Speaking to Persuade 说服性演讲高级英语选修课程
Unit 7 Speaking to Persuade 课件外国文学欣赏
Speaking to Persuade
Speaking to persuade
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Why do listeners accept one speaker’s views?
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ways, they are similar in other ways as well.
4. Appealing to emotions
Emotional appeals are intended to make listeners feel sad, angry, afraid, happy, proud or the like.
Conclusion: Only elaborating features of a certain product will not move and touch people and thus will not lead people to make a decision to buy.
General principle:
Speaking to persuade
2. They are convinced by the speaker’s reasoning.
4. They are touched by the speaker’s ideas or language.
1. They perceive the speaker as having high credibility.
George Campbell in his Philosophy of Rhetoric, ‘When persuasion is the end, passion also must be engaged.’有缘学习更多＋谓ｙｇｄ３０７６考证资 料
英语演讲 Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade
2. Before you select a topic, you must realize that your will be trying to “persuade” rather than “inform”. Here are the distinctions:
* When you give a persuasive speech, you are a leader. When you give an informative speech, you are a teacher.
* A persuasive speech asks the audience to choose an option. An informative speech simply shows and clarifies options.
Look for supporting material that will backup your general statements. Use specific examples to support your ideas.
To effectively use statistics: (1) identify the source of your statistics; (2) round off your statistics; (3) combine statistics with more tangible examples; and (4) use visual aids.
Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade
7. Remember to include all of the following parts in your outline:
英语演讲选修课chapter 2 topic教材
Topic: Emergencies General purpose: To inform Specific purpose: To inform my audience of the major steps in responding to an emergency. Central idea: The major steps in responding to an emergency are surveying the scene, contacting an emergency medical service, and starting CPR if needed.
• Ineffective: To inform my audience about the developments of AIDS and the recent testing procedures for HIV infection. • More effective: To persuade my audience about the developments of AIDS.
Selecting a topic
Speeches outside the classroom the occasion, the audience, the speaker’s qualifications Speeches in the public speaking class no designated topic
Summary
Selecting a topic Determining your general purpose Determining your specific purpose Phrasing your central idea
英语演讲选修课教案14 Persuasive 2
山东理工大学教案Lesson 12 Persuasive speeches IISample Speech with CommentaryThe following persuasive speech was presented in a public speaking class at the university of Wisconsin. It deals with a question of policy and is a good example of how students can utilize the methods of persuasion discussed in this chapter.Self-Defense on CampusRebecca HansonYou’re tired; you’re hungry. You’re just spent a long day at College Library and you can’t wait to gel back to your room. Glancing outside, you remember how quickly it becomes dark. You don’t think much of it, though, as you bundle up and head out into the gusty wind. Not until you spy the shadows on the sidewalk or hear the leaves rustling beside you do you wish you weren’t alone. You walk quickly, trying to stop your imagination from thinking of murderers and rapists. Only when you are safely inside your room do you relax and try to stop your heart from pounding out of your chest.The speaker begins with an extended hypothetical example. Vivid and richly textured, it gains attention and relates the topic directly to the audience .It also contains a strong element of emotional appeal—especially for female students who have experienced the feelings described by the speaker.Can you remember a time when you felt this way? I would be surprised if you never have. The FBI reported last year that there were three murders, approximately 430 aggravated assaults, 1,400 burglaries, and 80rapes here in Madison alone. And while these statistics are quite alarming, they don’t even compare to the numbers of larger metropolitan areas.When you begin a speech with a hypothetical example, it’s a good idea to follow up with statistics showing that the example is not farfetched. The statistics in this paragraph are especially effective because they come from the city in which the speech was given.No matter where we live, crime affects us all—men and women, students and instructors, young and old. We need to stop being the victims. One way we can do this is by enrolling in a self-defense course. There are many times I can remember when my heart seemed to pound out of my chest, but because I took an introductory course in self-defense, I feel more confident and more prepared to deal with potentially dangerous situations. Today I would like to encourage all of you to enroll in a self-defense course. Let’s start by looking at the dangers of crime we face as college students.After reinforcing the fact that crime is a concern for all members of her audience, the speaker focuses on the specific issue of enrolling in a self-defense course. She establishes her credibility by citing the benefits she gained from taking such a course. Although she stresses her personal experience here, it becomes clear as the speech goes on that she has also done a great deal of research on the topic.College students face many crime issues, both as members of society and as students on campus. These crimes endanger our money, our property, our self-confidence, our psychological well-being, and even our lives. According to the Foundation for Crime Prevention Education, violence and crime have dramatically increased. An American is six times more likely to be assaulted with a weapon today than in 1960. The FBI reports that someone is either murdered, raped, assaulted, of robbed every 16 seconds. This means today, at the end of our 50-minute class period, approximately 187 people will have been victims of a violent crime.This speech is organized according to Monroe’s motivated sequence. In this paragraph, the speaker begins her discussion of the need for students to enroll in self-defense course. Notice how she identifies the sources of her statistics and translates the figures into terms that relate directly to her classmates.College students, many of whom are away from home for the first time, are especially easy targets for crime. Students often look at campus housing as a secure place. But according to the book Street Wisdom for Women, precautions must be taken in a dorm or Greek house, just as in any house or apartment. How many of these bad habits do you have? How often do you leave your room without locking your door, forgetting how easily accessibleyour room is to anyone? How often do you fall asleep without locking your door? Or how often do you open your door without first checking to see who is there? As the Wake Forest University Police Crime Prevention website states,” Each of us must become aware of the precautions necessary to reduce the likelihood that we will become victims of crime.” Those who forget to take these precautions invite trouble.Moving from the general crime statistics in the previous paragraph, the speaker focuses on crime issues facing college students. Her questions about students’ “bad habits” with respect to crime prevention are especially effective, and her use of “you” helps draw the audience further into the speech. The quotation at the end of this paragraph is one of several pieces of evidence the speaker located on the Internet. Notice how she identifies the exact source of the quotation, rather than making the general statement “ As I discovered on the Web……”Although students must watch themselves in campus housing, they must also take care elsewhere. Prevalent use of drugs and alcohol, especially on college campuses, increases the chance of crime. Using drugs or alcohol makes you an easier target because, as we all know, it affects your judgment, influencing your decisions on safety. According to the Pacific Center for Violence Prevention, in 42 percent of all violent crimes, either the assailant, the victim, or both had been drinking. Specifically on campus, 90 percent of all violent crimes involve drugs and/or alcohol. This problem is so serious that testimony by law enforcement officials reprinted on the Security On Campus website indicates that many college campuses are the highest crime areas in their communities.The speaker completes the need section of her speech by noting that drugs and alcohol increase the crime problems faced by students. Here, as in other parts of the speech, her statistics are clearly presented and come from credible sources.So now that we see the dangers we face as students, what can we do to protect ourselves? Although there are many ways of dealing with crime, I recommend that you and every college student enroll in a self-defense course. You can choose from a variety of self-defense courses offered right here in Madison. You can find one to fit your schedule and your pocketbook. On campus, the university has a club sport called Shorin Ryu Karate, which emphasizes practical self-defense. They hold their meetings in the evening, after classes, right on campus, and they’re open to all university students,faculty and staff.This paragraph begins with a transition into the satisfaction section of the speech. Notice how clearly the speaker presents her plan and identifies the self-defense classes students can attend right on campus.Another option is Villari’s Self-Defense and Tai Chi Center, which not only offers courses in self-defense, but in tai chi, karate, and kung fu. Villari’s location on State Street is convenient for all university students. To find a class that fits your needs, you can also search over the Internet or through the Yellow Pages. I also brought along some brochures today, so if you are interested, please see me after class.Now the speaker looks at options for students who want to enroll in a self-defense class off campus. As in the previous paragraph, she provides specific information about those options. This kind of specificity is vital whenever a speaker seeks to persuade an audience to take immediate action.After enrolling in a self-defense course, you will find yourself much better prepared to deal with an emergency situation. Patrick Lee, an instructor for a course called “Self-Defense for Women: Victim or survivor,” claims the biggest thing he teaches in his courses is that you must decide from the beginning whether you want to be the victim or the survivor. Repeating over and over again that “I am a survivor” not only increases your self-confidence but helps you think more clearly in a difficult situation.Having explained her plan, the speaker moves into the visualization section of her speech, in which she will demonstrate the benefits of her plan. This is one of the most important aspects of any persuasive speech on a question of policy.I didn’t realize the importance of this myself until took an introductory course in self-defense in my high-school physical education class. After a few days of practice, each of us faced the notorious padded attacker. Expecting to enjoy fighting the attacker, I prepared to yell “NO; stop; back off,” as forcefully as possible. But before I knew it, this man, twice my size, had put me in a hold I could not get out of. My mind was so overcome with fear that I could barely muster out a “No.” immediately pictured this as a real situation, one which I probably would not have survived.In this and next paragraph, the speaker uses a personal example to illustrate the benefits of taking a self-defense class. The example also boosts the speaker’s credibility by showing that she has firsthand experience on the topic.But after a few more days of practice, we were able to go against the padded attacker one more time. This time, I no longer felt fear. I felt anger. I was angry that this man felt he could take advantage of me .This time, using what I learned, I yelled, “No; back off,” and successfully escaped his move. And this time I survived.The speaker’s success in repelling the padded attacker adds an element of emotional appeal to this section of the speech.I’m not the only example showing the benefits taking self-defense. If you’re interested, check out “Stories form Self-Defense Classes” posted to the internet by the Assault Prevention Information Network. Although I don’t have the time to share with you the dozens of success stories, I can sum them up with a quote by Cindy, 1 23-year-old woman who used her self-defense knowledge to scare off an assailant. Cindy says, “I know deep inside, where it matters most, that I have what it takes to defend myself if need be, and this feeling is one of pure joy.” As you can see ,self-defense is time and money well invested.As in other places, the speaker clearly identifies the source of evidence from the Internet. The quotation from Cindy is an instance of peer testimony, and it provides further proof of the benefits of taking a self-defense class. The final sentence of this paragraph reinforces the point made by the quotation and effectively wraps up the body of the speech.So I encourage you to enroll in a self-defense course, whether it be through a physical education class or through a private organization and whether you do it here or back in your home town. Even if you do not enroll right away, I encourage you to do so in the near future. Taking such a course could mean keeping your money, protecting your property, defending yourself, your boyfriend or girlfriend, husband or wife. It could even mean the difference between life and death.The speaker moves into her conclusion, in which she develops the action stage of Monroe’s motivated sequence. Notice how specific her call to action is and how she ties it directly to her classmates by talking in terms of “you”and “your”.Don’t ever think, “It could never happen to me .” Why not be prepared? As Patrick Lee said, “Ask yourself, do you want to be the victim or the survivor?”The closing quotation reinforces the speaker’s central idea, relates once again to the audience, and ends the speech on a dramatic note.。
PersuasiveSpeech说服性演讲课件
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Persuasion is based on your judgment about what is right or wrong, good or bad, moral or immoral, etc.
