东北大学626基础英语02-04.16年(16年回忆版)真题
英语一历年考研英语真题和答案(2000-2016年)
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women,but also a matchmaker.A young man can2a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to3 the marriage negotiations.or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen5a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days7by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists,and10a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the11.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may12with them up to a year,13they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to14,but not common.Divorced persons are15with some disapproval.Each spouse retains16property he or she17into the marriage,and jointly -acquired property is18equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice19 up.The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry20the woman must wait the months.1.[A]by way of[B]as well as[C]on behalf of[D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to[B]provide for[C]compete with[D]decide on3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]In theory[B]Above all[C]In time[D]For example5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through7.[A]sine[B]or[C]but[D]so8.[A]test[B]copy[C]recite[D]create9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10.[A]lighting[B]passing[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]meeting[B]association[C]collection[D]union12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]for[D]if14.[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16.[A]wherever[B]however[C]whenever[D]whatever17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]divided[B]invested[C]donated[D]withdrawn19.[A]clears[B]warms[C]shows[D]breaks20.[A]while[B]so what[C]once[D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that"incite excessive thinness"by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.That's a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to woman(and many men)that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,using afashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions,Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states,we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen.Fashion week,which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?[A]Physical beauty would be redefined[B]New runways would be constructed[C]Websites about dieting would thrive[D]The fashion industry would decline22.The phrase"impinging on"(Line2Para2)is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of[B]indicating the state of[C]losing faith in[D]doing harm to23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A]The French measures have already failed[B]New standards are being set in Denmark[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]setting perfect physical conditions[B]caring too much about models'character[C]showing little concern for health factors[D]pursuing a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A]A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C]Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate"the countryside" alongside the royal family.Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what make them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save"the beauty of natural places for everyone forever".It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience"a refreshing air".Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They don't make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives'planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing"off-plan"building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as bour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance,has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that"housing crisis"equals"concreted meadows"is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always,where to put them under lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned,not let trip,After the Netherlands,Britain is Europe's most crowed country.Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal,Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain's public sentiment about the countryside[A]is not well reflected in politics[B]is fully backed by the royal family[C]didn't start fill the Shakespearean age[D]has brought much benefit to the NHS27.According to paragraph2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A]largely overshadowed[B]properly protected[C]effectively reinforced[D]gradually destroyed28.Which of the following can be offered from paragraph3[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development[B]The Conservatives may abandon"off-plan"building[C]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29.The author holds that George Osbornes's preference[A]shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30.In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A]the size of population in Britain[B]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C]the town-and-country planning in Britain[D]the political life in today's BritainText3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business"wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winning economist"That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits."But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders's money,things may not be absolutely clear-act.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a"signal"that a company's products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse"halo effect"whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR."We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%result in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials."says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33.The expression"more lenient"(line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company's CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A]The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B]Companies'financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate."Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there's plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks-isn't just expensive;it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way."Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,"he said,"but if you discontinue it,you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming."It was seen as blunder,"he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?"I wouldn't pick a year to end print,"he said"I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in."So if you're overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,"Peretti said."Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue."In other words,if you're going to make a print product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.Which may be what the Times is doing already.Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly$500a year-more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business,"Peretti remarked."But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes.In those situations,it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36.The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to[A]the increasing online and sales[B]the pressure from its investors[C]the complaints from its readers[D]the high cost of operation37.Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation,The Times should[A]make strategic adjustments[B]end the print sedition for good[C]seek new sources of leadership[D]aim for efficient management38.It can be inferred from paragraphs5and6that a"legacy product"[A]helps restore the glory of former times[B]is meant for the most loyal customers[C]will have the cost of printing reduced[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that in a changing world[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges[D]legacy businesses are becoming out dated40.which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]shift to online newspapers all at once[B]Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C]keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D]Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET.(10point)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This is especially true in the first impressions.According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence,trustworthiness,and likeability in just a tenth of a second,solely based on the way you look.The difference between today's workplace and the"dress for success"era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented.In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in other not so much.Plus,whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.Chances are,your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two lennials,it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And what's the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals?Here are some tips: 41___[B]Decide if the time is rightAs an executive coach,I've seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,or changing work environments.If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut,now may be a good time.If you're not sure,ask for honest feedback from trusted friends,colleagues and professionals.Look for cues about how others perceive you.Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK42_____[G]Know your goalsGet clear on what impact you're hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image.For another,it may be to be perceived as more approachable,or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising,maybe they want to look more"SoHo."(It's OK to use characterizations like that)43____[D]Understand the contextLook at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the norms of your environment?What conveys status?Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44_____[E]Work with professionalsEnlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.Hire a personal stylist,or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew.Try a hair stylistinstead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It's not as expensive as you might think.45______[F]Make it efficientThe point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear.Instead,use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options.Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone,one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Mental health is our birthright.(46)we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend,a broken bone.Mental health can't be learned,only reawakened.It is like immune system of the body,which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened,but which never leaves us.When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it,mental health will remain hidden from us.(47)Our mental health doesn't go anywhere;like the sun behind a cloud,it can be temporarily hidden from view,but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem-confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense.It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously,to laugh at ourselves,to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out.It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are.Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems,resolving conflict,making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life,or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.It gives us patience for ourselves.And toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice,we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought.(50)As you will come to see,knowing that mentalhealth is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【参考译文】46.我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
2016年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
2016年东北师范大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(总分：70.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.international reserve currencies（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.contaminate（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.orphanage（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.multilateral cooperation（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.external-affairs commissioner（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.terrorist attack（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.open ports to foreign trade（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.vehicle exhaust（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.live TV broadcast（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.insurance policy（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.put oneself in someone's shoes（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.jeopardize（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.intercultural communication（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.foreign exchange dealing（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.APEC（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.友好合作的伙伴关系（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.和平共处（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.全民奥运（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.不平等条约（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.小康社会（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________23.全球化（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.感恩节（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________农历__________________________________________________________________________________________ 26.紧急出口（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________关税__________________________________________________________________________________________ 28.财政部（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 29.通货膨胀（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 30.防御性策略（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________国债__________________________________________________________________________________________ 32.欧洲联盟（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、英汉互译(总题数：7，分数：10.00)33.