武汉理工大学2011年研究生入学考试模拟题及答案1(考研辅导班内部资料)
武汉理工考研机械设计内部讲义真题答案
武汉理工考研机械设计内部讲义武汉理工大学《机械设计》2011 年考研强化讲义第一部分指定教材机械设计考试教材基本上没有什么变化,历年制定用书情况如下:2009 《机械设计》彭文生华中理工大学出版社第二版2008 《机械设计》彭文生华中理工大学出版社第二版2007 《机械设计》彭文生华中理工大学出版社第二版《机械设计》濮良贵高等教育出版社,1989 2006 《机械设计》彭文生华中理工大学出版社第二版《机械设计》濮良贵高等教育出版社,1989 补充资料:1.机械设计02 年到08 年考研真题 2.机械设计本科教学课件3.机械设计课程设计指导书(选看)推荐使用教材:《机械设计》彭文生李志明黄华梁,高等教育出版社《机械设计学习指导与习题集(第二版)》杨昂岳,孙立鹏杨武山等,华中科技大学出版社《机械设计与机械原理考研指南(上)(第二版)彭文生杨家军王均荣,华中科技大学》出版社第二部分分数线、录取人数、公费情况武汉理工大学机电学院每年录取研究生160 名左右,其中免试生占35 人左右,强军计划5 人左右,除掉以上人数,统考生录取人数约120 左右。
公费比例60%左右(含免试生),统考生公费比例约45%,但09 今天武汉理工大学研究生教育全面改革,将取消公费制度,取而代之的是奖学金制度,具体细则还未确定。
但人人都有奖学金,每年按成绩排名重新调整奖学金档次。
近三年的录取分数线如下:2008 武汉理工大学复试分数线院系所码009 009 009 院系所码009 009 009 院系所码009 009 009 学院名称机电学院机电学院机电学院学院名称机电学院机电学院机电学院学院名称机电学院机电学院机电学院专业名称机械电子工程机械设计制造及自动化机械设计及理论专业名称机械电子工程机械设计制造及自动化机械设计及理论专业名称机械电子工程机械设计制造及自动化机械设计及理论总分320 320 320 总分306 306 306 总分305 305 308 政治、英语线43 43 43 政治、英语线41 41 41 政治、英语线45 45 45 专业课线62 62 62 专业课线62 62 62 专业课线68 68 682007 汉理工大学复试分数线2006 汉理工大学复试分数线由于从09 年起机电学院把机械电子工程、机械设计制造及自动化、机械设计及理论这三个专业合并成机械工程统一招生,且专业排名也统一排名,这对外校的学生争取奖学金提供一个个较好的机会第三部分专业课复习进度安排结合自己考研总体复习的情况,有计划的组织复习。
武汉理工大学2011年研究生入学考试试题
武汉理工大学2011年研究生入学考试试题武汉理工大学2011年研究生入学考试试题课程代码844 课程名称汽车理论基础(共2页,共四题,答题时不必抄题,须标明题目序号)一、名词解释题(每小题3分,共15分)1、转向系角传动比2、制动力系数3、悬挂质量分配系数4、发动机配气相位图5、悬架侧倾中心二、简答题(每小题5分,共25分)1、新能源汽车?2、汽车主销内倾角的主要作用?3、有关汽车的一些英文缩写,如4WD、AMT、ABS、ESP、EPS 的含义?4、简述汽车悬挂系统相对阻尼系数的测定方法?5、简述汽车装用横向稳定杆的作用?三、判断改错题(下列命题,正确的在题前的括号内填√,错误的填×并改正之。
每小题2分,共10分)1、()汽车最低档的动力因数应该大于该车的最大爬坡度。
2、()与空载相比,载货汽车满载制动时后轴易于前轴先抱死。
3、()与后轴驱动相比,前轴驱动的汽车有利于增加汽车的不足转向量。
4、()差速器左、右两半轴齿轮的转速之和等于差速器壳转速的2倍。
5、()对于汽车单质量振动系统,在共振区,系统阻尼越大,振幅衰减越明显。
四、问答分析计算(要求问答概念准确,简明扼要,计算与分析思路清晰。
每小题20分,其中问答部分5分,共100分)1、汽车传动系的组成?简要说明汽车传动系传动比的计算方法。
2、汽车的动力特性图?简述利用汽车动力特性图分析装有三档变速器汽车的最高车速、最大爬坡度和原地起步加速时间的计算过程。
3、汽车同步附着系数?简略作出某汽车前、后轴的利用附着系数曲线,并利用该曲线图分析汽车在不同附着系数道路上的制动过程并说明不出现车轮抱死的制动减速度计算方法。
4、车轮侧偏角?已知一两轴汽车质量2000kg,轴距3.0m,前、后轴侧偏刚度分别为-80000N/rad和-100000N/rad,前轴轴载荷为汽车质量的45%,计算该车的静态储备系数?判断该车的稳态转向特性类型?计算该车的特性车速或临界车速?5、人体承受全身振动的评价指南?已知汽车单质量振动系统的质量m,刚度k,阻力系数c,计算该系统的固有频率f0和相对阻尼系数ζ?并已知路面输入的功率谱密度Gq(n),车速u,系统的幅频特性H(f)z-p。
武汉理工大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试参考书目
621 美术学专业史论 《外国美术简史》 中央美术学院美术史系、中国美术史教研室编 中国青年出版社(增订版),2007年
《中国美术简史》(增订本) 中央美术学院美术史系、中国美术史教研室编 中国青年出版社(增订版),2005年
《美术概论》 王宏建 文化艺术出版社,2002年
622 艺术学专业史论 《艺术学概论》 彭吉象 北京大学出版社,2009年
《艺术学基础知识》 王次炤 中央音乐出版社,2006年
《西方艺术 简史》 杨先艺 北京大学出版社,2008年
624 化学原理 《物理化学》 傅献彩 高等教育出版社,2004年,(第四版)
627 中外建筑史 《中国建筑史》 潘谷西 中国建工出版社,2004年,(第四版)
805 电子商务概论 《电子商务实用教程》(第二版) 祁 明 高等教育出版社,2006年
807 伦理学基础综合 《西方伦理思想史》 宋希仁 中国人民大学出版社,2004年1月
《中国传统伦理思想史》(增订本) 朱贻庭 华东师范大学出版社,2003年7月
808 法学综合 《法理学》《宪法学》《民事诉讼法》《民法学》 面向二十一世纪法学专业核心课程教材最新版,北大高教出版社
855 信号与系统 《信号与系统》(第一版) 刘泉 高等教育出版社,2006年
856 数字信号处理 《数字信号处理原理与实现》(第一版) 刘泉、阙大顺 电子工业出版社,2005年
857 微机原理及其通信接口 《微型计算机原理》(第四版) 姚燕南、薛均义 西安电子科技大学出版社,2006年
630 政治学原理 《政治学基础》 王浦劬 北京大学出版社,2006.1
武汉理工2011年复试题目
武汉理工大学2011年硕士研究生复试题目(适用于桥梁与隧道工程、建筑与土木工程领域(桥隧方向))一、问答题(80分)1、请说明斜拉桥的结构体系主要有几种?分别简述其特点。
(9分)2、试推导出偏心压力法的横向分布系数公式,并给出其适用范围。
(9分)3、请简述我国大跨径桥梁工程现状与发展趋势。
(9分)4、基础埋置深度选择考虑的主要因素有哪些?(9分)5、什么是负摩阻力?中性点?如何确定中性点的位置?(9分)6、桩基础设计有哪些主要步骤?(9分)7、试写出全预应力混凝土、部分预应力混凝土A类构件束界的确定原则,并据此推导出各自的束界表达式?(9分)8、试说明按照持久状况和短暂状况进行混凝土构件的应力计算时有哪些不同?(9分)9、持久状况正常使用极限状态计算时要进行的验算有哪些?采用的作用(或荷载)与持久状况承载力极限状态计算有何不同?(8分)二、英译汉(10分)1.Members also shall meet all other requirements of this code to ensure adequate performance at service load levels.(5分)2.Design of structures and structural members using the load factor combinations and strength reduction factors of Appendix C shall be permitted. Use of load factor combinations from this chapter in conjunction with strength reduction factors of Appendix C shall not be permitted. (5分)三、汉译英(10分)1、一般规定(3分)2、结构及构件的设计应使任何截面的设计强度最少应等于规定强度,后者应按本规范对设计荷载和力所规定的组合进行计算。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)真题及答案解析
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13.【答案】 1
【解】本题等价于将二次型 f (x, y, z) x2 3y2 z2 2axy 2xz 2 yz 经正交变换后化为
了 f y12 4z12 .由正交变换的特点可知,该二次型的特征值为1, 4, 0 .
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【解】由初等矩阵与初等变换的关系知
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故选 D.
6.【答案】D
【解】由 x 0 的基础解系只有一个知 r( A) 3 ,所以 r( A) 1,又由 A A A E 0 知,
1,2 ,3,4 都是 x 0 的解,且 x 0 的极大线生无关组就是其基础解系,又
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2011 年全国研究生入学统一考试数学一试题
答案及解析
一、选择题
1.【答案】C
【解】由 y x 1x 22 x 33 x 44 可知1, 2,3, 4 分别是
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6.设 A (1,2,3,4 ) 是 4 阶矩阵, A* 是 A 的伴随矩阵,若 (1,0,1,0)T 是方程组 Ax 0 的一 个基础解系,则 A*x 0 的基础解系可为( )
全国统一考研自主命题科目模拟试题_
