高考英语阅读理解-科技前沿
高三英语现代科技前沿探索阅读理解30题
高三英语现代科技前沿探索阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the field of healthcare. AI has the potential to revolutionize medical diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.One of the most significant applications of AI in healthcare is in medical imaging. AI algorithms can analyze medical images, such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs, to detect diseases and abnormalities with greater accuracy and speed than human radiologists. For example, AI can detect early signs of cancer in mammograms with a high degree of accuracy, potentially saving countless lives.AI is also being used in drug discovery and development. By analyzing large amounts of biological data, AI can identify potential drug targets and predict the efficacy and safety of new drugs. This can significantly reduce the time and cost of drug development and bring new treatments to patients more quickly.In addition to medical imaging and drug discovery, AI is being applied in many other areas of healthcare, such as personalized medicine, telemedicine, and patient monitoring. For example, AI-powered wearable devices can monitor a patient's vital signs and detect early signs of illness,allowing for early intervention and treatment.However, the use of AI in healthcare also presents several challenges. One of the main challenges is ensuring the accuracy and reliability of AI algorithms. As with any new technology, there is a risk of errors and false positives. Another challenge is ensuring the privacy and security of patient data. AI algorithms require access to large amounts of patient data to be effective, but this data must be protected from unauthorized access and misuse.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of AI in healthcare are enormous. As the technology continues to evolve and improve, it is likely that AI will play an increasingly important role in the future of healthcare.1. What is one of the main applications of AI in healthcare?A. Medical research.B. Medical imaging.C. Patient education.D. Hospital management.答案：B。
初二科技前沿英语阅读理解30题
初二科技前沿英语阅读理解30题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming more and more common in our daily lives. It can be found in many different forms. For example, virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa use AI to answer our questions and perform tasks. They can tell us the weather forecast, set reminders, and even play music.Another area where AI is making a big impact is in transportation. Self-driving cars use AI to navigate the roads and avoid obstacles. This technology has the potential to make our roads safer and reduce traffic congestion.In healthcare, AI is being used to diagnose diseases and develop personalized treatment plans. It can analyze large amounts of medical data and identify patterns that humans might miss.AI is also changing the way we shop. Online shopping platforms use AI algorithms to recommend products based on our browsing history and purchase patterns. This helps us find the products we need more easily.1. What can virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa do?A. Only answer questions.B. Only play music.C. Answer questions and perform tasks.D. None of the above.答案：C。
高考阅读理解真题解析-科技前沿
(三十一) (2013福建B篇)
1. One of the possible functions of the smartphone-like glasses is to ____.
A. program the opening hours of a bar B. supply you with a picture of the future C. provide information about your surroundings D. update the maps and GPS in your smartphones
A 段落推断题。由第五段中he is confident …will eventually be as common as smartphones和第六段 It’s just like smartphones 10 years ago可知Seth暗 示这款眼镜将来会和智能手机一样有市场。选项B 说的说是现在，故可排除；选项C和D在文中无任 何相关信息，是无中生有。
3. According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because.
A. it can help plastic degrade B. it can be found in living things C. its mass production has been realized D. its raw materials are abundant in nature
B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中 的in wet environments可知。
5.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
高三现代科技前沿探索英语阅读理解20题
高三现代科技前沿探索英语阅读理解20题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the field of healthcare. In recent years, AI has made significant progress in various aspects of medical care, bringing new opportunities and challenges.One of the major applications of AI in healthcare is in disease diagnosis. AI-powered systems can analyze large amounts of medical data, such as medical images and patient records, to detect diseases at an early stage. For example, deep learning algorithms can accurately identify tumors in medical images, helping doctors make more accurate diagnoses.Another area where AI is making a big impact is in drug discovery. By analyzing vast amounts of biological data, AI can help researchers identify potential drug targets and design new drugs more efficiently. This can significantly shorten the time and cost of drug development.AI also has the potential to improve patient care by providing personalized treatment plans. Based on a patient's genetic information, medical history, and other factors, AI can recommend the most appropriate treatment options.However, the application of AI in healthcare also faces some challenges. One of the main concerns is data privacy and security. Medicaldata is highly sensitive, and ensuring its protection is crucial. Another challenge is the lack of transparency in AI algorithms. Doctors and patients need to understand how AI makes decisions in order to trust its recommendations.In conclusion, while AI holds great promise for improving healthcare, it also poses significant challenges that need to be addressed.1. What is one of the major applications of AI in healthcare?A. Disease prevention.B. Disease diagnosis.C. Health maintenance.D. Medical education.答案：B。