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 34.The manufacture of plastics requires a large quantity of heavy machines as well as knowledge of science. Today the greater part of plastics is manufactured by the world's great oil refineries and chemical works. Chemical works are factories which produce chemicals—a manmade liquids, gases and solid materials. The refineries and chemical works produce many different kinds of raw plastics, which are then taken to the tens of thousands of factories which made plastic products. Machines for making plastic objects are very different from those used for manufacturing articles of wood or metal or other natural materials. For raw plastics must first be softened by heat and then pressed into moulds. It is the moulds which give plastic objects their shapes. These moulds can be of any shape or size. And the same mould can be used over and over again. In fact one mould can produce many thousands of articles before it wears out. This is one of the reasons why plastic things are so cheap.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 35.There is a difference between knowledge and wisdom, but without the one the other cannot be gained. We cannot have a harvest of wheat without seed and skill of cultivation. Knowledge is the root of wisdom; wisdom is the ripe fruit of knowledge. The love of knowledge has been characteristic of most great men. They not only loved knowledge but they were willing to work hard to attain it. When a man wins success, people say, "He is a genius." But the real cause for his success was that the love of knowledge led to the effort to obtain it. Useful knowledge is the knowledge which is of benefit to ourselves and to others, and that is the most important which is the most useful. It is the belief of many people that knowledge is better than riches, and that its possession brings more comfort to the owner than anything else. The power of intellectual knowledge, without the owner of moral principle, often tends to evil. Character is the criterion of knowledge. Not what a man has, but what he is, is the question. The quality of soul is more than the quantity of information. If we have noble purpose, our intellectual attainments will naturally turn to the loftiest uses. (From On Knowledge by W. F. Mark-wick and W. A. Smith)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 36.The mighty Pacific washes the shores of the continents—North America, South America, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica. Its waters mingle in the southeast with the Atlantic Ocean and in the southwest with the Indian Ocean. It is not on the shores of continents or in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. When white men first came to the Pacific islands, they found that the people living there were like happy children. They were tall men and beautiful women who seemed not to have a care in the world. Coconut palms and breadfruit trees grew at the doors of their huts. The ocean was filled with turtles and fish, ready for the net. (From Pacific Ocean)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 37.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 38.国与国之间的交往，特别是经贸互动，既存在着合作，又存在着竞争。
(完整word版)2016年度考研英语一真题与答案解析,推荐文档
2016考研英语(一)真题及参考答案2015年12月28日Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1 those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s pa rents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 . Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off–plan”building where local people might object. Theconcept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today’s BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business”wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act （FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.”says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] uncertainty[B] skepticism[C] approval[D] tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A] guarding it against malpractices[B] protecting it from consumers[C] winning trust from consumers.[D] raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A] less controversial[B] more lasting[C] more effective[D] less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A] comes across as reliable evidence[B] has an impact on their decision[C] increases the chance of being penalized[D] constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper―printing presses, delivery trucks ― isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,”he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes,and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,”Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year ― more than twice as much as a digital ― only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,”Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a “ legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numberedparagraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark youranswers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D] Understand the context[E] Work with professionals[F] Make it efficient[G] Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that )43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere, like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions: Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students withrelevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures Inyour essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly2) interpret the meaning , and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)【参考答案】：Section I1-5 BDCAC 6-10 ACCDB 11-15 DDBAC 16-20 DBACASection IIPart A21-25. ADBCA 26-30. ADCDD 31-35. ACDBA 36-40. DABCDPart B41-45. BGDEFPart C46. 我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
2000_2016考研英语历年真题答案解析[英语一]
![2000_2016考研英语历年真题答案解析[英语一]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/6f51a43d55270722192ef77a.png)
2015 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题答案I cloze1、What 2 、Concluded 3 、On 4 、Compared 5 、Samples 6 、Insignificant 7 、Know 8、Resemble 9 、 Also 10 、 Perhaps 11 、To 12 、Drive 13 、Rather than14、 Benefits 15 、Faster 16 、understand 17 、Contributory 18 、 Tendency19、 Ethnic 20 、 seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.D ended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies26. C check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.A disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. C citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33.D set an example for other journals34.C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers36.D the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37.A more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38.C was hardly convincing39.B generally distorted values40.D moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.C if you are unfamiliar...专业技术 .整理分享42.E you make further inferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.B factors such as...45.A are we studying that ...Part C46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
英语一历年考研英语真题和答案(2000-2016年)