2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试自主命题科目模拟试题考场注意事项:一、考生参加考试必须按时进入考场,按指定座位就坐。
将有关身份证件(准考证、身份证)放在桌面左上角,以备查对。
二、闭卷考试,考生进入考场,不得携带任何书刊、笔记、报纸和通讯工具(如手机、寻呼机等),或有存储、编程、查询功能的电子用品(如已携带,必须存放在监考老师指定的地方)。
考生只准带必需的文具,如钢笔、圆珠笔、铅笔、橡皮、绘图仪器或根据考试所需携带的用具。
能否使用计算器,及开卷考试时允许携带的书籍及用具等由任课教师决定。
三、考生迟到30分钟不得入场,逾时以旷考论;因特殊原因不能参加考试者,必须事前请假,并经研究生部批准,否则作旷考论。
考试开始30分钟后才准交卷出场。
答卷时,不得中途离场后再行返回。
如有特殊原因需离场者,必须经监考教师准许并陪同。
答卷一经考生带出考场,即行作废。
四、考生拿到试卷后,应先用钢笔填写好试卷封面各项,特别是学号、姓名、学院名称、课程名称等,不到规定的开考时间,考生不得答题。
五、考试期间,考生应将写好的有答卷文字的一面朝下放置,考生必须按时交卷,交卷时应将试卷、答卷纸和草稿纸整理好,等候监考老师收取,未经许可,不得将试卷、答卷纸和草稿纸带出场外。
六、考生在考场内必须保持安静。
提前交卷的考生,应立即离开考场,不得在考场附近逗留。
七、考生答题必须用钢笔或圆珠笔(蓝、黑色)书写,字迹要工整、清楚。
答案书写在草稿纸上的一律无效。
八、考生对试题内容有疑问的,不得向监考老师询问。
但在试题分发错误或试卷字迹模糊时,可举手询问。
中国石油大学(华东)2011年硕士研究生入学考试模拟试题(一)科目代码: 813 科目名称: 物理化学所有答案必须做在答案题纸上,做在试题纸上无效!一、 选择题(36分)1、一定量的液态环己烷在其正常沸点时变为同温同压下的蒸气,则:( )(A) ΔU = ΔH ,ΔA = ΔG ,ΔS > 0 (B) ΔU < ΔH ,ΔA < ΔG ,ΔS > 0 (C) ΔU > ΔH ,ΔA > ΔG ,ΔS < 0 (D) ΔU < ΔH ,ΔA < ΔG ,ΔS < 0 2、某溶液由2 mol A 和1.5 mol B 混合而成,其体积为420 cm 3,此溶液中组分A 的偏摩尔体积为30 cm 3⋅mol -1,则组分B 的偏摩尔体积:( )(A) 200 cm 3⋅mol -1(B) 300 cm 3⋅mol -1(C) 240 cm 3⋅mol -1(D) 280 cm 3⋅mol -13. 合成了一个新化合物B (s )的质量为1.5 g ,溶于1.0 kg 纯水中形成非电解质溶液,测得出现冰的温度比纯水凝固点下降了0.015 K ,已知水的凝固点降低常数k f= 1.86 K ⋅mol -1⋅kg ,则该化合物的摩尔质量M B( )(A) 100 g ⋅mol -1 (B) 150 g ⋅mol -1 (C) 186 g ⋅mol -1 (D) 200 g ⋅mol -1以冲入容器内的气体为系统,环境对它做功,系统热力学能升高 4.ΔH = Q p,此式适用于下列哪个过程: ( )(A) 理想气体从106 Pa 反抗外压105Pa 膨胀 (B) 0℃,105Pa 下冰融化成水 (C) 电解CuSO 4水溶液(D) 气体从(298 K ,105 Pa)可逆变化到(373 K ,104Pa)5.一定量的液态环己烷在其正常沸点时变为同温同压下的蒸气,则:( )(A) ΔU = ΔH ,ΔA = ΔG ,ΔS > 0 (B) ΔU < ΔH ,ΔA < ΔG ,ΔS > 0 (C) ΔU > ΔH ,ΔA > ΔG ,ΔS < 0 (D) ΔU < ΔH ,ΔA < ΔG ,ΔS < 06.某溶液由2 mol A 和1.5 mol B 混合而成,其体积为420 cm 3,此溶液中组分A 的偏摩尔体积为30 cm 3⋅mol -1,则组分B 的偏摩尔体积: ( )(A) 200 cm 3⋅mol -1(B) 300 cm 3⋅mol -1(C) 240 cm 3⋅mol -1(D) 280 cm 3⋅mol -17.合成了一个新化合物B (s )的质量为1.5 g ,溶于1.0 kg 纯水中形成非电解质溶液,测得出现冰的温度比纯水凝固点下降了0.015 K ,已知水的凝固点降低常数k f= 1.86 K ⋅mol -1⋅kg ,则该化合物的摩尔质量MB (C)(A) 100 g ⋅mol -1(B) 150 g ⋅mol -1(C) 186 g ⋅mol -1(D) 200 g ⋅mol -18.重结晶制取纯盐的过程中,析出的NaCl 固体的化学势与母液中NaCl 的化学势比较,高低如何? ( )(A) 高 (B) 低 (C) 相等 (D) 不可比较 9.在298 K 时,设液体A 和B 能形成理想的液态混合物,它们的蒸气形成理想的气态混合物。
武汉理工大学2011年研究生入学考试材料科学基础试题
武汉理工大学武汉理工大学2011年研究生入学考试试题课程名称材料科学基础一、(30分)立方ZnS是立方晶系,根据其晶胞图(图1)回答下列问题:1、画出ZnS晶胞在(001)面上的投影图;在晶胞图上画出(111)晶面和[111]晶向(建立坐标系);2、何种离子做何种密堆积?晶胞中有哪几种空隙,空隙利用率分别是多少?何种离子填何种空隙?3、晶胞分子数是多少?结构中各离子的配位数为多少,写出其配位多面体;4、结构中S2-电价是否饱和,为什么?5、对于大多数晶体来说,结合力的性质是属于综合性的,请指出Zn-S键的键性并说明原因;6、像立方ZnS这类晶体(质点的堆积可以近似地认为是刚性球体的堆积,服从最紧密堆积原理),如何揭示、理解晶体的微观结构及其与晶体性质的关系?图1 立方ZnS晶胞结构图2 成核速率和生长速率与过冷度的关系二、(10分)图2为晶体的成核速率和生长速率与过冷度的关系,请根据图解释玻璃形成的动力学条件。
并针对成核速率u解释u-T之间的关系,说明为何会有极值的出现。
三、(15分)比较PbF2,PbI2和CaF2的表面能大小,当用Ca2+和F-依次置换PbI2中的Pb2+和I-离子时,相应的表面能和硬度及表面双电层的厚度该如何变化,为什么?四、(10分)在A-B二元系中,组元A具有体心立方结构,熔点为1000℃;组元B具有面心立方结构,熔点为800℃。
在500℃存在一个恒温转变:设室温下A、B二个组元互不溶解,试回答:1、绘出概略的相图。
2、指出S A(B)、S B(A)固溶体的晶体结构类型。
五、(25分)根据图3所示A-B-C三元系统投影图回答下列问题:1、指出化合物S的性质。
2、用箭头标出各界线的温度下降方向及性质。
3、指出各无变量点的性质,并写出其平衡关系。
4、分析熔体M在平衡条件下的冷却结晶过程(用路径图表示)。
5、图中哪个组成的三元混合物熔点最低?并用线段比表示出其组成。
图3 A-B-C三元系统相图六、(15分)试讨论从室温到熔融温度范围内,氯化锌添加剂(10-6mol%)对NaCl单晶中所有离子(Na和Cl)扩散能力的影响。
2011年研究生入学统一考试数学二试题及解析
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题及解析一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求,把所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上.1、已知当0x →时,函数()3sin sin 3f x x x =-与k cx 等价无穷小,则(A )1,4k c == (B )1,4k c ==- (C ) 3,4k c == (D )3,4k c ==- 【分析】本题考查等价无穷小的有关知识.可以利用罗必达法则或泰勒公式完成。
【详解】法一:由题设知 13sin sin 33cos 3cos 31=lim=limkk x x x xx xcxkcx-→→--233sin 9sin 33cos 27cos 3=lim=lim(1)(1)(2)k k x x x x x x k k cxk k k cx--→→-+-+---324=lim(1)(2)k x k k k cx-→--从而(1)(2)243k k k c k --=⎧⎨=⎩,故3,4k c ==。
从而应选(C )。
法二:333333(3)()3(())(3())4()3!3!xx f x x o x x o x x o x =-+--+=+所以3,4k c ==。
,从而应选(C )。
2、已知()f x 在0x =处可导,且(0)0f =,则233()2()limx x f x f x x→-=(A )2'(0)f - (B )'(0)f - (C ) '(0)f (D )0【分析】本题考查导数的定义。
通过适当变形,凑出()f x 在0x =点导数定义形式求解。
【详解】23223333()2()()(0)()(0)limlim[2]x x x f x f x x f x x f f x f xxx→→---=-()22333()(0)()(0)lim2lim'0x x x f x x f f x f f xx→→--=-=-故应选(B )。
2011年研究生入学考试考试真题卷(3)
2011年研讨生入学考试考试真题卷(3)•本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时刻为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。
一、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。
每题的备选项中,只要一个最契合题意)1.标志着教育学已开端成为一门独立学科的作品是____A.《大教育论》 B.《一般教育学》 C.《民主主义与教育》 D.《爱弥儿》参考答案:B[解析]《大教育论》是近代最早的教育学作品,赫尔巴特是继康德在大学开设教育学讲座之后,最早系统教育教育学这门学科的教育家,他的《一般教育学》系统比较完好,标志着教育学成为一门独立的学科。
《民主主义与教育》是杜威的代表作,《爱弥儿》是卢梭的代表作。
