高级英语第二次课文需背诵翻译部分原文+译文

Lesson2
The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flies is that the corpses here are never put into coffins, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried.(翻译)
一小队送葬者——所有送葬者均为男子——迂回穿行于集贸市场，从一堆堆石榴以及出租汽车和骆驼间挤道而行，一边走一边悲痛地重复着一支短促的哀歌。

四个朋友抬着一个薄薄的木制停尸架，上面放着一具破布包裹的尸体，苍蝇因而群起追逐。

这里的人去世后尸体从不入殓。

朋友们到了安葬场后，便在地上凿出一个一至两英尺深的长方形坑洞，将尸体往坑里一倒，再草草洒上一些像碎砖头一样的干土块。

他们既不立墓碑，不刻名字，也不作任何标记。

坟场只不过是一大片土丘林立的荒野，恰似废弃的建筑工地。

一两个月过后，谁也说不准亲人究竟葬于何处。

When you go through the Jewish Quarters you gather some idea of what the medieval ghettoes were probably like. Under their Moorish Moorishrulers the Jews were only allowed to own land in certain restricted areas, and after centuries of this kind of treatment they have ceased to bother about overcrowding. Many of the streets are a good deal less than six feet wide, the houses are completely windowless, and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. Down the centre of the street there is generally running a little river of urine.
当你走过这儿的犹太人聚居区时，你就会知道中世纪犹太人区大概是个什么样子。

在摩尔人的统治下，犹太人只能在划定的一些地区内保有土地。

受这样的待遇经过了好几个世纪后，他们已经不再为拥挤不堪而烦扰了。

这儿很多街道的宽度远远不足六英尺，房屋根本没有窗户，眼睛红肿的孩子随处可见，多的像一群群苍蝇，数也数不清。

街上往往是尿流成河。

It is only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. But where the human beings have brown skins their poverty is simply not noticed. What does Morocco mean to a Frenchman? An orange grove or a job in Government service. Or to an Englishman? Camels, castles, palm trees, Foreign Legionnaires, brass trays, and bandits. One could probably live there for years without noticing that for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil.
正因如此，贫穷至极的亚非国家反倒成了旅游观光的胜地。

没有谁会有兴趣到本地的贫困地区去作依次毫无价值的旅行。

但在那些居住着褐色皮肤的人的地方，他们的贫困却根本没有人能注意大批。

摩洛哥对于一个法国人来说意味着什么呢？无非是一个能买到橘子圆或者谋取一份政府差使的地方。

对于一个英国人呢？不过是骆驼、城堡、棕榈树、外籍兵团、黄铜盘子和匪徒等富于浪漫色彩的字眼而已。

就算是在那儿呆过多年的人也未必会注意得到，对于当地百分之九十的居民来说，现实生活只意味着永无休止、劳累至极的斗争，其目的是从贫瘠的土壤中费力地弄出点吃的来。

This kind of thing makes one's blood boil, whereas-- on the whole -- the plight of the human beings does not. I am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. Anyone can be sorry for the donkey with its galled back, but it is generally owing to some kind of accident if one even notices the old woman under her load of sticks.
这类事情真是令人义愤填膺。

然而，一般来说，人类的困境却没有引起同样的反响。

我并不是在发表议论，而仅仅是在陈述一个事实。

棕色人近乎于无形。

人人都会去同情一头脊背磨伤的驴子，但若要注意到柴火堆下的老妇人，只能归于某种巧合。

They were Senegalese, the blackest Negroes in Africa, so black that sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms, their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood, and every tin hat seemed to be a couple of sizes too small. It was very hot and the men had marched a long way. They slumped under the weight of their packs and the curiously sensitive black faces were glistening with sweat.
他们是塞内加尔人，是非洲肤色最黑的人——黑得简直难以看清他们颈项上的头发从何处生起。

他们健硕的身躯罩在旧的卡其布制服里面，脚上套着一双看上去像块木板似的靴子，每个人头上戴着的钢盔似乎都小了一两号。

天气正热,队伍已经走了很长一段路，士兵们都被沉重的包袱压得疲惫不堪，敏感得出奇的黑脸颊上汗水闪闪发光。

Lesson3
Perhaps it is because of my up-bringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other's lives. They are companions, not intimates. The fact that their marriages may be on the rooks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into,each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.(翻译)
或许是由于我从小经常光顾英国酒吧的缘故吧，我认为酒吧里的闲聊别有韵味。

酒吧里的朋友萍水相逢，他们并非至交，只是临时作伴而已。

也许有人婚姻即将破裂，或者恋爱失败，亦或整天心绪不佳—这些都不会成为酒吧朋友间的谈资。

他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然朝夕相处，却从不打探彼此的私事，也不去窥探别人心底的思想和情感。

