华中科技大学大学英语分级考试样题
网络教育本科全国统考大学英语模拟题第4套
华中科技大学网络教育深圳学习中心 整理
B：Superstars re famous for being famous. C：One's look can contribute to being famous. D：Heroes and heroines can only emerge in war times. 答案： D (4)、Beautiful young Diana Spencer found her genuine love________. A：when she was 19 B：when she became a princess C： just before her death D：after she gave birth to a prince 答案： C (5)、What is more likely to set an icon's status? ________ A：Good looks. B：Tragic and early death. C：Personal attraction. D：The quality of one's story. 答案： B
华中科技大学网络教育深圳学习中心 整理
You probably know how to ride a bike safely. Now learn to use a computer safely. Your eyes Too much light can injure your eyes，so never sit too close to a computer screen. Your eyes should be at least 50cm from the screen. Remember to look away from it sometimes. This gives your eyes a rest. When you use a computer, the window should be on your left or your right. If it is behind you, the light will reflect on (反射) the screen. If the window is in front of you, the sun and the screen will both shine into your eyes. Your hands and wrists Hand and wrist injuries can happen because the hands and wrists are moved in the same way hundreds of times. If you use a keyboard for a long time，follow these three rules:1) Rest your wrists on some thing. 2) Keep your elbows (肘) at the same height as the keyboard. 3) Stop sometimes and exercise your hands，wrists and fingers in a different way. Your back Some people sit for many hours in front of a computer. If you sit in the wrong way，you can injure your back or your neck. So you should sit with your back straight. The top part of the screen should be in front of your eyes. Your forearms，wrists，hands and the upper part of your legs should all be parallel (平行) to the floor. If you are sitting for a long time，get up every 30 minutes and exercise your arms，legs and neck. Enjoy your computer，but use it safely. (1)、A computer screen may injure your eyes if your eyes are too close to it. A：T B：F 答案： A (2)、Hand and wrist injuries are caused when you get plenty of exercise. A：T B：F 答案： B (3)、Your eyes and hands will be safe if you often take rests from working. A：T B：F 答案： A (4)、It is good for your back and neck if you sit in the right way. A：T B：F 答案： A
华中科技大学同济医学院博一英语考试参考样体
I：根据JCR分类的期刊的影响因子、全称相关的问题，练习使用JCR和作者查询；5%--5道题II：根据Web of Science搜索作者+单位+领域得到的文章及被引次数的问题；5%--5道题III：一篇Title+Abstract的划分几部分，每部分分别到哪里相关的问题；P20810%--5道题Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp. AbstractWithout an approved vaccine or treatments,Ebola outbreak management has been limited to palliative care and barrier methods to prevent transmission.These approaches,however,have yet to end the2014outbreak of Ebola after its prolonged presence in West Africa.／Here we show that a combination of monoclonal antibodies(ZMapp),optimized from two previous antibody cocktails,is able to rescue 100%of rhesus macaques when treatment is initiated up to5days post-challenge.／High fever,viraemia and abnormalities in blood count and blood chemistry were evident in many animals before ZMapp intervention.Advanced disease,as indicated by elevated liver enzymes,mucosal haemorrhages and generalized petechia could be reversed,leading to full recovery.ELISA and neutralizing antibody assays indicate that ZMapp is cross-reactive with the Guinean variant of Ebola.／ZMapp exceeds the efficacy of any other therapeutics described so far,and results warrant further development of this cocktail for clinical use.Questions：11.Among the eight types of titles,which type does this title belong to?A:noun phrase and prepositional phrase.12.How many parts can you divide the abstract into Name each part?A:Four parts.1.Background,2.objective,3.Methods and Reults,4.Conclusion.13.What is the objective of the study?A:Here we show that…up to5days post-challenge.14.What are the results?A:Advanced disease…with the Guinean variant of Ebola.15.In the sentence,”Advanced disease,as indicated by elevated liver enzymes,mucosal haemorrhages and generalized petechia could be reversed,leading to full recovery.”Please translate the term“generalized petechia”into Chinese?A:全身瘀斑IV：最后一次课，无PPT一篇Introduction+Reference Title：P21720%--10道题IntroductionEbola virus(EBOV)infections cause severe illness in humans,and after an incubation period of3to21days,patients initially present with general flu-like symptoms beforea rapid progression to advanced disease characterized by hemorrhage,multi-organ failure and a shock-like syndrome1.In the spring of2014,a new EBOV variant emerged in the West African country of Guinea2,an area in which EBOV has not been previously reported.Despite a sustained international response from local and international authorities including the Ministry of Health(MOH),World Health Organization(WHO)and Médecins Sans Frontières(MSF)since March2014,the outbreak has yet to be brought to an end after five months.As of15th August2014, there are2127total cases and1145deaths spanning Guinea,Sierra Leone,Liberia and Nigeria3.So far,this outbreak has set the record for the largest number of cases and fatalities,in addition to geographical spread4.Controlling an EBOV outbreak of this magnitude has proven to be a challenge and the outbreak is predicted to last for at least several more months5.In the absence of licensed vaccines and therapeutics against EBOV,there is little that can be done for infected patients outside of supportive care,which includes fluid replenishment,administration of antivirals,and management of secondary symptoms6,7.With overburdened personnel,and strained local and international resources,experimental treatment options cannot be considered for compassionate use in an orderly fashion at the moment.However,moving promising strategies forward through the regulatory process of clinical development has never been more urgent.Over the past decade,several experimental strategies have shown promise in treating EBOV-challenged nonhuman primates(NHPs)after infection.These include recombinant human activated protein C(rhAPC)8,recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2(rNAPc2)9,small interfering RNA(siRNA)10,positively-charged phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers(PMO plus)11,the vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine(VSVΔG-EBOVGP)12,as well as the monoclonal antibody(mAb)cocktails MB-003(consisting of human or human-mouse chimeric mAbs c13C6,h13F6and c6D8)13and ZMAb(consisting of murine mAbs m1H3,m2G4and m4G7)14.Of these,only the antibody-based candidates have demonstrated substantial benefits in NHPs when administered greater than24hours past EBOV exposure.Follow-up studies have shown that MB-003is partially efficacious when administered therapeutically after the detection of two disease“triggers”15,and ZMAb combined with an adenovirus-based adjuvant provides full protection in rhesus macaques when given up to72hours after infection16.The current objective is to develop a therapeutic superior to both MB-003and ZMAb, which could be utilized for outbreak patients,primary health-care providers,as well as high-containment laboratory workers in the future.This study aims to first identify an optimized antibody combination derived from MB-003and ZMAb components, before determining the therapeutic limit of this mAb cocktail in a subsequent experiment.In order to extend the antibody half-life in humans and to facilitate clinical acceptance,the individual murine antibodies in ZMAb were first chimerized with human constant regions(cZMAb).The cZMAb components were then producedin Nicotiana benthamiana17,using the large-scale,cGMP-compatible Rapid Antibody Manufacturing Platform(RAMP)and magnICON vectors that currently also manufactures the individual components of cocktail MB-003,before efficacy testing in animals.References1.Bausch DG,Sprecher AG,Jeffs B,Boumandouki P.Treatment of Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers:a strategy for testing new drugs and vaccines under outbreak conditions.Antiviral Res.2008;78:150–161.doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.01.152.[PubMed][Cross Ref]2.Baize S,et al.Emergence of Zaire Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea-Preliminary Report.N Engl J Med.2014doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1404505.[PubMed][Cross Ref]3.WHO.int.WHO-Ebola virus disease(EVD)2014<http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/disease/ebola/en/>..Chronology of Ebola Hemorrhagic FeverOutbreaks.2014</vhf/ebola/resources/outbreak-table.html>.5.Reliefweb.int.W.African Ebola epidemic‘likely to last months’:UN.2014<http://reliefweb.int/report/guinea/w-african-ebola-epidemic-likely-last-mo nths-un>.6.Clark DV,Jahrling PB,Lawler JV.Clinical management of filovirus-infected patients.Viruses.2012;4:1668–1686.doi:10.3390/v4091668.[PMC freearticle][PubMed][Cross Ref]7.Guimard Y,et anization of patient care during the Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Kikwit,Democratic Republic of the Congo,1995.J InfectDis.1999;179(Suppl1):S268–273.doi:10.1086/514315.[PubMed][Cross Ref]8.Hensley LE,et al.Recombinant human activated protein C for the postexposure treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever.J Infect Dis.2007;196(Suppl2):S390–399.doi: 10.1086/520598.[PubMed][Cross Ref]9.Geisbert TW,et al.Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor:a study in rhesus ncet.2003;362:1953–1958. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15012-X.[PubMed][Cross Ref]10.Geisbert TW,et al.Postexposure protection of non-human primates against a lethal Ebola virus challenge with RNA interference:a proof-of-conceptncet.2010;375:1896–1905.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60357-1.[PubMed][Cross Ref]Questions:16.What is the difference between abstract and introduction?A:There are no references in the abstract and no results in introduction.17.How many parts can you divide the introduction into?Name each part?A:Four Parts.Background,Conclusion,Objective,Method18.What problem is posed on this article?A:The current objective is to develop a therapeutic superior to both MB-003and ZMAb,which could be utilized for outbreak patients,primary health-care providers, as well as high-containment laboratory workers in the future.19.In the first paragragh,what does“supportive care”refer to?A:It includes fluid replenishment,administration of antivirals,and management of secondary symptoms20.What style of referencing system does it belong to?A:Citation order system.21.How many authors are listed in item1?A:Four.22.Where is the article published in Item2?A:New England Journal of Medicine.23.What kind of the reference source does item3belong to?24.What type does the title belong to in item10?A:Title and subtitle25.Please translate the Chinese title“肝素疗法的前瞻性随机研究：into English by using the same method as Item10.A:Heparin therapy:Prospective randomized studyVI：Journal Instruction for authors：10%--11道题General InformationJAMA Internal Medicine is an international peer-reviewed journal providing innovative and clinically relevant research for practitioners in general internal medicine and internal medicine subspecialities. The Editor of JAMA Internal Medicine is Rita F.Redberg,MD,MSc,University of California San Francisco School of Medicine,San Francisco,California.The journal is published online every Monday and in print each month.Authorship Criteria and Conditions and Authorship FormEach author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content.One or more of the authors should take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole,from inception to published article.1,2According to the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors(ICMJE),as revised in2013,2authorship credit should be based on the following4criteria:(1)substantial contributions to conception or design of the work,or the acquisition,analysis,or interpretation of data for the work;and(2)drafting of the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;and(3)final approval of the version to be published;and(4)agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Each author should be accountable for the parts of the work he or she has done.In addition,each author should be able to identify which coauthors are responsible for specific other parts of the work and should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of any coauthors.Changes in AuthorshipAuthors should determine the order of authorship among themselves and should settle any disagreements among themselves before submitting their manuscripts.Changes in authorship(ie,order,addition,and deletion of authors)should be discussed and approved by all authors.Any requests for such changes in authorship after initial manuscript submission and before publication should be explained in writing to the editor in a letter or email from all authors.1(pp134-135)Manuscript SubmissionManuscripts should be submitted online via the online manuscript submission and review system.At the time of submission,complete contact information(affiliation,postal/mail address,e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers)for the corresponding author is required.First and last names,e-mail addresses,and institutional affiliations of all coauthors are also required.Manuscripts submitted through the online system should not also be submitted by mail or e-mail.After the manuscript is submitted,the corresponding author will receive an acknowledgment confirming receipt and a manuscript number.Authors will be able to track the status of their manuscripts via the online system. After manuscript submission,all authors of Letters to the Editor and Invited Commentaries will be sent an Authorship Form to complete and submit(see sample Authorship Form).All authors of all other manuscripts will receive an Authorship Form at the time of request for/receipt of a revision to their manuscript.See Manuscript Checklist,Manuscript Preparation and Submission Requirements,1,2and other details in these instructions for additional requirements.Manuscript StyleManuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the AMA Manual of Style,10th edition,1and/or the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct,Reporting,Editing,and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.TitleTitles should be concise,specific,and informative and should contain the key points of the work.1(p8) Please limit the length of titles to150characters for reports of research and other major articles and 100characters for Editorials,Viewpoints,Commentaries,and Letters.For scientific manuscripts, overly general titles are not desirable and questions and declarative sentences should be avoided.For reports of clinical trials,meta-analyses,and systematic reviews,include the type of study as a subtitle (eg,A Randomized Clinical Trial,A Meta-analysis,A Systematic Review).For reports of other types of research,do not include study type or design in the title or subtitleReferencesAuthors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the references and for their correct text citation.Cite all references in the text or tables.Number references in the order they appear in the text;do not alphabetize.In text,tables,and legends,identify references with superscript arabic numerals.When listing references,follow AMA style1(pp39-79)and abbreviate names of journals according to the journals list in PubMed.List all authors and/or editors up to6;if more than6,list the first3followed by“et al.”Note:Journal references should include the issue number in parentheses after the volume number.Examples of reference style:1.Garbutt JM,Banister C,Spitznagel E,Piccirillo JF.Amoxicillin for acute rhinosinusitis:a randomized controlled trial.JAMA.2012;307(7):685-692.2.Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services.CMS proposals to implement certain disclosure provisions of the Affordable Care Act./apps/media/press/factsheet.asp?Counter=4221.Accessed January30,2012.3.McPhee SJ,Winker MA,Rabow MW,Pantilat SZ,Markowitz AJ,eds.Care at the Close of Life: Evidence and Experience.New York,NY:McGraw Hill Medical;2011.Questions:25.What kinds of articles does JAMA provide?A:They provide innovative and clinically relevant research for practitioners in general internal medicine and internal medicine subspecialities.26.How many criteria are the authorship credit based on?A:There are4criteria.27.What is required if there are changes in authorship?A:Any requests for such changes in authorship after initial manuscript submission and before publication should be explained in writing to the editor in a letter or email from all authors28.Can authors submit their articles via mail or e-mail?A:No29.How do authors know the status of their manuscript?A:Authors will be able to track the status of their manuscripts via the online system30.What is the requirement for the title of reports of research and other major articles?A:Please limit the length of titles to150characters for reports of research and other major articles 31.Structured abstract can be further divided into two kinds.What are they?A:The first kind is divided into five parts:Background,Objective,Methods,Results and Conclusion and the other one is divided into four parts:Objective,Methods,Results and Conclusion.32.In test,tables,and legends,how are the references identified?A:In text,tables,and legends,identify references with superscript arabic numerals.33.If the authors are more than six,how to list the authors’name?A:if more than6,list the first3followed by“et al.”34.In reference Item3,what is“Care at the Close of Life:Evidence and Experience”?A:The name of the cited book.35.In reference Item3,NY:McGraw Hill Medical is publisher.。
华科2021博士入学英语试题_及参考答案
华科2021博士入学英语试题_及参考答案华科2021博士入学英语试题及参考答案Passage 1Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities - as well as new and significant risks. Civilrights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselvesin business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontractsthat are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement,has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record theirefforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980's is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and,unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments innew plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The worldof corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company's efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons forjoint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups andminority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming-and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.11. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks. [C] propose a temporary solution to a problem. [D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm. [B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government. [D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3.The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned business es, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible4 According to the text, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor is that they have[A] been especially vulnerable to government mismanagement of the economy.[B] been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors.[C] not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations.[D] not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers.5 The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should[A] avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding. 【B】 concentrating on securing even more business from that corporation. [C] use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns.[D] try to expand its customer bases to avoid becoming dependent on the2corporation.Passage 2Years of research had educated me about how sugar, fat, and salt changethe brain. I understood some of the parallels between hyperpalatable foods and drugs of abuse, and about the links among sensory stimulation, cues, and memory. I'd met enough people like Claudia and Maria to understand how eventhe thought of food could cause them to lose control.But I wasn't fully prepared for the discoveries I made aboutirresistibility and whoosh, the Monster Thickburger and Baked! Cheetos Flamin' Hot, about indulgence and purple cows. Without necessarily understanding the underlying science, the food industry has discovered what sells.I was sitting at Chili's Grill & Bar in Chicago's O'Hare Airport waitingfor a late-night flight. At a nearby table a couple in their early forties was deep into a meal. The woman was overweight, with about 180 pounds on her five-foot-four-inch frame. The Southwestern Eggrolls she had ordered were listed as a starter course, but the enormous platter in front of her had been heapedwith food. The dish was described on the menu as \chicken, black beans, corn, jalape?o Jack cheese, red peppers, and spinach wrapped inside a crispy flour tortilla,\and it was served with a creamy avocado-ranch dipping sauce. Despite its name, the dish looked more like a burrito than an egg roll, an only-in-America fusion approach.I watched as the woman attacked her food with vigor and speed. She heldthe egg roll in one hand, dunked it into the sauce, and brought it to hermouth while using the fork in her other hand to scoop up more sauce. Occasionally she reached over and speared some of her companion's french fries. The woman ate steadily, working her way around the plate with scant pause for conversation or rest. When she finally paused, only a little lettuce was left.Had she known someone was watching her, I'm sure she would have eaten differently. Had she been asked to describe what she had just eaten, she probably would have substantially underestimated her consumption. And shewould probably have been surprised to learn what the ingredients in her meal really were.The woman might have been interested in how my industry source, who had called sugar, fat, and salt the three points of the compass, described her entree. Deep-frying the tortilla drives down its water content from 40 percentto about 5 percent and replaces the rest with fat. \is supposed to look, which is crispy and brown on the outside.\The food consultant read through other ingredients on the label, keeping up a running commentary as he did. \. People like smoky flavor ― it's the caveman in them.\\eating something healthy.\\off the chart.\3The hot peppers, he said, \He believed the chicken had been chopped and formed much like a meat loaf, with binders added, which makes those calories easy to swallow. Ingredients that hold moisture, including autolyzed yeast extract, sodium phosphate, and soy protein concentrate, further soften the food. I noticed that salt appeared eight times on the label and that sweeteners were there five times, in the form of corn-syrup solids, molasses, honey, brown sugar, and sugar.\\yes. All of this has been processed such that you can wolf it down fast...chopped up and made ultrapalatable.... Very appealing looking, very high pleasure in the food, very high caloric density. Rules out all that stuff you have to chew.\By eliminating the need to chew, modern food processing techniques allow us to eat faster. \it,\mouth.1. It can be inferred from the author's description of the woman eating in paragraph four that(A) The woman prefers to eat at Chili's vs. other restaurants. (B) The woman truly enjoys the foods that she chooses to eat.(C) The woman's efficiency at cleaning her plate adds to her dining experience. (D) The author is disgusted by the woman's consumption.(E) The author believes the woman should take a course in healthy eating.2. According to the passage, the main reason people overeat is(A) because salt and sweeteners, like corn-syrup solids and brown sugar, are added to the food.(B) because we don't have to chew our food very much (C) because people like smoky flavor(D) because sugar, fat and salt change the brain(E) because we are used to eating quickly in this modern society 3. The following are all ingredients in the egg rolls, EXCEPT(A) salt (B) binders (C) honey (D) spinach (E) dark meat chicken4. Which of the following statements best describes the main idea of the passage?(A) If you eat too much food too quickly, you'll gain weight and become unhealthy.(B) Because refined food is irresistible and easy to eat, it masks how unhealthy it is, leaving people unaware of the poor food choices they're making.(C) Chili's is one of the restaurants in the U.S. serving unhealthy food to consumers today. (D) Food consultants and authors are making Americans aware of their unhealthy eating habits, thus, creating healthier generations for years to come.(E) Refined foods, with salt, sugar, and fat hidden inside, are less nutritious and more damaging than whole foods.5. In the first sentence of paragraph four, the word \ (A) pleasure (B) flamboyance (C) lethargy (D) energy (E) craftiness4Passage 3No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given.The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earthwith rising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinkingcurrents under the continent. Theoretically， this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a （conveyer belt） and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge.This view may be correct： it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position ofthe continents.On the other hand， the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines， and it certainly does not occur long lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction， as the ridge is.It has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents.Such a backoupling， in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it， could produce complicated and varying motionsAlso it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate betweenthe Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean.This plate is growing on both sides， and since there is no intermediate trench， the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them.An alternative theory is that the sinking part of the plate， which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle， pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic， where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part.Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas， such as the Sea of apan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor， except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods.These seas have a typical oceanic floor， except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins.The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earth's surface and seriously require explanation because， in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs， there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin， such as the Gulf of Mexico， the Black Sea，and perhaps the North5感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
(试卷+答案)华中科技大学新生入学英语分级考试全真模拟
华中科技大学大学英语教学模式为了贯彻教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》，充分调动学生英语学习的主动性和潜在能力，进一步提高教学质量，在总结大学英语教学改革经验的基础上，我校2006级本科生大学英语将继续实施学分制分层次教学模式。
现将该模式的主要内容和要求描述、说明如下：教学模式描述说明1.三个层次的划分：本科新生(同济医学院本科生除外)在入学的第一周参加大学英语分级考试；见“华中科技大学大学英语分级考试大纲”。
本大纲可从华中科技大学外国语学院主页下载，网址为：/)。
根据分级考试成绩，大学外语系具体确定各层次学生名单。
2.教学目标：(1)层次一：学生通过两学年的基础英语学习，要求英语水平达到教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》规定的一般要求：(2)层次二：学生通过两学年的基础英语和中级英语学习，要求英语水平达到教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》规定的较高要求；(3)层次三：学生通过两学年的英语学习(其中第一、第二学期为基础英语，第三、四学期为高级英语，并课外自学基础英语教材)，要求英语水平达到教育部《大学英语课程教学要求》规定的更高要求。
3.课程设置:(1)基础英语：指传统的兼顾听、说、读、写、译等技能的通用大学英语课程。
基础英语课按学时数分为A(56学时)、B(32学时)和C(课外自学)三类：(2)中高级英语：指在基础阶段大学英语课中传授、培养专门语言知识或技能的课程，如：中、高级听说、英美影视、媒体视听、英美文化、西方企业文化、英美文学选读、时文赏析、进阶写作、应用文写作、科技翻译、商务英语等。