Speaker needs to justify her/his value judgment in light of a clearly defined set of standards
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Example (1)
Specific Purpose To persuade my audience that an earthquake of 9.0 or above on the Richter scale will hit Xi’an in the next ten years.
Main points I. Xi’an is long overdue for a major earthquake. II. Many geological signs indicate that a major earthquake may happen soon. III. Experts agree that a major earthquake could hit Xi’an any day.
Ways of Persuasion reasoning, emotional appeals, credibility
Purpose to influence the attitudes, beliefs, values, and acts of the audience and others
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1. Questions of Fact
Questions of fact are questions about the truth or falsity of an assertion.
英语演讲-Unit-9-Speaking-to-PersuadePPT优秀课件
3. Next, you need to select a topic. Most persuasive speech textbooks will divide topics into three different categories.
* The first involves questions of “policy”. * The second category is when the
persuasive speech focuses on questions of “value”. * The final category is persuasive speeches that focus on questions of “fact”.
Unit 9 Speaking to Persuade 4
If it is speaker-centered, then your specific purpose will usually begin as, “To persuade my audience about...” in contrast to an audience-centered speech which typically begins, “At the end of my speech, I want my audience to ...”
4. Once you decide on your speech topic and category, you must then develop your specific purpose. Depending on your course structure and theoretical perspective, your specific purpose will either be “speakercentered” or “audience-centered”.
persuasive speech-PPT文档资料17页
Please work in groups of four and finish exercise 1 &3 in the exercise.
2. Use of Reasoning
the primary method of reasoning in the speech is reasoning from principle. The principle is that diversity is something not just to be tolerated but to be embraced (paragraph 3)
Chapter 14
Speaking to Persuade
Study guide and teaching objective
Be able to identify the type of persuasive speech, namely a question of fact, a question of value or a question of policy.
the students must be tolerant of diversity if they want to uphold the principles their school stands for.
Bush uses the principle not just to encourage her audience to welcome diversity in others but to challenge them to pursue their own unique dreams, regardless of whether they fit a particular mold.
英语演讲Chapter-14-Speaking-to-Persuade
organizing speeches on questions of policy
problem-solution order
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem
Persuasive Speeches On Questions of Policy
Question of policy means a question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.
Whenever you give a speech on a question of value, be sure to give special thought to the standards for your value judgment.
organizing speeches on questions of value
problem-cause-solution order
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem,the second main point analyzes the causes of the problem,and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.
PersuasiveSpeech说服性演讲
Strongly Moderately Slightly Neutral Slightly Moderately Strongly in
Opposed Opposed Opposed
in Favor in Favor Favor
Persuasion involves any movement by a listener from left to right.
Tips for audience adaptation • Set a particular part of the whole audience as your TARGET AUDIENCE. • Tailor your speech to fit the values and concerns of your target audience.
Role of speaker an advocate
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Informative vs. Persuasive
In an informative speech, the speaker conveys facts and details.
to define, to explain and to clarify
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Types of Persuasive Speech
Persuasive speeches on questions of fact 事实问题
Persuasive speeches on questions of value 价值问题
Persuasive speeches on questions of policy 方法问题
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Organization by topics
Each main point will present a reason (why agree);
劝说性演讲主题
竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除劝说性演讲主题篇一：persuadespeaking(劝说性演讲)choosethemannerofdeathwhatifyouarefacingupwithdeath,whichmannerwillyoucho osetoleavetheworld?willyouchoosetolivelongerthatdependonkindsofmechani caltreatmentsorjustgothroughtherestofyourlifepeacef ullyandnaturallywithsomeparegoric?Itsatoughdecision insomedegrees.Asmypartnershasinformed,nowadaysmajorityofchinesear estillcontrolledbytheconservativeandtraditionalidea sthattomakethepeopleindeathlivelongerbywayofmechanicaltreatmentsisamanneroffilialduty.butwhatoutofthei rexpectationisthemuchmoreandmuchlongerpainthepeople willsuffer.comparedwithchina,Americanholdthedifferentpointofvi ewtowardsthisproblemaswehaveatotallydifferentconcep t.wearetoldanddeeplyaffectedbythetraditionalchinese thoughtscomefromconfuciusandotherancientcultures.on thecontrary,thoughwithashorterhistorythanchina,Amer icahasuniqueandrationalsocietyconceptsinmanyaspects.however,chineseandAmerican,onearth,havethecommontho ughtstowardsdeath.Andinsomedegree,Americanhasainfer iorunderstandingofdeaththanchineseowingtothehistory andculture.Yet,Americanhavechosentoavoidthemechanic altreatmentsandleavetheworldwithnopaintoinaccordwit htheirsense.however,tomaintainthelifeaslongaspossib lewithmechanicaltreatmentsiswhatmostchinesebelievei n.whatsmore,asweallknown,thetechnologyofAmericaismuch moreadvancedthanchinaandletalonethemedicine.withtheadvancedequipments,sometimesAmericanalsoshowhelples sandinabilitytothedeath.Theywilldotheirbesttosaveev erypatient,butforthepeopleindeath,theywouldratherch oosetogivetheparegorictolessenthepainandmakepatient spassedawaypeacefullyandpainlessly.Inthefaceofthedeath,thereisnodoubtthateveryonemaybe afraidofit.neverthelessitistherequiredcourseoflife. Thenwillyouwanttoleavetheworldwithtubesstillonyourb odyandsufferedpaintolivethemiserablelifewhenyouarei ndeath?howaboutwearapainlesssmilewhenweareatthedoor ofdeath.Asaoldsayinggoes:webornwithcryandtears,sowe shouldleavewithsmile.here,wepersuadeyoualltochoosethemannerofdeathwithmu chlittlepain,butwearenotdenytotryourbesttosavethepe oplewhoareabletobeingsaved.Forthepeoplewearenotcapa bleofsavingthem,thenwhatwecandoforthemistoreleaseth econstraintandhelptoreducethetimeofpaintheysuffered.篇二：劝说性演讲篇一：说服性演讲的五个步骤如何才能使自己的演讲与培训变成一次说服人的过程，而不是简单的信息传递呢？换句话说，如何才能使满肚子的蝴蝶飞出来，使传播更有效呢？要做到这一点，演讲者就必须做好以下两项基本工作：一是认真认真准备好讲稿，二是实施说服性演讲的五个步骤。
高级英语演讲课程教学大纲——中国人民大学英语演讲教学团队
The Syllabus for Advanced English Public Speaking（中国人民大学英语演讲教学团队）Basic InformationCourse code：Course type：OptionalPrerequisite for taking this course: RUC English Band 4Course period：One semesterCredits：2Textbook：Lucas, S.E. (2011). T he Art of Public Speaking (10th ed.). Beijing: Foreign Language Research and Teaching PressReference book:Carnegie, D. (2011). The Quick & Easy Way to Effective Speaking. Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press.Course ObjectivesThis is a student-centered and skill-oriented course aiming at improving students’ ability to write and deliver effective public speeches and to think critically. Students will learn the fundamental skills of public speaking such as selecting a speech topic and purpose, analyzing the audience, gathering materials, outlining the speech, using language, and speaking to inform/persuade. Students will also read, appreciate and analyze the rhetoric of famous people and common people from the past and present, and they should be able to apply its ideals and concepts to their own lives. Students will be expected to deliver speeches in the classroom and to assess the speeches of their peers.Teaching ScheduleSpeech AssignmentsIntroductory speechFor this initial assignment, you are to construct a two-minute speech introducing yourself to the class. You may focus the speech on describing a significant experience, an educational moment from your life, an important personal belief, or a favorite hobby or interest. The purpose of the speech is not to persuade the audience to share the speaker’s views but to give the audience insight into speaker’s background, personality, attitudes, or aspirations. Even though you are not expected to memorize the speech, you should use as much eye contact as possible.Informative SpeechThe purpose of the informative speech is to create or facilitate understanding among your listeners. You may choose to speak on an object, concept, process or event. The target time for the speech is three minutes. As you practice, you should time your speech to ensure that it ends within 30 seconds of the target time. You are required to use at least one visual aid and at least three sources. At least one of these sources must be scholarly. You are allowed to use more than one source located through RUC licensed databases. Delivery of the speech is to be extemporaneous.Persuasive SpeechThe purpose of this speech is to persuade your audience for or against a question of policy, fact, or value. The target time for the speech is four minutes. You are required to use a minimum of four sources. At least one of these sources must be scholarly. Remember to cite your sources orally as you use them in your speech and to list them in your bibliography. You are required to highlight the sources in your outline.Impromptu SpeechFor this assignment, the teacher will assign you a topic. You will have ten minutes of preparation time and be expected to deliver a three-minute speech. The speech should include an introduction, a body and a conclusion.Academic IntegrityPlagiarism or other forms of cheating on exams and/or other class assignments will result in a failing grade on the assignment in question and may lead to failure in the course or other penalties. Cheating is violating the rules of the course. This includes copying others’ work, giving others your work to use as their own, using notes on an in-class test, looking at others’work when you are instructed to work alone, and breaking other rules, written or announced, that are part of class policy.Plagiarizing is representing written work as your own when you are not the original source. This includes failing to cite references, failin g to set others’ work in quotation marks, and paraphrasing insufficiently even