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2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2)

2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree at one of200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduatewith$100,000of debt on top of undergraduate w-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents ofchange among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on impro ving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.答案:D。

2014年考研英语阅读理解经典试题及答案1

2014年考研英语阅读理解经典试题及答案1 Passage 1In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉)restaurant, and then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers had developed a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks' sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milk shake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of the brothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营)other copies of their restaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu. The equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门).Today McDonald's is really a household name. Its names for its sandwiches have come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watched people rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $ 1 billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible success stories in modern American business history.1. This passage mainly talks about .A) the development of fast food servicesB) how McDonald's became a billion-dollar businessC) the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldD) Ray Kroc's business talent2. Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except .A) a drive-inB) a cinemaC) a theaterD) a barbecue restaurant3. We may infer from this passage that .A)Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to KrocB)The location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-inC)Forty years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurantsD) Ray Kroc was a good businessman4. The passage suggests that .A) creativity is an important element of business successB) Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothersC) Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray KrocD) California is the best place to go into business5. As used in the second sentence of the third paragraph, the worduniquemeans .A)specialB)financialC )attractiveD)peculiarPassage 1 答案1.C2.B3.D4.A5.D。

2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2)

2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2)2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree at one of200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000of debt on top of undergraduatew-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist thatkeeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.答案:D。

2014年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版

2014年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DABAD 16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。

2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（十五）

2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（十五）2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（十五）There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (优先)it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely toplay safe. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience:This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation(动力)to seek improvement.71. Teachers are different in their opinions about .A) the necessity of teaching spellingB) the role of spelling in general language developmentC) the way of teaching spellingD) the complexities of the basic writing skills72. As used in the second paragraph, the expressionplay safemost probably means .A)to spell correctly B)to write smoothlyC)to avoid using words one is not sure of D)to use dictionaries frequently73. Teachers encourage the students to use dictionaries so that .A)students will be able to write more freely B)students will be more skillful in writingC)students will be more confident in writing D)students will be independent enough74. The author's tone is .A) ironic C) satirical B) practical D) critical75. This passage mainly discusses .A)the necessity of spellingB)the role of developing writing skillsC)the complexities of spellingD)the relationship between spelling and the content of writingPassage 151.B2.C3.C4.D5.D相关栏目： 2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案汇总重点推荐： 2014年考研报名 2014年考研时间 2014年考研英语 2014年考研数学 2014年考研政治 2014年考研专业。

2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（十一）

2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（十一）2014年考研英语阅读理解模拟题及答案（十一）Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening.Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams.Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life.People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams.Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Few events more than two days old turn up. Deep wishes or fears - especially those held since childhood- often appear in dreams, and many dreams fulfil such wishes. Events in the sleeper's surrounding- a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams.Some dreams involve deep feelings that a person may not realize he has. Psychiatrists(精神病医生)often use material from apatient's dreams to help the person understand himself better.Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment. People who get plenty of sleep-but are awakened each time they begin to dream- become anxious and restless.51. This passage is mainly about .A)why we dream during sleep B)how we dream during sleepC)what dreams are D)what benefits dreams bring to people52. According to the passage, dreams result from .A)the sleeper's wishes B)the sleeper's imaginationC)the sleeper's feeling D)the sleeper's own mind53. Which of the following is NOT true?A)Dream is a confusing story which involves little logic thought.B)Dream is related to the dreamer's real life.C)Dream is an imaginary store which seems real while taking place.D)Dream involves events that always happen in real life.54. This passage suggests that psychiatrists are .A) trying to help the dreamer recall his earlier dreams.B) trying to make the sleeper dream logically.C) studying the benefits of dreams.D) helping the sleeper fulfill his dreams55. We may infer form the passage that dreaming .A) is beneficial to people B) disturbs people's lifeC) makes people always restless D) deprives people of a good sleepPassage 112014年考研时间 2014年考研英语 2014年考研数学 2014年考研政治 2014年考研专业。

2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2)

