明祖陵英文导游词(中英对照翻译)
定陵
导游词：明十三陵3英文(仅供参考)题三：定陵(明神宗朱翊钧;朱翊钧的皇后;定陵考古发掘的过程;定陵地宫布局及陈设;金井;定陵出土文物)Dingling is the tomb of the 13th emperor of the Ming dynasty zhuyijun and his two empresses. Zhuyijun died in 1620 at the age of 58. When he was 6 years old, he was chosen to the crown prince and ascended the throne at the age of 10. He ruled china for 48 years, the longest ruling period of all of the 16 emperors in the Ming dynasty. The only contribution this emperor made was to support Korea against Japanese aggressors, and finally the Japanese aggressors were driven out of Korea.In 1620, when emperor zhuyijun died, he was buried together with his two wives, empress xiaoduan and xiaojing. The first wife Empress Xiaoduan had no son, she died only several months before his death and she was entitled to share the tomb with the emperor. The second wife Empress Xiaojing, who gave birth to a son of the emperor died in 1612, eight years before the emperor’s death and was buried only as an imperial concubine in a nearby tomb. However, the son of the second wife succeeded the throne but died within a month after his succession. He left the throne to his son. After the grandson became the emperor, he decided to promote his grandmother to the rank Empress Dowager so that she could share the To mb with Emperor Wanli. That’s why Emperor Wanli shared his tomb with two wives.Ding ling is the only one of the 13 ming tombs excavated so far. In 1955, a decision was made by the Chinese government to open the ming tombs. According to the original plan, the tomb of chang ling should be first excavated. However, because of the lack of experience, adecision was made to open up a smaller one first. In 1956, an archaeological team found some decayed bricks at the surrounding wall out side the soul tower showing that there had been an archway. It was believed that the tomb tunnel to the underground palace. Later, traces of words like, “the gate of leading tunnel” were found on the wall. That was the starting point, and then the archaeological workers began to dig the first exploration trench. Two months later, they found a narrow brick wall tunnel. From here, they dug another tunnel. After they opened the second tunnel, a stone tablet was uncovered the second tunnel, an inscription with the words: from this stone 160 feet further and 35 feet to the diamond wall, it indicated the sealing wall of the underground palace. So they got a very important clue from this stone for the further excavation of the underground tomb. Then they found a third tunnel and finally found the diamond wall, the entrance of the underground palace. The excavation work was completed in 1958.The under ground palace is 27 meters deep. It consists of 5 chambers: the antechamber, the central chamber, the rear chamber and two annex chambers.The rear chamber is the main chamber and the largest one in the underground palace. There is a coffin-platform in the center with 3coffins placed on it. The middle one is the coffin of emperor wanli. The coffin of his first wife is on the left and the one of his second wife is on the right. There are also 26 red wooden boxes, containing the precious funeral objects, placed on thecoffin-platform on both sides of the three coffins. Each coffin is surrounded by some large pieces of uncut jade stone because the ancient people believed that jade could preserve the dead body and prevent decay. A square hole, in the center of the coffin-platform is called gold-well. It was fiiled with yellow clay just to show the sacred connection between the coffin and the earth.To bury the dead at the gold-well and among jade pieces was considered the highest burial inancient China; so it’s called golden well and jade burial. Unfortunately, the original three coffins and the wooden boxes have already decayed, so the present ones are all reproductions.In the middle chamber there are three marble thrones placed inside for emperor wanli and his two empresses. Originally, the three marble thrones were placed in a triangular pattern, but now they are placed in the same middle line. In front of each throne is placed a set of five glazed pottery altarpieces, consisting of an incense burner in the middle, two candlesticks and two beakers on both sides. In front of each set of five glazed pottery altarpieces, there is ablue-and-white porcelain jar with clouds and dragon designs it is called “ever lasting lamp”.The left and right annex chambers are the same in size and in pattern. Each contains acoffin-platform with a gold-well in the middle, but without any coffin on it.Now, dingling is a museum with the underground palace and two expedition rooms. Totally there are more than 3000pieces of precious objects from dingling. The most famous are: gold crown, phoenix crown, gold ingots and silver ingots and funeral objects and wooden figurines.。
南京明孝陵导游词英文
南京明孝陵导游词英文篇二:南京明孝陵导游词英文Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming DynastyHello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 2003, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”.Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor” for his miserable childhood.Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his familymembers died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he was sent out to beg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He was quickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals。
2013年导游资格考试英语导游词：XiaoLingTombofTheMingDynasty1
Xiaoling Tomb, or the tomb of filial piety, built 600 years ago, is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuan zhang , the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Lying at the southern foot of the Purple Mountain ,the tomb¡¡complex is one of the largest ancient mausoleums of the emperors in china.Zhu Yuanzhang began to have his tomb built in 1381 when his wife Empress Ma died. The empress was buried in the tomb in 1383.But Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang died in 1398 and was buried here in the same year. But the construction of the mausoleum lasted 38 years or more till 1431 when ¡®the Stele if Sacred Neruts and Virtues of Great Ming¡¯ Filial Tomb¡¯ was erected.The mausoleum consists of two major sections. The first section is from the Gateway of Dismounting Horse to the Lingxing Gate at the end of Sacred Way(tomb avenue), of which the approach is 1800 meters long. The second part is the tomb itself. Historical records indicate the mausoleum had a grand red wall, 22.5 kilometers long, enclosing the whole tomb area. The tomb compel was very large with many splendid buildings. 100000 pines were planted and 1000 deer rose in the park of mausoleum. Unfortunately, this large group of buildings was ruined by the wars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the war in which by the Qing Dynasty army. All the wooden structures were destroyed. However we can still see the exquisite stone carvings from the stone bases and imagine how magnificent it looked like 600 years ago.The tomb gate known as grand golden gate was a traditional architecture and connected with the red wall. The gateway of Dismounting Horse locates about 750 meters south from here. This shows the absolute dignity of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang at that time. To the east of the gateway, there are two tablets: the holy Mountain Tablet and the Tablet of Mountain Forbidden Regulations decreeing the entrance of the ordinary people into the holy area was to be severely punished. The royal court dispatched troops here to atand as guards at the mausoleum in the years. That is why the site has been called Xiaolingwei meaning the Town of Filial guard.Northwards from the great golden gate, a huge roofless stone tablet pavilion can be seen ,it is the Square Castle, as local people call it . Its top is gone but the surrounding walls and four archways still remain. In the middle of the building ,there stands and 8.78 meters high stele called :The Stele of Sacred Merits and Virtues of Great Ming¡¯s Filial Tomb. It was built in 1413 by the third emperor ,Zhu yuanzhang ¡®s fourth son. The stele is inscribed altogether with 2746 Chinese characters in praise of the merits and virtues of Emperor Zhu yuanzhang .The sacred way is lined on both sides with 12 pairs of giant stone animals in 6 kinds. For each kind of the animals, there are one pair standingand the other kneeling. The standing pair is working and the kneeling resting and they are on duty alternately. The real purpose of building these animals is to demonstrate the royal magnificence and the emperor¡¯s dignity, to drive away evil spirits and guard the tomb. The first 2 pairs of animals are lions, king of the beasts symbolizing power. The second 2 pairs of animals are called Bixie, a unicorn-shaped mythical animal, said to e clever and capable of distinguishing between good and evil. The following pairs of animals include camels, elephants, Kylins or Chinese unicorns and horses. The camel is known as boat in the desert and symbol of prosperity. Each elephant , which is the largest and heaviest sculpture, weighs 80 tons and symbolizes peace. The kylin represents good luck as well as horse loyalty.。
明十三陵明显陵(英文版)
History
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8th 明孝宗－弘治皇帝－朱佑樘
9th 明武宗－正德皇帝－朱厚照 靖皇帝－朱厚骢
• The host of tomb, Zhu Youyuan was the fourth son of Chenghua emperor and raised to Xingxian seignior in 1487.He died in 1519 and was buried on Songlin mountain, the later Chunde mountain. • Three years later, his son succeeded to the throne, known as JIajing emperor and at the same year he bestows an honorific posthumous title, Xingxian emperor on his father. Simultaneously, he turned the mausoleum into the formation of an emperor.