if you do give credit to someone else. Thisalso applies to spoken work.Both oral and written assignments are due on the assigned dates. No late speeches. Late speeches will be at the discretion of the teacher. Grades on late written assignments will be deducted to a certain extent.Assessment and GradingPart I: Daily Performance (Attendance, quizzes, assignments) 30%Part II: Mid-term (Introductory Speech) 10%Part III: Final 60%(Informative Speech 15%; Persuasive Speech 25%; Impromptu Speech 10%;Self Assessment or Peer Assessment or Analysis of TED Speeches 10%)Teaching and Learning ResourcesSpeeches for Analysis in ClassStudent sample speechesPot, Soil, Water (University of Wisconsin)Confronting Myself: Color of the Wind By Xia PengThe Great Wall (University of Wisconsin)Yoga: Uniting Mind, Body, and Spirit (University of Wisconsin)Making a Difference Through the Special Olympics (University of Wisconsin)Question of Culture By Sajjid Zahir Chinoy (University of Richmond)A Scene to Remember By Gu Qiubei (Shanghai International Studies University)Famous SpeechesI Have a Dream By Martin Luther KingCommencement Speech at Standford University By Steve JobsCultural Programs and the 2008 Olympic Games By Yang LanChoices and Change By Barbaba BushYes, We Can By Barack ObamaSpeeches for Appreciation After Class1.I Have a Dream By Martin Luther King2.The Space Shuttle “Challenger” Tragedy Address By Ronal Reagan3.Choices and Change By Barbaba Bush4. A Whisper of AIDS By Mary Fisher5.Women’s Rights Are Human Rights By Hilary Clinton6.Noble Peace Prize Acceptance Speech By Wangari Maathai7.Tony Blair’s Third Term Speechmencement Speech at Stanford By Steve Jobs9.Eulogy for Rosa Parks By Oprah Winfrey10.The Fringe Benefits of Failure and the Importance of Imagination By J.K. Rowling11.2009 Shanghai Meeting with Future Chinese Leaders By Barack Obama12.The Queen’s Christmas Broadcast 201213.Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln14.Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat By Winston Churchill15.Inaugural Address By John F. KennedyPublic Speaking Websites/Reference textbooks1.Collins, P. (1998). Say It with Power & Confidence. Paramus: Prentice Hall.2.Carnegie, D. (2009). How to Develop Self-Confidence & Influence People by PublicSpeaking. Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press.3.Carnegie, D. (2011). The Quick & Easy Way to Effective Speaking. Beijing: CentralCompilation & Translation Press.4. Kay, S. (2005). Practical Presentations. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and ResearchPress.5. 《美国总统就职演说集》，郑启梅编译，武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社，1991。
劝说性英语演讲稿
劝说性英语演讲稿劝说性英语演讲稿篇一：说服性演讲演讲论题：同性恋婚姻Homosexual marriage should be bannedRecently I have read really a lot of articles and ments on hether homosexual marriage should be legalized or not. It gives me a headache. Let’s see hat ill happen if homosexual marriage is permitted by la.According to the international investigation, by 2016, the proportion of gay is around to to five percent of the hole population. And this ratio has been on the rise ever since, especially in the last fe years. We kno, many countries, such as the US, China, Russia, India and so on, are no confronted ith the problem of aging population caused by lo birth rates. Once it’s alloed to get married ith someone of the same sex, they don’t have their on kids, and th en the birth rates may even be loer. And hat’s more, once homosexual marriage is legalized, many potential gays ill join the rank ithout scruple. Then the situation ill be more serious than no. If this is the case, a series of social problems may be created folloing the aging-population problem, such as heaver social burdens, greater demand forexpenditure for social security and so forth…. Life ill be more difficult for our son.Some may say there ARE ays to solve the problem of children. By adopting, going to a sperm bank or borroing uterine, or doing hatever can be done ith science and technology. But not to mention moral problems or traditional conceptions, thetechnology is far from mature. And it increases the risk of variation. Even if they have a healthy baby ultimately, ill the kids turn out to be ell? Will the kids accept the fact that both his parents are men or omen? Will they feel it abnormal to gro up in a strange family and be able to endure the pressure of public opinion? Or ill they turn out to be homosexuals, either, because their groing environment tells them it is normal. The truth is it is not decent, not right, not normal. The present homosexual population is already plagued by the sick disease; ho can e risk our next generation?Some may also say true love should not be repressed. Everyone is entitled to true love regardless of gender. True love is not guilty: this may be the reason hy some people are in favor of homosexual marriage. But are you sure you really kno this kind of love? The American sexologist Junky said that many homosexuals resulted from the mental distortion. Homosexuality，more often than not, is a result of psychological problems, hich may havestemmed from the unfortunate experience in childhood, having been hurt in a heterosexual love, rongly pursuing the sexual pleasure or some other psychological problems. Legalization of homosexual marriage ill mean our tolerant attitude to a mental disease like depression. We ill be leaving this sickness to luck. Then it is inhumanity and brutality. Could e just stand by and atch it die its on course? Of course not.For all of these reasons, ho could e ignore the mental illness ofhomosexuals to legalize homosexual marriages? Ho could e disregard the happiness and health of our next generation to legalize homosexual marriages? Ho could e leave the developmentof our society to legalize homosexual marriages? As long as e have sense of responsibility, the anser should be definitely Not.篇二：persuade speech 劝说性英语演讲范文Stop the Rumor With WisdomDear classmates, I believe most of us have heared about at least 3 internet rumors. Such as: the orld ould end in 2016, the iodine in salt can protect people from nuclear radiation. In fact, e may have seen more rumors than e thought, that is because on the one hand, ith the help of internet, rumors are increasing sincemaking and spreading them is getting more and more convenient. On the other hand, some of them ere disguised ithauthority or science or even friendly reminder, hich make it more difficult to see through.In this situation, e must do something to stop internet rumor. Because it mislead people, fright peopleand damage the peaceof society, As apart of morden times internet munication, I highly remend us to do 3 things to prevent internet rumor.Firstly, e should never be the source of rumors. I kno most of us on’t make rumors on purpose, but e can’t ensure hat e said on’t be used by other individuals intentionally, or our original meaningson’t be misinterpreted.Although th e internet is open and free, that doesn’t mean e can say hatever e ant ithout a second thought.Secondly, e shouldn’t help the spread of internet rumors. Because the ilder the rumor spreaded, the more damage it ill cause. We all kno thatthree people spreading reports of a tiger make you believe there is one around. Thanks to the internet, no e can spread the rumor ith only one share button. Even though e didn’t take the rumor for real hen e push the button, it is possible for others to believe these rumors because they trustus. In the orst situation, our reputation may be destoried by this reckless behavior.Last but not least, e should try our best to terminate the rumor. And that depends on our isdom.In most cases, the rumors alays pretend to be the truth, for that most of us ould rather believe than not. But in fact, that doesn’t benefit anyone. The right ay is keepingsuspicious about hat e seeand hear, especially ofthose shocking or illogical. And using our professnial knoledge to make the right choice.As the old saying goes, the ise men ended rumours. I believe as graduate students, e have enough isdom to be the terminators of rumor. So, let’s stop the rumor ith isdom.篇三：介绍性英语演讲稿 Morning everyone,Ifeel excited to have the chance to give you a short speach here. Let’s see a phenomenon,e can’t live for a minite ithout it,cellphone.Just as a fish can’t live ithout ater.But hy is cell phone so attractive?Iguess that it is softare applications that makes it. nWhether you acknoledge or not,smart phone has changed our lives in the past ten years.Sincerely speaking,softaer applications make our lives more and more colorful.They cover almost every aspects of our lives,such asclothing,eating,travelling,payingand entertaining.These kinds of softare applications makes us approach to everything.We can order take out even in dormotory.They give us a moving map hen e are travelling.What’s more.,they provide us ith quantities of games,hich occupys almost all our free time.Ten years have seen the rapid development of softare applications.It’s really unbelieveable that they developed so prehensively,they have became helpers of us.They beepractical,they press close to the tendency.In addition,they make our lives more and more convenient.It’s a tendency tha t everything is to develop into mobile one,hich truly makes room for softare applications.People rae accustomed to paying on phone.And other people have the desire to do everything by their smart phone.since the softare applications are used so frequently,safty and pravicy truly catch our attention.So hat’s the tendency of requirement of market today?Or hat’s the development of softare applications in the future?Maybe the inventors are supposed to focus on the tendency of the development of the orld,pay attention to the requirement of users.What’s more,hat’s the most important is safty. Only follo the tendency can they develop ell.That’s all my speech.Thank you for listening.1篇四：终身学习的必要性演讲打分细则：1-5分1、演讲者要和听众目光接触，除非确有必要再看书面提示；2、声音足够大保证每位听众能够听到；3、使用适当的语速；4、演讲要有趣、吸引人，富有知识性。
5演讲劝解
d. The murder suspect claims he is innocent, but why should anyone listen to him ? He is high-school dropout. (ad hominem人身攻击谬误) e. Surely, Olympic Math is good for children. After all, it is popular throughout China.( bandwagon从众效
a.
b.
c.