高三科学前沿英语阅读理解15题
高三科学前沿英语阅读理解15题**Reading Passage: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare**Artificial intelligence (AI) is making significant strides in the healthcare industry. AI - powered systems can analyze vast amounts of medical data, including patient records, symptoms, and test results, much faster than human doctors. For example, some AI algorithms can detect early signs of diseases like cancer by analyzing patterns in medical images. These systems can also predict the likelihood of a patient developing certain conditions based on their genetic makeup and lifestyle factors. In addition, AI - driven robots are being developed to assist in surgeries, providing more precise movements and reducing the risk of human error. However, there are also concerns about the use of AI in healthcare. Issues such as data privacy, potential biases in algorithms, and the ethical implications of machines making medical decisions need to be addressed.1. What can AI - powered systems do in healthcare according to the passage?A. Only analyze patient recordsB. Analyze medical data faster than doctorsC. Slow down the process of disease detectionD. Ignore genetic makeup and lifestyle factors答案：B解析：文章明确提到AI - powered系统能够比人类医生更快地分析大量医疗数据，包括患者记录、症状和检测结果等，所以答案是B。
高三英语科学前沿练习题20题答案解析版
高三英语科学前沿练习题20题答案解析版1.The new scientific experiment shows that the substance reacts ____ with heat.A.stronglyB.weaklyC.rapidlyD.slowly答案解析：C。
“react rapidly with”表示“与……快速反应”，符合科学实验的语境。
A 选项“strongly”通常修饰动词时表示“强烈地”，不太符合与“heat”的搭配；B 选项“weakly”意思是“微弱地”，与新的科学实验显示的内容不符；D 选项“slowly”意为“缓慢地”，不符合语境。
2.In the field of scientific innovation, many new technologies are emerging ____.A.continuouslyB.occasionallyC.rarelyD.never答案解析：A。
“emerging continuously”表示“不断涌现”，符合科学创新领域的特点。
B 选项“occasionally”表示“偶尔”，频率太低；C 选项“rarely”表示“很少”，不符合科学创新的活跃状态；D 选项“never”表示“从不”，与实际情况不符。
3.The scientific experiment aims to find a new way to ____ energy.A.produceB.createC.makeD.generate答案解析：D。
“generate energy”表示“产生能量”，是比较专业的表达。
A 选项“produce”通常指生产物品；B 选项“create”强调创造新的事物；C 选项“make”比较宽泛，不太符合科学实验中产生能量的专业表达。
4.The new scientific discovery has ____ our understanding of the universe.A.expandedB.enlargedC.extendedD.increased答案解析：A。
高三科学前沿英语阅读理解25题
高三科学前沿英语阅读理解25题1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of physics.B. The latest discoveries in physics.C. The future of physics.D. The importance of physics.答案：B。
解析：文章主要围绕物理学前沿知识展开，选项 A 历史并非主要内容；选项C 未来只是可能提及并非主要话题；选项D 重要性不是重点，而选项B 最新发现符合文章主题。
涉及的阅读技巧是根据文章主旨判断，词汇主要考查对“physics”“discoveries”等词的理解，语法无特别考查。
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the new theory in physics?A. It has been widely accepted.B. It is still being debated.C. It is completely wrong.D. It is not important.答案：B。
解析：文中提到物理学新理论，通常新理论处于被讨论和辩论阶段。
选项A 广泛接受不符合新理论特点；选项C 完全错误过于绝对；选项D 不重要与前沿知识不符。
阅读技巧是理解细节并推理，词汇考查“theory”“debated”等，语法无特别考查。
3. The author mentions Einstein's theory to...A. prove that the new theory is wrong.B. show the importance of the new theory.C. compare the two theories.D. explain the history of physics.答案：C。
高三英语科学前沿展望单选题40题(答案解析)
高三英语科学前沿展望单选题40题(答案解析)1.The new technology has brought many ______ to people's lives.A.changesB.choicesC.challengesD.characters答案：A。
本题考查名词辨析。
“changes”表示变化；“choices”表示选择；“challenges”表示挑战；“characters”表示性格、人物。
根据句意，新技术给人们的生活带来了很多变化，所以选A。
2.The scientist is working on a new ______ that could change the future.A.inventionB.invitationrmationD.instruction答案：A。
本题考查名词辨析。
“invention”表示发明；“invitation”表示邀请；“information”表示信息；“instruction”表示指示、说明。
科学家在研究一项新发明，这项发明可能会改变未来，所以选A。
3.The discovery of this new material is a major ______ in the field of science.A.achievementB.agreementC.advantageD.announcement答案：A。
本题考查名词辨析。
“achievement”表示成就；“agreement”表示同意；“advantage”表示优势；“announcement”表示公告。
新物质的发现是科学领域的一项重大成就，所以选A。
4.The company is investing heavily in research and development to stay ahead in the ______ of technology.A.areaB.armyC.articleD.aspect答案：A。
2021届高考英语二轮复习题型突击专题08阅读理解之科技发展类含解析202103022224
专题08 科技发展类P P a a r r t t11题题型型总总览览【题型综述】“科技发展”是高中新课程标准话题之一。
该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。
文章思想性和时代感强，题材涉及发明创造、科技创新、科技与生活、科学研究等。
文章体裁一般为说明文，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和，文章的遣词造句地道，思维逻辑独具英语语言的特点。
这些文章和题目不仅能让考生体会到科学的无限趣味和实际功用，而且促使考生深入思考科技创新在人类生活和发展过程中起到的重要作用。
【技巧点拨】科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、篇幅长、生词多、句式结构复杂。
文本结构一般包括五个部分：标题（headline）、导语（introduction）、背景（background）、主干（main body）和结尾（ending）。
标题高度精辟地概括文章中心思想。
高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。
导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。
背景则交代研究的起因或者问题现状。
主干部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究的理论构架、研究对象、研究方法、具体的实验、统计等过程。
结尾通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、后续研究的方向等，与导语相呼应。
另外，谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文去伪存真。
掌握选项设置的规律对甄别正确选项大有帮助。