2.思维的首要特征不包含____A.概括性 B.直观性 C.间接性 D.与言语有亲近联络参考答案:B3.乌申斯基的教育代表作是____A.《一般教育学》 B.《人的教育》 C.《教育论》D.《人是教育的方针》参考答案:D4.维新运动时期,对幼儿保育方针提出“养儿体,乐儿魂,开儿常识”建议的是____A.康有为 B.梁启超 C.严复 D.谭嗣同参考答案:A5.在前进主义教育运动中,杜威兴办了____A.芝加哥试验校园 B.哥伦比亚校园 C.皮肯希尔校园D.日子校园参考答案:A杜威兴办的是芝加哥试验校园。
哥伦比亚大学师范学院是前进教育运动的中心。
皮肯希尔校园是罗素兴办的,日子校园是德可乐利兴办的,这两所校园都是新教育校园。
6.塞尔柱帝国时期,宰相尼采姆在巴格达等城创立尼采米亚大学,教育分____和____两科,别离培育____和____A.宗教科、实务科;逊尼派主干、文职官员 B.宗教科、军政科;什叶派主干、军政人员 C.宗教科、军政科;逊尼派主干、军政人员 D.宗教科、实务科;什叶派主干、文职官员参考答案:C[解析]本题旨在考察塞尔柱帝国时期的教育。
在塞尔柱帝国时期,政府建立了校园原则,供应教育经费。
政府办理校园,并由宰相尼采姆掌管。
武汉理工大学研究生综合面试(专业面试题库答案1‘)
13、电力系统电磁干扰源产生的渠道1、谐波对二次设备干扰谐波对继电保护装置干扰分两种情况:故障情况下:引起保护误动、拒动。
谐波影响较大的是距离保护,距离保护按基波计算阻抗,谐波引起计算误差。
非故障情况下:比较严重的情况是变压器空载合闸时励磁涌流的影响,可以引起保护误动。
2、开关操作对二次设备的干扰一般来讲,断路器断口之间有灭弧介质(油、真空、SF6),开关触头运动快、时间短,所以操作时电弧重燃概率小,产生的干扰较隔离开关操作时低,当断口间有抑制操作过电压的并联电阻时,对二次回路干扰更小。
GIS隔离开关操作:GIS隔离开关操作将产生前沿很陡的暂态过电压。
3、不同耦合方式产生的干扰一次回路中的暂态高频振荡通过不同耦合方式进入二次回路:阻性耦合、感性耦合、容性耦合。
具体表现为:对二次回路感性和容性耦合,通过电磁式电压互感器耦合;通过电容式电压互感器耦合;通过耦合电容耦合;通过电流互感器耦合。
4、阻性耦合产生干扰主要由于雷击、短路电流等原因引起的地电位升高,是二次回路干扰的主要来源之一。
因为当雷电直击变电所或发生单相短路时,大电流经接地点泄入地网,使接地点乃至整个地网的电位升高(U g=I g R g),如果二次回路和接地网的连接点,如二次电缆的外皮,互感器二次绕组的中性点靠近大电流入地点,则这些接地点的电位也随之升高,在二次回路中造成共模干扰过电压,当过电压的数值过大,会引起二次设备绝缘击穿。
二次电缆外皮电缆两端与地网相连。
由于两端的接地电位不等,将有电流流过电缆外皮,通过电容耦合在二次芯线上产生纵向电势,叠加在信号上造成干扰。
当大量电流流过电缆外皮时,还会烧毁二次电缆。
5、直流回路操作产生暂态干扰直流操作回路中具有大电感线圈,如开关分合闸线圈、电磁式继电器工作线圈等。
当直流回路断开时,由于电感内储存的能量释放,线圈两端可能产生几千伏的过电压,这种过电压可以直接或间接的影响由直流电源供电的二次设备(如微机保护装置、保护装置出口继电器等),直流回路电感元件操作过电压通过线间耦合和传导将在其他二次回路中激发频率更高的干扰电压。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(含答案)
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试卷Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D an ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)"The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber czar, offered the Osa ma government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a ―voluntary identify‖ system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on‖ systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a ―walled garden‖ in safe ―neighborhoods‖ and bright ―streetlights‖ to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a ―voluntary ecosystem‖ in which indivi duals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license‖ mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the ―voluntaryand identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden2.A.for B. within C. while D. though3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposalrmation B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent6.A.by B. into C. from D. over7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs's board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University in Rhode Island. For the rest of the decade she apparently juggled both roles (as well as several other directorships) without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms Simmons was under fire from students and alumni for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February Ms Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. Leaders from other fields are frequently in demand: former presidents or Cabinet members, retired CEOs, and yes, university presidents. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms, although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up", leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives, such as increasing pay, says Dr Fahlenbrach.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1,Ms Simmons was criticized for .A. gaining excessive profits B .failing to fulfill her dutyC .refusing to make compromises D. leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .A. generous investors B .unbiased executivesC .share price forecastersD .independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University,after an outside director’s Surprisedeparture ,the fire is likely to .A. become more stableB. report increased earningsC .do less well in the stock market D. perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .A. may stay for the attractive offers form the firm.B. have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm.C. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm.D. will decline incentives from the firm.25 The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.A permissiveB positiveC scornfulD criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting on June 15th. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. GermA.n and Brazilian papers shrugged off the recession (see article). Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the OECD. In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely pruned. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business. Just look at the fate of Otis Chandler’s creation.26.By saying ―Newspapers like ….their own doom‖(lines 3-4,para,1) the author indicates that newspapers .A .neglected the sign of crisisB .failed to get state subsidiesC .were not charitable corporationsD .were in a desperate situation27.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .A .readers threatened to pay lessB .newspapers wanted to reduce costsC .journalists reported little about these areasD .subscribers complained about slimmer products.pared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspaper are much more stable because they .A .have more sources of revenueB .have more balanced newsroomsC .are less dependant on advertisingD .are less affected by readership29.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?A .Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.B .Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspapers.C .Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspapers business.D .Readers have lost their interest in car and firm30.The most appropriate title for this text would beA .American Newspapers: Struggling for SurvivalB .American Newspapers: Gone with the WindC .American Newspapers: A Thriving BusinessD .American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint,in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase ―less is more‖ was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood — materials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation ma sked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet —than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward ―less‖ was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses —usually around 1,200 square feet —than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The ―Case Study Houses‖ commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the ―less is more‖ trend. Aesthetic effect came from the land scape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life — few American families acquired helicopters, though mosteventually got clothes dryers — but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans .A. prosperity an growthB. efficiency and practicalityC. restraint and confidenceD. pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?A. It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.B. Its designing concept was affected by World War II.C. Most American architects used to be associated with it.D. It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design .A. was related to large spaceB. was identified with emptinessC. was not reliant on abundant decorationD. was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?A. They ignored details and proportions.B. They were built with materials popular at that time.C. They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.D. They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the ―Case Study Houses‖?A. Mechanical devices were widely used.B. Natural scenes were taken into consideration.C. Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.D. Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded outlandish not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a ―Bermuda triangle‖ of debt, demographic decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive stragglers the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that stray. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a count ry’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French dirigisme.A ―southern‖ camp headed by France wants something different: ―European economic government‖ within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians meddling in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or outright fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: eg, curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more porous to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalisation, and make capitalism benign.36.The EU is faced with to many problems thatA .it has more or less lost faith in marketsB .even its supporters begin to feel concernedC .some of its member countries plan to abandon euroD .it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37 The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powersA .are competing for the leading positionB .are busy handling their own crisesC. fail to reach an agreement on harmonisationD .disagree on the steps towards disintegration38 