?itoccupiesanareaof18313hectaresandhasaperimeterof3600metersinallanditconsistsofmorethan30splendidarchitecturalcomplexesaroundmountainsandrivers明世宗嘉靖皇帝朱厚骢history?9th明武宗正德皇帝朱厚照8th明孝宗弘治皇帝朱佑樘10th明世宗嘉靖皇帝朱厚骢7th明宪宗成化皇帝朱见深?thehostoftombzhuyouyuanwasthefourthsonofchenghuaemperorandraisedtoxingxianseigniorin1487hediedin1519andwasburiedonsonglinmountainthelaterchundemountain
南京明孝陵英语作文
南京明孝陵英语作文Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Nanjing, China. This imperial tomb complex is the final resting place of the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, and his Empress Ma in the Ming Dynasty, which is surrounded by natural beauty and historical significance. 明孝陵是位于中国南京的联合国教科文组织世界遗产，这个帝王陵墓复杂是明朝第一位皇帝朱元璋和他的皇后的最后安息之地,其环绕自然之美和历史意义使它非常有名。
The mausoleum complex is known for its beautiful architecture, intricate carvings, and serene atmosphere, which attract thousands of visitors each year. Its grandeur and historical importance make it an important cultural and historical landmark, reflecting the grandeur and elegance of the Ming Dynasty. 这座陵墓复杂以其美丽的建筑、精美的雕刻和宁静的氛围而闻名,每年吸引了成千上万的游客,其庄严和历史重要性使它成为一个重要的文化历史标志,反映了明朝的宏伟和优雅。
From an architectural perspective, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum exemplifies the traditional Chinese architectural style, showcasingintricate and magnificent structures such as the Sacred Way, the Elephant Road, and the main tomb structure. These architectural marvels not only reflect the artistic achievements of the time but also serve as a testament to the grandeur and power of the Ming Dynasty. 从建筑的角度看，明孝陵展示了传统的中国建筑风格,包括神道、大象路和主墓建筑等复杂而宏伟的建筑结构,这些建筑奇迹不仅反映了当时的艺术成就,而且也见证了明朝的宏伟和力量。
南京明孝陵英文导游词
( 英文导游词)姓名：____________________单位：____________________日期：____________________编号：YB-BH-028119南京明孝陵英文导游词English tour guide to Nanjing Ming Xiaoling南京明孝陵英文导游词南京明孝陵导游词英文Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the queen Zhu Yuanjin Ma burial tomb, which is located in the southern foot of the purple mountain long Fu play in Mount Everest, Nanjing is the largest and one of the best preserved imperial tombs.So far more than 600 years of history.The emperors in ancient China chose the site of the mausoleum very carefully, and paid special attention to choosing the land of "Ji Di", that is, the place of geomantic omen.Every time I go out the site, in addition to sending one or two court officials, but also absorb the knowledge of geography, will see the alchemist in Feng shui.After selecting the mausoleum, the emperor had to examine the scene himself and was satisfied with it and was finally finalized.Soon after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he was concerned about the "paradise" after his death, and began to plan the construction of the mausoleum.It is said that he has called Liu Bowen, Xu Da, Tang He, and other ministers todiscuss site selection.Five people agreed to write their respective best burial sites on paper and then open them at the same time.The results are written, Great minds think alike., Dulong Fu Mount Everest ".So the site of the tomb of Zhu Yuanjin was thus fixed.Dulong Fu is a hill located beneath the Zijin Mountain peak, 150 meters high, about 400 meters in diameter, is like a huge natural grave.Chinese feudal emperor often put themselves as sons of the heaven, to build the tomb in Dulong Fu, is in line with the requirements of the feudal superstition.Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Yu Wu nine years (1376) began to build, build competent mausoleum engineering enterprises is "Dudu Fu Li xin.At that time, a large number of migrant workers were employed, and dozens of temples were left behind by their predecessors.Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, Buddhism has been widely spread in China. The emperor of Wu even regards Buddhism as a national religion, so the temples in Nanjing are numerous.In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were more than 300 Buddhist temples, nearly 500 in the Southern Dynasties, and 100 thousand monks.His poetry in the Tang Dynasty: "in the four hundred and eighty temple, how many loutai yanyu."It was the portrayal of the flourishing Buddhist temples in Nanjing.In addition to moving to the temple, even moved a lot of previous tombs.But when moving to the Three Kingdoms, the tomb of Sun Quan (now on Mount Mei Shan in Nanjing), Zhu Yuanjin said, "SunQuan is a true man, keeping him as a gatekeeper."."It was not removed.Hongwu fifteen years (1382), the first phase of the project completed, coincided with the empress Ma's death, Zhu Yuanjin held a grand funeral for her, and the coffin burial tomb, called her "Xiaoci Queen", which is also the name of the tomb.In 1383, the main project of the tomb built hall.In 1392, the crown prince ZhuBiao died and was buried in the tomb of the East, called dongling.Hongwu thirty-one years (1398) built "Ming Tomb magic holiness monument", the construction of the mausoleum engineering ended, the project took 23 years.Before the death of Zhu Yuanjin, had left a testament; "funeral to frugality, no Jin, change because of the tomb and the world, three subjects are released, as marriage."This is obviously Zhu Yuanzhang's trick of buying people's hearts.The whole Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum building, Xiaolingwei East, South to West Fang Weigang dismount, the walls of the city, north of Longgang only halfway up the mountain, a radius of more than 20 km, is a grand scale.In the long 23 years of construction, depletion of the flesh and blood of the people.At that time, there were ten thousand trees planted in the tomb area, thousands of deer kept and 5700 guards.Its wide range, large scale, before the Ming Dynasty is rare.But Zhu Yuanjin was buried, there are 40 concubines to bury, in which 2 people were buried in the tomb of the East and west sides, 38 people from the buried in the tomb.This China exposed the feudal ruling class was cruel, they notonly to enjoy the splendor rich, after death still "death", the burial, at the people life.南京明孝陵导游词英文Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming DynastyHello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 20xx, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”.Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor”for his miserable childhood.Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his family members died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he was sent out tobeg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He was quickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals可以在这输入你的名字You Can Enter Your Name Here.。
明十三陵英文导游词
十三陵的英文导游词---不是一般的费劲THE MING TOMBSThe Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southern slopes of TianshouMountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynasty emperors. In July 2003 the site was designated a world cultural heritage site by UNESCO.Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sentZhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----Liao Junqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place for the tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of Tu Jia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldn't be used as the burial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping. However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig and because a village named 'wolf mouth ravine' was located there, they decided against using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again, since 'Yanjia' was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemed unsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finally chose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east, west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of its southern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in the manner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front and living quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes,stone archways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs, are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines,princes, princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwen and Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital in present dayNanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is called Xiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Some said that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple and became a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elder brother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in the Tumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother of Zhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen was back and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbol of the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 arches supported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons and lotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stone arch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and cloud decorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it also demonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is more commonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch en-trances to the gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stone tablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people to dismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they would be punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the Ming Dynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood and break twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would be beheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged a hundred times.The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and stands about 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in themiddle of the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong for Chengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detail the conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On the east side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qing government. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It was written in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall of the Ming Dynasty.On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36 in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars are stone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Lin horses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other two kneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials and officials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues were made in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when he was alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals and statues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons and each was delicately and masterfully carved.Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and Phoenix Gate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six door leaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the three archways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as the Flame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays a seven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of the seven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site of the seven-arch bridge.Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwise known as theSacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the Big Palace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and Ling Xing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north, all the way to the Gate of Changling.Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in the Ming Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and his empress Xu.Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the first Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of the prince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping. After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used the pretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead an army expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year of Jianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of Ancestral Worship in Nanjing.Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in the Ming Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out to battle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took over his nephew's power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughout the country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the important decision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificent developments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy.In terms of culture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao and others to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest book ever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade, Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold, silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia andAfrica seven times in the early years of Yongle.Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. Empress Xushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers of the Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles of internal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate people's minds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tomb area.The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among the thirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient China's wooden structures. It is nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China.The roof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered with yellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middle four in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over one meter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east footof Dayu Mountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his two empresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing.Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of the Ming Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziest emperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9. After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. At this time, various aspects of society gained development.Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed state affairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb site when he went to pay homage to the ancestors' tombs. He spent eight million taels of silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tomb Dingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspect it, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grand banquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, he did not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The state organ was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generations commented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid of Wanli's mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That son was the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 years earlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, around the east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred the title of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the Underground Palace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduan on the same day.Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could not give birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died of illness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too.Empress Xiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in the Underground Palace.The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called the wordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a pattern of sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). It is said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excluding Changling, all the tablets are wordless.Originally there were no tablet houses in front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first six tombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking, lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention on the inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping with this tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of Eminent Favor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment. It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificial rites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they were destroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after the excavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail the history of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. The exhibitionrooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In the south room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthed fromthe Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificial items of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is a stone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and the Pre-cious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Tower is the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of the yellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinese characters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on top of another stone tablet, there are two big characters----'the Great Ming' written in seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----'Tomb of Emperor Shenzong Xian' are carved.The Soul Tower is connected with the Precious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks. The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upper part is thin. The round wall's perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wall is a large artificial mound, the emperor's tomb mound, known as Precious Top.Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation work started in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discovered an exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel of Dingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. At the bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three months later, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, they dug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tablet which inscribed the words ' from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies the precious wall'. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up the Underground Palace.According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the third tunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thus they opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of the room, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank to remove the ' self-acting' stone bar, which was against the back of the door. With this method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles of geomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by seven marble doors. TheUnderground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of 1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in be-tween the front, middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is 3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it is reasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle, so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made of bronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent thedoor from falling. Carved on the front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals with rings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is a protruding section that holds the door's 'self-acting' stone bar.The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. The floor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks are smooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. There are no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber, there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known as the precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazed offerings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Year's style with a cloud-and-dragon design.It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally there was sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with a wick inside. It is called the 'everlasting lamp'. Due to the lack of oxygen, the light went out so the oil had not been used all.The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31 meters long, 9.lmeters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In the rear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on the platform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26 vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filled with soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside the coffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being ' buried with jade. ' Ancient people believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the body from decay for a long time. Being 'buried with jade' on a Gold Well was the highest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.Originally the empress's coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber. Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as the emperor's? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July Emperor Wanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after his succession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died in succession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojing's coffin to Dingling. All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor Zhu Youjian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearly recorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived before the funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress' annex chamber may not have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses all entered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffins entered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers were narrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had to put all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for today is completed. I hope you have found our time together informative andenjoyable. We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at 4:00pm. Thank you.。