2014考研英语真题英语一阅读部分

Text 1①In order to “change lives for the better”and reduce “dependency,”George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search”scheme. ②Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit —and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. ③What could be more reasonable?①More apparent reasonableness followed. ②There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. ③“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,”he claimed.④“We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.”⑤Help? ⑥Really? ⑦On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms”to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. ⑧What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.①Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. ②It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. ③You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. ④Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. ⑤Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.①But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it —supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. ②It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. ③The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. ④Even the very phrase “jobseeker's allowance”is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker”who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. ⑤Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,”conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21.George Osborne's scheme was intended to__________.[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits[B] encourage jobseekers' active engagement in job seeking[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily[D] guarantee jobseekers' legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase “to sign on”（Line 2, Para. 2）most probably means__________.[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B] to accept the government's restrictions on the allowance[C] to register for an allowance from the government[D] to attend a governmental job-training program23.What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel__________.[A] uneasy[B] enraged[C] insulted[D] guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers' laziness.[B] Osborne's reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C] The jobseekers' allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2①All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession —with the possible exception of journalism. ②But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.①During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. ②The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. ③But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. ④Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.①There are many reasons for this. ②One is the excessive costs of a legal education. ③There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subjects, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. ④This leaves today's average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. ⑤Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.①Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. ②Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. ③One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. ④Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. ⑤If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. ⑥Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.①The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.②Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. ③This keeps fees high and innovation slow. ④There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.①In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms' efficiency. ②After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. ③America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to__________.[A] the growing demand from clients[B] the increasing pressure of inflation[C] the prospect of working in big firms[D] the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.[C] Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from__________.[A] lawyers' and clients' strong resistance[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession[C] the stern exam for would-be lawyers[D] non-professionals' sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it__________.[A] bans outsiders' involvement in the profession[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses__________.[A] flawed ownership of America's law firms and its causes[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America[C] a problem in America's legal profession and solutions to it[D] the role of undergraduate studies in America's legal educationText 3①The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year's award in March. ②And it is far from the only one of its type. ③As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. ④Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. ⑤These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.①What's not to like? ②Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. ③You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. ④The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. ⑤They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. ⑥They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. ⑦They do not fund peer-reviewed research. ⑧They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.①The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. ②Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.①As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes —both new and old —are distributed. ②The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. ③But the Nobel Foundation's limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research —as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. ④The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. ⑤Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.①As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. ②First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. ③Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. ④It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism —that is the culture of research, after all —but it is the prize-givers' money to do with as they please. ⑤It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as__________.[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs' wealth[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes[C] an example of bankers' investment[D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit__________.[A] the profit-oriented scientists[B] the founders of the new awards[C] the achievement-based system[D] peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves__________.[A] controversies over the recipients' status[B] the joint effort of modern researchers[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D] the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A] Their endurance has done justice to them.[B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C] They are the most representative honor.[D] History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the new awards are__________.[A] acceptable despite the criticism[B] harmful to the culture of research[C] subject to undesirable changes[D] unworthy of public attentionText 4“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences （AAAS）, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 14-06 years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter”never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,”or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas —such as free markets or self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author's attitude toward the AAAS's report?[A] Critical.[B] Appreciative.[C] Contemptuous.[D] Tolerant.37.Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to __________.[A] retain people's interest in liberal education[B] define the government's role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals' rights to education38.According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests__________.[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39.The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are__________.[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS's Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education。

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1. Inching towards integration 朝着一体化缓慢爬行【导读】：欧洲领导人做出了救市的承诺，但也仅限承诺。

欧元区走在成功或失败的分岔路口，未来如何还是个未知数。

The Euro Crisis 欧债危机The latest European summit made more progress than usual—but still not enough最新欧洲峰会取得了比平常更多成果——但仍是不够。

Jul 7th 2012 | from the print editionW AS Europe’s 19th crisis summit, held in Brussels on June 28th and 29th, a game-changer? Judging by the euphoria in financial markets and among many commentators, the answer seems to be yes. Yields on Italian and Spanish bonds fell sharply as investo rs decided that Europe’s political leaders had committed themselves to the creation of a banking union and to allowing troubled countries easier access to euro-zone rescue funds. The prime ministers of Italy and Spain, Mario Monti and Mariano Rajoy, and the French president, François Hollande, were widely hailed for scoring a victory over Germany’s chancellor, Angela Merkel. She, in turn, was excoriated by many at home for giving in to blackmail.As so often, the summit had been billed as a make-or-brea k affair, in which Europe’s political leaders had to lay out their vision for economic and political integration to save their single currency. Is the euphoria about to fizzle, as in the past?The summit gave reasons for guarded optimism. Europe’s poli ticians have said they will create a Europe-wide bank supervisor (involving the European Central Bank) before the end of the year. This is only a pledge, but if the history of European policymaking is a guide, the euro zone will quarrel over the details of a banking supervisor only to agree to one eventually. Second, by accepting that bail-out funds can go straight to banks, Mrs Merkel has made a big shift from her insistence that help could go only to governments, with tough conditions attached. The underlying German logic that shared financial liability must imply shared oversight remains the same. But by countenancing jointly financed bank recapitalisation, Mrs Merkel has accepted a broader notion of risk-sharing. This is still a long way from the partial debt mutualisation that the euro zone needs, but it marks a step forward from Germany’s exclusive obsession with fiscal austerity.However, there are caveats. Europe’s politicians did not commit themselves to a banking union. There was no agreement to euro-wide deposit insurance or to a common bank-resolution scheme. And although the summit agreed that euro-zone rescue funds could be injected directly into banks, this depends on the single supervisor being in place first.The supposed loosening of the strings attached to help for peripheral economies was also limited. The much-ballyhooed agreement that rescue funds could buy embattled countries’ bonds without onerous extra conditions was just a political promise to do something already allowed. The only concrete new commitments were that the promised aid of up to €100 billion ($125 billion) for Spain to recapitalise its banks would no longer be senior to other debt, and that Ireland could expect the burden of its bank bail-outs to be eased.A set of limited and contingent promises is much better than nothing, but it hardly adds up to a sturdy new foundation for the euro’s future. A lot could still go wrong. In a system that requires unanimity, grumbling from Finland and the Netherlands is a reminder that even if the limited deal at the summit holds, further steps will be hard. Legal challenges have already been laid before Germany’s constitutional court. Mrs Merkel’s coalition partners and even some in her own party are threatening to be obstructive. And existing problems have not gone away: most obviously, hard decisions still have to be made about whether to give more help to Greece, which barely featured in the summit’s discussions.The summer-holiday-saving summit?暑假救援行动峰会？It is therefore a brave soul who would call this summit a turning-point for the euro. Given that agreeing on a banking authority will take several months, think how remote are the more fundamental constitutional changes needed to back a banking union and Eurobonds. The outlook for the European and world economy is darkening. Recession will undermine normal politics and create conditions for markets to take fright (see article). The euro zone got through this summit, but it is going to have to prove its resolve over and over again.参考译文：第19届欧洲危机峰会于6月28、29在布鲁塞尔举办，这将成为拯救欧元区危机的一次大逆转吗？从金融市场以及时事评论员的乐观情绪来看，这个答案似乎是肯定的。