
因此可以方便地构成各种电子线路。
专业英语
12
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
阅读文章回答问题： 1. What problem is usually concerned with electrical
devices as amplifiers?
2. What are the advantages of operational amplifier? 3. How many characteristics are of operational amplifier? And what are they? 4. What is one of the key features of Op-Amp design?
专业英语
2
科技英语语法——词类
二、介词
1. 介词短语在句中的主要语法功能
(1) 作状语（句中位置灵活）
e.g1: In nature there are many substances.
自然界中有许多物质。 e.g2: Their channel resistances will be relatively low, on the order of 500 Ohms. 它们的沟道电阻相当低，大约为500欧姆。
1
翻译下面一段英文 A common method of analyzing an electrical network is mesh or loop analysis. The fundamental law that is applied in this method is Kirchhoff’s first law, which states that the algebraic sum of the voltage around a closed loop is 0, or, in any closed loop, the sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of the voltage drop. Mesh analysis consists of assuming that currents—termed loop currents— flow in each loop of a network, algebraically summing the voltage drops around each loop, and setting each sum equal to 0.
回顾与复习——Electrical Networks 单词及短语中英文对译： 电网络 无源网络 有源网络 回路电流 电压降 等效电路 微分方程 回路分析法
专业英语
rate of change of current voltage/current source in series algebraic sum amplifying device current flow differentiation with respect to time second-order
with efficiency = efficiently
with skill = skillfully with difficulty=difficultly e.g: This experiment should be done with care.
这个实验应该仔细地做。
专业英语
7
三、数词 1. 分数的表示法 分子（用基数词表示）：one, two, three, … , ten
parameter n. 参数
vary v. 不同于
component n.
inner working
专业英语
元件，成分
内部工作原理
14
transistor n. 晶体管
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
beyond the scope of… 超出…的范围 a variety of 多种的，各种的 filter circuit 滤波电路 with respect to 相对于 differential device 差分装置 KVL Kirchhoff Voltage Law 基尔霍夫电压定律 gain factor 增益因子 denominator n. 分母 fraction n. 分数 numerator n. 分子 independent of 与…无关
使运算放大器正常工作所必需的其他一些管脚连接， 诸如：电源管脚和接地管脚并未画出。
Not shown： 名词，作为主语
专业英语
17
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
[3] This is one of the key features of Op-Amp design— the action of the circuit on signals depends only upon the external elements which can be easily varied by the designer and which do not depend upon the detailed character of the Op-Amp itself. 这是运算放大器设计的重要特征之一——在信号 作用下，电路的动作仅取决于能够容易被设计者改变 的外部元件，而不取决于运算放大器本身的细节特性。 Which 作关系代词用，用于限制性定语从句中， 专指事物而言。
专业英语
11
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
背景知识：运算放大器是一种常用的电子器件。具
有输入阻抗高、输出阻抗低、放大倍数大、性能稳 定的特点。在利用运算放大器设计电路时，由于其 放大倍数很大，电路的特性主要是由外部输入输出 网络的特性决定，与放大器本身的特性关系不大，
E.g3：At this point, the current in the branch is ten times what it was.
这时，该支路中的电流为原来的10倍。
专业英语
10
3.两个典型句型
(1) ―n‖ times +比较级+than …=―n‖ times as +原级 +as …
专业英语
3
(2) 作定语（后置定语） e.g1: There are batteries for mobile phone. 这是供手机用的电池。 e.g2: An electric switch is often on a wall near the door of a room. 开关常装在房间门旁的墙上。 (3) 作表语（置于系动词之后） e.g1: The supply currents specified in the data sheet are for static DC conditions only. 数据单上标明的电源电流只适用于静态直流条件。
专业英语
16
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
[2] Not shown are other connections necessary to run
the Op-Amp such as its attachments to power supplies
and to ground potential.
专业英语
15
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
难句解释：
[1] One problem with electronic devices corresponding to the generalized amplifiers is that the gains, AU or AI, depend upon internal properties of the two-port system. 对于像广义放大器这样的电子设备，存在的一个 问题是其增益AU 或AI取决于两端口系统的内部特性。 That 作从属连接词，在句中没有实在意义，只起 连接从句的作用，引导主语从句、宾语从句、同位语 从句或表语从句。
(5) 作插入语
如：in fact; of course; for example… e.g: For example, we can make an electric bell with this kind of magnet. 例如，我们可以用这种磁铁来制作电铃。
专业英语
5
2. 介词的一些特殊用法 (1) of + 抽象n.=adj. of interest=interesting of use =useful of value =valuable of importance=important of help =helpful
5. What are the important laws of operational
amplifier?
专业英语
13
P1U2A
The Operational Amplifier
生词与短语：
operational amplifier 运算放大器
electronic device 电子器件
depend upon internal property 依赖于，取决于 内部特性
E.g: 0.3g 2. 特殊表示法 倍数
分数 百分数
专业英语
three tenths of a gram the +n.+后置定语
+ that +后置定语 what – 从句
9
E.g1: The voltage is 100 times the signal applied to the amplifier.
E.g: This wire is four times longer than that one.
=This wire is four times as long as that one.
(2) by a factor of ―n‖ 与表示“增加”、“减少”等词 连用时应译为“n-1‖倍。
E.g: In this case, its gain will be increased by a factor of 5. 在这种情况下，其增益将提高4倍。
分母（用序数词表示）：first, second, third, …
注：当分子=1时，分母用单数形式； 当分子>1时，分母用复数形式。 e.g: 1/3 2/5 one third two fifths
专业英语
8
零点几的表示法：转化为分数表示 E.g: 0.3 → 3/10 three tenths 若是数值带有单位，在分数表示后+―of a(an) +单位 名称”
专业英语
18
P1U2A
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
The Operational Amplifier
翻译示例：
One problem with electronic devices corresponding
to the…….At this point we will make no attempt to
这个电压是加给放大器信号的100倍。（相当于在 倍数词后省略了as large as）
E.g2: The force provided by two parallel rubber bands is twice that provided by one rubber band. 两根平行的橡皮筋所提供的力为一根橡皮筋的两倍。