一般说来，正确选项为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。
而干扰项分为“X冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。
【读相关词】1. accessible adj. 易接近的；可得到的2.automatic adj. 自动的3.breakthrough n. 重大进展；突破4.digital adj. 数字的；数码的5.privilege n. 特权；特殊待遇6.procedure n. 程序；手续7.revolution n. 革命8.drawback n. 缺点；不利条件9.transform v. 改造；改革；变换；改变ptop n. 笔记本电脑11.system n. 系统；体系12.monitor n. 监视器；显示屏13.data n. 数据，资料14.download n．& vt. 下载15.astronaut n. 宇航员16.astronomer n. 天文学家17.atmosphere n. 大气，大气层18.astronomy n. 天文学19.discovery n．发现20.experiment n. 实验21.technology n. 科技22.advanced adj. 高级的23..high-tech adj 高科技的24.systematic adj.有系统的,有计划有步骤的25.indicate v.表明26.represent v.正式] 描绘,展现27.mobile payment 移动支付28.Electronic T oll Collection全自动电子收费29.RFID:radio frequency identification devices 无线电射频标识、电子标签30.sensor network 由传感器组成的传感网31.cloud puting 云计算32.readout 数字读出33.transplant n.& vt.移植34..cyberspace n.网络空间35.WeChat n.微信36.manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船37.artificial intelligence 人工智能38.be equipped with 装备，配备39.on a large scale 大规模地40.potential adj.潜在的；可能的41.artificial adj.人工的；人造的42.have an impact/effect on 对……有影响43.be available to 供……使用44.put forward 提出45.be suitable for 适合46.to a certain degree 在某种程度上47.surf the Internet 上网浏览信息48.have access to/be accessible to 能使用49.with the development of science and technology随着科技的发展50.chat online 在线聊天51.make efriends 交网友52.keep in touch with 与……保持联系53.make a great difference 起很大作用54.change one's life 改变某人的生活55.benefit from ... 得益于，从……获益56.relate to/be linked to 与……有关联57.take the place of 代替58.devote oneself to 致力于59.e true 实现60.keep/catch up with 赶上61.be different from/differ from 与……不同62.enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能做某事63.take sth. into consideration 把某事考虑进去64.lead to/contribute to/result in/bring about 导致65.play an important role in 在某方面起重要作用66.improve the quality of life for humans提高人们的生活质量67.be addicted to 对……上瘾68.distract one's attention 分散某人的注意力69.electric books 电子读物70.text message 手机短信P P a a r r t t22真真题题感感悟悟【真题详解】【2020某某】For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals inother fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short mercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the ining sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet es back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows panies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, “spotsound”creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.46．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A．It causes temporary hearing loss.B．It slows down a running man.C．It makes it easy to identify a suspect.D．It keeps the suspect from hurting others.47．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed to ________. A．silence the people around youB．remove the sound of mercialsC．block the ining sound wavesD．stop unwanted sound from affecting you48．What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share? A．They travel in circles.B．They clear the atmosphere.C．They can be transformed into energy.D．They can be directed onto a specific area.49．Directed sound can be used for ________.A．creative designs of restaurant menusB．ideal sound effects on the theater stageC．different choices of music for businessesD．strict control over any suspicious customer50．What does the passage focus on?A．How professionals invented sound products. B．Inventions in the field of sound technology.C．The growing interest in the study of sound.D．How sound engineers work in their studios.【答案】46．A47．D48．D49．C50．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。
高考英语冲刺：专题二 阅读理解(四选一)+第2讲(二)专题训练
专题训练对应学生用书P071[1](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). “We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than ‘Are you working towards your goal？’Basically, it's ‘I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and...it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.【语篇解读】本文体裁为记叙文。
高三英语科学前沿动态引人关注单选题30题及答案
高三英语科学前沿动态引人关注单选题30题及答案1.The new technology, known as AI, is changing our lives rapidly. Which of the following is NOT an application of AI?A.Face recognitionB.V oice assistantC.Manual laborD.Autonomous driving答案：C。
本题考查对人工智能（AI）应用的了解。
选项A“Face recognition”（ 人脸识别）、选项B“V oice assistant”（ 语音助手）和选项D“Autonomous driving”（自动驾驶）都是人工智能的常见应用。
而选项C“Manual labor” 体力劳动）并非人工智能的应用。
2.In the field of scientific research, quantum computing is considereda revolutionary technology. What is the main advantage of quantum computing over traditional computing?A.Higher speedB.Lower costC.Smaller sizeD.Easier operation答案：A。
本题考查量子计算的优势。
量子计算相比传统计算的主要优势是更高的速度。
选项B“Lower cost” 更低成本）、选项C“Smaller size”（ 更小尺寸）和选项D“Easier operation”（ 更容易操作）都不是量子计算的主要优势。
3.The development of 5G technology has brought many changes. Which of the following is NOT a feature of 5G?A.High speedB.Low latencyC.Narrow bandwidthD.Massive connectivity答案：C。
中考英语科技前沿阅读理解20题