介绍明孝陵英语作文
介绍明孝陵英语作文English: Ming Xiaoling is the tomb of the Hongwu Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, and his empress, Ma. Located at the southern foot of Purple Mountain in Nanjing, China, Ming Xiaoling is considered one of the best-preserved and largest imperial tombs in the country. The tomb was built between 1381 and 1405 during the Ming Dynasty, characterized by its grand architecture and beautiful surroundings. The Sacred Way leading up to the tomb is lined with stone statues of mythical animals and civil officials, creating a majestic and solemn atmosphere. Inside the tomb complex, visitors can explore the main buildings, such as the Gate of Eminent Favor, the Tablet Pavilion, and the Hall of Eminent Favor, all of which showcase exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance. Ming Xiaoling not only serves as a prominent historical site but also reflects the traditional Chinese belief in honoring and commemorating the deceased ancestors.Translated content: 明孝陵是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋和皇后马氏的陵墓，位于中国南京紫金山南麓，被认为是全国保存最完好、规模最大的皇家陵墓之一。
南京明孝陵英语导游词
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明孝陵英文导游词Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty
Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty(Today we will visit Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty, which was adopted as the Worlds Cultural Heritage in 2003)Xiaoling Tomb is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty 600 years ago. The construction of the mausoleum started in 1381, and was completed in 1413 when “the Tablet of Great Merits of the Ming Tomb of the Great Ming Dynasty” was erected.Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang was born in a peasant family of Anhui Province in 1328. He lost his parents in his childhood and became a monk at Huangjue Temple. In 1352 he joined the Red Turban Army and became commanding general later. In 1368, he established his empire and made Nanjing the capital with a name of Ming for his dynasty. In 1398, he died and was buried here in the Xiaoling.The mausoleum consists of two major sections. The front section starts from”The Gateway of Dismounting Horses”at the Falial Guard to the Lingxing Gate at the end of Sacred Way. The whole approach is 1800 meters long. The Gateway of Dismounting Horse is engraved with 6 Chinese characters for warning worshipers, meaning”All the officials must dismount from the horse back here”.Go 700 meters northwest from the gateway, we can see a three-arched gate. It is known as the the Great Golden Gate, which is the front gate of the mausoleum, connecting with the red enclosure walls.Go through the Grand Golden Gate is a roofless pavilion, which is called Square City. In the middle of the pavilion there stands a huge stone tablet, which is 8.78m high with 2,746 characters carved on it. This is” the Tablet of Great Merits of the Ming Tomb of the Great Ming Dynasty”. The characters were written by Zhu Di, the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty.Go out of the Square City, we’ll come to the first section of the Sacred Way. The Sacred Way is divided into two sections. The front section is flanked by 12 pairs of stone animals in 6 kinds: each kind of the animals has 2 pairs, one standing and one kneeling. The animals are arranged in proper order: lions, Xiezhi, camels, elephants, unicorns and horses.Go straight a little bit forward, we can see two pillars, from where the sacred way makes a right turn. Here, we are at the second section of the Sacred Way, which is flanked by 4 pairs of stone Weng Zhongs: 2 pairs of generals and 2 pairs of officials.At the right of this path, we can see a small hill planted with thousands of plum trees. It is the Plum-Blossom Hill, which is Sun Quan’s tomb. The Hill is now a wonderful site for local people to appreciate plum blossom in spring when the trees are blooming.At the end of the Sacred Way, there is a gate named Lingxing Gate with three arches. It is alsocalled Dragon& Phoenix Gate. The rear section of the mausoleum starts from Lingxing Gate to the Citadel of Treasure and the Tomb Mound.About 270 meters away northeast of the Lingxing Gate there’s a stone bridge spanning over a small stream, which is called the Golden Water Bridge,. About 200 meters north of the bridge is the front gate of the tomb. At the right of the gate there is a tablet stone, which is inscribed with “The Special Notice” in 6 foreign languages to call for attention to protect the tomb. The tablet was established by Qing government.Inside the gate is a tablet pavilion, which is the entrance hall of the tomb. In this pavilion, there’s a tablet inscribed with “The Stele of Administrating the country as prosperous as the Tang and Song Dynasties”. The inscription was written by Kangxi, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty when he was paying his homage to the entombed emperor during his third inspection tour to the area in 1699.Go out of the pavilion, we’ll come to the site of the Sacrificial Hall. The original hall was very large and was used to enshrine Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and his empress. The hall was destroyed in the war yet its 56 stone column bases are still there.Continue the visit towards north across a big stone bridge, we can see “The Citadel of Treasures and the Tomb Mound”. The Citadel of Treasures is the site of graveyard and the Tomb Mound is the tomb itself. The citadel is 39 meters long from west to east and 18 meters wide from north to south. Climb up 54 steps, coming into our view is the Tomb Mound, which is half circled by a stone wall. In the middle of the wall there are 7 Chinese characters, meaning” The hill is the very tomb of the Ming’s founding Emperor”. The tomb is covered by a large mound-400 meters in diameter. Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and his empress are entombed in the underground. For the technical reasons of preservation, the tomb has not been excavated.。
介绍明孝陵英语作文
介绍明孝陵英语作文Title: Introduction to the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleumestled amidst the picturesque Purple Mountain in Nanjing, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum stands as a magnificent testament to the grandeur of the Ming Dynasty.Constructed in the 14th century, this UNESCO World Heritage site is the final resting place of Emperor Hongwu, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, and his Empress Ma.The mausoleum complex, with its stunning architecture and profound historical significance, attracts visitors from far and wide.标题：紫金山下的宏伟——明孝陵简介明孝陵，位于南京紫金山的怀抱之中，是明朝辉煌的见证。
这座始建于14世纪的联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产，是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋及其皇后马氏的长眠之地。
明孝陵的建筑群宏伟壮丽，历史意义深远，吸引了无数游客前来参观。
The mausoleum"s entrance is marked by a grand gateway, the Dragon and Phoenix Gate, which symbolizes the imperial power and harmony.As one ventures further, the highlight of the complex, the Spirit Way, stretches for about a mile.Lined with pairs of stone animals and officials, this path leads to the main tomb area, creating an atmosphere of尊严and tranquility.陵园入口处有一座宏伟的龙凤门，象征着皇权的威严与和谐。
明孝陵英文导游词1
明孝陵英文导游词1明孝陵英文导游词Will tourists Nanjing : The ancient continents, said dynasty in Nanjing have left a large number of monuments and sites.Now we are going to visit and tour is stopped.[Ming location-through site-construction process -- Ming-Ming Zhu Yuanliangfounding emperor and empress Markov's tombstone.It is located at the south of independence Zijinshan playing Lung Fu Feng, Nanjing is the largest and bestking.It has been 600 years of history.Chinese emperors of the preserved intact tomb of aMausoleum of choice very carefully, with special emphasis on choice, the Kyrgyz soil , that is, upon the wheels.At each site, in addition to sending a court, officials goods, but also to absorb proficient in geography, the alchemist fengshui will participate.To select Mausoleum, the emperor must personally examine the scene, satisfied by an finalized.Soon after the emperor ascended the throne, it is concerned about the death of paradise, started planning the construction tomb.It was reported that he had also been passed down, Da, Chang Yu, Tang and other ministers convened to discuss the site.Five agreed to extend their tomb site is written on paper is the best choice, and then publicly., A case of great minds thinking alike, the words independence playing Lung Fu Feng. Therefore, Zhu Yuanliang-grave site of the tomb of this set onthe ground.Independence is a long mound is located under a small hill of Mount Zijin Mountain, 150 meters high, has a diameter of about 400 meters.For example, a huge natural cemetery.China's feudal emperor often than for their own true sons of the dragon, Lung Fu Ling in the CIS, which is very much consistent with the requirements of feudal superstition.Stopped in the 24th nine years (1376) is built for the Chinese military said Ling Li Gubernatorial enterprises.At that time, spend a lot of workers, moved out of our predecessors left dozens of temples.Since the invasion, the Southern Dynasties, the spread of Buddhism in China has been widely, Liangdi Emperor even Buddhism as state religion.So Nanjing temples skyscrapers.Jin Dynasty, more than 300 Buddhist temples and Southern Dynasties to nearly 500, Monk10 million people.Perhaps the Tang Dynasty poem : Southern Dynasties 480 monks, with the words. It is a portrayal of what happened in Nanking temple flourished.Apart from the relocation Temple, and even moved out of the tombs of many predecessors.However, the three countries have to be relocated at the tomb of Sun Quan (Meihuashan on this Nanjing), Zhu Yuanliang-a remark : Sun Quan is a man who wears his concierge. will not be relocated.24th 15 (1382), after the pletion of the first phase of the project, coincided with the death of the Empress Ma,Zhu Yuanliang-held a grand funeral for her, and were buried in the grave of his Doscordance closed her made its Queen. Hence the name from the grave.1383, Xiaoling of the main mosque is built.1392, the crown prince, Zhu superscript death, buried in East Xiaoling called Dongling.24th 1942 (1398) into amajor milestone in the virtues and the group stopped, the whole building Mausoleum before the end.The project took 23 years.Zhu Yuanliang-dying, had left Yiming; Funeral from one-to-jian, not 0800, because it no Xiaoling landscape changedrelease of three subjects are serving the world, harmless and funerals. This was obviously the emperor to buy people's minds.Its construction stopped, East Xiaolingwei south Wei-gang Mafangying under Western Wall where she arrived in the north independence Longgang just getting half way up the mountain.more than 20 kilometers in circumference, is a magnificent scale.In the long 23 years of construction, the flesh and blood of depletion.Then planting amillion trees tombarea, Deer able to slaughter thousands of sending as many as 5,700 people by the guards.Due to the wide scope and scale, in the Ming Dynasty used to be rare.Moreover, Zhu Yuanliang-burial, the Commissioner says 40 victims, two of whom were buried in Xiaoling East and the West on both sides, 38 from reburied Xiaoling.This exposed the cruel feudal ruling class, they not only served to enjoy the splendor and rich,death still grave Jewish students, implementing this practice, at people's lives.