To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed thatA .EU funds for poor regions be increasedB .stricter regulations be imposedC .only core members be involved in economic co-ordinationD .voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39 The French proposal of handling the crisis implies thatA. poor countries are more likely to get fundsB .strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesC .loans will be readily available to rich countriesD .rich countries will basically control EurobondsA .pessimisticB .desperate C. conceited D. hopefulPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A — G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41 — 45). There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or binge drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and confectionery could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt toimprove school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before the 9pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes – by setting stringent limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: "If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front."He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals – areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: "We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.Section III TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your version on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)We would have thought that globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment Google search an leak between 0.2 and 0.7 grams of C2O,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right‖ answer. To deliver results to its needs quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centers around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of C2O,these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centre need to be well air-confirmed gases even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency quickly and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the need to production, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to:(1)congratulate him/her, and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write a short essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least 150 wordsWrite your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15points)2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分品牌份额示意图参考答案选择题:1-5ACBDD 6-10BACCA 11-15DBACA 16-20CDACD21-25BBDAA 26-30DBCBB 31-35BDCDB 36-40DCBAC 41-45EDCFG46翻译有谁会想到,在全球范围内,IT行业产生的温室气体跟全球航空公司产生的一样多?占二氧化碳总排量的2%.很多日常工作对环境造成了让人震惊的破坏作用。
武汉理工大学2011年考研真题高分子化学中难题答案
武汉理工大学2011年考研真题高分子化学中难题答案武汉理工大学《高分子化学》2011年真题中的难点参考答案一、名词解释1、高分子催化剂:高分子催化剂是一种对化学反应具有催化作用的高分子。
2、均裂和异裂:均裂(Homolysis):化合物共价键的断裂形式,均裂的结果,共价键上一对电子分属两个基团,使每个基团带有一个独电子,这个带独电子的基团呈中性,称为自由基。
异裂(Heterolysis):化合物共价键的断裂形式,异裂的结果,共价键上一对电子全部归属于其中一个基团,这个基团形成阴离子,而另一缺电子的基团,称为阳离子。
二、简答题1、PVC、PMMA、PE热降解的形式和主要产物;PVC热解发生侧基脱除,产生氯化氢;PMMA热解发生解聚,主要生成单体;PE热解发生无规断链,产物以丙烯为主,乙烯量很少;2、丙烯适合什么聚合方式,为什么;13、简述苯乙烯本体聚合工艺过程;聚合工艺分为预聚和聚合两个步骤。
预聚可在立式搅拌釜内进行,聚合温度80到90度,BPO,AIBN作引发剂,转化率控制在30%到35%以下,这时尚未出现自动加速现象,聚合热不难排除。
聚合在聚合塔中进行,透明粘稠的预聚物流入塔顶缓慢流入塔底,温度由100升至200,最后达到99%的转化率,自塔底出料,经挤出,冷却,切粒,即成粒料产品。
此外,可采用新型聚合反应器保证有效地搅拌混合和散热。
在工艺上,添加20%的乙苯,并控制最终转化率在80%以下,使最终聚合物含量,60%,体系粘度不至于过高,保证聚合的顺利进行。
聚合结束后,物料进入脱挥装置,将残留的苯乙烯降到合理含量(,0.3%),保证质量。
4、简述酸催化酚醛和碱催化酚2五、计算题1、已知某聚合物分子量为,水解后得到一定比例的对苯二胺(分子量为108.14)、对苯二甲酸(分子量为166.13)、苯甲酸(分子量为122.12)混合产物,其中对苯二胺占总质量的38%,试求此聚合物的聚合度和反应程度。
2、33、45。
011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合0001
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力模拟试题一、 问题求解(每小题只有一个正确答案,请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑,本大题共15小题,每小题3分,共45分) 1.=+++++++-+++++++)2011131211)(201013121()201113121)(2010131211( ( )(A) 1 (B)21 (C) 31 (D )20101 (E )201112. 设a,b 满足=+=+-+-+22,085437b a b a b a 则 ( )(A )22 (B )25 (C )27 (D )29 (E )323. 所得税是工资加奖金总和的20%,如果一个人的所得税为3100元,奖金为2300元,则他的工资为 ( )(A )12100元 (B )12800元 (C )13200元(D )13800元 (E )14100元4. 甲、乙、丙三辆模型车参加比赛,同时从起点出发,匀速完成200米的赛程.当甲到达终点时,乙在甲后20米,丙在甲后29米,则当乙到达终点时,丙在乙后 ( )(A )10米 (B )9米 (C )8米 (D )7米 (E )6米5. 一枚匀称的骰子连续掷两次,得到的点数分别是a 和b,点M (a,b )落入圆2222=+y x 内的概率是 ( )(A )3611 (B )31 (C )3613 (D )187 (E )125 6. 多项式823+++bx ax x 的两个因式是21-+x x 和,则其第三个因式为 ( )(A)4-x (B)4+x (C)2+x (D)8-x (E)8+x7. 下列通项公式表示的数列为等差数列的是 ( )(A )nn a n 21+= (B )25-=n a n (C )12+=n a n (D )n n n a )2(3-+= (E )n n a n -+=18. 如果数据n x x x ,,2,1 的算术平均数为a ,方差为2b ,则数据34,,34,3421+++n x x x的算术平均数和方差分别为 ( )(A )2,b a (B )2,34b a + (C )34,342++b a(D )28,34b a + (E )216,34b a +9. 