Raising a child is like having a pet – you need to feed it, play with it, and everything will be fine. (invalid analogy无效类比) Every time the cheerleaders have worn blue ribbons, the basketball team has won. If the team wants to keep winning, the cheerleaders should continue wearing blue ribbons. (false cause因果缪误) No one in my family has ever suffered from diabetes. Therefore ,I don’t think it is a serious problem in China. (hasty generalization草率结论谬
Organizing:
＊Problem-solution Order (antibacterial chemicals in household products)
Speaking to Persuade 说服性演讲高级英语选修课程—英语演讲的 .ppt
13
Credibility (ethos)：
The audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.
2. “Personal computers are not likely to be much different in ten years than they are today.” (Zhang Yimou)
1. “Despite changes in audience values, there will always be a market for well-made kung fu films.” (Zhang Yimou)
• we all share one thing in common—we are all concerned with the quality of education at this school.
• Whether we like it or not, we have a problem—a problem that affects each of us.
Tips:
•
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英语演讲选修课教案13 Persuasive 1
山东理工大学教案注：教案附后Lesson 11 Persuasive speech I---Speaking to persuadePersuasion is the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people’s beliefs or actions. When you speak to persuade, you act as an advocate. Your job is to sell a program, to defend an idea, to refute an opponent, or to inspire people to action. The ability to speak persuasively will benefit you in every part of your life, from personal relations to community activities to career aspirations.I. The psychology of persuasionAs with other kinds of public speaking, you will be most effective in persuasion if you approach it systematically. The first step is to understand that persuasion is a psychological process. It occurs in a situation where two or more points of view exist. The speaker supports school vouchers, but many listeners do not. The speaker considers doctor-assisted suicide immoral, but some in the audience think it is justified in certain circumstances, The speaker wants everyone in the audience to sign up immediately to learn CPR, but most listeners are inclined to procrastinate and will do it "someday." The different points of view may be completely opposed, or they may simply be different in degree. Whichever the case, there must be a disagreement, or else there would be no need for persuasion.II. The challenge of Persuasive SpeakingOf all the kinds of public speaking, persuasion is the most complex and the most challenging. Your objective is more ambitious than in speaking to inform, and audience analysis and adaptation become much more demanding. In some persuasive speeches you will deal with controversial topics that touch on your listeners' most basic attitudes, values, and beliefs, This will increase your listeners' resistance to persuasion and made your task much more difficult. What seems perfectly logical to some listeners may seem wildly irrational to others. No matter how expert you are on the topic, no matter how skillfully you prepare the speech, no matter how captivating your delivery-some listeners will not agree with you.This does not mean persuasion is impossible. It does mean you should enter a persuasive speaking situation with a realistic sense of what you can accomplish. You can't expect a group of die-hard Democrats to become Republicans or a steak lover to turn vegetarian as a result of one speech.In every persuasive speech, you will face some listeners who are strongly in favor of your position, some who are neutral, and some who are adamantly opposed.. If listeners are neutral or only moderately committed one way or another, you can realistically hope your speech will move at least some of them toward your side. If listeners are strongly opposed to your viewpoint, you can consider your speech a success if it leads even a few to reexamine their views.How successful you are in any particular persuasive speech will depend above all on how well you tailor your message to the values, attitudes, and beliefs of your audience. Persuasion is a strategic activity. Just as a businesswoman or a military commander plots a strategy to gain a big sale or to be victorious in battle, so a persuasive speaker must have a strategy to win the audience to her or his side.In order to hit your target, some methods must be used. Next, we will focus on the three major kinds of persuasive speeches and how to organize them most effectively. We will first look at speeches on questions of fact, then at speeches on questions of value, and finally at speeches on questions of policy.III. Persuasive speeches on questions of factWhat are questions of fact? ---A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.Many questions of fact cannot be answered absolutely,. There is a true answer, but we do not know enoughinformation to know what it is. Some questions like this involve prediction: will the economy be better or worse next year? Will another earthquake strike California before the year 2010?Other questions deal with issues on which the facts are murky or inclusive. What will happen next in the Middle East? Is sexual orientation genetically determined? Did Shakespeare really write the plays attributed to him? No one knows the final answers to these questions, but that doesn’t stop people from thinking about them or from trying to convince other people that they have the best possible answers.This kind of speeches is usually organized topically. Suppose you are trying to persuade your audience that genetically engineered crops pose serious dangers to the environment and to human health. Your specific purpose, central idea, and main points might be:Specific purpose: To persuade my audience that genetically engineered crops pose serious dangers to the environment and to human healthCentral idea: Genetically engineered crops have the potential to create major environmental and health hazards. Main points:I.. Genetically engineered crops will create environmental havoc by harming beneficial insects while creating superbugs and superweeds that will be very difficult to control.II. Genetically engineered crops will create health problems by introducing harmful toxins and allergens into foods without the knowledge of consumers.IV. Persuasive speeches on questions of valueWhat are questions of value? ---A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.What is the best movie of all time？Is the cloning of human beings morally justifiable? What are the ethical responsibilities of journalists? Such questions not only involve matters of fact, but they also demand value judgments---judgments based on a person’s beliefs about what is right or wrong, good or bad, moral or immoral, proper or improper, fair or unfair.Take the issue of cloning. It can be discussed at a purely factual level by asking, ―What are the scientific methods of cloning?‖ or ―What are the differences between cloning and genetic engineering?‖ These are questions of fact. It has nothing to do with the morality of cloning.But suppose you ask, ―Is it morally justifiable to clone human being?‖ or ―Is it ethically acceptable to clone human cells in an effort to cure diseases such as AIDS and cancer?‖ Now you are dealing with questions of value. How you answer will depend not only on your factual knowledge about cloning, but also on your moral values.Persuasive speeches on questions of value are mostly organized topically. The most common approach is to devote your first main point to establishing the standards for your value judgment and your second main point to applying those standards to the subject of your speech.Specific purpose: To persuade my audience that bicycle riding is the ideal form of land transportation.Central idea: bicycle riding is the ideal form of land transportation because it is faster than walking or running, does not exploit animals or people, is nonpolluting, and promotes the health of the rider.Main points:I. An ideal form of land transportation .should meet four major standardsA.It should be faster than walking or running.B.It should not exploit animals or people.C.It should be nonpolluting.D.It should be beneficial for the person who uses it.II. Bicycle riding meets all these standards for an ideal form of land transportation.A. Bicycle riding is faster than walking or running.B. Bicycle riding does not exploit the labor of animals or of other people.C. Bicycle riding is not a source of air, land, water, or noise pollution.D. Bicycle riding is extremely beneficial for the health of the rider.V. Persuasive speeches on questions of policy1. What are questions of policy? ---A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.Questions of policy arise daily in almost everything we do. At homes we debate what to do during spring vacation, whether to buy a bigger TV, which movie to see on the weekend. At work we discuss whether to go on strike, what strategy to use in selling a product, how to improve communication between management and employees. As citizens we ponder what to do about airport security, how to maintain economic growth and protect the environment.All theses are Questions of policy because they deal with specific courses of action. Questions of policy inevitably involve questions of fact. (How can we decide whether to vote for a candidate unless we know the facts of his or her stand on the issue?) They may also involve questions of value. (The policy you favor on abortion will be affected by whether you think abortion is moral or immoral.) But questions of policy always go beyond questions of fact or questions of value to decide whether something should or should not be done.Questions of policy usually include the word ―should‖, as in these examples:What measures should be taken to protect the United States against terrorist attacks?Should same-sex marriages be legalized?What steps should be taken to ensure that all the people in China receive adequate health care?2. Organizing speeches on Questions of policyFour basic patterns are especially useful for policy speeches. They are:A. Problem-solution order:A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of the problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.B. Problem-cause-solution orderA method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, analyzes the cause of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem.C. Comparative Advantage orderA method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each point explains why a speaker’s solution to a problem is preferable to other proposed solutions.Specific purpose: To persuade my audience that the U.S. space program should put greater priority on unstaffed scientific missions that gather information about the planets and the solar system.Central idea:unstaffed scientific missions are less costly and more beneficial than staffed space flight.Main points:I. unstaffed scientific missions are less costly than staffed space flight.II. unstaffed scientific missions provide more practical benefits than staffed space flight.D. Monroe’s motivated sequenceA method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action. The five steps of the motivated sequence are attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action. I t was developed in the 1930s by Alan Monroe,a professor of speech at Purdue University. The sequence has five steps that follow the psychology of persuasion:1. Attention. First you gain the attention of your audience. You do this in the introduction by using one or more the methods described before: relating to the audience, showing the importance of the topic, making a startling statement, arousing curiosity or suspense, posing a question, telling a dramatic story, or using visual aids.2. Need. Having