中考英语科技前沿阅读理解20题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the field of healthcare. In the medical field, AI has shown great potential in various aspects.One of the main applications of AI in healthcare is disease diagnosis. AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of medical data, such as medical images and patient records, to help doctors make more accurate diagnoses. For example, AI can detect early signs of diseases like cancer and heart disease, which can lead to earlier treatment and better outcomes.Another advantage of AI in healthcare is personalized medicine. By analyzing a patient's genetic information and medical history, AI can recommend personalized treatment plans. This can improve the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the risk of side effects.However, AI in healthcare also faces some challenges. One of the main challenges is data privacy and security. Medical data is highly sensitive and needs to be protected. Another challenge is the lack of regulatory guidelines for AI in healthcare. This can make it difficult for hospitals and doctors to ensure the safety and effectiveness of AI systems.Despite these challenges, the future of AI in healthcare lookspromising. As technology continues to advance, AI is expected to play an increasingly important role in improving healthcare quality and saving lives.1. What is one of the main applications of AI in healthcare?A. Drug development.B. Disease diagnosis.C. Hospital management.D. Medical research.答案：B。
中考英语阅读理解之科技前沿30题
中考英语阅读理解之科技前沿30题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) is making significant strides in the field of healthcare. AI-powered systems are being used to analyze medical images, such as X-rays and MRIs, with remarkable accuracy. These systems can detect diseases and abnormalities that might be missed by human eyes.For example, in the detection of lung cancer, AI algorithms can analyze CT scans and identify potential tumors at an early stage. This early detection can greatly improve the chances of successful treatment.AI is also being used in the development of personalized medicine. By analyzing a patient's genetic data, AI can help doctors prescribe the most effective treatment plan. Additionally, AI chatbots are being developed to provide medical advice and answer patients' questions.In the future, AI is expected to play an even greater role in healthcare. It may help predict disease outbreaks, improve patient care, and reduce healthcare costs.1. What is AI being used for in the field of healthcare?A. Analyzing financial data.B. Analyzing medical images.C. Designing buildings.D. Writing novels.答案：B。
高三科技创新英语阅读理解20题
高三科技创新英语阅读理解20题1. In the field of artificial intelligence, what is one of the most significant applications currently?A. Self - driving carsB. Robot cookingC. AI - generated paintingsD. Virtual pet training答案：A解析：文章中提到在人工智能领域，自动驾驶汽车是当前最显著的应用之一，其他选项未在文章中体现为最显著的应用。
2. Regarding space technology, which of the following has greatly improved the efficiency of satellite communication?A. New - type solar panelsB. Advanced antenna systemsC. High - speed propellersD. Ultra - light satellite bodies答案：B解析：根据文章内容，先进的天线系统极大地提高了卫星通信的效率，而其他选项与提高卫星通信效率无关。
3. In biotechnology, what is a major breakthrough in recent years?A. Cloning of extinct animalsB. Gene editing technologyC. Artificial synthesis of proteinsD. Telepathic communication with animals答案：B解析：文章指出基因编辑技术是近年来生物技术的一个重大突破，其他选项不符合文章描述。
4. How does artificial intelligence contribute to medical diagnosis?A. By replacing all doctorsB. Through analyzing large amounts of medical dataC. Using magic to detect diseasesD. Only for cosmetic surgery advice答案：B解析：从文章可知，人工智能通过分析大量的医疗数据来为医疗诊断做出贡献，不是取代医生、使用魔法或者仅用于整容手术建议。
高一科技创新前沿英语阅读理解25题
高一科技创新前沿英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the field of healthcare. AI has the potential to revolutionize medical diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. One of the most significant applications of AI in healthcare is in medical imaging. AI algorithms can analyze medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs with greater accuracy and speed than human radiologists. This can lead to earlier detection of diseases and more accurate diagnoses.Another area where AI is making a significant impact is in drug discovery. AI can analyze large amounts of data from biological and chemical databases to identify potential drug candidates. This can significantly reduce the time and cost of drug development.AI is also being used to personalize treatment plans for patients. By analyzing a patient's genetic makeup, medical history, and lifestyle factors, AI can recommend personalized treatment plans that are more likely to be effective.However, the use of AI in healthcare also presents some challenges. One of the main challenges is the need for large amounts of high-quality data. AI algorithms need access to large amounts of data to learn andimprove their performance. Another challenge is the need for regulatory approval. The use of AI in healthcare is still a relatively new field, and there are currently few regulations in place to ensure the safety and effectiveness of AI-based medical products.Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of AI in healthcare are enormous. As AI technology continues to develop and improve, it is likely to play an increasingly important role in the future of healthcare.1. What is one of the most significant applications of AI in healthcare?A. Medical research.B. Medical imaging.C. Patient care.D. Drug development.答案：B。
高考英语科技类说明文阅读解题实用技巧——以2017~2019年全国卷为例
说明文是一种以“说明”为主要表达方式的文章体裁。
它通过科学、客观、严谨的解说，阐释客观事物或抽象事理。
说明文语篇的重点类别之一科技类说明文，是近三年来高考英语阅读理解考题中出现频率较高的考察对象。
不少科技类说明文聚焦于前沿的科学技术，展示运用先进科技的产品如何给生活带来变化，也包括对一些技术和发明的前景展望。