2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women,but also a matchmaker.A young man can2a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to3 the marriage negotiations.or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection4,a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen5a spouse has been selected,each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying6a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days7by the1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and8prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,9cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists,and10a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the11.Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may12with them up to a year,13they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to14,but not common.Divorced persons are15with some disapproval.Each spouse retains16property he or she17into the marriage,and jointly -acquired property is18equally.Divorced persons may remarry,but a gender prejudice19 up.The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry20the woman must wait the months.1.[A]by way of[B]as well as[C]on behalf of[D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to[B]provide for[C]compete with[D]decide on3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone4.[A]In theory[B]Above all[C]In time[D]For example5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless6.[A]into[B]within[C]from[D]through7.[A]sine[B]or[C]but[D]so8.[A]test[B]copy[C]recite[D]create9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying10.[A]lighting[B]passing[C]hiding[D]serving11.[A]meeting[B]association[C]collection[D]union12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]for[D]if14.[A]obtain[B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed16.[A]wherever[B]however[C]whenever[D]whatever17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]divided[B]invested[C]donated[D]withdrawn19.[A]clears[B]warms[C]shows[D]breaks20.[A]while[B]so what[C]once[D]in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that"incite excessive thinness"by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.That's a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to woman(and many men)that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.Under the law,using afashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France's actions,Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age,health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states,we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen.Fashion week,which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?[A]Physical beauty would be redefined[B]New runways would be constructed[C]Websites about dieting would thrive[D]The fashion industry would decline22.The phrase"impinging on"(Line2Para2)is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of[B]indicating the state of[C]losing faith in[D]doing harm to23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A]The French measures have already failed[B]New standards are being set in Denmark[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]setting perfect physical conditions[B]caring too much about models'character[C]showing little concern for health factors[D]pursuing a high age threshold for models25.Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A]A challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C]Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate"the countryside" alongside the royal family.Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what make them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save"the beauty of natural places for everyone forever".It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience"a refreshing air".Hill's pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They don't make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives'planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing"off-plan"building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as bour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent only u sensing its chance,has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that"housing crisis"equals"concreted meadows"is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always,where to put them under lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned,not let trip,After the Netherlands,Britain is Europe's most crowed country.Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal,Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26.Britain's public sentiment about the countryside[A]is not well reflected in politics[B]is fully backed by the royal family[C]didn't start fill the Shakespearean age[D]has brought much benefit to the NHS27.According to paragraph2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A]largely overshadowed[B]properly protected[C]effectively reinforced[D]gradually destroyed28.Which of the following can be offered from paragraph3[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development[B]The Conservatives may abandon"off-plan"building[C]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29.The author holds that George Osbornes's preference[A]shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30.In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A]the size of population in Britain[B]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C]the town-and-country planning in Britain[D]the political life in today's BritainText3"There is one and only one social responsibility of business"wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winning economist"That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits."But even if you accept Friedman's premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders's money,things may not be absolutely clear-act.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a"signal"that a company's products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company's products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse"halo effect"whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm's political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR."We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%result in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials."says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman's statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33.The expression"more lenient"(line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company's CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A]The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B]Companies'financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate."Sometime in the future," the paper's publisher said back in2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there's plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper-printing presses, delivery trucks-isn't just expensive;it's excessive at a time when online-only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way."Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,"he said,"but if you discontinue it,you're going have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming."It was seen as blunder,"he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?"I wouldn't pick a year to end print,"he said"I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product."The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in."So if you're overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,"Peretti said."Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue."In other words,if you're going to make a print product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.Which may be what the Times is doing already.Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly$500a year-more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business,"Peretti remarked."But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes.In those situations,it's better to be more aggressive that less aggressive."36.The New York Times is considering ending it's print edition partly due to[A]the increasing online and sales[B]the pressure from its investors[C]the complaints from its readers[D]the high cost of operation37.Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation,The Times should[A]make strategic adjustments[B]end the print sedition for good[C]seek new sources of leadership[D]aim for efficient management38.It can be inferred from paragraphs5and6that a"legacy product"[A]helps restore the glory of former times[B]is meant for the most loyal customers[C]will have the cost of printing reduced[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that in a changing world[A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges[D]legacy businesses are becoming out dated40.which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]shift to online newspapers all at once[B]Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C]keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D]Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET.(10point)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Decide if the time is right[C]Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This is especially true in the first impressions.According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence,trustworthiness,and likeability in just a tenth of a second,solely based on the way you look.The difference between today's workplace and the"dress for success"era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented.In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in other not so much.Plus,whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.Chances are,your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two lennials,it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And what's the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals?Here are some tips: 41___[B]Decide if the time is rightAs an executive coach,I've seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,or changing work environments.If you're in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut,now may be a good time.If you're not sure,ask for honest feedback from trusted friends,colleagues and professionals.Look for cues about how others perceive you.Maybe there's no need for an upgrade and that's OK42_____[G]Know your goalsGet clear on what impact you're hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image.For another,it may be to be perceived as more approachable,or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising,maybe they want to look more"SoHo."(It's OK to use characterizations like that)43____[D]Understand the contextLook at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the norms of your environment?What conveys status?Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.44_____[E]Work with professionalsEnlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.Hire a personal stylist,or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew.Try a hair stylistinstead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It's not as expensive as you might think.45______[F]Make it efficientThe point of a style upgrade isn't to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear.Instead,use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options.Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone,one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Mental health is our birthright.(46)we don't have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend,a broken bone.Mental health can't be learned,only reawakened.It is like immune system of the body,which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened,but which never leaves us.When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it,mental health will remain hidden from us.(47)Our mental health doesn't go anywhere;like the sun behind a cloud,it can be temporarily hidden from view,but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem-confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense.It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously,to laugh at ourselves,to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out.It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are.Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems,resolving conflict,making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life,or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.It gives us patience for ourselves.And toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice,we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought.(50)As you will come to see,knowing that mentalhealth is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.【参考译文】46.我们不必一定去学习如何做到心理健康，这种能力植根于我们自身，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口，如何修复断骨。
2000_2016考研英语历年真题答案解析[英语一]
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2015 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题答案I cloze1、What 2 、Concluded 3 、On 4 、Compared 5 、Samples 6 、Insignificant 7 、Know 8、Resemble 9 、 Also 10 、 Perhaps 11 、To 12 、Drive 13 、Rather than14、 Benefits 15 、Faster 16 、understand 17 、Contributory 18 、 Tendency19、 Ethnic 20 、 seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.D ended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies26. C check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.A disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. C citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33.D set an example for other journals34.C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers36.D the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37.A more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38.C was hardly convincing39.B generally distorted values40.D moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.C if you are unfamiliar...专业技术 .整理分享42.E you make further inferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.B factors such as...45.A are we studying that ...Part C46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2000_2016考研英语历年真题答案解析[英语一]
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2015 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题答案I cloze1、What 2 、Concluded3、On 4 、Compared 5 、Samples 6 、Insignificant 7、Know 8、Resemble 9 、 Also10、 Perhaps 11 、To12 、Drive 13 、Rather than14、 Benefits 15、Faster16、understand 17、Contributory 18 、 Tendency19、 Ethnic 20、 seeII Readingcomprehension Part A21.D ended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies26. C check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.A disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. C citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33.D set an example for other journals34.C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers36.D the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37.A more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38.C was hardly convincing39.B generally distorted values40.D moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.C if you are unfamiliar...42.E you make further inferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.B factors such as...45.A are we studying that ...Part C46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2000_2016考研英语历年真题答案解析[英语一]