captured the interest of your audience, you next make them feel a need for change. You show there is a serious problem with the existing situation. It is important to state the need clearly and to illustrate it with strong supporting materials---statistics, examples, and testimony—that relate directly to the audienc e’s values or vital interests. By the end of this step they are psychologically primed to hear your solution.3. Satisfaction. Having aroused a sense of need, you satisfy it by providing a solution to the problem. You present your plan and show how it will work. Be sure to offer enough details about the plan to give listeners a clear understanding of it.4. Visualization. Having given your plan, you intensify desire for it by visualizing its benefits. They key to this step is using vivid imagery to show your listeners how they will profit from your policy. Make them see how much better conditions will be once your plan is adopted.5. Action. Once the audience is convinced your policy is beneficial, you are ready to call for action. Say exactly what you want the audience to do---and how to do it. Then conclude with a final stirring appeal that reinforces their commitment to act. A lot of commercial follow this guide, next you watch TV, keep an eye for it.Specific purpose: To persuade my audience to help children worldwide by contributing to Compassion InternationalCentral idea:Contributing to an organization such as Compassion International can help break the cycle of poverty that affects millions of children.IntroductionAttention: I. For every morning that you wake up an eat breakfast, millions of children begin their daily struggle with chronic hunger and poverty.II. By sponsoring a child for two years through an organization called Compassion International, I have seen the difference it can make in a child’s life.III. Today, I would like to encourage all of you to become involved with Compassion International BodyNeed. I. Millions of children in developing countries suffer from poverty, hunger, and lack of education.A. Poverty destroys the quality of life for children in developing countries from Asia to South America.B. Hunger takes the lives of almost 20,000 children under the age of five each year.C. Lack of education helps perpetuate the vicious cycle of hunger and poverty.Satisfaction: II. Groups such as Compassion International can help break this cycle.A.Founded in 1952, Compassion International provides food, clothing, education, shelter, and health care forchildren in 22 countries across the globe.B.You can sponsor a child for just $28 a month.C.For two years I have been sponsoring a little boy in Ecuador named Jose Francisco.Visualization: III. Compassion International has an impressive record as a truly effective charity.A.According to the Better Business Bureau, 78 percent of donated funds go directly to the children.B.Internal and external audits ensure that all funds are properly received, tracked, and managed for each child.C.Smart Money magazine ranks Compassion International as one of the top 10 charities in the United States.ConclusionAction: I. So I encourage each of you to sponsor a child through Compassion International.II. As Compassion International states, ―while we cannot individually change the world, we canchange the world for one child.‖Try using the motivated sequence when you seek immediate action from your listeners. Over the years it has been worked for countless speakers---and it can work for you as well.SummaryYou should think of your speech as a kind mental dialogue with your audience.Persuasive speeches may center on questions of fact, questions of value, questions of policy. Some of the questions of fact can be answered absolutely, others cannot---either because of the facts are murky or because there is not enough information available to us. When giving a persuasive speech about a question of fact, your role is akin to that of a lawyer in a courtroom trial. You will try to get your listeners to accept your view of the facts.Questions of value go beyond the facts to involve a person’s beliefs about what is right or wrong, good or bad, moral or immoral. When speaking about a question of value, you must justify your opinion by establishing standards for your value judgment. Although questions of value often have strong implications for our actions, speeches on questions of value do not argue directly for or against particular courses of action.Once you go beyond arguing right or wrong to urging that something should or should not be done. You move to a question of policy. When you speak on a question of policy, you goal may be to evoke agreement or immediate action.There are several options for organizing speeches on questions of policy. If you advocate a change in policy, you main points will often fall naturally into problem-solution order or into problem-cause-solution order. If your audience already agrees that a problem exists, you may be able to use comparative advantages order. When you seek immediate action from listeners, you should consider a more specialized organizational pattern known as Monroe’s motivated sequence, whose five steps are based on the psychology of persuasion.Methods of persuasionWhat makes a speaker persuasive? Why do listeners accept one speaker’s views and reject those of another speaker? How can a speaker motivate listeners to act? People have been trying to answer questions for thousands of years—from the Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle to modern –day communication researchers.Listeners will be persuaded by a speaker from one or more of four reasons:Because they perceive the speaker as having high credibility.Because they are won over by the speaker’s evidence.Because they are convinced by the speaker’s reasoning.Because their emotions are touched by the speaker’s ideas or languagesI. Building credibilityFactors of credibility: A speaker’s credibility is affected by two factorsCompetence---how an audience regards a speaker’s intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject. Character---how an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.The more favorably listeners view a speaker’s competence and character, the more likely they are to accept what the speaker says.It is important to remember that credibility is an attitude. It exists not in the speaker, but in the credibility mind of the audience. A speaker may have high credibility for one audience and low credibility for another. A speaker may also have high credibility on one topic, and low credibility on another.Enhancing your credibility1. Explain your competenceOne way to enhance your credibility is to advertise your expertise on the speech topic. If you investigated the topic thoroughly, say so. If you have experience that gives you special knowledge or insight, say so.The example stressed the speaker’s study and research:I never knew much about UFOs until I did a research on them in my high school science class. Since then, I have read quite a bit about them, including the latest reports of the highly respected Center for UFO Studies in Evanston, Illinois. As a result, I have decided that the evidence strongly suggests that Earth has been---and continue to be---visited by spaceships from other planets.2. Establishing common ground with your audienceCreating common ground---a technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.You do not persuade listeners by assaulting their values and rejecting their viewpoints. It makes the audience resist your ideas. Instead, You should show respect for your listeners, you identify your ideas with those of your audience.Creating common ground is especially important at the start of a persuasive speech. Begin by identifying with your listeners. Show that you share their values, attitudes, and the experiences. Getting them nodding their heads in agreement and they will be much more receptive to your proposal.Here is how a businesswoman from Massachusetts, hoping to sell her product to an audience of proper in Colorado, began her persuasive speech:I have never been in Colorado before, but I really looked forward to making this trip. A lot of my ancestors left Massachusetts and came to Colorado nearly 150 years ago. Sometimes I have wondered why they did it. They came in covered wagons, carrying all their possessions, and many of them died on the journey. The ones who got through raised their houses and raised their families. Now that I have seen Colorado, I understand why they tried so hard! The audience laughed and applauded, and the speaker was off to a good start.3. Deliver your speeches fluently, expressively, and with convictionA lot of research show that a speaker’s credibility is strongly affected by his or her delivery. Moderately fast speakers are usually seen as intelligent and confident than slower speakers. So are speakers who use vocal variety to communicate their ideas in a lively way.II. Using evidenceEvidence consists of supporting material---examples, statistics, testimony—used to prove or disapprove something. If you hope to be persuasive, you must support your views with evidence. Whenever you say something that is open to question, you should give evidence to prove you are right.Tips for using evidenceAny of the supporting materials discussed in Chapter 9-- examples, statistics, and testimony---can work as evidence in a persuasive speech. And in Chapter 9, many guidelines were given. Here we need to look at four special tips for using evidence in a persuasive speech.1. Use specific evidence. No matter what kind of evidence you employ, it will be more persuasive if you state it in specific rather than general terms. In the speech about noise pollution, for instance, the speaker did not say, ―Lots of people suffer from hearing loss.‖That would have left the audience wondering how many ―lots‖amounts to. By saying ―28 million Americans suffer from serious hearing loss,‖ the speaker made her point much more effectively. She also enhanced her credibility by showing she had a firm grasp of the facts.2. Use novel evidence. Evidence is likely to be persuasive if it is new to the audience. Do not use facts and figures that are already well-known to your listeners.3. Use evidence from credible sources. Research shows that listeners find evidence from competent, credible sources more persuasive than evidence from less qualified sources. If you wish to be persuasive, you should rely on evidencefrom objective, nonpartisan sources.4. Make clear the point of your evidence. When speaking to persuade, you use evidence to prove a point, so when using evidence, be sure listeners understand the point you are trying to make.III. ReasoningReasoning---the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.As a public speaker you have two major concerns with respect to reasoning. First, you must make sure your own reasoning is sound. Second, you must try to get listeners to agree with your reasoning. Lets look at four basic methods of reasoning and how to use them in speeches.1. Reasoning from specific instances--- reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion. For example:Fact1: My physical education course last term was easy.Fact 2: My roommate’s education course was easy.Fact 3: My brother’s education course was easy.Conclusion: Physical education courses are easy.We reason from specific daily though we probably don’t realize it: for instance: Politicians are corrupt, professors are bookish. School food is awful.When you reason from specific instances, you should follow a few basic guidelines:A. Avoid generalizing too hastily, make sure your sample of specific instances is large enough to justify your conclusion.B.Be careful with your wording. If your evidence does not justify a conclusion, qualify your argument.C.Reinforce your argument with statistics and testimony2. Reasoning from principle---reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion. For instance:1.All people are mortal.2.Socrates is a person.3.Therefore, Socrates is mortal.Another example:1.The United States Constitution guarantees all U.S. citizens the right to vote.2.Women are U.S. citizens.3.Therefore, the United States Constitution guarantees women the right to vote.3. Causal reasoning---reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.There is a patch of ice on the sidewalk. You slip, fall, and break your arm. You reason as follows: ―Because that patch of ice was there, I fell and broke my arm.