把4封信投入三个信箱中的两个信箱,不同的投法有 ( )(A )60种 (B )42种 (C )36种 (D )24种 (E )18种10. 有一个角是30 的直角三角形的小边长为a ,它的内切圆的半径为 ( )(A )a 21(B )a 23(C )a (D )a 213+ (E )a 213-11. 在等比数列{}n a 中,前n 项和为n s ,且23,233423+=+=s a s a ,则=4a () (A )128 (B )124 (C )64 (D )62 (E )3212. 设),25lg(125)(2x x x x f -⋅+-=则)(x f 的定义域是 () (A )55≤≤-x (B )55<<-x (C )0<25<x(D )05<≤x (E )50≤<x13. 已知方程0242523=+--x x x 的根为,,,3321x x x =则=+3211x x ()(A )61(B )-61 (C) 41 (D)41- (E)2114. 若点M (6,2)和N (1,7),直线7-=kx y 与线段MN 交点P ,分有向线段为MP :PN=3:2 .则k 的值为 ( )(A )4 (B )2 (C )41 (D )32- (E)23- 15. 体积相等的正方体,等边圆柱和球,它们的表面积分别为321,,S S S ,则有 ( )(A )213S S S << (B )231S S S << (C )132S S S <<(D )321S S S << (E )123S S S <<二、条件充分性判断(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分)解题说明:本大题要求判断所给出的条件能否充分支持题干中陈述的结论。
武汉理工大学2002至2012年研究生入学考试试题及答案讲解
武汉理工大学2011年研究生入学考试试题课程名称材料科学基础一、(30分)立方ZnS是立方晶系,根据其晶胞图(图1)回答下列问题:1、画出ZnS晶胞在(001)面上的投影图;在晶胞图上画出(111)晶面和[111]晶向(建立坐标系);2、何种离子做何种密堆积?晶胞中有哪几种空隙,空隙利用率分别是多少?何种离子填何种空隙?3、晶胞分子数是多少?结构中各离子的配位数为多少,写出其配位多面体;4、结构中S2-电价是否饱和,为什么?5、对于大多数晶体来说,结合力的性质是属于综合性的,请指出Zn-S键的键性并说明原因;6、像立方ZnS这类晶体(质点的堆积可以近似地认为是刚性球体的堆积,服从最紧密堆积原理),如何揭示、理解晶体的微观结构及其与晶体性质的关系?图1 立方ZnS晶胞结构图2 成核速率和生长速率与过冷度的关系二、(10分)图2为晶体的成核速率和生长速率与过冷度的关系,请根据图解释玻璃形成的动力学条件。
并针对成核速率u解释u-T之间的关系,说明为何会有极值的出现。
三、(15分)比较PbF2,PbI2和CaF2的表面能大小,当用Ca2+和F-依次置换PbI2中的Pb2+和I-离子时,相应的表面能和硬度及表面双电层的厚度该如何变化,为什么?四、(10分)在A-B二元系中,组元A具有体心立方结构,熔点为1000℃;组元B具有面心立方结构,熔点为800℃。
在500℃存在一个恒温转变:设室温下A、B二个组元互不溶解,试回答:1、绘出概略的相图。
2、指出S A(B)、S B(A)固溶体的晶体结构类型。
五、(25分)根据图3所示A-B-C三元系统投影图回答下列问题:1、指出化合物S的性质。
2、用箭头标出各界线的温度下降方向及性质。
3、指出各无变量点的性质,并写出其平衡关系。
4、分析熔体M在平衡条件下的冷却结晶过程(用路径图表示)。
5、图中哪个组成的三元混合物熔点最低?并用线段比表示出其组成。
图3 A-B-C三元系统相图六、(15分)试讨论从室温到熔融温度范围内,氯化锌添加剂(10-6mol%)对NaCl单晶中所有离子(Na和Cl)扩散能力的影响。
2011年考研数学(一)真题(含答案解析)
11 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(一)试题 20 2011 一、选择题 1.曲线 y = ( x − 1)( x − 2) 2 ( x − 3) 2 ( x − 4) 2 拐点 A(1,0) B(2,0) C(3,0) D(4,0)
n k =1 n k =1
2 设数列 {an }单调递减, lim an = 0, S n =
an = 1 + 1 / 2 + … +
′′ ( x, y )dxdy = ∫ xdx ∫ yf xy ′′ ( x, y )dy I = ∫∫ xyf xy
0 0
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1
0
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∫
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π
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0
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显然 g ( 0 ) = 0 , 因为 g ′( t ) = 2 t arctan t > 0 , 所以 g ( t ) > g ( 0 ) = 0 (当 t > 0 ),
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2011 年全国硕士研究生招生考试 管理类联考综合真题及答案详解
- 2011 年全国硕士研究生招生考试 管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一、问题求解:第 1~15 小题,每小题 3 分,共 45 分。
下列每题给出的 A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个 选项中,只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.已知船在静水中的速度为 28km / h ,河水的流速为 2km / h .则此船在相距 78km 的两地间往 返一次所需要的时间是( ) .A.5.9hB.5.6hC.5.4hD.4.4hE.4h2.若实数 a,b,c 满足a 3+ 3b + 5 +(5c 4)2 = 0 ,则 abc = ( ) .A. 4B. 5C. 4D. 4E.33 3 53. 某年级 60 名学生中, 有 30 人参加合唱团、45 人参加运动队,其中参加合唱团而未参加运 动队的有 8 人,则参加运动队而未参加合唱团的有( ) .A.15 人B.22 人C.23 人D.30 人E.37 人4.现有一个半径为 R 的球体,拟用刨床将其加工成正方体,则能加工成的最大正方体的体积 是( ) .A. R 33B. R 39C. R 33D. R 33E. R 395.2007 年,某市的全年研究与试验发展( R & D )经费支出 300 亿元,比 2006 年增长 20%, 该市的 GDP 为 10000 亿元, 比 2006 年增长 10%.则 2006 年,该市的 R & D 经费支出占当年 GDP 的( ) .A.1.75% B .2% C.2.5% D.2.75% E.3%6.现从 5 名管理专业、4 名经济专业和 1 名财会专业的学生中随机派出一个 3 人小组,则该3 4 8 8 3 1小组中 3 个专业各有 1 名学生的概率为( ) .1 A.21B.31C.41D.51E.67.一所四年制大学每年的毕业生七月份离校,新生九月份入学.该校 2001 年招生 2000 名,之后每年比上一年多招 200 名,则该校 2007 年九月底的在校学生有( ) .A.14000 名 B.11600 名 C.9000 名 D.6200 名 E.3200 名8.将 2 个红球与 1 个白球随机地放入甲、乙、丙三个盒子中,则乙盒中至少有 1 个红球的概率为( ) .1 A.9B.274C.9D.9E.279.如图 1,四边形 ABCD 是边长为 1 的正方形,弧A一OB,,,D一OA 均为半圆,则阴影部分的面积为( ) .A.12 B.2C.14D.12E.2210. 3 个 3 口之家一起观看演出,他们购买了同一排的 9 张连座票,则每一家的人都坐在一起的不同坐法有( ) .A.(3!)2 种 B.(3!)3 种 C. 3( 3!)3 种 D.(3!)4 种 E.9! 种11.设 P 是圆x2 + y2 = 2 上的一点,该圆在点 P 处的切线平行于直线 x + y + 2 = 0,则点 P 的坐标为( ) .A. ( 1,1) B. (1, 1) C. (0, 2 ) D. ( 2 , 0) E. (1,1)-851712.设a,b,c 是小于 12 的三个不同的质数(素数),且a 一 b+ b 一 c + c 一 a = 8 ,则a + b+ c = ( ) .A.10 B.12 C.14 D.15 E.1913.在年底的献爱心活动中,某单位共有 100 人参加捐款.经统计,捐款总额 19000 元,个人捐款数额有 100 元、500 元和 2000 元三种.该单位捐款 500 元的人数为( ) .A.13 B.18 C.25 D.30 E.3814.某施工队承担了开凿一条长为 2400m 隧道的工程,在掘进了400m 后,由于改进了施工工艺,每天比原计划多掘进 2m ,最后提前 50 天完成了施工任务.原计划施工工期是( ) . A.200 天 B.240 天 C.250 天 D.300 天 E.350 天15.已知 x2 + y2 = 9, xy = 4 ,则= ( ) .1 A.21B.51C.61D.131E.14二、条件充分性判断:第 16~25 小题,每小题 3 分,共 30 分。
2011武汉理工大学工程项目管理真题
武汉理工大学2011年研究生入学考试试题
课程代码863 课程名称工程项目管理
一、名词解释(每题5分,共4题,20分)
1.项目
2.GMP
3.被动控制
4.双代号网络计划
二、简答题(每小题10分,共8题,80分)
1.工程项目管理的四代解释?