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2015 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题答案I cloze1、What 2 、Concluded 3 、On 4 、Compared 5、Samples 6 、Insignificant 7 、Know 8、Resemble 9 、Also 10 、Perhaps 11 、To 12 、Drive 13 、Rather than14、Benefits 15 、Faster 16 、understand 17 、Contributory 18 、Tendency19、Ethnic 20 、seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.D ended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies26. C check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.A disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. C citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33. D set an example for other journals34. C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers36. D the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37. A more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38. C was hardly convincing39. B generally distorted values40. D moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.C if you are unfamiliar...42.E you make further inferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.B factors such as...45.A are we studying that ...Part C46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2016年高考全国卷一英语真题及答案
2016年高考全国卷一英语真题及答案2016一般高等学校招生全国一致考试（新课标I）英语试卷种类A第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每题分，满分分）听下边5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应地点。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间往返答相关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15B. £ 9. 18C. £ 9. 15答案是C。
1. What are the speakers talking about?A. Having a birthday party.B. Doing some exercise.C. Getting Lydia a gift.2. What is the woman going to do?A. Help the man.B. Take a bus.C. Get a camera.3. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Tell Kate to stop.B. Call Kate，s friends.C. Stay away from Kate.4. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a wine shop.B. In a supermarket.C. In a restaurant.5. What does the woman mean?A. Keep the window closed.B. Go out for fresh air.C. Turn on the fan.听第6段资料，回答第6、7题。
(2016全国卷I试题及超详细答案)2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语一、听力（共二节）第一节（共5小题。
每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从每小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话前，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers talking about?A.Having a birthday party.B.Doing some exercise.C.Getting Lydia a gift.2.What is the woman going to do?A.Help the man.B.Take a bus.C.Get a camera.3.What does the woman suggest the man do?A.Tell Kate to stop.B.Call Kate's friends.C.Stay away from Kate.4.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In a wine shop.B.In a supermarket.C.In a restaurant.5.What does the woman mean?A.Keep the window closed.B.Go out for fresh air.C.Turn on the fan第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，共12.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有几个小题，从每小题所给出的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读下一小题。
听完后，各小题将有5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6-7题。
6.What is the man going to do this summer?A.Teach a course.B.Repair his house.C.Work at a hotel.7.How will the man use the money?A.To hire a gardener.B.To buy books.C.To pay for a boat ships.听下面一段对话，回答第8-9题。
00015英语二2016年04月真题+解析+作文
2016年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷（课程代码00015）本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1. 本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2. 第一、二部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B 铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码 涂黑。
3. 话三〜七部分为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5亳米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4. 合理安排答题空间。
超出答题区域无效。
第TP 分：阅读判断（第1〜10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了 10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的 是正确信息，选择A ；如果该旬提供的是错误信息，选择B ；如果该句的信息文中没有提及, 选择C 。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Red Nose DayRed Nose Day (RND) is a well-known event in the UK. The aim of the day is to raise money for Comic Relief. This is a charity that helps people in need in Africa and in the UK.Comic Relief was started in 1985 by Richard Curtis. He wrote the famous films “Four Weddings and a Funeral" and "Notting . Richard started Comic Relief in response to the severe famine in Ethiopia. It' s called Red Nose Day as on this day many people buy a plastic red nose to wear! The money made from selling red noses goes to the charity.Red Nose Day takes place every two years in the spring. It is now so well established that many people consider it to be an unofficial national holiday.The slogan for the last RND was "Do Something Funny for Money. " The money that wascollected was used to help fund projects in such areas as education and mental health. Money-raising events take place on this day all over the country and many schools participate. People also donate money by post in banks by phone using a credit card and online.In the evening of Red Nose Day a telethon takes place on the BBC TV channels. This islike a television marathon (马拉松)that shows some of the events of the day and reports how the money raised will be spent. People also upload videos of local charity events onto the Internet.So if you are ever in the UK on Red Nose Day, you will know why you find normal people wearing red noses and doing silly things! It' s all for a good cause!Day is a famous event in Britain.B. FalseC. Not Given 2. Comic Relief aims to help people all over the world.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not GivenRed Nose Day has become an official national holiday..1.Red Nose A. True 3. Richard Curtis is a well-known actor and film director.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given 4. Many people wear a A. 5. A. True Red Nose Truered nose on Red Nose Day. C.Not Given B. FalseDay takes place every year.B. FalseC. Not Given 6.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given7. The funnier people look the more money they collect.A. True B~ False C. Not Given8.People give money to Comic Relief in many ways.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given9.M any schools take part in the money-raising events on Red Nose Day.A. True B . False C. Not Given10.The Red Nose Day telethon has attracted lots of film stars.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not Given第二部分：阅读选择（第?15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
2000_2016考研英语历年真题答案解析[英语一]