[Ming architectural guide :Mafangying under-Jinmen-god action Sandelin milestone-the four Shinto Yuhe-Shek as-a-table - Ong Ming Road -- can be divided into the construction of Shinto and guide the construction of the main building of two majorcemetery.Imperial Mausoleum tourists entering the region : you first see this stone arch called the Mafangying This is the first constructionstopped.It is engraved on the stone, an official from the aborted unartistic six characters.The civilian and military officials here have dropped in class, to show respect.This is seen by the eyes of Damafanghe under the 1984 rehabilitation.Please, everyone, look, this is the main -- the big island Ming, Huang Zhong Yan level, red walls Weir slug to the eastern border, the extraordinary momentum.Choice is the big island north of 70 meters, monly called Tales. Choice is a square building, four doors have a coupon.Kiosk in the virtues stopped miracle milestone , and praised his father carved 明 Premier Zhu Yuanliang-legal Merit in the text.Up to 2,746 full - and every word fist size.Its landmark by Beizuo, striking monument with hats into three parts, is a huge carved animals Beizuo, 2.08 meters high,The ancients called the 赑屃 is a myths and legends of the animals, said special could carry heavy estone in the whole high-8.78 meters, Nanjing is the largest piece of Old Stone Tablet.Yuhe bridge over the tourists : you, pack to the west is the grave of Shinto.Shinto is divided into two paragraphs : the first paragraph of things to name as Shi Road, a tall stone as a result of a road named.Shi as 615 meters long road, the road on both sides of 12 minutes six Shishou a total of 24, only four of each, the two squatting stand.arranged a lion from east to west, XIE Zhi, camels, like, Kirin and race.These Shishou for each message : the lion king, showed the emperor's authority, it is a symbol of imperial power.Town also play the role of evil spirits and demons; XIE Zhi god sheep , the last frame, a lion-headed, young Mao and natures righteous, and theability to differentiate between right and wrong.Similar management officials at the Criminal legend Monarch Shun groomed XIE Zhi, in the event they struggle, it could conflict with unreasonable guilt angle,On instructions from it for posterity just a sacred animal, the emperor is down here used to flaunt the clever emperor;Camel symbol of the desert and tropical, vast territory, said Ming emperors Granville Township Quartet; Elephant is the beast which has lost its character Wenliang,The lid is those people meant, and its four legs were strong, firm, the firm said national domain;Kirin is the legendary Four Souls (CHU, a phoenix and the tortoise, Long) first, it is put scales, perform grass.eating animal biological Hui-hsiung is called Yee, a female named Lin, symbolizing the upright gentleman and good luck, bright; Ma,emperors in ancient times was fought, the important reunified under the limousine, often on the battlefield in the war-ridden worked hard,It is arrive wisdom 1400 capability, pioneers in the spirit of sacrifice and dedication to the noble character of all ages are fond of the feudal rulers.Xiao Shinto six Shishou, in the image of the largest, weighing 80 tons, based in Jiangsu Dalian Hill.Shishou arrived in time to be stopped in winter, watering Jiechengbing road, and then thick bamboo, wooden roller.Along witheveryone pushing for the pletion of the transport roller approach to the task.Shishou do, to the north Shinto pack.This is a Shinto roots from the look-Star played only door, 250 meters long, monly known as Tsun Road.Now we see this huge circle, marked with Beaulieuornamentation, which is China Table.YOUNG table usually used in ancient tombs, palaces, a symbol of court ritual.In fact, the original-and weare now seeing the same table, it is a bat poles,Later in the evolution of short installed near the top of the old days or wooden poles, or Chodo put it up on the roads.admonishing people to write, or play therole of intellectual table.This table is also called counter-table, as a distance, like a flower, which is linked to the ancient times spent with China, known as China table.China established the tomb of the Warring States began when King Yanzhaotable, the Western has been very popular, but also are wooden.Table with columns for China until the Eastern Han prevailing before the Eastern Han, the pillar around melon Rhombus stripescolumn also that the words a certain Shinto official message.Liang behalf of the Southern Dynasties, stone pillars and the top covered by a lotus-profile bines elements of small houses.Tang's stone columns, columns, columns, capitals, Carving a beautiful profile.Song Ling setup columns are engraved with the Dragon.Because of the religious influences, has gradually evolved into top-disclosed site for the Pillar and stand above 犼 days.Foreign-table on the first 犼 expressed hope Gui; Table 犼 the head pointing towards China, expressed the wish-out.As 犼 look good, where squat stone 犼-up table called the Pillar column. I do not know if you are not. Heart stopped from changing the date of this table to China, from south to north.unlike other REMAINED linear arrangement.Sun Quan said it is intended to circumvent tomb, pliance-not relocating Sun LingZhu Yuanliang, let him guard the door-to Zhu Yuanliang promiseShinto was why the meniscus-shaped ring Meihuashan cherish.Every spring around the hills of Plum beautiful, like a Hornsey sea. Over China, and it arranged from south to north with the eight sculptures, four Wen, the four generals.They also called Ong Shi people, this section is known as Tsun Road.Weng said the incident was an emperor Hercules, named Nguyen Ong, who is Ancient goes, than bravery million.Lintao have served (today in Minxian County, Gansu Province), the town Huns meritorious service.After the death of the emperor to mark him, they cast a bronze statue of Nguyen Ong, the race outside the legislature in Xianyang lawsuit.Xiongnu people Xianyang far to see this statue, fear not close.Since then, it put the statue, a statute monly known as Ong. With a whole piece of stone are many from all these Ong, Wen wearing inevitable, dignified silence; Put on a suit of armor and soldiers wearing helmets and magnificence.Shishou Shirengou the same as those in front of the Ming Dynasty and the art of stone carving.[Ming main building :Jin Chiang Bomon the four-milestone Temple-Xiaoling Temple-side city-Ming-three finish Baodinggou Lane -- Shinto,The tour guide stopped building will be finished.Before you told me back then invited to visit the Tombs of the main building.First, we went to the dozens, hundreds of three-hole stone bridge deck with railings.Those from the side until the city Baodinggou, is the direction of North-South Building by symmetry axisconfiguration.Those 200 meters from the north, and on the downslope, which was stopped at the main entrance of the main building, namedChiang Bomon.Green stone tablets containing a side door, 1.99 meters wide,1.07 meters high, incised run the Ming three Daewoo.Zeng Guofan to have stated panels Yunlong patterns.The door is now clearlyarchitectural Year 1865 (1865) reconstruction.Outside the east wall, a piece of legislation special notices milestone ,1.05 meters high, 0.63 meters wide, with Japan, Germany, Italy, Britain,The French and Russian characters engraved with the six nations, the content of the notices stopped.Xuantong Period - this monument is the first year (1909) and two Taiwan Jiang Westernization Jiangning Road Magistrates Office will be erected on the title.Chiang Square into the main gate who is a 1869 Qing Dynasty (1869) landmark built by the Temple.Temple tall monument erected in the center of the stone tablets in 5, the most striking piece of the middle reading : Long Tang Song administration, the four charactersThis is Kangxi in the Qing Ye St. Zuxuan 1949 (1699), wrote the third when the tour stopped respects.This house is meant to mend the achievements of Zong than pinworm.This milestone 3.85 meters high,1.42 meters wide, sits next estone in the two sides, there are still two types of stones were engraved with the Qianlong cruising on to the two when he was stopped.Temple milestone in the north by 55 meters, is Xiangdian.Xiangdian from the main entrance to the ground with a width of1.6 meters of natural Okimichi boulder.Originally Xiaoling Xiangdian Temple, the main construction is stopped in the 24th for 16 years (1383) built.What we are seeing is a sea-renewal Xiangdian 12, Temple 3, awnings 3.11 meters high, 11 meters long.Progressive seven meters deep, much smaller scale than the original Xiaoling Temple.Zhu Yuanliang-hung inside the Queen's portrait and a copy of the race.Crib Third Temple before and after each step, the central part of this central riding stack called Pi on the steps of the typical China follower of the sunshine reduced, alleging that under the liberty were carvedmotifs.Cypripedium flavum through time, through Dashiqiao, all with a large stone to build large buildings will be shown in front of us,Thisis the City side.It is 16.25 meters high and 13 meters high in the public, things 75.26 meters long, 31 meters from south to north.east and west sides of the wall characters.City side, there is a tall arches, it is a valid tunnel arches, 54 stone steps leading up to form,About two out of the tunnel stairs to the top of City Nan Deng, Ming islocated.Ming House, monly known as the empress Shuzhuangtai race, things 39.15 meters long, 18.40 meters from south to north.Three open arches south, east, west, north three arches, each one of the buildings to the ground with Fangzhuan shop.Ming is the top of the original floor, walls, is the only.Fang Ming Ming and innovation Ming imperial tombs are no such construction.Baodinggou front of a tall building in the city, and Ming House side, which also sent the clip to deep tunnelincreased by asolemn atmosphere, showing the inparable dignity of theemperor.After a City side Baodinggou, also known as Po TownCliff Wang positive only on the words Tomb of the first Ming Shan unartistic seven characters.Reportedly, it is carved in the early days of the Republic, for the visitors to answer questions.Bao City is a quasi-circular hill, about 325 meters to 400 meters in diameter, is surrounded by four walls, a wall of stone foundation,Momentum built on a mountainside, about 7 meters high, OFA Top thickness meters.Baodinggou above, the towering trees, the house and the Queen's palace in this race Baodinggou under.It would, according to the Nanjing palace entirely out after sleep form of the former Imperial Palace.According to experts verified, it was estimated the size of the construction ground tomb,This underground palace than the Changping,Beijing Ming tombs were excavated in the 10th Five tomb. However, due to various reasons, has not been tap, tap once, will also be a great spectacle.Members : stopped the tourists on guided tour ends If you have any questions to ask.I will try to meet you.Now -with me on the train, went to the next attraction.。