2.组织机构设计的内容?
3.项目目标控制策划的依据是哪些?
4.PDCA循环?
5.设计阶段投资控制的方法是?
6.投资控制人员的工作是?
7.工程项目质量的基本特性包括那几个方面
8.平行承发包模式的特点
三、计算题(第小题20分,共1题,20分)
(计算题是回忆版),非常简单的绘制双代号网络计划。
给出ABCDEFG等若干项工作的紧前工作以及持续活动时间,绘制出双代号网络图注意:此道计算题要注意的就是双代号网络计划图是只有一个开始和一个结尾的四、论述题(每小题30分,共1题,30分)
试论怎样利用项目全寿命周期对工程项目进行投资控制?。
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试MBA综合真题及答案
三、逻辑推理(本大题共30 小题,每小题2 分,共60 分。
在下列每题给出的五个选项中,只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡...上将所选的字母涂黑。
)26.巴斯德认为,空气中的微生物浓度与环境状况、气流运动和海拔高度有关。
他在山上的不同高度分别打开装着煮过的培养液的瓶子,发现海拔越来越高,培养液被微生物污染的可能性越小。
在山顶上,20个装了培养液的瓶子,只有1个长出了微生物。
普歇另用干草浸液做材料重复了巴斯德的实验,却得出不同的结果:及时在海拔很高的地方,所有装了培养液的瓶子很快长出了微生物。
以下哪项如果为真,最能解释普歇和巴斯德实验所得到的不同结果?只要有氧气的刺激,微生物就会从培养液中自发地生长出来。
培养液在加热消毒、密封、冷却的过程中会被外界细菌污染。
普歇和巴斯德的实验设计都不够严密。
干草浸液中含有一种耐高温的枯草杆菌,培养液一旦冷却,枯草杆菌的孢子就会复活,迅速繁殖。
普歇和巴斯德都认为,虽然他们用的实验材料不同,但是经过煮沸,细菌都能被有效地杀灭。
27.张教授的所有初中同学都不是博士;通过张教授而认识其哲学研究所同事的都是博士;张教授的一个初中同学通过张教授认识了王研究员。
以下哪项能作为结论从上述断定中推出?王研究员是张教授的哲学研究所同事。
王研究员不是张教授的哲学研究所同事。
王研究员是博士。
王研究员不是博士。
王研究员不是张教授的初中同学。
28.一般将缅甸所产的经过风化或经河水搬运至河谷、河床中的翡翠大砾石,称为“老坑玉”。
老坑玉的特点是“水头好”、质坚、透明度高,其上品透明如玻璃,故称“玻璃种”或“冰种”。
同为老坑玉,其质量相对也有高低之分,有的透明度高一些,有的透明度稍差些,所以价值也有差别。
在其他条件都相同的情况下,透明度高的老坑玉比透明度较其低的单位价值高,但是开采的实践告诉人们,没有单位价值最高的老坑玉。
以上陈述如果为真,可以得出以下哪项结论?没有透明度最高的老坑玉。
透明度高的老坑玉未必“水头好”。
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武汉理工大学2011年研究生入学考试模拟题 课程代码: 855 课程名称:信号与系统 (共 3 页,答题时不必抄题,标明题目序号)一、(12分)判断并说明理由:(1)(3分))()]([)(r 2t x t e T t == 是否为线性系统? (2) (3分) )](cos[)]([)(r t e a t e T t ==(a 为常数)是否为非时变系统? (3) (3分) wt t e t e T t cos )()]([)(r == 是否为稳定系统? (4) (3分) )]1(sin )1()]([)(r +-==t t e t e T t 是否为因果系统? 二、(8分)已知f(1-2t)的波形如图所示,试画出f(t)的波形并写出其表达式。
三、(10分)如图所示系统,已知)()(2t e t f t j ε-=,t t x 20cos )(=,试求:)(ωj F 、)(ωj X 和)(ωj Y 。
四、(8分)试求函数222(),f t t tαα=-∞<<∞+的傅里叶变换。
五、(8分)试求函数()ln9sF s s =+的拉普拉斯反变换。
六、(8分)已知()()↔f t F s ,且0a >,求1()()t atf t e f a-=的象函数1()F s 。
七、(12分)已知象函数3722)(2+-+=z z z z X求其收敛域分别为(1)3||>z ;(2)5.0||0<<z ;(3)3||5.0<<z 时对应的原序列)(n x 。
)八、(8分)有限频带信号()f t 的最高频率为100HZ ,若对信号2()()+f t f t 进行时域采样,求得最小采样频率s f 。
九、(16分)如图所示系统,设输入信号f (t )的频谱F (ω )和系统特性H 1( j ω )、H 2( j ω )均给定,试画出y (t )的频谱。
十、(15分)设一个LTI 离散系统的初始状态不为零,当激励为)()(1n u n f =时全响应为)(121)(1n u n y n ⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=,当激励为)()(2n u n f -=时全响应为)(121)(2n u n y n ⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡-⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=。
(1)当系统的初始状态保持不变,且激励为)(4)(3n u n f =时,求系统的全响应)(3n y 。
(2)当系统的初始状态增加一倍,且激励为)2(4)(4-=n u n f 时,求系统的全响应)(4n y 。
(3)求该系统的单位序列响应)(n h 。
十一、(15分)已知一线性时不变系统激励为)()(3t u e t f t -=,23()()()ttt f y t e ee u t ---=-+(1) 求系统的单位冲激响应)(t h ; (2) 画出系统的直接模拟框图(3) 若状态2_)0(=y ,1_)0('=y ,求零输入响应及全响应。
F (ω)H 1(j ω)H 2(j ω)十二、(18分)已知线性因果网络用下面差分方程描述)1(9.0)()1(9.0)(-++-=n x n x n y n y(1) 求网络的系统函数)(z H 及单位响应)(n h 。
(2) 写出频率响应)(ωj e H 表达式,并定性画出其幅频特性曲线。
(3) 设输入nj en x 0)(ω=,求输出)(n y 。
十三(12分)写出如题图所示框图表示的系统状态方程及输出方程。
)(a参考答案1. (1)非线性系统 (2)时不变系统 (3)稳定系统(4)因果系统2已知f (1-2t )的波形如图所示,试画出f (t )的波形并写出其表达式。
3图示系统,已知)()(2t e t f t j ε-=,t t x 20cos )(=,试求:)(ωj F 、)(ωj X 和)(ωj Y 。