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2015 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题答案I cloze1、What 2 、Concluded 3 、On 4 、Compared 5 、Samples 6 、Insignificant 7 、Know 8、Resemble 9 、 Also 10 、 Perhaps 11 、To 12 、Drive 13 、Rather than14、 Benefits 15 、Faster 16 、understand 17 、Contributory 18 、 Tendency19、 Ethnic 20 、 seeII Reading comprehensionPart A21.D ended his reign in embarrassment.22. C owing to the undoubted and respectable status23. A the role of the nobility in modern democracy24. B fails to change his lifestyle as advised.25. D Carlos, a lesson for all Monarchies26. C check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.27.A disapproval28.A getting into one's residence29. C citizens' privacy is not effectively protected30.B new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution31.B journals are strengthening their statistical checks32.B marked33.D set an example for other journals34.C has room for further improvement35.A science joins Push to screen statistics in papers36.D the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37.A more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38.C was hardly convincing39.B generally distorted values40.D moral awareness matters in editing a newspaperPart B41.C if you are unfamiliar...专业技术 .整理分享42.E you make further inferences...43.D Rather ,we ascribe meanings to...44.B factors such as...45.A are we studying that ...Part C46）在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
2000-2016年考研英语历年真题和答案(完整资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man'sparents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby. Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each sprouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to2.[A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on3.[A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone4.[A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless6.[A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through7.[A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so8.[A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create9.[A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying10.[A]passing [B]lighting[C]hiding [D]serving11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever17.[A]changed[B]brought [C]shaped[D]pushed18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears20.[A]so [B]while [C]once [D]in thatText 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass couldresult in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.”The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A]New runways would be constructed.[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A]heightening the value of.[B]indicating the state of.[C]losing faith in.[D]doing harm to.23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.[B]The French measures have already failed.[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’character.[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]setting a high age threshold for models.25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.”It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.”Hill’s pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing“off-plan”building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.The idea that “housing crisis”equals “concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside____[A]didn’tstart till the Shakespearean age.[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.[C]is fully backed by the royal family.[D]is not well reflected in politics.27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being____[A]gradually destroyed.[B]effectively reinforced.[C]largely overshadowed.[D]properly protected.28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development.[B]The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan”building.[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference____[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of____[A]the size of population in Britain.[B]the political life in today’s Britain.[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain.Text 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Fiedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies –at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seen to influenced by a company’s record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher. Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A] tolerance[B] skepticism[C] uncertainty[D]approval32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company[Al winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.33.Theexpression "more lenient" (Line 2, Para. 4)is closestin meaning to[Al more effective.[B] less controversial.[C] less severe.[D] more lasting.34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record[Al has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C]increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph ?[Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B]Thenecessaryamount of companies'spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies' financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated.[D] Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.Text 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future “the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print .The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses .delivery truck -isn’t just expensive ;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competition don’t have the same set financial constraints . Readers are migrating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its print editor would be a mistake ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting of the print business, only if they go about doing it the right away “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them “he said, “but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway". Peretti gives example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as a blunder." he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the times? "l wouldn't pick year to end print."he said. “I would raise and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor. the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," peretti said. "Then increase it at rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the printedition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year —more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription."It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market.Change and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due[A]the high cost of operation.[B]the pressure form its investors.[C]the complaints form its readers[D]the increasing online ad asles.37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should[A]seek new sources of readership.[B]end the print edition for goog.[C]aim for efficitent management.[D]make strategic adiustments.38.It can inferred form Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product”[A]helps restore the glory of former times.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.