高二必修五重点难点——时间、条件和让步状语从句

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Section ⅡGrammar

时间、条件和让步状语从句

时间、条件和让步状语从句在高考中约占3分,考查形式主要有单选、完型填空、语篇填空和改错,主要考察这三种从句中的引导词、谓语动词。

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一、时间状语从句

1.no sooner...than与hardly...when

都表示主句与从句的动作相继发生,意为“一……就……,刚刚……就”,主句动词用过去完成时。如no sooner,hardly位于句首时,主句用倒装形式。

He had hardly gone to bed when the doorbell rang.

=Hardly had he gone to bed when the doorbell rang.

他刚睡下门铃就响了。

No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him.

他刚下火车,他女儿就向他跑了过来。

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2.as soon as,the moment,immediately

引导的从句表示从句动作一发生,主句动作随即发生,常译为“一……就”。名词词组the second,the minute,the moment,every time,any time,next time,the first/last time,the day/week/month等亦可作连词,引导时间状语从句。

They told me about it as soon as/immediately/the moment they got the message.他们一听到口信就把消息告诉了我。

Every time he walked by the lake,he thought of his childhood life.每当他走过那个湖时,就会想起童年的生活。

注意:immediately可用做连词也可用做副词。

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3.till和until

词义是“直到……,一直……为止”,表示一个动作持续到某一时刻或某一动作发生为止,在句首只能用until。在肯定句中,主句中要用延续性动词;在否定句中,可以用非延续性动词。

She stood there till/until he had passed out of sight.

她站在那里看着,直到望不见他的身影。

Until they had finished the work,they did not go home.

=Not until they had finished the work did they go home.

直到工作完成了他们才回家。

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注意:(1)在not...until结构中not until位于句首时主句部分倒装。在强调句中,强调until引导时间状语时,常把not提前,构成It isn’t/wasn’t until...that...。(2)not...until和not...before意思相同,表示“直到……才,在……以前不”。

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4.before和since

(1)若表达“还未……就……”“不到……就……”“……才……”“趁,还没来得及”时,需用连词before。

He had put the broken vase away before his mother came back.

他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。

(2)It will be+时间段+before sb.do(does)“多久之后才……”。

It will be 3 days before our manager signs the agreement.

要过3天后经理才签那份协议。

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(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作。since从句的时态通常是一般过去时,主句中的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

He has written to me frequently since I got sick.

自从我病了以后,他经常给我写信。

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(4)在It is+时间段+since从句句型中,时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。

It is half a year since she was in our class.

她离开我们班有半年了。

It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟有三年了。

二、条件状语从句

1.if和unless

(1)if意为“如果”,而unless意为“除非,如果不”。if...not与unless通常可互换,但if可引导非真实条件句(用虚拟语气),unless一般不表示非真实条件。

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(2)if引导的从句表示好的条件时,可用providing that,provided that,on condition that等替换;表示不好的条件时,可用so(as)long as替换。

If I were you,I would go to university for further education.

我要是你,我会上大学接受更进一步的教育。

They have a meeting every Monday,unless there is nothing to discuss.他们每周一开一次会,除非没有事情可商谈。

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2.supposing (假如),suppose (that)(假如),as (so) long as (只要),on condition that (在……条件下),等引导从句,表示“如果,只要,在……条件下”等意义。in case 引导从句,表示“万一……”。

Supposing you are wrong,what will you do?

假定你是错的,你怎么办?

You can go out,as long as you promise to be back before 11 o’clock.只要你答应十一点钟前回来,你就可以出去。

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3.only if引导从句用陈述语气,意为“只要……”;if only引导从句用虚拟语气,意为“但愿……,要是……就好了”。

Only if we persist in carrying out the open­door policy,we will achieve greater success.

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