这类文章一般选材于科技类的新闻或研究报告，观点新颖独特，符合考生探究新事物的好奇心理，但是文章涉及的话题离考生生活有一定距离且生僻词汇多、句型结构复杂，阅读难度大。
说明文阅读题旨在考查考生运用现有的词汇和语法知识，理解文章长难句，整体把握语篇大意，同时要求学生通过平时的阅读积累和知识储量来应对不同话题。
科技类说明文阅读由于题目设置多样，成为多数考生畏惧的同时，也是容易失分的部分。
不论是什么样的题目类型和难度等级，在解答时都有对应的方法和技巧，只要熟练掌握一些规律性的技巧就能高效答题。
本文结合近三年来全国卷高考试题，简要阐述五种科技类说明文阅读理解的实用技巧，以帮助考生更好作答。
一、基本辨识基本辨识是在通读文章后的第一步，需要辨识的主要内容分为三个方面，即写作目的、目标读者和文章来源。
这需要学生从文章的结构、内容、用词通篇考虑。
一般来说，科技类说明文的写作目的是介绍性的，目标读者是具有一定认知能力的非专业读者，文章主要来自一些偏学术化的杂志和书籍，应根据具体情况做分析。
【例1】（2019年全国卷Ⅰ，C篇）31.Where is this text most likely from?A.A diaryB.A guidebookC.A novelD.A magazine.【答案与解析】文章介绍一种可有效防止网络数据盗窃的智慧键盘。
这是站在客观的角度简要介绍一项新的科技产品，并没有详细告知操作过程。
文章最后提到希望产品早日进入市场，表明该产品尚处于开发阶段。
因此，这篇文章很有可能是来源于杂志或报纸的科技新闻，只有D项符合。
2021高考英语阅读理解（现代科技）（含解析）
（现代科技）李仕才【话题导读】灯柱伞是一种有雨水感应伞的灯柱，这样人们在忘记带雨伞时就不会挨淋了。
LampbrellaYou can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. ①But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why he created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella.The designer says he ②come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street ad saw the street lamps ③lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy built into a street lamp.” he said.The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella ④on demand. Sensors then ensure that the umbrella offers p edestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.⑤In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on my street where alot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.灯柱伞你不会每次都预测到大雨到来或记得带上雨伞。
2023年高考英语新时政热点阅读 13 科学技术(含解析)
2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-科学技术01（河北省示范性高中2022-2023学年高三9月调研考试英语试题）Housing ranks high among the numerous challenges that still need to be overcome before humans can colonize(征服) Mars. The brave pioneers that make the six-month voyage to the Red Planet will need a place to live in as soon as they land. While the best solution would be to have the structures ready before they get there, it has so far been a challenge given that most construction robots have never made it out of the laboratory. Now, there may be a bit of hope thanks to Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s newly revealed Digital Construction Platform (DCP).The DCP comprises a double arm system that is fitted on a tracked vehicle. As the larger arm moves, the smaller, precision motor robotic arm builds the structure by shooting out the necessary construction material, ranging from insulation foam(绝缘泡沫) to concrete. The team of researchers led by Ph. D．Steven Keating say that unlike other 3-D printers that are limited to building objects that fit within their overall enclosure, DCP’s free moving systems can be used to construct structures of any size.The team recently demonstrated the DCP’s building skills on an empty field in Mountain View, CA．The robot began by creating a mold with expanding foam that hardens when dry. It then constructed the building, layer by layer, using sensors to raise itself higher as it progressed. The final product was a sturdy “home” that had 50-foot diameter walls and a 12-foot high roof with room for essentials like electricity wires and water pipes to be inserted inside. Even more impressive? It took a mere 14 hours to “print”!The researchers’ next plan is to make the DCP smart enough to analyze the environment where the structure is going to be built and determine the material densities best suited for the area. However, that’s noteven the best part. Future DCP models are going to be solar-powered, autonomous, and, most importantly, capable of sourcing construction components from its surroundings. This means the robot can be sent to remote, disaster-stricken areas, and perhaps even to Mars, to build shelters using whatever material is available.1．What do we learn from the first paragraph?A．Housing pioneers on Mars is a reality.B．Colonizing Mars is out of the question.C．Building structures on Mars is in the testing phases.D．Finding a liveable place on Mars is a top priority.2．How does the DCP differ from other 3-D printers?A．It consumes less time.B．It comes in more different sizes.C．It is more environmentally friendly.D．It can build more diverse structures.3．What is the third paragraph mainly about?A．The successful case of the DCP.B．The working principle of the DCP.C．The instructions of using the DCP.D．The limitation of the DCP’s function.4．What might be the biggest highlight of future DCP ?A．Being powered by solar.B．Building shelters anywhere.C．Collecting building materials on site.D．Analyzing building material densities.02（2022·河南·洛宁县第一高级中学高三开学考试）Climate science has been rapidly advancing in recent years, but the foundations were laid hundreds of years ago.In the 1820s, French scientist Joseph Fourier theorized that Earth must have some way of keeping heat and that the atmosphere may play some role. In 1850, American scientist Eunice Newton Foote put thermometers(温度计)in glass bottles and experimented with placing them in sunlight. Inside the bottles, Foote compared dry air, wet air, N2, O2 and CO, and found that the bottle containing humid air warmed upmore and stayed hotter longer than the bottle containing dry air,and that it was followed by the bottle containing CO2. In 1859, Irish scientist John Tyndall began measuring how much heat different gases in the atmosphere absorb. And in 1896, Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius concluded that more CO2in the atmosphere would cause the planet to heat up: These findings planted some of the earliest seeds of climate science.The first critical breakthrough happened in 1967 when Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald connected energy absorbed by the atmosphere to the air movement vertically over Earth.They built a model which first included all the main physical processes related to climate changes. The predictions and the explanations based on their model still hold true in the real world almost half a century later.The model was improved in the 1980s by Klaus Hasselmann who connected short-term weather patterns with long-term climate changes. Hasselmann found that even random weather data could yield insight into broader patterns.“ The greatest uncertainty in the model remains what human beings will do. Figuring it out is 1,000 times harder than understanding the physics behind climate changes,” Manabe said.“ There are many things we can do to prevent climate change. The whole question is whether people will realize that something which will happen in20 or 30 years is something you have to respond to now.”So, it’s up to us to solve the problem that these pioneers helped the world understand.5．What does the word “humid” underlined in paragraph 2 mean?A．Cool.B．Cold.C．Dry.D．Wet.6．What is Klaus Hasselmann’s contribution to climate science?A．He found that CO2 causes global warming.B．He invented a unique measuring instrument.C．He improved Manabe and Wetherald’s model.D．He built a reliable model on climate change.7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A．The biggest problem with the climate model.B．The necessity for human beings to take action now.C．The challenge of understanding climate change.D．Measures to be taken to prevent climate change.8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Negative Effects of the Global WarmingB．Historic Breakthroughs in Climate ScienceC．Main Causes Leading to Climate ChangeD．Difficulties of Preventing Climate Change03（2022·河北邯郸·高三开学考试）To effectively interact with humans in crowded social settings, such as malls, hospitals, and other public spaces, robots should be able to actively participate in both group and one-to-one interactions. Most existing robots, however, have been found to perform much better when communicating with individual users than with groups of conversing humans. Hooman Hedayati and Daniel Szafir, two researchers at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, have recently developed a new data-driven technique that could improve how robots communicate with groups of humans.One of the reasons why many robots occasionally misbehave while participating in a group conversation is that their actions heavily rely on data collected by their sensors. Sensors, however, are prone (易于遭受) to errors, and can sometimes be disturbed by sudden movements and obstacles in the robot’s surroundings.“If the robot’s camera is masked by an obstacle for a second, the robot might not see that person, and as a result, it ignores the user,” Hedayati explained. “Based on my experience, users find these misbehaviors disturbing. The key goal of our recent project was to help robots detect and predict the position of an undetected person within the conversational group.”The technique developed by Hedayati and Szafir was trained on a series of existing datasets. By analyzing the positions of other speakers in a group, it can accurately predict the position of an undetected user.In the future, the new approach could help to enhance the conversational abilities of both existing and newly developed robots. This might in turn make them easier to serve in large public spaces, including malls, hospitals, and other public places. “The next step for us will be to improve the gaze behavior of robots in a conversational group. People find robots with a better gaze behavior more intelligent. We want to improve the gaze behavior of robots and make the human-robot conversational group more enjoyable for humans.” Hedayati said.9．What is the technique developed by Hedayati and Szafir based on?A．Data.B．Cameras.C．Existing robots.D．Social settings.10．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?A．The working procedure of robots.B．The ability of robots to communicate.C．The experience of the researchers.D．The shortcomings of existing robots.11．What will happen if a robot’s camera is blocked?A．It will stop working.B．It will break down.C．It will abuse its user.D．It will misbehave.12．What do we know about the new data-driven technique?A．It is considered a failure.B．It has been used in malls.C．It gets satisfactory result.D．It only works with new robots.04（2021·浙江湖州·高三阶段练习）Researchers say they have used brain waves of a paralyzed man who cannot speak to produce words from his thoughts onto a computer. A team led by Dr. Edward Chang at the University of California, San Francisco, carried out the experiment.