‖ or―If the patch of ice hadn’t been there, I wouldn’t have fallen and broken my arm.‖4. Analogical reasoning---reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.If you are good at racquetball, you’ll be great at Ping-Pang.In Great Britain the general election campaign fro Prime Minister lasts less than three weeks. Surely we can do the same with the U.S presidential election.Both statements are reasoning from analogy. By comparing two similar cases, they infer that what is true for one must be true for the other.The most important thing in analogical reasoning is whether the two cases being compared are essentially alike. If they are essentially alike, the analogy is valid, if not, the analogy is invalid.Here is how one student used reasoning from analogy to support her claim that controlling handguns will reduce violent crime in the United States.Will my policy work? The experience of foreign countries suggests it will. In England, guns are strictly regulated; even the police are unarmed, and the murder rate is trivial by American standards. In Japan, the ownership of weapons is severely restricted, and handguns are completely prohibited. Japan is an almost gun-free country, and its crime rate is even lower than England’s. On the basis of theses comparisons, we can conclude that restricting the ownership of guns will control the crime and murder rates in America.IV. Appealing to emotionsEffective persuasion often requires emotional appeal. And then what are emotional appeals?---emotional appeals are intended to make listeners feel sad, angry, guilty, afraid, happy, proud, sympathetic, reverent, or the like. Theses are often appropriate reactions when the question is one of value or policy.Below is a list of some of the emotions evoked most often by public speakers. Following each emotion are a few examples of subjects that might stir that emotion:Fear---of serious illness, of natural disasters, of sexual assault, of personal rejection, of economic hardship. Compassio n---for the physically disabled, for battered women, for neglected animals, for the unemployed, for starving children, for victims of AIDS.Pride---in one’s country, in one’s family, in one’s school, in one’s ethnic heritage, in one’s personal accomplishments.Anger--- at terrorists and their supporters, at business leaders who act unethically, at members of Congress who abuse the public trust, at landlords who exploit student tenants, at vandals and thieves.Guilt—about not helping people less fortunate than ourselves, about not considering the rights of others, about not doing one’s best.Reverence---for an admired person, for traditions and institutions, for one’s deity.Of course, there are many other emotions and many other subjects that might stir them.Guidelines for generating emotional appeal1. Use emotional languageUse emotion-laden words, moving language. Let’s see a conclusion part of a student speech about the challenge and rewards of working as a community volunteer with young children.The promise of America sparkles in the eyes of every child. Their dreams are the glittering dreams of America. When those dreams are dashed, when innocent hopes are betrayed, so are the dreams and hopes of the entire nation. It is our duty---to me, it is a sacred duty---to give all children the chance to learn and grow, to share equally in the American dream of freedom, justice, and opportunity.2. Develop vivid exampleThe most effective way to generate emotions is with vivid, rich textured examples that personalize your ideas and help pull listeners into the speech emotionally.3. Speak with sincerity and convictionKeep this in mind: all your emotion-laden words and examples are but empty trapping unless you feel the emotion yourself. And if you do, your emotion will communicate itself to the audience through everything you say and do---not only through your words, but also through your tone of voice, rate of speech, gestures and facial expressions.SummaryPeople have been studying the methods of persuasion since the days of the ancient Greek. They have found that。
乐学英语演讲教学课件Unit 2
《乐学英语演讲教程》
Unit 2 Speaking to Persuade
Sample Two
影响听众思维的劝 说类演讲
2018 Commencement Speech
Notes: 11. unchastened: 未受限制的 12. arbiter: 仲裁人 13. aspiration: 强烈愿望 14. attribute: 特性 15. unwavering: 坚定的
2. Drew Gilpin Faust (德鲁·吉尔平·福斯特): 曾任哈佛大学校长（2007至 2018年），是哈佛历史上第一位女性校长，第一位非哈佛毕业生校 长，杰出的历史学家。此篇是在2018年哈佛毕业典礼上福斯特所发表 的演讲。
《乐学英语演讲教程》
Unit 2 Speaking to Persuade
Step Four
Deliver Your Speech
《乐学英语演讲教程》
Unit 2 Speaking to Persuade
Activity Step One
Choose a Topic
Topic 1: My Dream—An Excellent Speaker Topic 2: My View of Success Topic 3: Make Our Campus Much Cleaner Topic 4: Technology and Life
《乐学英语演讲教程》
Unit 2 Speaking to Persuade
Activity
Choose a Topic Step One
Step Two
Make Your Introduction and
Conclusion
Write a Preparation Outline
speaking to persuade
• Persuasion is the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people’s beliefs or actions.
• Persuasion is something a speaker does with an audience. (mental dialogue)
Methods of Persuasion
• • • • • Builning Appealing to emotions ( make listeners feel sad, angry, guilty, afraid, happy, proud, sympathetic )
• 2. Bicycle riding meets all these standards for an ideal form of land transportation. • A. It is faster than walking or running. • B. It is not a source of air, land, water, or noise pollution. • C. It is beneficial for the health of rider.
• SP: To persuade my audience that cigarette smoking causes serious health dangers. • Main Points: • 1. studies in China show that cigarette smoking is a major cause of cancer, tuberculosis, and heart disease. • 2. Scientists estimate that half of today’s smokers in China will eventually be killed by tobacco.
英语演讲选修课chapter11persuasive
英语演讲选修课chapter11persuasive第一篇：英语演讲选修课chapter11 persuasivechapter11 persuasiveI.Persuasive speeches on questions of factν Questions of fact---A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.νWe do not know enough information to know what it isWill the economy be better or worse next year?Will another earthquake strike California before the year 2010?ν The facts are murky or inclusiveWhat will happen next in the Middle East?Is sexual orientation genetically determined?Speeches On questions of fact are usually organized topically II.Persuasive speeches on questions of valueνQuestions of value?---A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of anidea or action.νWhat is the best movie of all time? Is the cloning of human beings morally justifiable?What are the ethical responsibilities of journalists?ν Matter of fact, value judgmentsνSpeeches on questions of value are mostly organized topicallyν Your first main point is to establish the standards for your value judgment.树立价值判断的标准ν Your second main point is to apply those standards to the subject.III.Persuasive speeches on questions of policyQuestions of policy---A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.是否采取行动What to do during spring vocation?Which strategy to use in selling a product?How to maintain economic growth and protect the enviroment ?ν They areto decide whether something should or should not be anizing speeches on Questions of policy λProblem-solution orderλProblem-cause-solution orderλComparative Advantage orderλD.Monroe’s motivated sequenceD.Monroe’s motivated sequence门罗促动顺序νA method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.ν The five steps of the motivated sequence are:1.attention2.need3.satisfaction4.visualization（形象化）5.actionPart 2: Methods of persuasionListeners will be persuaded by a speaker from one or more of four reasons:I.credibility.II.evidence.III.reasoning.IV.emotionsI.Building credibilityν Factors of credibility:petence---how an audience regards a speaker’s intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject.B.Character---how an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.2.Establishing common ground with your audience ν Creating common ground---a technique in which a speaker connects himself or herselfwith the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.3.Deliver your speeches fluently, expressively, and with convictioning evidenceTips for using evidencee specific evidence.e novel evidence.e evidence from credible sources4.Make clear the point of your evidence.III.Reasoningν Reasoning---the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.ν Four types of reasoning:1.Reasoning from specific instances2.Reasoning from principle3.Causal reasoning4.Analogical reasoningGuidelines for reasoning from specific instancesA.Avoid generalizing too hastily, make sure your sample of specific instances is large enough to justify your conclusion.B.Be careful with your wording.If your evidence does not justify a conclusion, qualify your argument.C.Reinforce your argument with statistics and testimony2.Reasoning from principleν---Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.For instance: νAll people are mortal.νSocrates is a person.νTherefore, Socrates is mortal.3.Causal reasoning---Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.νThere is a patch of ice on the sidewalk.You slip, fall, and break your arm.You reason as follows: “Because that patch of ice was there, I fell and broke my arm.” orν“If the patch of ice hadn’t been there, I wouldn’t have fallen and broken my arm.”ν4.Analogical reasoning（类比推理）---Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.νIf you are good at racquetball, you’ll be great at Ping-Pang.ν In Great Britain the general election campaign fro Prime Minister lasts less than threeweeks.Surely we can do the same with the U.S presidential election.IV.Appealing to emotionsν Emotional appeals are intended to make listeners feel sad, angry, guilty, afraid, happy,proud, sympathetic, reverent, or the like.These are often appropriate reactions when the question is one of value or policy.νGuidelines for generating emotional appealν e emotional language2.Develop vivid example3.Speak with sincerity and conviction第二篇：英语演讲选修课10informativeLesson 10 Informative Teaching Aim and Requirement Aimed at ensuring the Ss to have a basic knowledge of public speaking.Teaching methods PPt, interact between teacher & student AssignmentsWhat are the essentials of an effective speech? How to overcome nervousness? Teaching proceduresνInformative speech: a speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding ν T o enhance the knowledge and understanding of your listeners---to give them information they did not have before νConvey clearly accurately interestingly Organizational methodsν Chronological order编年顺序ν Spatial order空间顺序ν Topical order主题顺序ν Causal order ν Problem-solution orderOther methods of speech organizationν Causal order: A show a cause-effect relationship.method of speech organization in which the main pointsν Problem-solution order: A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.ν(Problem-cause-solution order)Speeches about processνProcess: A systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product.νSpeeches of process explain how something is made, how something is done, or how something works.3.Speeches about eventsνEvent: Anything that happens or is regarded as happening.