[D]expands the popularity of the paper39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world,[A]legacy businesses are becoming outdated[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand[C]Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury Good[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in FashionPart BDirections:Reading the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A—G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41—45)，There are two extraSubheadings,Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Create a new image of yourself[B]Have confidence in yourself[C]Decide if the time is right[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Mark it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal orinformal theworkenvironment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This isespecially truein first impressions.According to researchfrom PrincetonUniversity, people assessyour competence,Trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solelybased ontheway you look.The different between today’sworkplace and the “dress for success”era is that the range of optionsis so muchbroader. Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.In some settings, red sneakers or dress T—shirts can conveystatus;inother not somuch. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social—media services like LinkedIn.Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than adecade or two lennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding.It can beconfusing.So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in anupgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals？Here are some tips:41.As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularlyhelpfulduring transitions—when looking for a new job , stepping into a new or morepublic role ,or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask forhonest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues andprofessionals .Look for cuesabout how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.42Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look ore “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)43Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audience? How do the people you respect and look up to prevent themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse of friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time discussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to opinions. Buy all your clothes once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut ormend a broken bone. Mental health can't be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don't understand the value of mental health and we don't know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud. it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem —confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives —the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It's a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles with kindness if they are in pain and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car. or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives. (49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice. We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.PartA52.Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words, providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use “LI Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the foiiowing pictures.in your essay,you should1) describe the pictures briefly,2) interpret the meaning,and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)答案：In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, as well as those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can decide on a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to arrange the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying into a good family. The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, but in the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and recite prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the union. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may live with them up to a year, until they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to obtain, but not common. Divorced persons are viewed with some disapproval. Each spouse retains whatever property he or she brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is divided equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice shows up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry while the woman must wait ten months.21.B physical beauty22.D doing harm to23.A New Standards24.C showing little25.A A Challenge26.D is not27.A gradually destroyed28.B The Conservatives29.D reveals30.D the town31.B skeptical32.A winning33.C less severe34.A has an impact35.B The necessary36.A the high37.D make strategic38.B is meant for39.C aggressiveness40.C Make your print41.Decide if the time is right42.Know your goals43.Understand the context44.Work with professionals45.Mark it efficient46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.我们不必学习如何保持健康的心理；它与生俱来，正如我们的身体知道如何让伤口痊愈，如何让骨折好转。
东北大学16春学期《大学英语(二)》在线作业2
16春学期《大学英语(二)》在线作业2完型填空阅读理解一、单选题（共 25 道试题，共 50 分。
）1.--How r you, o?--____________ T.. How r you?. I’m fin. Thnk you.. How o you o?. Ni to mt you.正确答案：2.--Woul you min my opning th winows?--_____.. Sorry, I wouln't. No, of ours not. It osn't mttr. Ys, pls正确答案：3.Thr us to hous_____ on th top of th mountin.. stning. stns. stoo. stn正确答案：4. Thy tri vrything thy oul o to prsu hr joining thm, ut in . . vin. us. ing. wst正确答案：5. Rnolph’s work ws xlusivly onrn_____ th ffts of pollution on hlth. . with. on. of. in正确答案：6. _____ , I suppos I’m frightn of filing.. In othr wy. In th wy. In wy. On th wy正确答案：7. ll th mmrs r trying to fin out who is rsponsil th int. . to. with. for. /正确答案：8. Hv thy i on th ______ of th nw uiling yt?. lotion. pl. rsin. r正确答案：9. Quit _____ of intrviws r going on.. numr. th numr. numr. th numrs正确答案：10.on't lt th hilrn _______ in th ring room.. shout. to shout. shouting. shout正确答案：11. I tol thm I ws ________ to hlp if thy sk.. intrst. willing. lik. fon正确答案：12.H si tht h woul go to Lonon ________..th nxt month. lst month. th month for. nxt month正确答案：13. If sh wnts to sty thin, sh must mk ______ in hr it.. hng. run. turn. go正确答案：14. I i not hv tim to finish ll th qustions in th xm. . goo. right. /. qut正确答案：15.--Thnks for your hlp.--____________.. My plsur.. Nvr min.. Quit right.. on’t thnk m.正确答案：16.H lrn how to us sign lngug to ________ with f ustomrs..ontt.tlk.touh.ommunit正确答案：17.-Why not go to s th olphin show with m? --us I ________it.. sw. will s. s. hv sn正确答案：18. Th shrw politiin ______ his sph to suit th intrsts of th uin.. opts. rlts. pts. onnts正确答案：19.Tom si to th gusts, "Hlp ________ to som mt.". youslf. youslvs. yourslf. yourslvs正确答案：20.I'm sorry to hv kpt you ________ for long tim.. wit. to wit. witing. to witing正确答案：21. Th musum hs som nw _____from Ini.. xhiition. xhiitions. xhiits. xhiit正确答案：22.--__________ w mk it hlf pst svn?--Wht out _______ it littl rlir?.Shll,mking. Shll,to mk. Will,mking. Will, to mk正确答案：23. Wht is th orrt _____for otining rfun?. prour. stps. prours. stp正确答案：24. oth th kis n thir prnts ______ nglish, I think. I know it from thir nt.. is. n. ws. r正确答案：25. You shouln’t ______ your tim lik tht, o; you hv to finish your shool work tonight. . ut. o.kill. kik正确答案：16春学期《大学英语(二)》在线作业2完型填空阅读理解二、完型填空（共 2 道试题，共 30 分。