高考英语考点归纳(四)—虚拟语气

虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。高考考查虚拟语气主要和情态动词相结合。

1

（1be动词的过去式用were”。如：

►. If I were a boy, I would join the army.

►

（2

则用过去分词”

►

（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：

►. If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)

►. Were I a boy, I would join the army.

►. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.

►. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.

2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句

（

①。表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。

表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；

表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：

►. I wish it were spring all the year round.

►. I wish I had known the answer.

►

suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist, request,

should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：►. She suggested we (should) leave here at once.

►

（2

作表示建议、

等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。如：

►. His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.

►

（3

“should + 动词原形”

►. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that we should clean the room every day.

►. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should be so careless.

►. It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：

►. It is pity that you can’t swim.

3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用

（1）虚拟语气在

►

►

（2

time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：

►. It’s time that I picked up my daugh ter.

►.

（3）虚拟语气用在

►

►. If only I had taken his advice.

（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。

现在日常会话中。如：

►. It would be better for you not to stay up too late.

►

►

►. I would rather not tell you.

Notes:

1）当insist 表示坚持要求该如何做一个未来动作或该做什么动作时，可接should+动词原形；如果insist表示的是坚持认为过去的或现在的情况怎样或是什么时，则that从句中动词的时态须与所表示的时间一致，不可用虚拟语气。

►. He insisted that he had done right. 他坚持认为（说）他做得对。（陈述语气）

►. He insisted that I should go there. 他坚持要求我去那。（虚拟语气）

2）suggest 表示“建议”接宾语从句用虚拟语气；作“暗示，表明”讲，接宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

3）It’s time that从句中除了用should+动词原形外，还可以用动词的过去式。即

It’s time sb. did sth.

比较：

１）would rather sb. did sth（宁愿某人会做某事）与现在或将来事实相反。

２）would rather sb. had done sth (宁愿某人做过某事)---与过去事实相反。

Answers: Part I l-5 BBACC 6-10 BBDDA 11-15 CBABA

16-20 CDABD 21-25 CACBB 26-30 BCBBD Part II 1 -20: ABABC DDBCA BADAC AADDB

21- 40: CDBCC ACBBA CCBAC ABCCC Part III 1-11 BDCDD DCBAB B