ν chronological order----to recount the history of an event, ν causal order----to explain the causes and effects4.Speech about conceptsνConcept: A belief, theory, idea, notion, principle, or the like.ν Speeches about concepts are usually organized in topicalorder.One common approach is to list the main features or aspects of your concept.Guidelines for informative speaking λDon’t overestimate what the audience knows.* Lead your audience step by step and explain everything thoroughly.2.Relate the subject directly to the audience* What is fascinating to the speaker may not be fascinating to everybody.* Get your listeners involved3.Don’t be too technical* Simple, clear language is needed.4.Avoid abstractions One way to avoid abstractions is through description(a statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness) Another way to escape abstraction is with comparisons(A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.)5.Personalize your ideas第三篇：英语演讲选修课11persuasiveLesson 11 Persuasive Teaching Aim and Requirement Aimed at ensuring the Ss to have a basic knowledge of public speaking.Teaching methods PPt, interact between teacher & student AssignmentsWhat are the essentials of an effective speech? How to overcome nervousness? Teaching proceduresI.Persuasive speeches on questions of factν Questions of fact---A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion.νWe do not know enough information to know what it isWill the economy be better or worse next year?Will another earthquake strike California before the year 2010? ν The facts are murky or inclusiveWhat will happen next in the Middle East?Is sexual orientation genetically determined?Speeches On questions of fact are usually organized topically II.Persuasive speeches on questions of valueνQuestions of value?---A question about the worth, rightness, morality, and so forth of an idea or action.ν What is the best movie of all time? Is the cloning of human beings morally justifiable? What are the ethical responsibilities of journalists? νMatter of fact, value judgments νSpeeches on questions of value are mostly organized topicallyν Your first main point is to establish the standards for your value judgment.树立价值判断的标准ν Your second main point is to apply those standards to the subject.III.Persuasive speeches on questions of policy Questions of policy---A question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken.是否采取行动What to do during spring vocation? Which strategy to use in selling a product? How to maintain economic growth and protect the enviroment ? ν They are to decide whether something should or should not be anizing speeches on Questions of policyλProblem-solution order λProblem-cause-solution orderλComparative Advantage orderλD.Monroe’s motivated sequenceD.Monroe’s motivate d sequence门罗促动顺序νA method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.ν The five steps of the motivated sequence are:1.attention2.need3.satisfaction4.visualization（形象化）5.actionPart 2: Methods of persuasionListeners will be persuaded by a speaker from one or more of four reasons:I.credibility.II.evidence.III.reasoning.IV.emotionsI.Building credibilityν Factors of credibility:petence---how an audience regards a speaker’s intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject.B.Character---how an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.2.Establishing common ground with your audience ν Creating common ground---a technique in which a speaker connects himself or herself with the values, attitudes, or experiences of the audience.3.Deliver your speeches fluently, expressively, and with conviction ing evidenceTips for using evidence e specific e novel e evidence from credible sources 4.Make clear the point of your evidence.III.Reasoningν Reasoning---the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.ν Four types of reasoning:1.Reasoning from specific instances2.Reasoning from principle3.Causal reasoning4.Analogical reasoningGuidelines for reasoning from specific instancesA.Avoid generalizing too hastily, make sure your sample ofspecific instances is large enough to justify your conclusion.B.Be careful with your wording.If your evidence does not justify a conclusion, qualify your argument.C.Reinforce your argument with statistics and testimony 2.Reasoning from principle ν---Reasoning that moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion.For instance: νAll people are mortal.νSocrates is a person.νTherefore, Socrates is mortal.3.Causal reasoning---Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects.νThere is a patch of ice on the sidewalk.You slip, fall, and break your arm.You reason as follows: “Because that patch of ice was there, I fell and broke my arm.” orν“If the patch of ice hadn’t been there, I wouldn’t have fallen and broken my arm.” ν4.Analogical reasoning（类比推理）---Reasoning in which a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for the first case is also true for the second.νIf you are good at racquetball, you’ll be great at Ping-Pang.ν In Great Britain the general election campaign fro Prime Minister lasts less than three weeks.Surely we can do the same with the U.S presidential election.IV.Appealing to emotions ν Emotional appeals are intended to make listeners feel sad, angry, guilty, afraid, happy, proud, sympathetic, reverent, or the like.These are often appropriate reactions when the question is one of value or policy.νGuidelines for generating emotional appealν e emotional language 2.Develop vivid example 3.Speak with sincerity and conviction第四篇：英语演讲选修课7language_delivery范文Lesson 7 Language delivery Teaching Aim and Requirement Acquire a basic knowledge of topic，purpose and central idea of a public speech。
英语专业课程指南 高级英语
英语专业课程指南高级英语The study of advanced English courses opens up a world of opportunities for individuals seeking to enhance their language proficiency and unlock new avenues of personal and professional growth. As the global landscape becomes increasingly interconnected, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become a valuable asset, enabling individuals to navigate diverse cultural and linguistic environments with confidence. This essay will delve into the key components of advanced English courses, exploring the benefits, curriculum, and strategies for successful completion.One of the primary objectives of advanced English courses is to refine and elevate the learner's command of the language. This encompasses a multifaceted approach that addresses various aspects of communication, including reading comprehension, written expression, oral fluency, and critical thinking. Through a combination of extensive reading, intensive writing exercises, and engaging discussions, students are challenged to push the boundaries of their linguistic capabilities.The curriculum of advanced English courses is designed to cater to the needs of individuals with a strong foundation in the language. These courses often delve into the nuances of grammar, syntax, and vocabulary, equipping students with the tools to navigate complex sentence structures, idiomatic expressions, and sophisticated literary techniques. Additionally, the curriculum may include the study of various literary genres, from classic novels to contemporary poetry, fostering a deeper appreciation for the richness and diversity of the English language.Moreover, advanced English courses place a strong emphasis on developing critical thinking skills. Students are encouraged to engage in analytical discussions, evaluate and interpret literary works, and formulate well-reasoned arguments. This approach not only enhances their language proficiency but also cultivates essential cognitive abilities that are highly valued in academic and professional settings.One of the key benefits of pursuing advanced English courses is the opportunity to refine one's communication skills. In today's globalized world, the ability to express ideas clearly, concisely, and persuasively is a highly sought-after skill. Advanced English courses provide a platform for students to hone their public speaking abilities, participate in debates, and engage in collaborative projects,all while navigating the nuances of professional and academic discourse.Furthermore, advanced English courses often incorporate the study of various cultural and historical contexts, allowing students to develop a deeper understanding of the origins, evolution, and diversity of the English language. This cross-cultural perspective not only enhances linguistic proficiency but also fosters a greater appreciation for the interconnectedness of language, culture, and global perspectives.Another significant advantage of advanced English courses is the potential for personal and professional development. By mastering the complexities of the English language, students gain a competitive edge in the job market, as they become equipped to navigate a wide range of career paths, from academia and business to media and international relations. Additionally, the critical thinking and communication skills acquired through these courses can be applied across various domains, enabling individuals to excel in their chosen fields and contribute to the global community.To ensure successful completion of advanced English courses, students must be prepared to commit to a rigorous and sustained learning process. This may involve extensive reading, meticulous attention to detail in writing assignments, and active participation inclassroom discussions. Additionally, students should be willing to embrace feedback and constructive criticism, as these elements are crucial for continued growth and improvement.One effective strategy for success in advanced English courses is the development of effective study habits and learning strategies. This may include creating a dedicated study space, setting achievable goals, and utilizing various learning resources, such as online tutorials, language apps, and peer study groups. By adopting a proactive and self-directed approach to learning, students can maximize their progress and derive the greatest benefits from their advanced English coursework.In conclusion, the pursuit of advanced English courses represents a transformative journey that can unlock a world of opportunities for individuals seeking to enhance their language proficiency and personal development. Through a comprehensive curriculum that focuses on refining communication skills, cultivating critical thinking, and exploring cultural and historical contexts, students can emerge as confident and versatile communicators, poised to contribute to the global landscape. By embracing the challenges and opportunities presented by advanced English courses, learners can embark on a path of lifelong learning and personal growth, ultimately positioning themselves for success in their academic, professional, and personal endeavors.。
高中英语选修speaking人教新课标