“Most of us take for granted how easily we communicate through speech,” Chang told The Associated Press. “It’s exciting to think we’re at the very beginning of a new chapter, a new field to ease the difficulties of patients who lost that ability.” The researchers admit that such communication methods for paralysis victims will require years of additional research. But, they say the new study marks an important step forward.Today, paralysis victims who cannot speak or write have very limited ways of communicating. For example, a victim can use a pointer attached to a hat that lets him move his head to touch words or letters on a screen. Other devices can pick up a person’s eye movements. But such methods are slow and a very limited replacement for speech.Using brain signals to work around disabilities is currently a hot field of study. Chang’s team built their experiment on earlier work. The process uses brain waves that normally control the voice system. The researchers implanted electrodes on the surface of the man’s brain, over the area that controls speech. A computer observed the patterns when he attempted to say common words such as “water” or “good.” Overtime, the computer became able to differentiate between 50 words that could form more than 1,000 sentences. Repeatedly given questions such as “How are you today?” or “Are you thirsty,” the device enabled the man to answer “I am very good” or “No, I am not thirsty.” The words were not voiced, but were turned into text on the computer.In an opinion article published with the study, Harvard brain doctors Leigh Hochberg and Sydney Cash called the work a “pioneering study.” The two doctors said the technology might one day help people with injuries, strokes or diseases like Lou Gehrig’s. People with such diseases have brains that “prepare messages for delivery, but those messages are trapped,” they wrote.13．How is the new method different from the current ones?A．It involves a patient’s brain waves.B．It can pick up a patient’s eye movements.C．It is a very limited replacement for speech.D．It can help a patient regain his speech ability.14．What does the underlined word “differentiate” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Organize.B．Learn.C．Distinguish.D．Speak.15．What was Leigh Hochberg and Sydney Cash’s attitude towards the study?A．Positive.B．Negative.C．Doubtful.D．Critical.16．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Researchers Found Good Methods to Help Paralyzed PatientsB．Device Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Help Him CommunicateC．Years of Additional Work Needed to Improve the Communication MethodsD．Device Uses Brain Waves of Paralyzed Man to Cure His Speaking Disability05（2022·安徽·高三开学考试）When people think of farming today, they usually picture a tractor (拖拉机) rather than horses in the farmland. That’s because tractors that relied on engines revolutionized farming in the late 1800s. Now a new type of tractor can do the same in the 21st century.Agriculture has been changing dramatically in the last few decades. The push for innovation is fed by the need to produce larger amounts of food for a growing world population. Autonomous tractors may be the key to solving this challenge. They can be used to carry out labor-intensive farming while allowing farmersto do other work. A big plus is that it can increase crop output while reducing costs because the autonomous machines can work in all weather conditions without any rest.Part of push for automation is a shortage of farm workers due to people’s desire to have higher paying jobs with better work conditions. Farm owners are competing against companies like Amazon and restaurants that are raising wages to attract workers. “With labor shortages and the increase in the hourly wages that have to be paid in order to be competitive, all of a sudden automation seems like a more reasonable decision,” said David Swartz, a professor at Penn State University.Many believe the time is ripe for an autonomous revolution because robotics is already in use in agriculture. One company that is working to bring autonomous tractors into main stream farming is Blue and White Robotics, an Israeli agricultural technology company, whose mission is to make a fully autonomous farm. The company released an autonomous tractor kit in February 2021 that can be fixed on any existing tractor. The kit includes camera detection, speed controls, as well as an anti-crash system. Blue and White’s kit is being used by West Coast growers in the US. It may soon come to a farm near you.17．What contributes to the agricultural revolution according to Paragraph 2?A．The urge to feed more people.B．The extreme weather conditions.C．The need to reduce farming cost.D．The desire for automatic farming.18．What is Swartz’s attitude to automation?A．Critical.B．Negative.C．Supportive.D．Indifferent.19．What can be inferred about Blue and White’s kit?A．It has been widely used.B．It can be made in many firms.C．It can improve safety of tractors.D．It will detect the way of farming.20．What may be a suitable title for the text?A．Automation Is Transforming Agriculture B．Big Companies Are Making A Difference C．Driverless Tractors Are Worth Investing D．Traditional Farming Is Falling out of Date参考答案：1．C2．D3．A4．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
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［复记强化］ increasingly adv.不断增加地 apply vt. 应用 concept n. 概念 tendency n. 倾向 similarly adv. 类似地 beneficial adj. 有益的 long-term adj. 长期的 experiment n. 实验 superior adj. 优越的 revision n. 复习
Serval says that one day, it‟ll be possible to replace the brush on the handle with a brushing unit that also has a camera.