中级英语为层次二的学生开设：高级英语为层次三的学生开设。
4.考试科目、成绩报告，层次异动：第一、二学期三个层次的学生均每周学习四学时基础英语课程(层次二和层次三将适当补充教学内容)，期末参加基础英语考试，报告分数为基础英语成绩。
及格者，记3.5学分．层次一和层次二的学生，成绩特别优秀者下学期可以进入高层次学习；成绩不及格者须重修。
华中科技大学启明学院入学选拔考试真题版
舉屮脅授乳冷启明学院选拔考试复习指导适用于所有想要考入启明学院的亲注意事项：（所有历年的试题是保密的不外售，所以市面买的试卷都是假的，都是投机的“热心青年”的杰作，题目每年都会有改变。
本套试题是某一届师哥师姐根据回忆和后期加工制作的。
保证了权威性和真实性，并且出于公益绝不以盈利为目的希望各位亲尊重前人的劳动，不要用来挣小学弟学妹的money ）总论启明学院的优惠政策，包括保研率60%左右，每人一个导师的制度，还有就是实验室的优先使用权，奖学金的评定优势（加权高，名额多）等。
并且师资配备也是很好的。
淘汰机制：除执行学校本科生学籍管理规定外，凡出现以下情况之一者，应转出学院（一）学年学业评价不合格；（二）因各种原因受警告或警告以上处分；（三）因身体状况不能坚持继续学习；（四）自愿申请退出。
入学须知（同济部分）鉴于以往招生的各种事端总结，特此公示几个注意事项。
1•进入这个班不是所有的人都会出国，每年交换生名额有6个，原则是三届中德班竞争名额，但主要是大二和大三这两届中德班分享，合同两年签一次，有停止续约的可能。
不过一般会有合同的。
2•出国虽然不收学费，但是生活费还是要自己出的，大约7-10万人民币，小城市可能会少一些3. 这个班是本科六年制的。
4•在报考之前请确定自己会真心想加入这个班级，在这里解释一下，每年都会几个同学通过了笔试却放弃面试资格，这样自己可能无所谓，但是却占用了宝贵的面试名额，对那些真心想进入的同学是个不公平的恶性竞争。
5.相信不是每个报考中德班的临床专业的人都是想要出国吧，所以要仔细考虑如果不出国的话，能不能接受6年本科，毕竟其他专业的学生使用这个考试机会可以转专业，对于已经是临床专业学生的意义要权衡一下。
（主校区院系注意事项）同样是进这个班的意义问题，有人说好，保研率高，实验班，有人却在里面被埋没，明明很努力却连奖学金都拿不到。
选拔考试分笔试和面试。
考生报名后将会参加启明学院的统一笔试，笔试内容为高中所学知识（高考完不要松懈啊），并且英语不计入总分一般就是往年的英语四级题目加工！！！包括笔试数学，难度和高考相当，建议把各种基本知识复习一下，并且假期做一下湖北的数学高考卷。
Test of Spoken English (TSE)华中科技大学英语口语考试
T est of Spoken English (TSE)1. Enjou your feelingsIn our life,it can’t be ignored to meet with anger,sadness,happiness and so on.When we keep company with others,every action is a reflection of our feelings.As though there is a relationship between reason and emotion,who can promise to control them freely by themselves,especially in a dabate?For example ,in a debate,your partner disagrees with you in some views,and you are of confidence on what you insist on.Then a long discussion without any results will be easy to make you flare up.The multinational you are doing your field project at offers you a job at a good starting salary ,then you will be on top of the world .No matter what you are doing ,such ad walking,eating,talking,even sleeping ,you cann’t help to smile.So,just enjoy your feeling,either sorrow or happiness.Question:How will you do when you want to cry ,let it go or prevent it?If I were in that case,I would cry to my heart's content in a quiet place without anyone around.In my eye’s ,cry is just a way to release my inner emotion,not a representation of weakness or somethings else.There is no reason for me to prevent it.2. Beauty can be boughtNowadays ,we can buy manythings,including beauty.Beautiful clothes of big-name brand dress us fashionable,and expensive skin care products make us look more beautiful.What’s more ,pastic surgery can even improve one’s appearance greatly.There is no doubt that such treasures for beauty costs a lot of money.But what it matters for a girl or boy loving beauty? Not only the young ,bu also the adultso afford much for beauty,Beacause an employee with a beautiful appearance will be more competitive in the job market and be so faced（有面子）.If I had a lot of money ,I would pay more for something that will make my heart more beautiful.For example,I will do something polished（优雅的）,such as playing piano and golf for myself.For society,I will pick up much money to those in need.In my opinion,those with beautiful heart is the most beautiful,no matter how much money it costs.3. Watch out when nature strikes back.As we all know,there are many natural disasters taking place on the earth.Once occur ,they will cause lots of damage.Take the earthquake of Japan as an example.The road is destroyed.The buildings are falling down.Further more it may cause tasunami and a nuclear leakage accident.Because of these, tens of thousands of people lose their life and thousands of homeless people.For example ,Theren is an awful affair that a great earthquake hit Japan this year.What is worse,the earthquake led to a nuclear leakage accident which really destroyed the environment around.Even though we can’t prevent it from taking place,we can decrease the lose.Many unusual phonomenna will occur before the earthquake,.For example,lots of frogs will appear on the road,and dogs will bark unusually.From these,we can predict its coming . Although the disasters is terrible,it is no use to complain and be afraid when nature strikes back.What we need to do is to bravely face up with disasters.4. Is work just another four-letter word?It’s not far away for us to be fresh from our college .And we have to face up with the job market.What I want to say is the attitude to work: work isn’t just another four-letter word. Itmeans that work is action ,not a word.No matter whether we are diligent or efficient, manifesting（/'mænifest/ 表现出）an excellent ability to prioritize([prai'ɔritaiz] vt. 把…区分优先次序) and to work under pressure.,there is no doubt that we keep getting along well with our colleagues, demonstrating a good spirit of teamwork.And we should perform well to get promotion,take on some new responsibilities.Only do we really do something ,will we get something in the work.Arguments for “Live to Work”Some people live to work. They want to have a fulfilling profession.Work that is worth doing gives mental satisfaction to the doer, and brings social and personal esteem.One should always enjoy what one does even if the salary is low. It is our duty to contribute to society.Whatever one does is a creative experience, even cooking, sewing, and other “do it yourself” activities.We shouldn’t regard work merely as a money-making process. We should take a wider perspective on work.To work is a human need and a unique human characteristic.Only when we live to work do we live nobly.Arguments for “Work to Live”Some people work to live. Work is a means to an end. It is only a way to make money.People who works to live has a very strong sense of responsibility for his/her family and himself/herself as well.Work should not rule one’s life. As soon as one arrives home from work, one should forget about the office.For most people the major reason for working is that people need to keep themselves alive, to pay for somewhere to live, to pay for food and children education.Making money, not work itself, is gratifying and exciting. People’s lies are actually geared toward this because the amount of money one earns symbolizes his/her position in society.If people live to work, they will become work addicts. For them, work becomes an end in itself, a way to escape from their family, inner life, and society.Tips: proverbsAll work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.Many hands make light work.Too many cooks spoil the broth (soup).A bad workman always blames his tools.Make hay while the sun shines.Work makes the workman.Work has a bitter root but sweet fruit.A work ill done must be twice done.5. Distant pastures(['pɑ:stʃə] n. 牧场；牧草) are always greener.(这山望着那山高)Distant pastures are always greener than here.Maybe It tells us that something wecan’t get is the most precious.For us, this idiom is a perfect reflection on our envy of our neighbor, so to speak. It’s the self-pitying sentiment(态度) we often entertain, that jobs and station in life in general are imperfect, inadequate and intolerable while other people seem to have all the fun.Job-hunters, for exa mple are often described as looking for “greener grass”, or “greener pastures”.They are always worried the job doesn’t satisfy their ambition,and wish another job with more salary.Actually ,there isn’t wrong for anyone to follow the better,or search the preferable.What we need to do is to control the ambition,and enough is enough(适可而止).In a word, value what we have here and now,and we will live with each other in harmony.QUESTION:After finishing undergraduate studies, would you like to find a job or pursue a postgraduate degree?Some students prefer to look for a favorable job, through which they can gain useful experience that they cannot get from books. When they move on to a higher level job one day, then, they will already have experience in that field. At work, they can give full play to their practical abilities, and may be promoted to department manager by the time their classmates complete their Master’s degree programs.On the other hand, some students are not eager to take up a job and prefer to continue to study towards a Master’s degree or even a PhD. And we all know, knowledge is power. Although not everything you learn will be directly applicable at work, knowledge does improve your character overall. In the long run, those who acquire more knowledge will benefit from it.Tips:(Humor)One of the most tactful men I ever knew was the man who fired me from my first job. He called me in and said, “Son, I don’t know how we’re going to get along without you, but starting Monday, we’re going to try.”6. The truth can be stranger than fiction.The truth always incites(勾起) curiosity among us，and leaves suspended interest to us.There are many truths can be interesting.For example,Is it really bad luck ,how the Stonehenge was constructed,is there any relationship between superstitions(迷信) and real life,or whether ETs exist?Actually, many of those are still unanswered,due to the limit of technology.Tips: Two brothers were watching a horror film on video late one night. One brother dozed off and dreamed that he was being chased by the crazy man from the movie, who was trying to kill him. In the dream, he hid in a cupboard. There was no sound except his heart pounding, and he had no idea where his crazed captor was. He was terrified! At that moment, the video finished, and his brother put his hand on the shoulder of his sleeping sibling to wake him. The shock at that tense moment was enough that the sleeping brother suffered a massive heart attack and died instantly.。
英汉语言对比_华中科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年
英汉语言对比_华中科技大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.How are you Lennox? Good to see you ______ and about.参考答案:up2.英语的句子书面上以句号、问号或感叹号结尾，句子的界限非常清晰。
参考答案:正确3.古英语词汇在现代英语词汇中无足轻重。
参考答案:错误4.______进入英国，使得英语越来越规范。
参考答案:印刷术5.声母和韵母相同的字、词，其意义往往靠不同的______来区别。
参考答案:声调6.I cannot care less about the result of the interview. 该句的译文是______?参考答案:我一点也不在乎这次面试的结果。
7.汉语的被动式所表达的一般是不如意或不企望的事情参考答案:正确8.I'd do it with pleasure, only that I am too busy. 该句的译文是______?参考答案:我很高兴去做这件事，只是我太忙了做不了。
9.隐喻类似于传统意义上修辞学中的暗喻，指人们用一个具体的概念来理解另一个抽象概念的方式。
参考答案:正确10.英语的结构被动句要比汉语结构被动使用频率高得多。
参考答案:正确11.汉语中的婚姻表达比英语中包含更多的容器隐喻。
参考答案:正确12.“他最近情绪很低落。
"该句的译文是 He's been so ______ lately.参考答案:down13.“望子成龙”的译文是“to hope one's children will ______”。
参考答案:have a bright future14.“pull one's leg”的译文是______?参考答案:开玩笑15.“喜结连理，百年好合。
”该句中包含的婚姻隐喻是______？参考答案:婚姻是连接16.连动结构中所有动词与同一主语构成主谓关系。
2014华中科技大学博士一年级英语考试参考样体
Key to 09 Model TestI. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)2007 JCR Science EditionJournals from:subject categories MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNALSorted by:Impact FactorJournals 1 - 20 (of 100)[ 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 ]Page 1 of 5Ranking is based on your journal and sort selections.RankAbbreviated JournalTitle(linked to journal information)ISSNTotal CitesImpact FactorImmediacy IndexArticlesCited Half-life1 NEW ENGL J MED 0028-4793 186402 52.589 11.962 343 7.0 2 LANCET0140-6736 135949 28.6388.636 305 7.7 3 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC 0098-7484 103620 25.547 7.965 229 6.8 4 ANN INTERN MED 0003-4819 40783 15.516 4.056 162 8.6 5 ANNU REV MED 0066-4219 3829 13.415 2.879 33 6.1 6 PLOS MED 1549-12773725 12.6012.705 166 1.9 7 BRIT MED J 0959-8146 62151 9.723 6.210 210 8.2 8 ARCH INTERN MED 0003-9926 30282 8.391 1.734 278 7.2 9 CAN MED ASSOC J 0820-3946 8324 7.0673.053 94 6.4 10ANN MED0785-389031435.7790.593546.11. What is the option of this journal citation report?2007 JCR Science Edition2. What is the subject category?MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL3.How is the list sorted?By Impact Factor4.What is the Impact Factor of New England Journal of Medicine?52.5895.What is the full title of BRIT MED J?British Medical JournalII. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)Web of Science®ResultsSubject Heading=(LIFE SCIENCES BIOMEDICINE) AND Author=(WANG SY) AND Institution=(HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL)Timespan=All Years. Databases=IC, SCI-EXPANDED, CCR-EXPANDED [back to 1840], SSCI.1. Zhang ZH, Wang SY, Li Q, et al.Capillary leak syndrome in children with C4A-deficiency undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a double-blind, randomised controlled studyLANCET 366 (9485): 556-562 AUG 13 2005Times Cited:02. Zhang SH, Wang SY, Yao SLEvidence for development of capillary leak syndrome associated withcardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric patients with the homozygous C4A nullphenotypeANESTHESIOLOGY 100 (6): 1387-1393 JUN 2004Times Cited:43. Zhang SH, Wang SY, Yao SLAntioxidative effect of propofol during cardiopulmonary bypass in adultsACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA 25 (3): 334-340 MAR 2004Times Cited:46.What is the website you can use to find the SCI collection?Web of Science7.What is the subject heading?LIFE SCIENCES BIOMEDICINE8.Where is Wang SY from?HUAZHONG UNIV SCI TECHNOL9.How many articles of Wang SY are collected by SCI?310.How many times are his articles cited?8III. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 18, 15541-15549, May 2, 2003Induction of Prothrombinase fgl2 by the Nucleocapsid Protein of Virulent Mouse Hepatitis Virus Is Dependent on Host Hepatic Nuclear Factor-4Qin Ning, Sophia Lakatoo, Mingfeng Liu, Weiming Y ang, Zhimo Wang, M. James Phillips, and Gary A. LevyFibrinogen-like protein 2/fibroleukin (Fgl2) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both experimental and human fulminant hepatic failure. We have reported recently that the nucleocapsid(N) protein from strains of murine hepatitis virus (MHV-3, MHV-A59),which cause massive hepatocellular necrosis but not from strains(MHV-JHM, MHV-2) which do not produce serious liver disease, induces transcription of fgl2. The purpose of the present study was to characterize both viral and host factor(s) necessary for viral induced transcription of fgl2. Mutation of residues Gly-12, Pro-38,Asn-40, Gln-41, and Asn-42 within domain 1 of the N protein of MHV-A59 to their corresponding residues found in MHV-2 abrogated fgl2 transcription, whereas mutation of other N protein domains,including a protein expressed from an internal reading frame (I protein), did not affect fgl2 gene transcription. We then examined the 372 to 306 sequence within the 1.3-kb fgl2promoter region upstream from the transcription start site that was previously identified as necessary for N protein-induced gene transcription.We demonstrated that the 331/325 HNF4 cis-element and its cognate transcription factor, HNF4, are necessary for virus-induced fgl2gene transcription. In uninfected macrophages and macrophages infected with MHV-2, an unidentified protein occupies the HNF4cis-element. Following stimulation with MHV-A59, it was shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assay that HNF4binds the HNF4 cis-element in the fgl2promoter. We further report the unprecedented presence of HNF4in peritoneal macrophages. Collectively, the results of this study define both viral and host factors necessary for induction of fgl2prothrombinase gene transcription in MHV infection and may provide an explanation for the hepatotrophic nature of MHV-induced fulminant hepatic failure.11.How many parts can you divide the abstract into?4 each part?Background/PurposeMethodResultsConclusion13.Which sentence is the purpose of the study?The purpose of the present study was to characterize both viral and host factor(s) necessary for viral induced transcription of fgl2.14.Which sentence is the conclusion?Collectively, the results of this study define both viral and host factors necessary for induction of fgl2 prothrombinase gene transcription in MHV infection and may provide an explanation for the hepatotrophic nature of MHV-induced fulminant hepatic failure./The last sentenceIV. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005 Jul; 26 (7): 873–880Full-length articleRegulating expressions of cyclin D1, pRb, and anti-cancer effects of deguelin on human Burkitt’s lymphoma Daudi cells in vitro1Hong-li LIU, Yan CHEN2, Guo-hui CUI, Qiu-ling WU, Jing HEDepartment of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, ChinaIntroductionA large number of natural products have been evaluated as potential chemopreventive agents. Deguelin (Figure 1), a natural plant-derived rotenoid, most commonly used as an insecticide in Africa and South America, has been isolated from several plant species, including Mundulea sericea (Leguminosae). Its main active composition is rotenone, and it has very strong photodissociation[1]. The recent research has indicated that deguelin usually has a very strong antitumor function, and can suppress many kinds of tumors cell at nmol levels[1]. Notably, deguelin can suppress coloncancer cell HT-29 growth[2], inhibit the growth of precancerous and cancerous lung cells, and induce premalignant and malignant human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells apoptosis with no toxic effects on normal cells[3]. These recent experiments verified that deguelin could lead the cell cycle to block and induce apoptosis, however, its mechanism is not yet completely clear.Burkitt’s lymphoma (also called small noncleaved cell lymphoma) is a type of on-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, a cancer in the lymphatic system. Despite recent advances in radiotherapy,chemotherapy, and stem cell transplant, the severe morbidity from lymphoma has not been improved[4]. Much effort has been focused on the discovery and development of new chemopreventive agents, especially agents targeted at mechanisms known to be involved in the process of carcinogenesis. Therefore, we have sought to identify novel agents that can prevent lymphoma carcinogenesis effectively but with minimal toxicity.This study was designed to explore the mechanism of deguelin-induced apoptosis in Daudi cells. We studied deguelin on human Burkitt’s lymphoma Daudi cells in vitro and compared the cytotoxicities of deguelin on Daudi cells with human peripheral blood monocular cell (PBMC), and focused on the changes in the expression of cyclin D1 and phosphor-Rb, and analyzed its underlying mechanism.15.How many parts can you divide the introduction into?4 each part?BackgroundConclusionPurposeMethod17.Which sentence is the purpose of the study?This study was designed to explore the mechanism of deguelin-induced apoptosis in Daudi cells.18.Which sentence is the conclusion?Therefore, we have sought to identify novel agents that can prevent lymphoma carcinogenesis effectively but with minimal toxicity.V. Read the following and answer the questions. (20%)References and Notes1. State Council AIDS Working Committee Office, U.N. Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, A Joint Assessment of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Treatment and Care in China (Beijing, 2004).2. J. Watts, Lancet362, 1983 (2003).3. Ministry of Health of China, UNAIDS, and WHO, 2005 Update on the HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Response in China[Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 2006].4. M. J. Rotheram-Borus, P. A. Newman, M. A. Etzel, J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr.25 (suppl.2), S105 (2000).5. The Voluntary HIV-1 Counseling and Testing Efficacy Study Group, Lancet356, 103 (2000).6. S. Allen et al., AIDS17, 733 (2003).7. H. Amaro, A. C. Morrill, J. Dai, J. Health Psychol.10, 287(2005).8. M. E. Bentley et al., AIDS12, 1869 (1998).9. R. Fox, N. J. Odaka, R. Brookmeyer, B. R. Polk, AIDS1, 241 (1987).10. J. A. Inciardi, H. L. Surratt, S. P. Kurtz, J. C. Weaver, AIDS Care17 (suppl. 1), S88 (2005).11. R. R. Robles, T. D. Matos, H. M. Colon, C. A. Marrero, J. C. Reyes, Drugs Soc. (New York) 9,173 (1996).12. A. Erikson et al., Correspondent15, 24 (2006).13.T. Frieden et al., N. Engl. J. Med.353, 2397-2402 (2005).14. R. Bayer, N. Engl. J. Med.334, 1540 (1996).15. L. B. Leveton, H. C. Sox, M. A. Stoto, Eds. HIV and the Blood Supply: An Analysis of CrisisDecision-Making (Institute of Medicine, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 1995).16. Chinese Ministry of Health, U.N. Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, The ThirdConference on HIV/AIDS International Cooperation Projects in China, Kunming, 3 to 4 September 2005.17. UNAIDS-WHO, "Policy statement on HIV testing"(www.who.int/entity/rpc/research_ethics/hivtestingpolicy_en_pdf.pdf).18. Ministry of Health Expert Consultation Committee, "Report on HIV screening among keypopulations in Henan province" (Ministry of Health, Beijing, 2005).19. Ministry of Health Expert Consultation Committee, "Report on HIV screening among keypopulations in Yunnan Province" (Ministry of Health, Beijing, 2005).20. HIV-positive mothers are given the options of abortion or ART perinatally, cesarean delivery(where available), and free formula milk for 12 months.21. State Council Regulations on AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Articles 3, 10, 39, 41, 55, 56.22. The Infectious Diseases Control Act of the People's Republic of China, Articles 12, 16, 68, 69.We thank S. Korenman, Associate Dean for Ethics at the UCLA School of Medicine, for reviewing this manuscript, W. W. Cao for review of relevant publications, and W. Aft for editorial assistance.19.What kind of the reference source does the first reference belong to?Technical report20.What kind of the reference source does the second reference belong to?Journal21.What kind of the reference source does Reference 15 belong to?Book22.What kind of the reference source does Item 20 belong to?NoteVI. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)SCI Impact Factor 1.677Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Information For Authors GENERAL1 Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, published monthly in English, is the official journal of the ChinesePharmacological Society and Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica is listed in Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, CSA Medical Biotechnology, CSA Bioengineering, CSA Neuroscience, Current Contents/Life Sciences, Excerpta Medica, FSTA, Global Health, IndexCopernicus, Index Medicus, Kagaku Gijutsu Bunken Sokuho, MEDLINE, Рефератнвныйжурнап, Research Alert, Science Citation Index, SciSearch, Scopus, Tropical Diseases Bulletin, and many other abstracting and indexing services.Acta Pharmacologica Sinica welcomes current Original articles on all aspects of the life sciences and related areas, both experimental and clinical, from any part of the world. Reviews based primarily on authors?own research of internationally important topics are also welcome. Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication" as presented at /.2 Prior or duplicate publications are not accepted. All manuscripts, especially data, must not be published or submitted for publication elsewhere. English translations of published articles are not acceptable. The authors should make a full statement on submission about all submissions and previous reports that might be regarded as redundant or duplicate publications of the same or very similar work.The source of financial grants and other funding must be acknowledged, including a frank declaration of the authors' industrial links and affiliations. The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged.…23.What is the SCI Impact Factor of Acta Pharmacological Sinica?SCI Impact Factor 1.67724.What kinds of original article are welcomed by Acta Pharmacological Sinica?current Original articles on all aspects of the life sciences and related areas, both experimental and clinical, from any part of the world.25.What is the website presenting the "Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted toBiomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication"?/.26.Does Acta Pharmacological Sinica accept English translations of published articles?No27.What must be acknowledged if an article is accepted to be published in Acta PharmacologicalSinica?The source of financial grants and other funding must be acknowledged, including a frank declaration of the authors' industrial links and affiliations. The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged.VI. Read the following and answer the questions. (10%)United StatesNational Library of MedicineNational Institutes of HealthGrants and Funding: Extramural ProgramsResearch Project Grants (NIH Parent R01) (PA 07-070)/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-07-070.htmlPurposeSupport for rigorous scientific research in biomedical informatics andbioinformatics. Investigators applying through this NIH Parent R01announcement should include a cover letter requesting assignment toNLM. The NIH parent announcement does not contain information about NLM's research grant priorities and scope of interest. For NLM-specific guidance, see NLM Express Research Grants in Biomedical Informatics and Bioinformatics (R01) (PAR 08-080).This program expires January 8, 2010 unless reissued. Only electronic applications are accepted.NLM ContactsClinical and Public Health Informatics: Dr. Hua-Chuan Sim,simh@Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: Dr. Jane Ye, yej@ DeadlinesDeadlines for New Applications: February 5, June 5 and October 5 each yearDeadlines for Revised Applications: March 5, July 5 and November 5 each yearFull listing of deadlines for competing applications:/ep/Deadlines.htmlLast reviewed: 28 February 2008Last updated: 28 February 2008First published: 05 February 200828.What is this webpage about?Research Project Grants (NIH Parent R01) (PA 07-070)29.What is the purpose of this grant?Support for rigorous scientific research in biomedical informatics and bioinformatics.30.When will this program expire?January 8, 2010 unless reissued31.If you are a potential applicant, who will you contact about the suitability of a project forfunding by NLM?Dr. Hua-Chuan Sim or Dr. Jane Ye32.How many deadlines are there for New Applications each year?3。
历年湖北省华中科技大学英语考博真题
以下是[⽆忧★考]为⼤家整理的《历年湖北省华中科技⼤学英语考博真题》的⽂章，供⼤家参考阅读！ 华中科技⼤学 2010年招收博⼠研究⽣⼊学考试试题 考试科⽬：英语 适合专业：各专业 Part I Cloze (0.5x20=10%) Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank inthe passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the .United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 1 en event takes place, newspapers are on the street 2 the details. 3 anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic 4 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 5 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 6 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 7 , this competitionmerely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 8 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 9 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to 10 out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news, today's newspapers entertain and influence readers about politics and other important and serious 11 Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 12 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 13 Newspapers are sold at a price that 14 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 15 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 16 in selling advertising depends newspaper's value to advertisers. This 17 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 18 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 19 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 20 the community, city, county, state, nation and world……and even outer space. 1. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D, Before 2. A. to give B. giving C. given D. being given 3. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. However D. Whichever 4. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose 5. A. make B. publish C. know D. write 6. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other 7. A. HoweverB. AndC. ThereforeD. So 8. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed 9. A. spread B. passed C. printed D. completed10. A. provoke B. jump C. step D. branch 11. A. matters B. affairs C. things D. events 12. A. on B. through C. with D. of 13. A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose 14. A. tries to cover B. manages to cover C. fails to cover D. succeeds in 15. A. source B. origin C.course D. finance 16. A. way B. means C. chance D. success 17. A. measures B. measured C. is measured D. was measured 18. A. somewhat B. little C. much D. something 19. A. offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered 20. A. by B. with C. at D. about Part II Reading comprehension (20x2=40%) Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Passage One Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment and observation over that of reason, intuition, and convention. Bacon thought that as more and more reliable and precise particular facts, accumulate, they can be classified and generalized, resulting in an ever-expanding hierarchy of useful “axioms”. This is what he meant by" induction". Although many people today continue to regard the collection of facts and their arrangement by induction into theories as the heart of scientific method, Bacon's conception of what facts and theories are and of the relationship between them was hopelessly unrealistic even in his own time. The most important early scientific discoveries …… such as those made by Galileo about the movement of the earth, by Keppler about the elliptical shape of planetary orbits, and later by Newton about the" force" of gravity …… could never have been made if Bacon's rules had prevailed. Determined to avoid all premature speculations, Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or another. Plain facts, properly arranged, would automatically lead to certain knowledge of the universe. Nothing could be more misrepresentative of the actual problem-solving techniques of the scientific method. That plain facts do not speak for themselves is evident from Bacon's own acceptance of the errors contained in what appeared to be the most "obvious" of facts. For Bacon, that the earth did not move was a fact because it could be seen not to move; and for Bacon it was a-fact that life was being spontaneously generated because maggots always developed in putrid flesh and frogs appeared after every rain. What is clear is that the great breakthroughs of Newton, Darwin, or Marx could never have been achieved solely on the basis of Baconian fact gathering. Facts are always unreliable without theories which guide their collection and which distinguish between superficial and significant appearances. 21. According to Bacon, facts 。
华中科技大学网络教育入学考试专科公共英语模拟题
网络教育入学考试模拟题—专科公共英语考试时间：120分钟答题须知：答案必须写在答题卡上，否则按零分处理。
本试卷共两节，共60个小题，其中第一节有40个小题，第二节有20个小题。
全卷满分100分，考试用时120分钟。
一、单选（共40题,共60分）1.The______developed countries are having faster population increase than those______ developed ones.A.most;leastB.less;moreC.more;lessD.little;much2.There will not be enough space for us_______.A.standingB.to standC.to stand inD.standing in3.Which is______country,France or Germany?A.a more developingB.the more developedC.a less developedD.the less developing4.It’s_______.Kate will be______very soon.A.serious nothing;wellB.nothing serious;fineB.serious something;all right D.something serious;good5.As we know,Germany_______people than France.A.there are smallerB.there is lessC.has largerD.has got more6.________of this term two more students_______our class.A.At the beginning;joinedB.At the beginning;joined inC.On the beginning;came toD.On the first day;entered into7.We all know that winter clothes are sold_______prices in summer.A.at lowerB.in higherC.at cheaperD.in dearer8.We’ve sold______the shoes______your size.A.at;onB.for;atC.out;inD.on;for9.When I saw her,she was busy_______the internet for the information for the Canon digital camera.A.searchingB.with searchingC.with searching onD.searching for10.This shirt is a little small for me.Would you please show me________size.A.the largerB.a longerC.the widerD.a bigger11.I don’t think the pair of leather tennis shoes______you.A.are fitB.fitC.are fit forD.fit for12.He’d like to buy the______suit on the shelf.A.dark blueB.heavy blueC.brightly blueD.high blue13.-Did the doctor ask you any questions?-He asked me_______.A.how I liked thatB.how long I had liked thatC.how long I had been like thatD.how serious was my pain14.-Every time the little boy see doctors,he can’t______crying.-It won’t______long.A.stop;keepB.begin;helpC.help;lastD.help;do15.I can’t decide which one______.A.choiceB.to chooseC.for choosingD.chosen16.This is your new suit,please______.A.put it onB.put onC.try onD.try on it17.The pair of shoes___________fit the girl well.A.maybeB.may beC.mayD.perhaps are18._______Edmund and Tenzing_______thought to be the first men to reach the summit.A.It was;that wereB.They were;who wereC.For;it wasD.Both;had19.The______developed countries are having faster population increase than those______ developed ones.A.most;leastB.less;moreC.more;lessD.little;much20.There will not be enough space for us_______.A.standingB.to standC.to stand inD.standing in21.You made several________mistakes in the exam.Three of them were________mistakes.A.writing;spellingB.written;spellingC.writing;speltD.written;spelt22.The reason why English has changed that much is hard________.A.to explainB.to be explainedC.to explain itD.explained23.The_______could still speak_______native language well after they stayed in foreign countries many yearsA.Germen;their ownB.Germans;their ownC.Germans;themselves’D.Germen;themselves’24.The population of the villages_______fast.A.is increasedB.are increasingC.is gotD.are getting25.I’d like to go shopping with you,__________I’m too busy today.A.soB.andC.butD.or26.It isn’t_______watch.I________mine at home.A.my;leftB.me;forgotC.I;remainedD.myself;took27The new term is coming.The students are busy__________the classrooms.A.cleanB.cleansC.to cleanD.cleaning28.Gina was born_______1999.She is________to go to school.A.to;enough oldB.on;enough oldC.at;old enoughD.in;old enough29.-How was your weekend?-Great!We________a picnic by the lake.A.haveB.are havingC.hadD.will have30.I’m different from my twin sister.I love dancing,________she is interested in reading.A.soB.orC.butD.and31.There is_________apple tree and two pear trees in my garden.They’re over10years old.A.theB.someC.anD.不填32.Do you remember_____________?A.where did you buy the dictionaryB.where you bought the dictionaryC.where do you buy the dictionaryD.where you buy the dictionary33.Yao Ming is a great basketball player.We are proud__________him.A.ofB.toC.forD.at34.On_______sides of the street are a lot of colourful flowers.A.eachB.bothC.eitherD.all35.He missed the train this morning_________he got up late.A.orB.ifC.butD.because36.She told us a story.Her voice sounded___________.A.sweetB.smallC.clearlyD.sadly37.Leaves are found on all kinds of trees,but they differ greatly________size and shape.A.onB.fromC.byD.in38.The mayor has offered a reward of$5000to______who can capture the tiger alive or dead.A.bothB.othersC.anyoneD.another39.Alan is a good driver,but he drives______of my friends.A.the most carefullyB.the least carefullyC.less carefullyD.more carefully40.The traditional view is______we sleep because our brain is“programmed”to make us do so.A.whenB.whyC.whetherD.that二、阅读理解（共20题,共40分）阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项1.Christie could never forget the night she met a robber on a night many years ago.That evening,she was invited to a birthday party which lasted until2o’clock in the morning.She walked home alone along the quiet street.Suddenly from the shadow of a dark building,a tall man with a sharp knife in his right hand ran out at her,“Good morning,lady,”the man said in a cool voice,“I don’t think you wish to die here.”“What do you want?”she asked.“Your earrings.Take them off!”the robber said.Christie tried to cover her necklace with the collar of her overcoat while she used the other hand to take off both of her earrings,and them she quickly threw them on the ground.“Take them and let me go,”she said.The robber looked at her feeling uncertain.He saw the girl didn’t care for the earrings at all,only trying to protect the necklace.He realized the necklace would cost much more.So he said,“Give me your necklace.”With shaky hands,Christie took off her necklace.As soon as the robber disappear,she picked up her earrings and ran home as fast as she could.The earring cost480pounds and the necklace the robber had taken cost only6pounds.(1)Christie never forgot that night because________.A.she was robbed of her necklaceB.she had a good time at the party held that nightC.she held a birthday party for herself successfullyD.she was fooled by the robber that night(2)The party_________.A.didn’t end at2a.m.B.ended before2a.m.sted2hoursD.was over at2a.m.(3)She tried to protect the necklace because________.A.it was more expensiveB.she wanted to mislead and fool the robberC.she liked it better than her earringsD.it was her birthday present from her friends(4)As a result,__________.A.the robber was scared and ran awayB.the robber picked up the earrings and ran awayC.the robber took her necklace away against the lawD.her friend came and helped her catch the robber(5)The earrings were worth_________.A.as much as the necklaceB.more than the necklaceC.less than the necklaceD.nothing at all2.Mrs.White was reading a newspaper story to her class.It was a story about the children in Children’s Hospital.The story said:Were you ever in a hospital when you were small?How did you feel?Doctors at Children’s Hospital are asking for money for children’s toys.Some sick children at the hospital must stay in bed for many weeks.Toys are needed to keep these children happy and quiet.Money for them can be sent to the hospital.After Mrs.White read the story,she said,“This story gave me an idea.”“I know,”said one of the boys in the class,“you want us to bring some money for the toys.”“Well,that would be nice,”Mrs.White said,“But most third grade children don’t have much money.I had another idea.”“I know,”said a girl.“We could bring some of our own toys for the children in the hospital.”“That would be nice,too.”said Mrs.White,“But that still wasn’t what I was thinking.”“I know,”said a boy,“We could make some toys.”Mrs.White smiled.“Do you think you could make toys?”she asked.“Yes,yes.”The whole class answered.“Great,let’s begin to make toys tomorrow.”Said Mrs.White.(1)The story in the newspaper is about_______.A.Mrs.WhiteB.Children’s HospitalC.the children in hospitalD.Mrs.White’s class(2)The word“sick”means_______.A.noisyB.strangeC.illD.worried(3)What Mrs.White was thinking is that children in her class should_______.A.hand in their pocket moneyB.bring their own toys form homeC.go to the hospitalD.make some toys themselves(4)What Children’s Hospital wanted to get for the children in hospital is_______.A.toys made only by studentsB.students’own toysC.students’money for everyday useD.money for toys(5)In class,Mrs.White taught her students how to_______.A.make toys for moneyB.save money for their hospital careC.do things by themselvesD.write a story for a newspaper3It was the old lady’s birthday.She got up early to be ready for the post.From her second floor window she could see the postman when he came.Today she was sure there would be something.Myra wouldn’t forget her mother’s birthday, even if she seldom wrote at other times.Of course Myra was busy.Her husband had been made Mayor（市长）,and Myra herself had got a medal for her work for the old.In the past two years, she had come to see her three times,but her husband had never come.She was proud of her daughter.The old lady was eighty today.She had put on her best dress.Perhaps–perhaps Myra might come.After all,eighty was a special birthday.Even if Myra did not come,she would send a present.The old lady was sure of that.She was excited—like a child.she would enjoy her day.She stood by the window,watching.All of s sudden,she saw the postman turning round the corner on his bike.Her heart beat fast.He gave her four envelopes.Three were unsealed cards from old friends,and the fourth was sealed（封）,in Myra’s writing.The old lady felt disappointed.She opened the envelope and found a card and a piece of paper in it.written on the card was a message under the printed（铅印）Happy Birthday–Buy yourself something nice with the cheque,Myra and Harold.The cheque dropped to the floor.Slowly the old lady bent down to pick it up.“My present, my lovely present.”Having said these words,the old lady tore the cheque with trembling fingers （颤抖的手指）into small pieces.(1)The old lady was proud of Myra because Myra_______.A.always cared about herB.worked for old people successfullyC.had been made MayorD.came to see her very often(2)The old lady was sure that________on that day.A.she would get some cards from her friendsB.her daughter would come and see her with her husbandC.the post man would come for her as early as usual.D.she would receive a present from her daughter at least.(3)Which of the following is NOT true?A.Myra seldom wrote to her mother.B.Myra had visited her mother a few times in the past few yearsC.Myra didn’t telephone her mother on her birthday.D.Myra really cared about old people,and her mother,of course.(4)The old lady tore the cheque into pieces because________.A.she was much hurtB.she preferred to have ready moneyC.there was little money in itD.the cheque was a false one(5)The passage shows_______.A.the way old people celebrated their birthdaysB.the necessity of celebrating a special birthdayC.some dark points about the life of western familiesD.the importance of post offices4“When I was your age,”said the old man.“I got only$30a week.Life was much harder then.I had to get up at six and get to the factory by seven.We worked ten hours a day for six days a week and didn’t get any holidays.A lot of other comrades had no work at all.So slow and lazy workers were told to get out.At one place,I didn’t get along with the boss.I lost my job and it was several months before I got another one.Then the world war happened suddenly.Of course,I joined up.I was lucky and came out of the war without getting hurt.When I got back home after the war,a lot of us went around looking for jobs,but there were too many of us and not enough jobs.Things got worse and worse.I was getting near thirty and wanted to find a wife,but I didn’t have enough money.I was finally able to get a wife and build up my own family when I was already35.”(1)he writer thinks_______.A.life today is as hard as that many years agoB.there’s more happiness in today’s life than the life many years agoC.life today is harder than that many years agoD.there is no difference between the life today and many years ago(2)Slow or lazy workers were told to leave because_______.A.they didn’t want to work thereB.there were better jobs for them to chooseC.the boss could find better workers insteadD.the World War happened suddenly(3)The writer got a wife_______.A.as soon as the World War endedB.before he joined the armyC.when he had the idea of building a family of his ownD.several years after he saved enough money(4)The writer thought he was lucky_______.A.to become a soldier in the World WarB.not to get hurt in the fightsC.not to be chosen to be a soldier for the warD.to join the army without fighting(5)It is true that_______.A.people today work more hours a day than beforeB.people need to get up earlier for workC.today it’s much easier to find a job than beforeD.people should be paid more for what they do.。
华科英语面试试题及答案
华科英语面试试题及答案一、自我介绍1. 请用英语简单介绍一下自己。
答案：My name is [Your Name], and I am from [Your Hometown].I graduated from [Your University] with a degree in [Your Major]. I am passionate about [Your Interests] and have experience in [Your Relevant Experience].二、专业问题1. 请谈谈您对[Your Major]的理解。
答案：[Your Major] is a field that focuses on [Brief Description of the Major]. It involves [Key Concepts or Skills]. I believe it is important because [Reasons].2. 您在[Your Major]领域有哪些实践经验？答案：I have had the opportunity to work on [Projects or Internships] in the field of [Your Major]. During these experiences, I learned [Skills or Knowledge] that I believeare valuable for my future career.三、情景模拟1. 如果您被录用，您将如何快速适应新环境？答案：To quickly adapt to a new environment, I would [Strategies for Adaptation]. I would also [Additional Actions] to ensure a smooth transition.2. 描述一下您解决过的一个复杂问题。
华中科技大学网络教育考试答案《大学英语》本科
一、交际英语1.- what will the weather be like tomorrow?- _________a.i don't like the weather at this time of the year.b.i don't know if it is going to rain tomorrow.c.why don't you read the newspaper yourself?d.let's listen to the weather report on the radio at ten.2.good morning, john. how are you doing?-- _________a.i'm pleased.b.good night.c.not so bad. ａnd you?d.how do you do?3.what's the matter, john?-- _________a.i failed my french test.b.it doesn't matter.c.nothing's wrong with him.d.i don't think i can.4.is that seat taken?-- _________a.please don't worry.b.i don't think so.c.why not?d.it's very nice.5.- what's wrong with you, dear?-- _________a.i didn't go to school.b.i have a terrible headache.c.i took the kids shopping today.d.it is a beautiful dress.二、阅读理解mr. tom forester lived by himself a long way ｆrom town. he hardly ever left his home, but one day he went into town to buy some things in the market. after he had bought them, he went into a restaurant ａnd sat down at a table by himself. when he looked around, he saw several old people put glasses on before reading their newspapers, so after lunch he decided to go to a shop to buy himself some glasses too. he walked along the road, ａnd soon found a shop.the man in the shop made him try on a lot of glasses, but tom always said, "no, i can't read with these."the man became more ａnd more puzzled（迷惑不解）, until finally he said, "excuse me, but can you read at all?""no, of course i can't!" tom said angrily. "if i was already able to read, do you think i would have come here to buy glasses?"6.mr forester lived ______.a. with his family in a cityb. with his family in the countrysidec. alone in a cityd. alone in the countryside7.tom ______ went into town.a. oftenb. alwaysc. almost neverd. everyday8.the old people in the restaurant read their newspapers ______.a. with glasses onb. with glasses offc. with glasses of beer in front of themd. with glass pipes in their mouths9.the shop tom went into sold ______.a. drinking glasses ａnd cupsb. glass for windows ａnd doorsc. glasses for people who could not readd. glasses for people who could not see well10.what kind of mistake did tom make?a. he went to the wrong kind of shop.b. he didn't try on all the glasses in the shop.c. he thought that a person who had not learned to read would be able to do so if he wore glasses.d. he left his money in the restaurant.三、词汇与语法11.it is not serious illness, i guess she will _________ soon.a.removeb.recoverc.replaced.reduce12.the father advised her to avoid the mistake made by many couples of marrying for the wrong reasons ________ he found the young man charming ａnd intelligent.a.as thoughb.even thoughc.because ofd.due to13.his salary as a driver is much higher than ________.a.a porterb.is a porterc.as a porterd.that of a porter14.the young lady coming over to us _____ our english teacher; the way she walks tells us that!a.must beb.can bec.would bed.could be15.we worked hard ａnd completed the task _____.a.in the timeb.on the timec.ahead of timed.before time四、完型填空cars are very popular in america. when the kids are fourteen years old. they dream of having their own ___16___. many students work after school to buy a car. in most places young people learn to drive in high school. they have to take a ___17___ test to get a licence. learning to drive ａnd getting a driver's ___18___ may be one of the most exciting things in their lives. for many, that piece of paper is an important symbol that they are now grown-ups.americans seem to love their cars almost more than anything else. people almost never go to see a doctor when they are ___19___. but they will take their cars to a “hospital”at the smallest sign of a problem. at weekends, people spend most of the time in washing ａnd waxing their cars. for some families it is not enough to have ___20___ car. they often have two ｏr even three.husbａnds need a car to go to work. housewives need a car to go shopping ｏr to take the children to school ｏr other activities.16. a. driving b. sick c. cars d. one e. licence17. a. driving b. sick c. cars d. one e. licence18. a. driving b. sick c. cars d. one e. licence19. a. driving b. sick c. cars d. one e. licence20 . a. driving b. sick c. cars d. one e. licence此答案仅供参考一、交际英语1-5dcabb三、词汇与语法6-10dcadc三、词汇与语法11-15bbdac四、完型填空16-20caebd。
华科大 09 级第 III 学期大学英语口语考试试题及参考答案
华科大华科大09 级第级第III 学期大学英语口语考试试题1. A and B are a couple. You plan to buy a house, but find that you can’t agree on anything.2. A and B are diplomats from different countries. You meet ata conference and exchange views about dealing with global population pressure/developing warning systems of natural disasters/promoting international cultural exchanges.3. A and B are both graduates. You meet on the campus and complain about discrimination you have experienced in applying for jobs.4. A and B are starting a kungfu training center/a restaurant/an animal clinic/a computer company. Talk about the prospect of your business, make promises, and remind each other of the things you should bear in mind.5. A and B are telling stories of great people in arts/sports/science. The story teller tries to impress the listener who expresses surprise and interest.6. A is a visitor to the United Kingdom/United States India, while B is a native citizen.A asksB about laws/dating customs/religion there, and shows belief and doubt about B’s answer.7. A is a customer and B a salesperson of a home-cleaning robot/a mini book scanner.B tries to assure A who is concerned about its possibility of breakdown and other problems.8. A is a new resident while B is a local police officer. A consults B for security tips.9. A and B are talking about whether holidays are a good time to express gratitude and which holidays are the most appropriate.10. A and B are having a debate about cloning.11.A and B are discussing whether it is proper for parents to indulge their children with many gifts.12. A and B are giving each other tips about how to improve health and their life.13.A and B are discussing whether they should be taking somany tests and try to find the better way to learn.教师在本学期最后一周的两次课随堂实施口试。
华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题
目录2005年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题 (2)2005年秋季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题 (8)2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题(1) (15)2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题(2) (21)2005年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题参考答案 (28)2005年秋季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题参考答案 (29)2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题参考答案(1) (30)2006年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题参考答案(2) (31)2005年春季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题Cloze (1x10=10%)Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Some kids have a hard time 1 to the new freedom that they acquire when they leave high school and come to college. Here you are able to choose 2 or not you want to go to class. However, this responsibility comes with a great price. If you do not go to class, you may miss an important lecture and these are very critical when it comes time for the test that is fifty percent of your grade. With this responsibility I have learned how to manage my time more 3 . 4 hating every minute of school, I value it 5 a time for me to prepare for the big test. This new schedule has also changed me in that now I 6 school is worth my time. I do not dread going to class. Yes, it is boring some of the time but since I only have two to four classes a day for only four days out of the week, it is not as 7__ as high school. Also many of my courses require more in depth thinking. As an alternative to doing worksheets and 8 simple questions, college courses call 9 _ analysis and thought. Almost all of my homework now is writing papers and reading books. These to this routine, I have been able to investigate and recognize meaning more 10 and it has helped me in my thought process.1. A) content B) to adopt C) finding D) adjusting2. A) where B) when C) whether D) if3. A) effective B) efficiently C) effort D) affect4. A) Instead of B) Rather than C) Instead D) Other than5. A) for B) upon C) as D) with6. A) should like B) feel like C) look like D) would like7. A) unpleasant B) pleasant C) enjoyable D) misfortune8. A) answered B) answer C) answering D) to answer9. A) in B) for C) up D) about10. A) likely B) prepared C) ready D) readilyII. Reading comprehension (20x2=40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage 1Extremely refined behaviour, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behaviour in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Provence, in France.Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castles from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on an a inferior form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today.In Renaissance Italy too, in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behaviour of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name.Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of harming or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest. You can easily think of dozens of examples of customs and habits in your own daily life which come under this heading.Etiquette cultivated as an art of gracious living ______.has been typical of rich and leisured societiesadvocates that women are the same as menbegan in nineteenth-century Provencelooks down on extremely refined behaviourThe ideals of chivalry demanded that ______.a knight should never have physical relationships with womena knight should inspire his lady to valiant deedsa knight should dedicate his valiant deeds to a womanromantic people should influence literatureThe rules of etiquette in Renaissance Italy ______.were chiefly concerned with the correct use of one's sword or handkerchiefwere practiced by the majority of societydid not apply to a large section of societywere fairly simple to followThe average working man in fifteenth-century Italy ______.spent all his life outdoorsspent all his life in his own poor huthad better social manners than workers todaywas unlikely to have possessed a swordConsideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of giving unnecessary offence to others are ______.the essential basis of all systems of good mannersnot a universal feature of etiquettetaught to the lower classes by the upper classesoften neglected by polite societyPassage 2One day Mr Kerry was walking along the Strand in London, killing time, when his eye was caught by an enormous picture displayed upon the wall of a house. It represented a human figure covered with long, dark hair, with huge nails upon his hands and a most fearful expression. On coming nearer, he heard a man call out "Walk in, ladies and gentlemen, the most wonderful curiosity ever exhibited --only five pence the wild man from Africa -- he eats raw food, and many other pleasing and surprising performances." Mr kerry paid his money and was admitted. At first the crowd prevented his seeing anything, for the place was full to suffocation (窒息), and the noise awful. At last, Mr Kerry obtained, by means of squeezing and pushing, a place in the front, when to his horror, he saw a figure that was far worse than the portrait outside.It was a man, nearly naked, covered with long, shaggy hair, that grew even over his nose and cheekbones. He sprang about, sometimes on his feet, sometimes on all-fours, but always uttering the most fearful yells, and glaring upon the crowd in a manner that was really dangerous. Mr Kerry did not feel exactly happy at the whole proceeding, and began heartily to wish himself outside. Suddenly, the savage gave a more frightening scream than before and seized a piece of raw beef which a keeper extended to him on a long fork. This he tore to pieces eagerly, and ate in the most voracious (贪婪的) manner, among great clapping of hands and other evidence of satisfaction from the audience. "I'll go now," thought Mr Kerry, "for who knows whether, in his hungry moods, he might not fancy finishing his dinner with me." Just at this instant, some sounds struck his ear that surprised him.He listened more attentively and, to his amazement, found that among the most fearful cries and wild yells, the savage was talking Irish. Now, Mr Kerry had never heard of an African Irishman so he listened very closely, and by degrees, not only the words were known to him, but the very voice was familiar, so turning to the savage, he addressed him in Irish, at the same time fixing him with a severe look."Who are you " said Mr Kerry."Billy McCabe, sir.""And what do you mean by playing your tricks here, instead of earning your living like an honest man ""Well," said Billy, "I'm earning the rent to pay you. One must do many strange things to pay the kind of rent you charge."Mr Kerry was walking along the Strand because ______.he had nothing else to dohe was late for an appointmenthe was looking for something to dohe was reluctant to go homeInside the house, at first, Mr Kerry ______.was nearly suffocatedcould see nothingwas pushed aboutcouldn't hear anythingThe wild man gave the impression of being dangerous by ______.the way he movedthe way he dressedthe looks he gavethe cries he madeMr Kerry decided to leave the house because ______.he flt extremely frightenedhe was worried what might happenhe didn't wish to eat with the savagehe feared he might have a heart attackThe wild man surprised Mr Kerry by speaking Irish since ______.he was on show in Londonhe was a primitive savagehe previously spoke gibberishhe was thought to be AfricanPassage 3Having reached the highest point of our route according to plan, we discovered something the map had not told us. It was impossible to climb down into the Kingo valley. The river lay deep between mountain sides that were almost vertical. We couldn't find any animal tracks, which usually show the best way across country, and the slopes were covered so thickly with bushes that we could not see the nature of the ground. We had somehow to break through to the river which would give us our direction out of the mountains into the inhabited lowlands.Our guide cut a narrow path through the bushes with his long knife and we followed in single file. Progress was slow. Then, when we thought we had really reached the river, we found ourselves instead on the edge of a cliff with a straight drop of 1000 feet to the water below. We climbed back up the slope and began to look for another way down. We climbed, slipped, sweated and scratched our hands to pieces and finally arrived at the river. Happily we strode downhill along its bank without having to cut our way. However, after a few miles theriver entered a steep-sided gap between rocks and suddenly dropped thirty-five feet over a waterfall. There was no path alongside it and no way round it.Then one of the guides saw a way of overcoming the difficulty. There was a fallen tree lying upside down over the waterfall with its leafy top resting on the opposite bank below the falls. Without hesitation he climbed down the slippery trunk to show us how easy it was. Having got to the fork of the tree, he moved hand over hand along a branch for four or five feet with his legs hanging in space, then he dropped onto the flat bank on the other side, throwing his arms in the air like a footballer who has scored a goal, and cheerfully waving us on.Having reached the highest point on their route, the travelers expected to be able to ______.A. track animals to the riverB. put away the maps they had been usingC. approach the river from different directionD. get down to the river without much difficulty22.The travelers wanted to get to the river because ______.A. it would lead them to the waterfallB. it would show them which way to goC. it was the only possible route out of the mountainsD. it was a quicker route than going over the mountains23. One reason why the travelers took so long to get to the river was that ______.A. it was too hot to move quicklyB. there was no proper pathC. they all tried to go in different waysD. they could not follow the animal tracks24. The travelers were happy when they reached the river because ______.A. they had a sense of achievementB. the going was much easier thenC. they were eager to see the waterfallD. they knew they were near their destination25. To get past the waterfall the guide had to ______.A. use a fallen tree as a kind of bridgeB. cross the river above the waterfallC. slide down a steep river bankD. swing across the river from a high branchPassage 4Will you be watching 'Horizon' on Monday evening, or is that when you're down at the local HILARY MACASKILL suggests here that tuning in may be advisable.This week's Horizon: How Much Can You Drink Addresses itself to the practical issue of the dividing line between harmless normal drinking and the "serious drinking problem" that troubles an estimated 700 000 people in this country. Too much drinking can have terrible effects on health: in the next 12 months 10 000 people may die prematurely from the effects of drink. Advertisements can no longer characterize alcohol as beneficial. Guinness is not now projected as "good for you". Nevertheless, social drinkers cling hopefully to that scrap of half-remembered research that suggests that a little drink is good for you.Well, perhaps it is. Darts (a game) players can draw comfort from the evidence in the programme that hand shaking lessens after a few drinks. Though it must be added that next day's hand shaking was greater than normal. Moderate drinking, because of the effect of alcohol on the blood, may give some protection against heart disease.But people's bodies vary hugely in their reactions to alcohol. The less fortunate drinkers may get cirrhosis (a kind of disease) of the liver after a far smaller alcohol amount than another drinker.So how much can you drink The answer, if you are a woman, is less that a man. The reason is not another example of rough discrimination but that women, unfair though it may be, are more at risk from alcohol. Doctors recommend a daily limit of six units for a man, four units for a woman.That limit is the aim of those who attend Drink Watchers, formed 18 months ago, which works on similar lines to Weight Watchers. After an initial screening to ensure that they aren't physically damaged by alcohol, Drink Watchers meet weekly to analyze ant discuss the daily records they keep of their drinks. "The aim is to provide a social base as much as anything," says National co-ordinator Geraldine Wilson. "We replace the pub life with a different social life."Enjoying sensible drinking is the goal of Drink Watchers and Geraldine has some useful tips to help people stick to the limit: "Make the first drink a soft one to quench the thirst. Alternate alcohol with mineral water. Put the glass on the table between sips. Distance the glass so you have to make a conscious effort to reach it. Make one drink last 40 minutes. Most important, plan how much to drink in an evening, count the drinks and then stop."26. Based on what do you think this article is writtenA. A magazineB. A newspaperC. A medical journal.D. A TV program.27. Can alcohol ever be good for youA. Yes, in moderate amount.B. No, even in moderate amount.C. Maybe, in moderate amount.D. Never, even in moderate amount.28. How can Drink Watchers help youA. By checking your health.B. By providing social base.C. By helping you cut down on your drinking.D. All the above.29. What do you think the word "soft" in the third line of paragraph 7 meansA. gentleB. non-alcoholicC. mildD. calm30. Which of the following is NOT true according to the textA. 700 000 people in Britain are seriously affected by alcohol.B. 10 000 people are likely to die in the next year because of alcohol.C. Six units of beer for men and 4 units for women everyday is 'safe'.D. Different people react almost the same to alcohol.TranslationSection A From English into Chinese (15%)Directions: Translate the following three underlined parts from English into Chinese and write your translation on the answer sheet.People could land on Mars in the next 20 to 30 years provided scientists can find water on the red planet, the head of NASA's (美国国家宇航局) surface exploration mission said on September 16.Two partially solar-powered "robot geologists" -- Mars Exploration Rovers, or MERs –(机器人地质学者——火星探测漫游者) have been trundling across 3 miles of the planet and into craters since January, beaming back data about the makeup of what scientists believe is Earth's sister planet.1. Asked how long it could be before astronauts land on Mars, Arthur Thompson, mission manager for MER surface operations said, "My best guess is 20 to 30 years, if that becomes our primary priority."The two MER robots, dubbed Spirit and Opportunity, have found ancient evidence that water was once plentiful -- important for scientists hoping to know if there was once -- or could still be -- life on Mars.Without water, the dream of sending astronauts to the often dusty planet, which has rust-colored rocks and where the sky is red and sunsets are blue, couldn't unravel."If we cannot find water,it really makes it difficult to send humans. Water is the key," said Thompson, who was attending a mining engineers' conference.2. Such a mission would take 11 to 12 months to get to Mars and it would be impossible to carry enough water for the astronauts, plus the water needed to make rocket fuel for the return journey, to cool the spacecraft and to generate energy.Thompson said scientists had found a canyon on Mars "that makes the Grand Canyon look like a small canyon," where water could still be present."There are indications that there is actually water that seeps out the side of the canyon, and going down the side it evaporates. We believe it's an ongoing process," he said.3. Three satellites now orbiting Mars are constantly gathering information, and Thompson said, "If there is water, we believe the chances of finding life are greatly increased."Section B From Chinese into English (15%)Directions: Translate the following three underlined parts from Chinese into English and write your translation on the answer sheet.自从1843年第一张圣诞贺卡在伦敦印刷,销售以来,公务贺卡已经成为政治家们节日活动中不可缺少的一部分.1. 德高望众的亚伯拉罕•林肯(Abraham Lincoln)是第一位发现圣诞贺卡中蕴藏着政治效力的美国总统,在此过程中,圣诞老人的形象永远留在了人们心中.美国内战期间,奴隶们控制的南方政权与北方的联邦政府相抗衡,当时林肯总统要求政治漫画家托马斯•纳斯特在圣诞老人的画像上配上联邦军队,旨在鼓舞士兵的士气.托马斯•纳斯特是第一个让胖胖的圣诞老人穿上现在看来传统的红色外套和宽大皮带的人.2. 据说看到这个活泼可爱的家伙站在北方联邦军队一边,南方军队的士气大大的受挫.没过多久,他们就战败了.二战期间,同盟国政府同样用圣诞祝词来鼓舞占领区的战士们,幽默的贺卡给战士们带来了充满希望的援助.3. 事实上,正是从这个阶段开始,圣诞节寄贺卡的传统在美国总统中流传起来——至今他们都是世界上最认真的寄卡人之一.Writing(20%)Directions: You are going to write about 200 words on the following topic "Learning is a life-long profession". You are required to write in three paragraphs. Write your essay on the answer sheet.2005年秋季华中科技大学博士研究生英语入学考试试题I. Cloze (0.5x20=10%)Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Today, the Tower of London is one of the most popular tourist (1) ___ and attracts over three million visitors a year. It was occasionally used as a Royal Palace for the Kings and Queens of England (2) ____ the time of James I who (3) ____ from 1603 to 1625, but is (4) ____ known as a prison and execution place. Within the walls of the Tower, princes have been murdered, traitors (5) ____, spies shot, and Queens of England beheaded. One of the most famous executions was that of Anne Boleyn in 1536. She was the second wife of Henry VIII. He wanted to (6) ____ her because she could not give him a son, so he accused her of adultery. She was tried and found guilty. She asked to be beheaded with a sword, (7) ____ the usual axe, which can still be seen in the Tower. The sword and executioner were (8) ____ over specially from France and with one (9) ____ the executioner cut off her head.The Tower was also the (10) ____ of one of London's most famous mysteries. King Edward IV died in 1843. His elder son, Edward, became king (11) ____ his father's death. Young Edward lived in the Tower, and the Duke of Gloucester, (12) ____ protector, persuaded Edward's brother, Richard, to come and live there so that they could play together. But then the Duke (13) ____ that he was the new king, and he was crowned instead of the twelve-year-old Edward, (14) ____ himself Richard III.After that, the boys were seen less and less and eventually disappeared. (15) ____ said that they were suffocated in bed by pillows being (16) ____ their mouths. It is believed that Richard ordered their deaths, (17) ____ it has never been proved. In 1674, workmen at the Tower discovered two (18) ____ which were taken away and buried in Westminster Abbey in 1678. The (19) ____ were examined in 1933 and were declared to be those of two children, (20) ____ the age of the Princes.1. A. seats B. scenes C. grounds D. sights2. B. until B. by