The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. The enemy of good conversation is the person who has "something to say." Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdotes, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the opportunity is lost. They are ready to let it go.
闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。

它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。

要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。

闲聊不是为了进行争论。

闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。

闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。

事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。

也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。

It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without any focus and with no need for one, that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it--she clearly had not come into the bar to say it, it was not something that was pressing on her mind--but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.
有一天晚上的情形正是这样。

人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。

谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。

可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。

我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。

"Someone told me the Other day that the phrase, 'the King's English' was a term of criticism, that it means language which one should not properly use."
“几天前，我听到一个人说…标准英语‟这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。

”
Someone took one of the best-known of examples, which is still always worth the reconsidering. When we talk of meat on our tables we use French words; when we speak of the animals from which the meat comes we use Anglo-Saxon words. It is a pig in its sty ; it is pork (porc) on the table. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). Chickens become poultry (poulet), and a calf becomes veal (veau). Even if our menus were not wirtten in French out of snobbery, the English we used in them would still be Norman English. What all this tells us is of a deep class rift in the culture of England after the Norman conquest.
有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。

我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。

猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。

即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。

这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。

Heartened by the knowledge that Polly was not altogether a cretin, I began a long, patient review of all I had told her. Over and over and over again I cited instances, pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without letup. It was like digging a tunnel. At first, everything was work, sweat, and darkness. I had no idea when I would reach the light, or even if I would. But I persisted. I pounded and clawed and scraped, and finally I was rewarded. I saw a chink of light. And then the chink got bigger and the sun came pouring in and all was bright.（翻译）
原来波利并非朽木不可雕，这让我备受鼓舞。

于是，我便开始把教过她的内容，长时间、耐心地进行复习。

我一遍又一遍地援引例子，指出谬误，孜孜不倦。

这就好比挖隧道，开始只有劳累、汗水和黑暗，不知道何时能见到光亮，甚至还不知道能否见到光亮。

但我没有松懈。

我敲开岩壁，挖出碎石，磨平地面，终于得到了回报。

我见到了一线/一丝微弱亮光！这亮光越来越大，终于阳光洒进来，一切都豁然开朗了。

Five grueling nights with this took, but it was worth it. I had made a logician out of Polly; I had taught her to think. My job was done. She was worthy of me, at last. She was a fit wife for me, a proper hostess for my many mansions, a suitable mother for my well-heeled children.
这花了整整五个晚上，我感到精疲力竭，但我的付出总算没有白费。

在我的教导下，波利学会了思考，成了一个逻辑学家。

我的任务完成了/目标实现了，她终于配得上我啦。

她会成为我的好妻子，我多座豪宅的好管家，我阔绰孩子的好妈妈。

（翻译）
It must not be thought that I was without love for this girl. Quite the contrary. Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. I decided to acquaint her with my feelings at our very next meeting. The time had come to change our relationship from academic to romantic. （翻译）
你千万别认为我不喜欢这姑娘，事实正好相反。

正如皮格马利翁迷恋自己塑造的完美女像一样，我也深爱我的学生波利。

我决定下次约会时向她表白。

我们由师生变为爱人/恋人的时机成熟了。

Cool was I and logical. Keen, calculating, perspicacious, acute and astute—I was all of these. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, precise as a chemist‟s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. And—think of it!—I only eighteen.
我这个人头脑冷静，逻辑思维能力强。

敏锐、慎重、聪慧、深刻、机智一一这些就是我的特点。

我的大脑像发电机一样发达，孳化学家的天平一样精确，像手术刀一样锋利。

一一你知道吗?我才十八岁呀。

It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. Take, for example, Petey Bellows, my roommate at the university. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. A nice enough fellow, you understand, but nothing upstairs. Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist. Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason. To be swept up in every new craze that comes along, to surrender oneself to idiocy just because everybody else is doing it—this, to me, is the acme of mindlessness. Not, however, to Petey.
年纪这么轻而智力又如此非凡的人并不常有。

就拿在明尼苏达大学跟我同住一个房间的皮蒂?伯奇来说吧，他跟我年龄相哆‟经历一样，可他笨得像头驴。

小伙子长得年轻漂亮，可惜脑子里却空空如也。

他易于激动，情绪反复无常，容易受别人的影响。

最糟的是他爱赶时髦。

我认为，赶时髦就是最缺乏理智的表现。

见到一q9种新鲜的东西就跟着学，以为别人都在那么干，自己也就卷进去傻干——这在我看来，简直愚蠢至极，但皮蒂却不以为然。

Lesson7
On certain levels of the American race, indeed, there seems to be a positive libido for the ugly, as on other and less Christian levels there is a libido for the beautiful. It is impossible to put down the wallpaper that defaces the average American home of the lower middle class to mere inadvertence , or to the obscene humor of the manufacturers. Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind. They meet, in some unfathomable way, its obscure and unintelligible demands. The taste for them is as enigmatical and yet as common as the taste for dogmatic theology and the poetry of Edgar A Guest.
美国一些阶层中似乎确实存在着爱丑之欲，而其它非基督徒阶层中却存在着爱美之心。

美国普通中下阶层的住宅因为使用了某种墙纸而丑陋不堪，但我们决不能将其归咎于选购者的疏忽，也不能归咎于/或是墙纸制造商低俗的幽默。

显然，墙纸的可怕图案以某种莫名其妙的方式满足了某些人晦涩难解的心理需要，所以，这些人从中获得了真正的愉悦感。

他们欣赏这些丑陋图案，如同欣赏教条主义神学和埃德加·A·格斯特的诗歌一样，虽不可思议，却又屡见不鲜。

Now and then there is a house of brick. But what brick! When it is new it is the color of a fried egg. When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. Was it necessary to adopt that shocking color? No more than it was necessary to set all of the houses on end. Red brick, even in a steel town, ages with some dignity. Let it become downright black, and it is still sightly , especially if its trimmings are of white stone, with soot in the depths and the high spots washed by the rain. But in Westmoreland they prefer that uremic yellow, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye.
偶尔也可以看到一幢砖房，可那叫什么砖啊!新建的时候，它的颜色像油煎鸡蛋，然而一经工厂排放出来的烟尘熏染，蒙上一层绿锈时，它的颜色便像那早已无人问津的臭蛋一样了。

难道一定得采用这种糟糕的颜色吗?这就与把房屋都建成直立式一样没看攀要。

若是用红砖造房，便可以越古老陈旧越气派，即使在钢铁城镇中也是如此。

红砖就算被染得漆黑，看起来还是能够使人悦目，尤其是如果用白石镶边，经雨水一洗刷，凹处烟垢残存，凸处本色外露，红黑映衬，更觉美观。

可是在威斯特摩兰县，人们却偏偏喜欢用那血尿般的黄色，因此便有了这种世界上最丑陋不堪、最令人恶心的城镇和乡村。

Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners--dull, insensate brutes, with no love of beauty in them? Then why didn't these foreigners set up similar abominations in the countries that they came from? You will, in fact, find nothing of the sort in Europe--save perhaps in the more putrid parts of England. There is scarcely an ugly village on the whole Continent. The peasants, however poor, somehow manage to make themselves graceful and charming habitations, even in Spain. But in the American village and small town the pull is always toward ugliness, and in that Westmoreland valley it has been yielded to with an eagerness bordering upon passion. It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.
这些房屋如此丑陋，难道是因为该河谷地区住满了一些愚蠢迟钝、麻木不仁、毫无爱美之心的外国蛮子吗?若果然如此，为什么那些外国蛮子却并没有在自己的故土上造出这样丑恶的东西来呢?事实上，在欧洲绝对找不到这种丑恶的东西——英国的某些破败的地区也许例外。

整个欧洲大陆很难找到一个丑陋的村落。

欧洲那儿的农民，不论怎么穷，都会想方设法将自己的居室修造得美观雅致，即使在西班牙也是如此。

而在美国的乡村和小城镇里，人们千方百计地追求的目标是丑陋，尤其在那个威斯特摩兰河谷地区，人们对丑的追求已达到狂热的程度。

如果说单凭愚昧无知就能造就这样令人毛骨悚然的杰作，那是无法让人信服的。

Here is something that the psychologists have so far neglected: the love of ugliness for its own sake, the lust to make the world intolerable. Its habitat is the United States. Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. The etiology of this madness deserves a great deal more study than it has got. There must be causes behind it; it arises and flourishes in obedience to biological laws, and not as a mere act of God. What, precisely, are the terms of those laws? And why do they run stronger in America than elsewhere? Let some honest Privat Dozent in pathological sociology apply himself to the problem.
这里涉及到一个心理学家迄今未加重视的问题，即为了丑本身的价值而爱丑(非因其他利益驱动而爱丑)，急欲将世界打扮得丑不可耐的变态心理。

这种心理的孳生地就是美国。

从美国这个大熔炉中产生出了一个新的种族，他们像仇视真理一样地仇视美。

这种变态心理的产生根源值得进行更多的研究，它的背后一定隐藏着某些原因，其产生和发展肯定受到某些生物学规律的制约，而不能简单地看成是出于上帝的安排。

那么，这些规律的具体内容究竟是什么呢?为什么它们在美国比在其他任何地方更为盛行?这个问题还是让某位像德国大学的无薪教师那样正直的社会病理学家去研究吧。

Lesson10
The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable. The booming of American industry, with its gigantic, roaring factories, its corporate impersonality, and its largescale aggressiveness, no longer left any room for the code of polite behavior and well-bred morality fashioned in a quieter and less competitive age. War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth-century society.(翻译)
在当时的美国，青年一代摒弃维多利亚式的温文尔雅无论如何都已经成为必然。

美国工业飞速发展，庞大的工厂机器轰鸣，大公司中人情淡漠，好胜意识日益高涨——这些使得在较安宁而少争斗的年代里所形成的温文尔雅的礼貌行为和谦谦忍让的道德风范完全没有用武之地。

在这个喧嚣的商业化社会中，年轻人必须奋力拼搏才会有望成功，而维多利亚式的行为准则此时却显得格格不入，因此，无论一战是否发生，随着时代的进步，期望他们接受这套准则变得越来越难。

战争不过是催化剂，加速了维多利亚式社会结构的崩溃。

战争把年轻一代骤然推向大规模的屠杀战场，释放出他们体内潜藏的压抑已久的狂暴力量。

战争结束后，这种狂暴力量便在欧洲和美国掉转矛头，去摧毁那日渐式微的十九世纪的道德规范了。

No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and sensationally romanticized than the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting "sheik," and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the "flapper" and the "drug-store cowboy." "Were young people really so wild?" present-day students ask their parents and teachers. "Was there really a Younger Generation problem?" The answers to such inquiries must of necessity be "yes" and "no"--"Yes" because the business of growing up is always accompanied by a Younger Generation Problem; "no" because what seemed so wild, irresponsible, and immoral in social behavior at the time can now be seen in perspective as being something considerably less sensational than the degenerauon of our jazzmad youth.
二十年代社会生活的各个方面中，被人们评论得最多、渲染得最厉害的，莫过于青年一代的叛逆之行了。

只要有只言片语提到那个时期，就会勾起中年人怀旧的回忆和青年人好奇的提问。

中年人会回忆起第一次光顾非法酒店时的那种既高兴又不安的违法犯罪的刺激感，回忆起对清教徒式的道德规范的勇猛抨击，回忆起停在乡间小路上的小轿车里颠鸾倒凤的时髦爱情试验方式；青年人则会问起有关那时的一些纵情狂欢的爵士舞会，问起那成天背着酒葫芦、勾引得女人团团转的“美男子”，问起那些“时髦少女”和“闲荡牛仔”的奇装异服和古怪行为等等的情况。

“那时的青年果真这样狂放不羁吗?”今天的青年学生们不禁好奇地向他们的师长问起这样的问题。

“那时真的有过青年一代的问题吗?”对这类问题的回答必然只能是既“对”又“不对”——说“对，，是因为人的成长过程中一贯就存在着所谓青年一代的问题；说“不对”是因为在当时的社会看来似乎是那么狂野。

那么不负责任，那么不讲道德的行为，若是用今天的正确眼光去看的话，却远远没有今天的一些迷恋爵士乐的狂荡青年的堕落行为那么耸人听闻。

Actually, the revolt of the young people was a logical outcome of conditions in the age: First of all, it must be remembered that the rebellion was not confined to the Unit- ed States, but affected the entire Western world as a result of the aftermath of the first serious war in a century. Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some- subconsciously if not openly -- that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.
实际上，青年一代的叛逆行为是当时的时代条件的必然结果。

首先，值得记住的是，这种叛逆行为并不局限于美国，而是作为百年之中第一次惨烈的战争的后遗症影响到整个西方世界。

其次，在美国，有一些人已经很不情愿地认识到——如果不是明明白白地认识到，至少是下意识地认识到——无论在政治方面还是在传统方面，我们的国家已不再是与世隔绝的了；我们所取得的国际地位使我们永远也不能再退缩到狭隘道德规范的人造围墙之后，或是躲在相邻的两大洋的地理保护之中了。

Greenwich Village set the pattern. Since the Seven-ties a dwelling place for artists and writers who settled there because living was cheap, the village had long enjoyed a dubious reputation for Bohemianism and eccentricity. It had also harbored enough major writers, especially in the decade before World War I, to support its claim to being the intellectual center of the nation. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and "Puritanical" gentility , ,should flock to the traditional artistic center (where living was still cheap in 1919) to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout the morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.
格林威治村为他们树立了榜样。

自七十年代因其生活消费低廉而成为艺术家和作家聚居地以来，格林威治村在很长时间里一直享有波希米亚式生活和怪僻行为的说不清是好还是坏的名声。

过去，尤其是在第一次世界大战之前的十年中，这地方还曾栖居过许多大作家，因而使它成了名副其实的全美国文人雅士中心。

战后，那些脑子里和笔杆子里都充满着对战争、市侩气和“清教徒式的”道德修养的仇恨的怒火的年轻有为的作家们便自然而然地云集到这个传统的艺术中心(那儿的生活消费在1919年仍很低廉)，去倾泻他们那新近获得的创造力，去摧毁旧世界，嘲弄前辈们所信守的道德规范，把自己的一切献给艺术、爱情和感官享受。