The Fourth Period SpeakingTeaching goals教学目标１．Target Language目标语言Ａ．重点词汇staff, suspect, scold, scratch, baggageＢ．重点句子１. She encourages her staff to be disrespectful towards Lear and begins complaining about the hundred soldiers Lear has brought with him．２．She will scratch out your eyes when she hears how you've treated me．２．Ability goals能力目标Enable the students to decide how to speak the lines which can express me correct emotion．Enable the students to predict what will happen in the rest of the play according to the known information of the play．３．Learning ability goals学能目标Help the students learn how to speak the lines to express t１１e correct emotion．Teaching important and difficult points教学重难点．Teach the students how to speak the lines to express the correct emotion．Teaching methods教学方法Speaking，elicitation and teamwork．Teaching aids教具准备A computer, a tape—recorder and a projector．Teaching procedures and ways教学过程与方式Step I Greeting and RevisionT：Good morning / afternoon, everyone!S：Good morning / afternoon, Mr. / Ms ...!T：First let's check your homework. Who would like to read the plot of "King Lear" you got from the Internet？Volunteer？S１：King Lear decides to step down from the throne and divide his kingdom evenly among his three daughters. First, however, he puts his daughters through a test, asking each to tell him how much she loves him. Goneril and Regan, Lear's older daughters, give their father flattering answers. But Cordelia, Lear's youngest and favorite daughter, remains silent, saying that she has no words to describe how much she loves her father. Lear flies into a rage and disowns CordeliＡ．The King of France, who has courted Cordelia, says that he still wants to marry her even without her land, and she accompanies him to France without her father's blessing.S２：Lear quickly learns that he made a bad decision. Goneril and Regan swiftly begin to undermine the little authority that Lear still holds. Unable to believe that his beloved daughters are betraying him, Lear slowly goes insane. He flees his daughters' houses to wander on a heath during a great thunderstorm, accompanied by his Fool and by Kent, a loyal nobleman in disguise. Meanwhile,an elderly nobleman named Gloucester also experiences family problems. His illegitimate son, Edmund, tricks him into believing that his legitimate son, Edgar, is trying to kill him. Fleeing the manhunt that his father has set for him, Edgar disguises himself as a crazy beggar and calls himself "Poor Tom." Like Lear, he heads out on to the heath.S３：When the loyal Gloucester realizes that Lear's daughters have turned against their father, he decides, to help Lear in spite of the danger. Regan and her husband, Cornwall, discover him helping Lear, accuse him of treason, blind him, and turn him out to wander the countryside. He ends up being led by his disguised son, Edgar, toward the city of Dover, where Lear has also been brought: S４：In Dover, a French army lands as part of an invasion led by Cordelia in an effort to save her father. Edmund apparently becomes romantically entangled with both Gorieril and Regan, whose husband, Albany, is increasingly sympathetic to Lear's cause. Goneril and Edmund conspire to kill Albany. Meanwhile, the English troops reach Dover, anＤ．the English, led by Edmund, defeat the Cordelia—led French. Lear and Cordelia are captureＤ．In the climactic scene, Edgar duels with and kills Edmund; we learn of the death of Gloucester; Goneril poisons Regan out of jealousy over Edmund and then kills herself when her treachery is revealed to Albany; Edmund's betrayal of Cordelia leads to her needless execution in prison; and Lear finally dies out of grief at Cordelia's passing. Albany, Edgar, and the elderly Kent are left to take care of the country under a cloud of sorrow and regret.Step Ⅱ RetellingT：First read Part ３of King Lear with a partner and make notes together about themain events in this part of the play. Then you can have a discussion about how to retell this part. I will give you five minutes to prepare for it.S：While Lear is spending the first portion of his retirement at Goneril's castle. She orders her servants to behave rudely toward Lear and his attendants. Disguised as a simple peasant, Kent appears in Goneril's castle, calling himself Caius. He puts himself in Lear's way, and after an exchange of words in which Caius emphasizes his honesty, Lear accepts him into service. Lear's servants and knights notice that Goneril 's servants no longer obey their commands. When Lear asks Oswald where Goneril is, Oswald rudely leaves the room without replying. Oswald soon returns, but his disrespectful replies to Lear's questions induce Lear to strike him. Kent steps in to aid Lear and trips OswalＤ．Goneril herself arrives to speak with Lear. She tells him that his servants and knights have been so disorderly that he will have to send some of them away whether he likes it or not. Lear is shocked at Goneril's treasonous betrayal. Nonetheless, Goneril remains adamant in her demand that Lear send away half of his one hundred knights. An enraged Lear repents ever handing his power over to Goneril. He curses his daughter. He calls for his horses. He declares that he will stay with Regan, whom he believes will be a true daughter and give him therespect that he deserves. Lear sends Kent to the castle of Regan to tell her that he will soon be arriving.T：Well done! Just now you retold this part briefly. Now turn to Page １9, complete this summary of Part ３of King Lear that is brief and to the point. Then check the answers.Step Ill Practice １T：With your partner read Part ３of King Lear again and listen to the tape. This time study each speech and make notes about how the characters speak their lines. For example, which lines are spoken loudly, which softly？How do the actors say their lines so they communicate the correct emotion （e.g. anger, sadness, friendliness, unfriendliness）？I will give you ５minutes to have a discussion.５minutes later.S１：When the actor who pays the role of King Lear says the lines："Is he back？Your lady's father？Is that all I am to you, you dog, you slave! Is this my daughter scolding me？", the lines should be spoken loudly, sonorously and fast to express King Lear's anger.S２：The lines such as "I will leave immediately, I won't stay where I'm not welcome." should be spoken gravely with a little bit sob express King Lear's sadness.S３：When the actor who plays the role of King Lear says the lines："My thanks, Caius.I can see you will be a most valuable servant." These sentences should be spoken softly and gratefully to express King Lear's friendliness.S４：The lines such as "My lady's father" and "I have had enough of your soldiers." should be spoken chillily and inhospitably to express the emotion of unfriendliness. T：Well done! You sound just like an experienced stage director.Step IV TalkingTask １T：Turn to Page ５9．Look at task １, in groups, talk about what has happened in the play King Lear so far. What do you think will happen in the rest of the play？How do you think it will end？You can have a discussion now.S１：Because Goneril is disobedient, Lear decided to leave Goneril and sent Kent to go to Regan' castle to send the message first.T：Yes, What do you think will happen, in the rest of the play？S２：Maybe Regan will shelter King Lear unwillingly and ill—treat him to death at last.S３：I think when King Lear goes to Regan' castle, she also refuses to shelter him But his youngest daughter Cordelia is willing to support him. and then they live a happy life.S４：I think Cordelia will help King Lear to recapture his power.T：How do you think it will end？S５：Perhaps Cordelia kills her two elder sisters and she becomes the ruler of the kingdom.S6：Maybe finally evil Goneril and Regan kill Lear and CordeliＡ．T：You all have rich imaginative power.Task ２T：Now look at task ２．Discuss the pictures. Here are ３questions. I give you five minutes to have a discussion.５minutes later.T：Time is up, the first one, who do you think the man with the sword is？S１：The man with the sword is Kent who is King Lear's loyal servant.T：You got it! The second one, why do you think he has been placed in the stock？S２：Outside Gloucester's castle, Kent, still in peasant disguise, meets Oswald, the chief steward of Goneril's householＤ．Kent roundly abuses Oswald, describing him as cowardly, vain, boastful, servile, and groveling and draws his sword and attacks him. Oswald's cries for help bring Cornwall, Regan, and Gloucester. Kent replies rudely to their calls for explanation, and Cornwall orders him to be punished in the stocks.T：Terrific! What do you think King Lear is saying to his daughter and her husband？S３：Lear starts to tell Regan about Goneril's unkindness and disobedience toward him. At the same time he asked them who placed his servant in the stock. When getting the answer, Lear gets so outraged that he curses his daughters.T：I agree with you. You all did a good joＢ．Step V HomeworkT：Turn to Page １9, finish off Exercise ４and prepare for the rote—play after class. Before that, you should read the LEARNING TIPS on Page ２0 which can help youa lot with this task.。
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Building Credibility 建立信誉度
“Within ten years, changes in technology will make today’s personal computers seem hopelessly oldfashioned.” (Bill Gates) “Personal computers are not likely to be much different in ten years than they are today.” (Zhang Yimou) “Despite changes in audience values, there will always be a market for well-made kung fu films.” (Zhang Yimou) “There is no longer a significant market for kung fu films.” (Bill Gates)
• 6-year teaching experience & 3-year for PS • class of around 35 ss from different majors • Most ss with high motivation to learn this course
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Introductory Speech
推理折服
Pathos
情感打动
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Lecture Outline
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Building Credibility Using Evidence Appealing to Emotions
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Sample Learning and Practice
The Art of Public Speaking 12
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Methods of Persuasion
说服性演讲的说服方法与技巧
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“In making a speech one must study three points:
first, the means of producing persuasion; second, the language; third, the proper arrangement of the various parts of the speech.”
Informative Speech
Persuasive Speech
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pre-class workshop for speech preparation
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Teacher’s Feedback
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on-class speech presentation
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The Art of Public Speaking
— Aristotle （亚里士多德）
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Methods of Persuasion
晓之以理 动之以情
Building credibility
建立信誉度
Using evidence
使用证据
Reasoning
运用推理方法
Appealing to emotions
利用情感诉求
Ethos
品格吸引
Logos
Speaking to Persuade 说服性演讲
Guo Jing Capital Medical University May 26th, 2013
高级英语选修课程—英语演讲的艺术
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Teaching Design
1st period (40 min): The Psychology of Persuasion The Target Audience Three Types of Persuasive Speeches: analysis and organization 2nd period (50 min) Methods of Persuasion (1, 2, 4) 3rd period (50 min) Four kinds of Reasoning and fallacies
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1. 2.
Credibility (ethos)：
The audience’s perception of whether a speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic.
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Factors of Credibility
Competence: how an audience regards a speaker’s intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of the subject. Character: how an audience regards a speaker’s sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.
Brief Introduction to the Course in Capital Medical University
Guo Jing 2013-5-26
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Course, Teacher & Students
• • • • an advanced elective for juniors in their 5th semester 18 periods (2*9 weeks) for 7-year program students 36 periods (2*18 weeks ) for undergraduates The Art of Public Speaking as the textbook
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Explain Your Competence!
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Explain Your Competence
stress study and research
• I never knew much about UFOs until I did a research project on them last year. Since then, I have read a lot more about the subject, including reports by scientists from the National Society of Extraterrestrial Studies. As a result, I have decided that the evidence strongly suggests that Earth has been—and continues to be—visited by spaceships from other planets.