明孝陵英文导游词
明孝陵英文导游词篇一：明孝陵英文导游词XiaolingTombofthemingdynasty XiaolingTombofthemingdynasty (TodaywewillvisitXiaolingTombofthemingdynasty,whichwasadoptedasth eworldsculturalHeritagein20XX) XiaolingTombisthemausoleumofzhuY uanzhang,thefoundingemperorofthe mingdynasty600yearsago.Theconstructionofthemausoleumstartedin1381, andwascompletedin1413when“theTabletofGreatmeritsofthemingTomboft heGreatmingdynasty”waserected.EmperorzhuY uanzhangwasborninapeasantfamilyofanhuiProvincein1328. HelosthisparentsinhischildhoodandbecameamonkatHuangjueTemple.in13 52hejoinedtheRedTurbanarmyandbecamecommandinggenerallater.in1368 ,heestablishedhisempireandmadenanjingthecapitalwithanameofmingforhi sdynasty.in1398,hediedandwasburiedhereintheXiaoling. Themausoleumconsistsoftwomajorsections.Thefrontse ctionstartsfrom”Th eGatewayofdismountingHorses”attheFalialGuardtotheLingxingGateatthe endofSacredway.Thewholeapproachis1800meterslong.TheGatewayofdis mountingHorseisengravedwith6chinesecharactersforwarningworshipers, meaning”alltheofficialsmustdismountfromthehorsebackhere”.Go700metersnorthwestfromthegateway,wecanseeathree-archedgate.itisknownasthetheGreatGoldenGate,whichisthefrontgateofthemausoleum,conne ctingwiththeredenclosurewalls. GothroughtheGrandGoldenGateisarooflesspavilion,whichiscalledSquarec ity.inthemiddleofthepaviliontherestandsahugestonetablet,whichis8.78mhi ghwith2,746characterscarvedonit.Thisis”theTabletofGreatmeritsofthemin gTomboftheGreatmingdynasty”.Thecharacterswerewrittenbyzhudi,thethir demperorofthemingdynasty.GooutoftheSquarecity,we’llcometothefirstsectionoftheSacredway.TheSacredwayisdividedintotwose ctions.Thefrontsectionisflankedby12pairsofstoneanimalsin6kinds:eachkin doftheanimalshas2pairs,onestandingandonekneeling.Theanimalsarearrang edinproperorder:lions,Xiezhi,camels,elephants,unicornsandhorses. Gostraightalittlebitforward,wecanseetwopillars,fromwherethesacredwaym akesarightturn.Here,weareatthesecondsectionoftheSacredway,whichisflan kedby4pairsofstonewengzhongs:2pairsofgeneralsand2pairsofofficials. attherightofthispath,wecanseeasmallhillplantedwiththousandsofplumtrees. itisthePlum-BlossomHill,whichisSunQuan’stomb.TheHillisnowawonderfulsiteforlocalpeopletoappreciateplumblosso minspringwhenthetreesareblooming.attheendoftheSacredway,thereisagatenamedLingxingGatewiththreearches. itisalsocalleddragon&PhoenixGate.TherearsectionofthemausoleumstartsfromLingxingGatetothecitadelofTreasureandtheTombmound.about270metersawaynortheastoftheLingxingGatethere’sastonebridgespanningoverasmallstream,whichiscalledtheGoldenwaterBri dge,.about200metersnorthofthebridgeisthefrontgateofthetomb.attherightof thegatethereisatabletstone,whichisinscribedwith“TheSpecialnotice”in6for eignlanguagestocallforattentiontoprotectthetomb.Thetabletwasestablished byQinggovernment.insidethegateisatabletpavilion,whichistheentrancehallofthetomb.inthispavi lion,there’satabletinscribedwith“TheSteleofadministratingthecountryasprosperousas theTangandSongdynasties”.TheinscriptionwaswrittenbyKangxi,theemper oroftheQingdynastywhenhewaspayinghishomagetotheentombedemperord uringhisthirdinspectiontourtotheareain1699.Gooutofthepavilion,we’llcometothesiteoftheSacrificialHall.Theoriginalhallwasverylargeandwasus edtoenshrineEmperorzhuYuanzhangandhisempress.Thehallwasdestroyedi nthewaryetits56stonecolumnbasesarestillthere. continuethevisittowardsnorthacro ssabigstonebridge,wecansee“Thecitadel ofTreasuresandtheTombmound”.ThecitadelofTreasuresisthesiteofgraveyar dandtheTombmoundisthetombitself.Thecitadelis39meterslongfromwestto eastand18meterswidefromnorthtosouth.climbup54steps,comingintoourvie wistheTombmound,whichishalfcircledbyastonewall.inthemiddleofthewallthereare7chinesecharacters,meaning”Thehillistheverytomboftheming’sfoundingEmperor”.Thetombiscoveredbyalargemound-400metersindiame ter.EmperorzhuYuanzhangandhisempressareentombedintheunderground.F orthetechnicalreasonsofpreservation,thetombhasnotbeenexcavated.篇二：明孝陵导游词明孝陵景点概况各位游客，我们现在来到的便是明孝陵。
游玩明祖陵英文作文
游玩明祖陵英文作文英文：I recently visited the Ming Tombs, also known as the Ming Dynasty Imperial Tombs, which is a collection of mausoleums built by the emperors of the Ming Dynasty. The tombs are located in Changping District, about 50 kilometers northwest of Beijing.The Ming Tombs are a magnificent sight to behold. There are 13 tombs in total, with the most famous one being the Changling Tomb, which is the tomb of Emperor Zhu Di, the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The tomb is the largest and best-preserved of all the tombs, with a grand entrance, a courtyard, and a main hall. The hall contains a statue of the emperor and his wife, as well as other artifacts.The Ming Tombs are not only a historical site, but also a cultural one. The tombs are surrounded by beautiful scenery, with mountains and forests in the distance. Thearchitecture of the tombs is also impressive, withintricate carvings and designs that showcase the artistic skills of the Ming Dynasty.Overall, visiting the Ming Tombs was a great experience. It was fascinating to learn about the history and cultureof the Ming Dynasty, and to see the magnificent tombs that were built to honor the emperors. I would highly recommend visiting the Ming Tombs to anyone who is interested in Chinese history and culture.中文：我最近去了明陵，也称为明朝皇家陵墓，这是一组由明朝皇帝建造的陵墓。
游玩明祖陵英文作文
游玩明祖陵英文作文I visited the Ming Tombs last weekend. It was a fascinating experience to see the ancient burial site of the Ming Dynasty emperors. The architecture and design of the tombs were truly impressive.The atmosphere at the Ming Tombs was serene and peaceful. It felt like stepping back in time and being surrounded by history. The beautiful natural surroundings added to the sense of tranquility.I was amazed by the intricate details and craftsmanship of the artifacts on display at the Ming Tombs. Theartifacts provided a glimpse into the lives of the emperors and the rich cultural heritage of the Ming Dynasty.The tour of the underground palace was both eerie and captivating. The dimly lit passageways and chambers gave me a sense of the mystery and grandeur of the Ming Dynasty.I also enjoyed exploring the Sacred Way, a pathwaylined with stone statues and marble pillars. It was a unique and memorable part of the Ming Tombs experience.The visit to the Ming Tombs was a memorable and educational experience. It was a great opportunity to learn about the history and culture of ancient China. I would highly recommend it to anyone interested in history and archaeology.。
南京明孝陵英文导游词
南京明孝陵英文导游词Nanjing Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Tourist GuideWelcome to Nanjing Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, one of the most renowned attractions in the region. This is the final resting place of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, and his empress, Xu Da.The mausoleum is situated in the southern foothills of Purple Mountain, surrounded by scenic natural landscapes. The architecture and artistry of the Ming Dynasty are embodied in this historical site, and it was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003.As you enter the gate, you will see the two stone lions, symbolic of power and justice in the Chinese culture. The Pillar-supported Gate is the first significant structure you cross. It is decorated with intricate patterns of dragons and clouds, which convey the emperor’s authority and influence.Passing the gate, a quiet, picturesque pathway will lead you to the Ling’en Gate, the entrance to the mausoleum. Flanking the staircase are a few pairs of mythical animals, including lions, xiezhi (a Chinese unicorn) and horses. They serve to guard the entrance and ward off evil spirits.The most striking feature of the mausoleum is the majestic Great Red Gate. Once the throne room, it now houses a statue of the emperor, keeping watch over the entire area. The gate is also decorated with dragons and clouds, which remain excellentexamples of Ming Dynasty craftsmanship.The Sacred Way, the 1.2 kilometer-long path between the Great Red Gate and the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, is considered an essential part of any visit to the site. This pathway is flanked by 12 pairs of stone statues, including military figures, civil servants, and beasts.The Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is a burial ground for Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and his queen, and their resting place is found on top of the mountain. The mausoleum has been restored several times during its history, but it remains an impressive and significant cultural icon.In conclusion, visiting the Nanjing Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is a pleasant outdoor experience with a historical significance. The magnificent architecture and scenic surroundings offer visitors an opportunity to witness the magnificence of the Ming Dynasty. So why not come along and learn extensively about Chinese history and culture? #NanjingMingXiaolingMausoleum #ChineseCulture #HistoricalSitesUpon reaching the top of the mountain, you will come across the main hall of the mausoleum complex, which houses the emperor’s tomb. The enormous statue of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, along with his queen, sits majestically in the center, guarded by stone lions on either side. The hall’s interior is adorned with ornate carvings and paintings that showcase the craftsmanship present during the Ming Dynasty.Beyond the main hall lies the Ling’en Hall, which serves as a shrine to the emperor and empress, with a replica of their thronesdisplayed in the center. Visitors can take a closer look at the exquisite wood carvings and intricate decorations that adorn the hall, including mythical creatures and guardians.Apart from the main attractions, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum offers visitors several other sights to see. The Bao’en Pagoda, located to the west of the mausoleum complex, is a six-story tall pagoda that offers stunning panoramic views of the area. The pagoda is also adorned with carvings and inscriptions that tell the story of its history.Besides, visitors can also explore the nearby Plum Blossom Hill, which is particularly popular in the spring when the flowers are in full bloom. The hill offers a tranquil escape for those looking to soak up some natural scenery.To enhance your experience, the mausoleum has recently introduced interactive exhibitions that provide insight into daily life during the Ming Dynasty. Visitors can take a step into the past and witness the lifestyles of the people during that time.Suppose you want to take the experience to the next level. In that case, you can opt for a guided tour, where knowledgeable guides will acquaint you with the history and cultural significance of the various structures present within the mausoleum.In conclusion, a visit to Nanjing Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is a must for anyone interested in Chinese culture or history. It offers visitors a chance to witness the architectural and artistic prowess of the Ming Dynasty and an opportunity to explore the surroundingnatural beauty. Prepare to be awed by the stunning structures and immerse yourself in the historical significance of this magnificent site.。
