初中英语专项讲解练习-首字母阅读填空(轻轻教学讲义).doc

讲义基本信息

知识点首字母阅读填空

1 熟练掌握首字母阅读填空的技巧

2 通过首字母阅读填空的训练，总结归纳解题方法，培养学生举一反三的能力

1 所填词在语法和语义上正确

2 符合短文内容与情景的需要

首字母阅读填空的做题步骤

1.跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。

2.复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。

A.)利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义。首字母和汉语既是提示又是限制。必须注意词形的变化，包括名词的单复数、动词的时态、形容词和副词的比较级（最高级）等。

B.)再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。

3.通读短文，检查答案。

4 词形的变换

名词：单复数形式,所有格的用法

动词：时态语态的变化

形容词、副词：比较等级的用法

代词：单复数人称代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、不定代词等的用法连词：并列与从属连词的用法

Step1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。

(1) 对主语的判断

1. _______ are helpful to students. ( teach )

2. _______ is more important to me than money. ( healthy )

3. Some famous _______ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science)

4. _______ is my favorite sport. ( fish )

5. _______ stamps is my hobby. ( collect )

Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting 分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词(1-3);动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词(4-5)。此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。

例如：

The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。

What I wanted was just your help. 句中What I wanted是一个带有连词what的句子，因此也可以作主语。

(2) 对谓语的判断

John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,” she a_____ , “Is your father at home?”“Yes,” a_______ John. The woman b________ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_____ back to John and s______ angrily, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?”“I did”, answered John, “but this i_______ my house.”

Key: came asked answered began turned said say isn’t

分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练

掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。如果是动词的适当形式，动词需要改成 doing 或 done 的形式。简单的说，doing表示主动、进行；done表示被动、完成。比如He sat there,saying to himself.学生往往容易写成said，此处是表示伴随，作状语。再如，...was seen as.../be reguarded as...被看作,be allowed to do 被允许做.

平时练习和周练中，我经常让学生做些“用动词的适当形式填空”练习，有助于对动词形式的判断。

(3) 对宾语的判断

1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast ________ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop )

2. The front is in great need of medical _____.( work )

3. Thank you for your _______. ( kind )

4. At last he sold his ______. ( invent )

Key: 1. development 2. workers 3. kindness 4. invention(s)

分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，单是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。

(4) 对表语的判断

1. It is ______ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible)

2. The sick man is getting ______. ( ill )

3. Patrick is going to be a(n) ______ when he grows up.(engine)

4. Such cold weather is quite _____ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. ( usually )

5. It’s a ______ to have a picnic with all the members. (please )

Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure

分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。

(5) 对定语的判断

1. The _______ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally)

2. On a _____ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly)