初中语法讲解系列(附练习)-动词1(实义动词、连系动词、助动词)

动词（I）——实义动词、连系动词、助动词

一、实义动词

又称为行为动词，本身具有比较完整的意义，能够在句中单独作谓语。分为及物动词vt.与不及物动词vi.两大类

1、vt.后要加宾语才能使其意义完整；而vi.后无须加宾语，其本身就能表达完整的意思

2、当vi.后需要接宾语时，要在其后加上一个合适的介词

二、连系动词

简称系动词，后面必须加形容词、名词、不定式或动名词等表语一起构成系表结构

1、表示“状态”的连系动词，如be，look，smell，taste，sound，feel，keep，stay，remain等

2、表示“变化”的连系动词，如become，turn，get，grow等

三、助动词

本身没有意义，不能独立作谓语，它必须和实义动词一起构成时态、语态、否定和疑问等结构。英语中常见的助动词有am，is，are，was，were，do，does，did，have，has，had，will，shall，would等

1、助动词be（am，is，are，was，were）用来帮助构成进行时态和被动语态 am/is/are+ doing sth. 现在进行时

was/ were+ doing sth. 过去进行时

be+过去分词被动语态

2、助动词have（has，have，had）用于帮助构成完成时态

has/have +过去分词现在完成时

had +过去分词过去完成时

3、助动词do（does，do，did）用于帮助构成疑问句和否定句；用于强调句，加强说话语气

Do be quiet，children！

4、助动词shall和will用于构成将来时，shall仅用于第一人称，will可用于任何人称

will/shall + v.一般将来时

would/should + v.过去将来时

课堂练习

1.By the time I got outside, the school bus (leave).

2.In order to provide better services for foreigners during the 2nd Youth Olympic Games, lots of bus and taxi drivers are busy (learn) English.

3.Yesterday I a new dress at the Macy's for my mum.( buy)

4.When I got home, my pet dog (lie) on the floor, dead.

5.We are looking forward to (visit) Shanghai World Expo.

6.Many school things were (send) to Yushu last month.

7.There is nothing important in today's newspaper. How about (listen) to the radio?

8.At weekends, Nancy enjoys (read) comic books at home.

9.I don't like eating lemon. It t too sour.

10.Would you like to (分享) your experiences with us?

课后作业

1.—When did your uncle in Shanghai?

—The day before yesterday.

A. arrive

B. get

C. reach

D. go

st Sunday my aunt at home with me. We were watching TV all day

A. was

B. were

C. is

D. are

3.This silk dress so smooth. It's made in China.

A. feels

B. smells

C. sounds

D. tastes

4.How's Annie? I her for a long time.

A. don't see

B. won't see

C. didn't see

D. haven't seen

5.—When Jessy to New York?

—Yesterday.

A. does; get

B. did; get

C. has; got

D. had; got

6.—Where is Ben?

—He to the teachers' office. He will be back soon.

A. go

B. has gone

C. has been

D. goes

7.—Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV?

—Sometimes. It's an interesting program, but I Sports News.

A. prefer

B. want

C. enjoy

D. miss

8.Everyone I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong.

A. find

B. think

C. finds

D. thinks

9.Your homework is well done. Just some small mistakes in it.

A. create

B. connect

C. correct

D. control

10.It's too bright and sunny. Why not your sun glasses?

A.break

B. clean

C. make

D. wear

11.The bus is coming. Be careful when you the bus.

A. get on

B. get off

C. get up

D. get to

12.The plane will from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London.

A. take up

B. take out

C. take away

D. take off