结构分析：句中says后的that引导一个宾语从 句，该从句中又含有一个that引导的定语从句， 修饰a brushing unit。 汉语大意：Serval说总有一天，带有摄像机的 牙刷有可能代替有柄的牙刷。
A. It has been completed but not put into use. B. The basement caught fire by accident. C. Some versions failed before its test run. D. The designers were well-prepared for the difficulty.
科技前沿
(三十五) 1. Which is one of the features of the Kolibree toothbrush?
A. It can sense how users brush their teeth. B. It can track users‟ school performance. C. It can detect users‟ fear of seeing a dentist. D. It can help users find their phones.
5. What can we learn about the future development of the Kolibree?
A. The brush handle will be removed. B. A mobile phone will be built into it. C. It will be used to fill holes in teeth. D. It will be able to check users‟ teeth. D 推理判断题。本文最后一句的意思是“当你刷 牙时, 这个相机甚至能检查你牙齿上的洞”, 故选 D。
4. How could the LongPen be used in the future?
［复记强化］ inventor n.发明者 performance n. 表现 wireless connection 无线连接 toothbrush n. 牙刷 dentist n. 牙科医生 replace vt. 代替 examine vt. 检查 handle n. 把手；手柄
［难句理解］
A 细节理解题。第一段中的“An electric toothbrush senses…”和第二段中的“It senses how it is moved…” 点出了这款牙刷 的特点是能感知刷牙的时间、质量和牙刷 是怎样移动的, 也就是使用者是怎样刷牙的。
2. What can we learn from Serval‟s words in Paragraph 3? A. You will find it enjoyable to see a dentist. B. You should see your dentist on a day-to-day basis. C. You can brush with the Kolibree as if guided by a dentist. D. You‟d like a dentist to watch you brush your teeth every day.
C 细节理解题。由第五段最后一句Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts可以看出，如果说用电脑打字记笔记的人 与手写笔记的人相比，各方面表现较差这一说 法不正确。从第四段第一句和第七段第一句看 出A正确。由第七段第一句和第八段第一句可 以看出B正确。由第七段第一句后半句可以看出 D正确。
C 细节理解题。从第三段第三句The device went through several versions，说明在成功制 作出远程钢笔之前，是尝试了不同版本的，但 只有最后这个版本才成功了。选项A从第三段 最后一句看出是错误的，B选项从第三段第三 句后半句看出是错误的，D从第三ch of the following statements is NOT true? A. In both experiment, students were either given a laptop or pen and paper. B. One experiment is tested students‟ immediate learning while the other long-term memory. C. Laptop users perform worse than those who wrote notes by hand in all aspects in the two experiments. D. The second experiment tested the students seven days after the lecture.
5. The passage is likely to appear in _____. A. a newspaper advertisement B. a computer textbook C. a science magazine D. a finance report C 推理判断题。这是一篇研究报告，所以应 该是出自C科学杂志。
B 写作目的题。 由第一段“A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops”还有末段也对两个实验进行总结，说明 手写笔记在快速记忆和理解、未来复习上都有更 好的效果，可以看出，作者是强调手写笔记的好 处。
(三十七)
1. Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen? A. To set up her own company. B. To win herself greater popularity. C. To write her books in a new way. D. To make book signings less tiring.
3. The author of the passage aims to ____. A. examine the importance of long-term memory B. stress the benefit of taking notes by hand C. explain the process of taking notes D. promote the use of laptops
D 细节理解题。从第二段第一句After many tiring-signing tour…a better way to do them. 说明 Atwood设计远程签字笔是为了让签名会没那么累。
2. How does the LongPen work? A. It copies the author‟s signature and prints it on a book. B. It signs a book while receiving the author‟s signature. C. The webcam sends the author‟s signature to another city. D. The fan uses it to copy the author‟s signature himself.
C 细节理解题。根据Thomas Serval所说的It‟s kind of like having a dentist…可知“它有点儿像 有一个牙医在观察你刷牙”。
3. Which of the following might make the Kolibree toothbrush fun? A. It can be used to update mobile phones. B. It can be used to play mobile phone games. C. It can send messages to other users. D. It can talk to its developers.
B 推理判断题。第四段提到, 让这款牙刷既智能 又好玩的地方是它能连接到你手机上的其他应 用程序, 比如说, 可以用它来控制游戏。所以B项 是正确的。
4. What can we infer about Serval‟s children?
A. They were unwilling to brush their teeth. B. They often failed to clean their toothbrushes. C. They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head. D. They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home. A 推理判断题。由第五段中的“… but Serval would find… dry.”（他总是发现他们的牙刷头 是干的）可以推断出, 孩子们没有刷牙。这件事 说明孩子们不愿意刷牙。