解)]20()20([)(-++=ωδωδπωj x 39642)]18()22([(2)()(21)(2-++--++=*=ωωωωδωδπωωπωj j X j F j Y 4根据傅里叶的对称性求出下列函数的傅里叶变换222(),f t t tαα=-∞<<∞+ 解:由于222te αααΩ-↔+可知2222e tαΩαπα-↔+ 即222(),f t t tαα=-∞<<∞+的傅里叶变换为2e αΩπ- 5试求函数()ln 9sF s s =+的拉普拉斯反变换。
解:()ln9s F s s =+ ()ln ln ln(9)9sF s s s s ==-++)4()1(2)(4+++=t G t t f δt ) ωωπδεj t 1)()(+↔)2(1)2()(+++=ωωπδωj j F'911()(1)()()9t F s e u t tf t s s -=-↔-=-+91()(1)()t f t e u t t-=-6已知()()↔f t F s ,且0a >求1()()t atf t e f a-=的象函数1()F s ; 解:方法1:先频移后尺度()()()(1)t a a f t e f t F s F s -=↔=+11()()()()(1)a a tf t f F s aF as aF as a=↔==+方法2:先尺度后频移()()()()b b tf t f F s aF as a=↔=1111()()()()[()](1)t ab b f t ef t F s F s aF a s aF as a a-=↔=+=+=+7已知象函数3722)(2+-+=z z z z X求其收敛域分别为(1)3||>z ;(2)5.0||0<<z ;(3)3||5.0<<z 时对应的原序列)(n x 。
解:将zz X )(进行部分分式分解,得31315.0132)372(2)(2-⋅+--=+-+=z z z z z z z z z X 所以3315.032)(-⋅+--=z zz z z X ① (1) 当收敛域为3||>z 时,)(n x 为因果序列,查表得原序列)(]35.0[)(32)(1n u n n x n n ---=δ (2) 当收敛域为5.0||0<<z 时,式①等号右端第一项对应因果序列,第二、三项对应反因果序列,查表得原序列)1(]35.0[)(32)(1---+=-n u n n x n n δ (3) 当收敛域为3||5.0<<z 时,式①等号右端第一、二项对应因果序列,第三项对应反因果序列,查表得原序列)1(3)(5.0)(32)(1----=-n u n u n n x n n δ 821()()()()*()2f t f t F j F j F j ΩΩΩπ+↔+,频带增大为()F j Ω的两倍,确'2200c c f f HZ ==,''2400s c f f Hz ≥=9如图所示系统,设输入信号f (t )的频谱F (ω )和系统特性H 1( j ω )、H 2( j ω )均给定,试画出y (t )的频谱。
解 设t t f t f 50cos )()(1=,故由调制定理,得)]50()50([21)(1-++=ωωωF F F从而)()()()(1122ωωωF H F t f ⋅=↔它仅在| ω | = ( 30 ~ 50 )内有值。
再设t t f t f 30cos )()(23=则有)]30()30([21)(223-++=ωωωF F F即F 3(ω )是F 2(ω )的再频移。
进而得响应的频谱为)()()(23ωωωj H F Y ⋅=其结果仅截取 -20 < ω < 20的部分。
以上过程的频谱变化如图p4-9所示。
F (ω)H 1(j ω)H 2(j ω)10设一个LTI 离散系统的初始状态不为零,当激励为)()(1n u n f =时全响应为)(121)(1n u n y n ⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=,当激励为)()(2n u n f -=时全响应为)(121)(2n u n y n ⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡-⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=。
(1)当系统的初始状态保持不变,且激励为)(4)(3n u n f =时,求系统的全响应)(3n y 。
(2)当系统的初始状态增加一倍,且激励为)2(4)(4-=n u n f 时,求系统的全响应)(4n y 。
(3)求该系统的单位序列响应)(n h 。
解:设系统的初始状态保持不变,当激励为)()(1n u n f =时系统的零输入响应和零状态响应分别为)(n y x 、)(n y f 。
依题意,有:)(121)()()(1n u n y n y n y n f x ⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=+= ○1根据LTI 系统的性质,当激励为)()(2n u n f -=时全响应为)(121)(()(2n u n y n y n y n f x ⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡-⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=-=) ○2F 2(ω)F 3(ω) Y (ω) F 1(ω)联立式○1、○2,可解得:⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=++++)(12121)()(2121(1111n u n y n u n y n n f n n x )同样,根据LTI 系统的基本性质,不难得到:(1)当系统的初始状态保持不变,且激励为)(4)(3n u n f =时,系统的全响应为:)(4)()(3n y n y n y f x +=)(121214)(21211111n u n u n n n n ⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=++++ )(421321511n u n n ⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=++(2)当系统的初始状态增加一倍,且激励为)2(4)(4-=n u n f 时,系统的全响应为:)2(4)(2)(4-+=n y n y n y f x)2(121214)(21211111-⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=--++n u n u n n n n(3)由于)1()()(--=n u n u n δ,所以该系统的单位序列响应为:)1()()(--=n y n y n h f f)1(12121)(1212111-⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛=++n u n u n n n n 11.已知线性因果网络用下面差分方程描述)1(9.0)()1(9.0)(-++-=n x n x n y n y(4) 求网络的系统函数)(z H 及单位响应)(n h 。