十三陵英语导游词
十三陵英语导游词明十三陵，位于北京市昌平区境内天寿山南麓，距京城约50公里，总面积120多平方公里。
下面是店铺为你带来的十三陵英文导游词，欢迎参考!十三陵英文导游词篇1THE MING TOMBSThe Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southern slopes of Tianshou Mountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynasty emperors. In July 2003 the site was designated a world cultural heritage site by UNESCO.Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sent Zhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----Liao Junqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place for the tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of Tu Jia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldn't be used as the burial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping. However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig and because a village named 'wolf mouth ravine' was located there, they decided against using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again, since 'Yanjia' was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemed unsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finally chose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east, west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of its southern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in the mannerof the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front and living quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes, stone archways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over the Underground Palace.There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs, are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines, princes, princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwen and Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital in present day Nanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is called Xiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Some said that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple and became a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elder brother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in the Tumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother of Zhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen was back and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbol of the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 arches supported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons and lotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stone arch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragonand cloud decorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it also demonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is more commonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch entrances to the gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stone tablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people to dismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they would be punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the Ming Dynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood and break twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would be beheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged a hundred times.The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and stands about 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in the middle of the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong for Chengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detail the conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On the east side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qing government. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It was written in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall of the Ming Dynasty.On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36 in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars are stone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Lin horses .All of theanimals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other two kneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials and officials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues were made in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when he was alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals and statues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons and each was delicately and masterfully carved.Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and Phoenix Gate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six door leaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the three archways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as the Flame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays a seven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of the seven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site of the seven-arch bridge.Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwise known as the Sacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the Big Palace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and Ling Xing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north, all the way to the Gate of Changling.Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in the Ming Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and his empress Xu.Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the first Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of the prince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu(1370). He was appointed at Beiping. After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used the pretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead an army expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year of Jianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of Ancestral Worship in Nanjing. Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in the Ming Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out to battle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took over his nephew's power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughout the country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the important decision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificent developments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy. In terms of culture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao and others to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest book ever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade, Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold, silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia and Africa seven times in the early years of Yongle.Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. Empress Xushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers of the Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles of internal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate people's minds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tomb area.The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preservedamong the thirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient China's wooden structures. It is nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China. The roof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered with yellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middle four in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over one meter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east foot of Dayu Mountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his two empresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing. Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of the Ming Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziest emperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9. After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. At this time, various aspects of society gained development.Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed state affairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb site when he went to pay homage to the ancestors' tombs. He spent eight million taels of silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tomb Dingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspect it, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grand banquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, he did not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The state organ was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generations commented that the fall of theMing dynasty was caused by this emperor.Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid of Wanli's mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That son was the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 years earlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, around the east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred the title of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the Underground Palace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduan on the same day. Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could not give birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died of illness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too. Empress Xiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in the Underground Palace.The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called the wordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a pattern of sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). It is said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming T ombs, excluding Changling, all the tablets are wordless. Originally there were no tablet houses in front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first six tombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking, lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention on the inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping with this tradition, that’s why the ta blets later on are also blank.Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of Eminent Favor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor isalso called Hall of Enjoyment. It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificial rites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they were destroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after the excavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail the history of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. The exhibition rooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In the south room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthed from the Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificial items of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is a stone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul T ower and the Precious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Tower is the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of the yellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinese characters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on top of another stone tablet, there are two big characters----'the Great Ming' written in seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----'Tomb of Emperor Shenzong Xian' are carved. The Soul Tower is connected with the Precious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks. The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upper part is thin. The round wall's perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wall is a large artificial mound, the emperor's tomb mound, known as Precious Top.Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation work started in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discovered an exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel of Dingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. At the bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three months later, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul T ower, they dug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tablet which inscribed the words ' from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies the precious wall'. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up the Underground Palace.According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the third tunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thus they opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of the room, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank to remove the ' self-acting' stone bar, which was against the back of the door. With this method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles of geomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by seven marble doors. The Underground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of 1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in between the front, middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is 3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it is reasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle, so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made ofbronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent the door from falling. Carved on the front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals with rings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is a protruding section that holds the door's 'self-acting' stone bar.The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. The floor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks are smooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. There are no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber, there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known as the precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazed offerings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Year's style with a cloud-and-dragon design. It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally there was sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with a wick inside. It is called the 'everlasting lamp'. Due to the lack of oxygen, the light went out so the oil had not been used all.The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31 meters long, 9.l meters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In the rear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on the platform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26 vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filled with soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside the coffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being ' buried with jade. ' Ancient people believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the body fromdecay for a long time. Being 'buried with jade' on a Gold Well was the highest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.Originally the empress's coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber. Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as the emperor's? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July Emperor Wanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after his succession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died in succession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojing's coffin to Dingling. All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor Zhu Youjian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearly recorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived before the funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress' annex chamber may not have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses all entered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffins entered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers were narrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had to put all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for today is completed. I hope you have found our time together informative and enjoyable. We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at 4:00pm. Thank you.。
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明祖陵Ming Zu Tomb各位游客:我们面前的明祖陵，又称“明代第一险”，是全国唯一的水下皇陵，陵区现有总面积约73万平方米。
明祖陵是明太祖朱元璋在推翻元朝统治、登上皇帝宝座后，为高祖朱百六(玄皇帝)、曾祖朱四九(恒皇帝)和祖父朱初一(裕皇帝)兴建的衣冠家，也是裕皇帝朱初-的实际殁葬地，原名“杨家墩”。
Dear visitors:The Ming Zu Mausoleum in front of us, also known as the "Ming Dynasty No. 1 Danger", is the only underwater imperial tomb in the country. The total area of the tomb is about 730,000 square meters. Ming Zu Mausoleum was built by the great ancestor Zhu Bailiu (Xuan Emperor), great ancestor Zhu Sijiu (Heng Emperor), and grandfather Zhu Chuyi (Emperor Yu) after Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the rule of the Yuan Dynasty and ascended the throne of the emperor. It was also the actual burial place of Emperor Yu Zhu Chu-, formerly known as "Yangjiadun".明祖陵始建于明洪武十八年(1385年)，建成于明永乐十一年(1413年)，共历时28年之久。
陵区原有城墙3道，金水桥3座，殿、亭、楼、阁、署房、官私宅第数千间，占地面积上万亩，可谓规模宏大，气势雄伟。
清康熙十九年(1680年)夏秋，黄淮并涨，明祖陵与位于南侧约13里的泗州城同时被淹没在洪泽湖底。
1962 年冬至1963年春，由于气候干旱，加上当时正值枯水季节，江苏省文物普查工作队在洪泽湖西岸寻访古徐国遗迹时，发现长长的一列石刻群，这群具有唐宋风格、精致生动的石刻群，经过专家多方查考，确认为是消失已久的明代“祖陵”。
1980年，国家拨专款对明祖陵倒伏的石刻进行复位、扶正。
1982 年，被省人民政府确定为江苏省第三批文物保护单位。
1996年，被国务院公布为第四批全国重点文物保护单位。
Ming Zu Mausoleum was built in the eighteenth year of Ming Hongwu (1385) and completed in the eleventh year of Ming Yongle (1413), which lasted 28 years. The mausoleum area has 3 original city walls, 3 Jinshui bridges, thousands of halls, pavilions, buildings, pavilions, office houses, and official private residences, covering an area of tens of thousands of acres. It can be described as grand in scale and majestic. In the 19th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1680) in summer and autumn, the Huanghuai River rose simultaneously, and the Ming Zu Mausoleum and Sizhou City located about 13 miles to the south were submerged at the bottom of Hongze Lake. From the winter of 1962 to the spring of 1963, due to the dry climate and the dry season at that time, the Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Relics Census Team found a long line of stone carvings on the west bank of Hongze Lake when they were looking for the remains of the ancient Xu Kingdom. The style, exquisite and vivid stone carvings have been verified by experts as the long-lost "ancestral tombs" of the Ming Dynasty. In 1980, the state allocated special funds to restore and straighten the fallen stone carvings of Mingzu Mausoleum. In 1982, it was designated as the third batch of cultural relics protection units in Jiangsu Province by the Provincial People's Government. In 1996, it was announced as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.[沙盘]明祖陵原有建筑规模宏大，气势雄伟。
原有城墙3道，最外边的叫“外罗城”，中间的是“中砖城”，最里面的是“内皇城”。
从正南的下马碑起进人红门，过基运山两座碑亭，进人“中砖城”，过神道、金水桥和金门才能进入正殿，再往后就是充满神秘色彩的地下玄官。
[Sandpan] The original building of Mingzu Mausoleum was grand and majestic. There were 3 original city walls, the outermost one is called "Outer Luocheng", the middle one is "Middle Brick City", and the innermost one is "Inner Imperial City". Enter the Red Gate from the Xia Ma stele in the south, pass the two stele pavilions of Jiyun Mountain, and enter the "China Brick City". You can enter the main hall after passing the Shinto, Jinshui Bridge and Jinmen, and then the mysterious underground mysterious official.[陈列馆]明祖陵陈列馆于203年大年初正式对外开放，我们现在看到的这个沙盘模型就是根据明祖陵的原貌图复制而来的，由于明祖陵在水底下沉睡300年，大部分的建筑物已经毁于洪水。
我们在明祖陵可以看到的只有三部分:第一部分是道石划。
第二部分是内泉城遗址，第三部分是地官，陈川丽同时也将明朝五大帝中的19座陵墓作简单介绍。
[Exhibition Hall] Ming Zu Mausoleum Exhibition Hall was officially opened to the public at the beginning of the Lunar New Year 203. The sand table model we see now is copied from the original map of Ming Zu Mausoleum, because Ming Zu Mausoleum has been sleeping under the water for 300 years , Most of the buildings have been destroyed by floods. There are only three parts that we can see in the Mingzu Mausoleum: The first part is the Dao-Stone Plan.The second part is the ruins of Neiquan City, and the third part is the local officials. Chen Chuanli also briefly introduced 19 tombs of the five emperors of the Ming Dynasty.首先我们可以看到的是这块《朱氏世德碑记》，是朱元师亲自强写文确的，如果要问中国历代封建帝王有多少位皇帝为自己撰写碑记，那么答案只有个，只有明代的开国皇帝朱元璋。
通过这块碑记，我们可以了解到朱元章的相籍在“江苏句容”(第行，本宗朱氏，出自金陵之句容，地名朱家巷，在通德乡)，那么盱眙为何又成为朱元璋埋葬祖先的地方呢?《碑记》的第13行告诉我们:“元初籍淘金户，金非土产，市于他市，先祖考初一公困于役，遂弃田庐，携二子，迁泗州盱眙县。
”"意思是说，元代时朱元璋的祖父被定为“淘金户”，定期要向朝廷供奉金子，但是句容不产金子，那就要拿其他东西到市集上去交换金子，可换的人多了，价格就高了，买不起了。
所以朱元璋的祖父就放弃了田地和房屋，携带两个儿子，搬迁到当时的古泗州盱眙县，后来朱元璋的祖先们就先后病死于盱眙境内。
First of all, we can see that this piece of "Zhu Shide Steles" was written by Master Zhu Yuan himself. If you want to ask how many Chinese emperors of the feudal dynasties wrote steles for themselves, then there is only one answer, only the Ming Dynasty. The founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. Through this inscription, we can understand that Zhu Yuanzhang’s hometown is in "Jiangsu Jurong" (the first line, the Zhu family of this sect, from Jurong of Jinling, the place name is Zhujiaxiang, in Tongde Township), then why Xuyi became Where is Zhu Yuanzhang's ancestor buried? The 13th line of the "Stele Records" tells us: "In the early Yuan Dynasty, I was a gold digger and was a native of Jinfei. The city was in another city. Moved to Xuyi County, Sizhou." "It means that in the Yuan Dynasty, ZhuYuanzhang's grandfather was designated as a "gold digger" and regularly offered gold to the court, but Jurong did not produce gold, so he had to take other things to the market. When there were more people in exchange for gold, the price became too high and it was too much to buy. So Zhu Yuanzhang’s grandfather gave up his fields and houses, took his two sons, and moved to Xuyi County, ancient Sizhou at that time. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang’s ancestors They died of illnes s in Xuyi.在这块碑记上，我们也可以解开朱元璋出生地之“谜" 。