C. to D. at3. A. reined B. reigned C. powered D. controlled4. A. hardly B. little C. best D. well5. A. ruined B. destroyed C. tortured D. wounded6. A. get the worst of B. get rid of C. get the best of D. get done with7. A. apart from B. besides C. together with D. rather than8. A. brought B. taken C. got D. won9. A. knock B. hit C. shot D. stroke10. A. spot B. scent C. place D. view11. A. on B. at C. with D. by12. A. their B. the C. his D. a13. A. announced B. published C. advertised D. revealed14. A. naming B. calling C. declaring D. giving15. A. That is B. This is C. They are D. It is16. A. forced into B. squeezed forth C. pressed over D. put on17. A. so that B. since C. as D. although18. A. skeletons B. boys C. remains D. dead bodies19. A. ashes B. bones C. corpses D. sketches20. A. definitely B. certainly C. roughly D. possiblyII. Reading comprehension (20x2=40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage OneWe all know the situation----a good friend recommends you a restaurant and you are looking forward to a nice quiet dinner, but the meal turns out to be less peaceful than expected as you are joined, in sound, by a number of uninvited guests---- James Last, the Beatles, Mireille Mathieu, Mozart ---- depending on the landlord's fancy. You can count yourself lucky if you happen to like what you hear coming over the loudspeakers. But what about the customers who cannot stand James Last or simply want peace and quiet There is nothing they can do. Radio sets at home can be switched off, but not restaurant loudspeakers. Customers simply become the captive audience of sounds they do not want. Some wine bars in Austria, the home of café music, make a charge known as Schrammelmusik (music cover), which everyone has to pay. But the word is quite misleading ---- payment of the music toll gives no cover ---- quite the opposite.Music has become omnipresent. The selection in restaurants may still be a matter of chance, though it generally reflects nothing more than the doubtful taste of piped-music suppliers. However, in other areas music has long been a means of stepping up profits. An entire branch of industry thrives on this, assembling music by the most sophisticated methods with the customer in mind ---- department store music to produce a demonstrable increase in turnover; office music to improve the working atmosphere; airport and hotel music with its soothing effect; even cowshed music with its impact on milk production.These various forms of music, however different in function, have one thing in common ---- the way in which they are produced. The ancient, venerable concepts of composition and arrangement are naturally ruled out from the start. All musical extremes are deliberately debarred. The music issuing from department store loudspeakers must have a steady volume and avoid sudden effects, notes that are too high or too low and the human voice. With one exception ---- during the Christmas rush children's choirs may be heard encouraging sales by singing 'Silent Night', 'Jingle Bells' and so on.This music is more effective when turned low. The aim of this drizzle of canned sound is not conscious assimilation and it represents something quite new in the history of music. For thousands of years music was made to be listened to. But department store music is meant only to create a warm background. There is no contradiction in the fact that Mozart may sometimes find his way into department store music tapes, though his compositions were not meant as background jingles. But department store wallpaper music is not Mozart ---- it only appears to be. And anything unusual in classical composers, anything that lends character, is simply cut ---- development sections, accents, daring harmonies, provocative instrumentation. All we have left is a melody with no backbone which might just as well have come from a pop-song producer ---- plastic music as it were, whose components all sound exactly the same.The music is not meant to be listened to and that may explain the fact that, while we have associations and action groups against air pollution and the pollution of drinking water, so far no one has got up in arms about damage to our acoustic environment. And so our musical sensitivity will continue to be subtly and gently attacked by the piped music in department stores and offices ---- music which we hear without listening to. Its strategy takes advantage of one simple fact ---- you cannot just close your ears.21. Why does the author describe the customers as a 'captive audience'They usually like the music thrown at them.Because they can't escape the music.He wants to show how easy they are to please.Because they've paid a special charge called a 'music toll'.22. Piped music in restaurants is different from that heard in department stores because ____.it's usually very tastefulit's chosen very carefully by the ownerit tries to create a soothing atmosphereit doesn't aim to increase profits23. According to the writer, what does all piped music always avoidHappy songs.Certain instruments.Children's choirs.Any extremes.24. From what the writer says, it's reasonably clear that he or she ____.loves pop musiclikes music in public placesenjoys classical musicis keen on Christmas carols25. The writer of the passage would probably like to ____.join an 'air pollution action group'get rid of music just in restaurantsstart a movement against 'canned music'make people listen to the piped music in public placesPassage TwoThe teacher of reading is involved, whether this is consciously realized or not, in the development of a literate society. And every teacher, therefore, needs to determine what level of literacy is demanded by society, what role he or she should take in achieving the desired standard of literacy, and what the implications of literacy are in a world context.The Unesco report presents a world view of literacy. Too often we limit our thoughts to the relatively small proportion of illiterates in our own country and fail to see it in its international context.The problems facing developing nations are also facing industrialized nations. Literacy, as the report points out, is 'inextricably intertwined with other aspects of national development (and) national development as a whole is bound up with the world context'. Literacy is not a by-product of social and economical development - it is a component of that development. Literacy can help people to function more effectively in a changing environment and ideally will enable the individual to change the environment so that it functions more effectively.Literacy progammes instituted in different countries have taken and are taking different approaches to the problem: for example the involvement of voluntary non-governmental organizations, which underlines the importance of seeing literacy not as a condition imposed on people but as a consequence of active participation within society. People can learn from the attempts of other countries to provide as adequate 'literacy environment'.Who are the 'illiterates' and how do we define them At what point do we decide that illiteracy ends and literacy begins Robert Hillerich addresses these questions. An illiterate, he finds, 'may mean anything from one who has no formal schooling to one who has attended four years or less, to one who is unable to read or write at the level necessary to perform successfully in his social position.' Literacy, he points out, is not something one either has or has not got: 'Any definition of literacy must recognize this quality as a continuum, representing all degrees of development.'An educational definition - i.e. in terms of grades completed or skills mastered - is shown to be inadequate in that educationally defined mastery may bear only minimal relation to the language proficiency needed in coping with environmental demands. From a sociological / economic viewpoint the literacy needs of individuals vary greatly, and any definition must recognize the needs of the individual to engage effectively and to act with responsible participation.Such a broadened definition excludes assessment based on a 'reading-level type'; assessment must, rather, be flexible to fit both purpose and population.。
华中科技大学网络教育英语附答案
Read through the passage and decide whether the following statements aretrue or false.In 34 years of college teaching I've taught and advised many freshmen,probably several thousand of them. Often the prospective newcomers visitthe campus with their families before classes begin. Our college insiststhat the faculty be available during these visits, to help the studentschoose a major.The parents always ask most of the questions. They want to be sure that their kids are safe away from home and that they will have a job afterfour years. This is a perfectly normal parental concern.the students don't ask many questions, I ask them a question: "What Ifis the most important thing you'll learn in college?" Regardless of whatto get outdifferent answer: "You'll learnsuggest athey say, I usuallyof bed in the morning without relying on your mother to wake you up andmake your breakfast."This answer always draws a laugh from the parents. Then I tell the student that college is just like a job, except you don't get paid. Inbreakfast and theYou're paying for thefact, you pay forthe privilege.classes, or your parents are, so you should try to get your money's worth.You can't go to class if you're in bed, and your roommates won't care ifyou turn off the alarm clock and go back to sleep.Regular attendance and regular study are the two most prevalent factors in college success, just as punctuality and diligence are crucialto most future careers. When employers call me to ask about a former student, the first question they usually ask is whether the student was punctual and reliable. Only later, if at all, do they ask about thestudent's grades or extracurricular activities.Woody Allen once said that the most important thing in life is toBut classes areshow up. Humor aside,true of college.this is certainlynot the only places where the student should show up. Friendships and extracurricular activities are also important, and it's a financialreality that many students need to have part-time jobs. The key is to balance all these elements in your life, and never lose sight of youracademic goals. They should always come first.There are 168 hours in a week. It's hard to spend more than half of that time eating and sleeping, so there are still almost 100 hours for other things. Except for the hours in classes, the student decides howto spend most of that time. The quality of these decisions is the key tothe college experience. Students with bad habits or irresponsible friends often let those habits or friends make the decisions for them.This doesn't mean that college is no fun. In fact it's lots of fun if you learn to balance work and pleasure, or even to mix them together. There's plenty of time for both. But not if you stay in bed until noon, miss your breakfast, and miss your morning classes. Then you'll spend therest of the day trying to catch up, borrowing classmates' notes, and eatingunhealthy snack food. Your mother would be very angry!1.1.The author compares college experience to a long holiday. 2.2. According to the passage, teachers will care most about whether a student gets out of bed in the morning.3.3. Academic achievements are the employers employers’’first concern when they choose students as their prospective employees.4.4.The author ’s purpose in mentioning the student ’s breakfast several times in the passage is to give an example that the studentsshould be punctual and diligent.5.5.The author describes college life in a humorous and persuasive manner.6.6.The author believes academic goals are the most important, but there should be a balance with other goals.7.7. The author suggests that students make good decisions and use time wisely in order to enjoy all aspects of college experience.8.8.The author implies that life in college can be boring if students cannot balance work and pleasure.答案：答案：1.F2.F3.F4.T5.T6.T7.T8.F。
大学mooc大学英语词汇解析(华科)期末考试答案
B 正确答案： 你没选择任何选项
2
单选 (4 分) 1. To clean the water bottle which has been used for a long time, white vinegar can be used to remove ______ from the inner surface of the bottle.
A.word B.words C.wording D.wordings
A 正确答案： 你没选择任何选项
8
单选 (4 分) Those books were normally kept under______ and key in the library.
A.door
©解忧书店，严禁转载，违者必究！
2/7
A.right B.supplementary C.adjacent plementary
D 正确答案： 你没选择任何选项
16
单选 (4 分) Though there were examples showing that several boxers in their 40’s were still winning world championships, he decided to retire from the______ at age 34.
A.Jonas B.Jack C.John D.Jane
C 正确答案： 你没选择任何选项
11
单选 (4 分) He is always very much contented; he is a ______ youth.
A.careful B.casual C.careless D.cautious
华中科技大学大学英语分级考试样题
华中科技大学大学英语分级考试样题HUST Placement Test (Sample)试卷一Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. $24 B. $12.C. $6.D. $18.2. A. At 6:15. B. At 6:45.C. At 7:15.D. At 7:45.3. A. Pass up the food. B. Take a bite of the cake.C. Make a wish.D. Cook a great cake.4. A. Because her clock stopped working.B. Because her arms couldn't move.C. Because her aunt failed to come again.D. Because her sleep was disturbed by the fire alarm.5. A. He doesn't know where the library is.B. He would like to borrow books from the woman.C. The woman doesn't need a map to find the library.D. He also wants to know where the library is.6. A. Fine but cold. B. Sunny and hot.C. Rainy and cold.D. Rainy and hot.7. A. The man should watch the program too.B. The man should leave the television on.C. The program will be over soon.D. She'll watch television later.8. A. Turn off the electricity. B. Pack their clothes.C. Call a taxi.D. Lock the suitcase.9. A. She took a bus. B. She walked.C. She drove herself.D. She was given a ride.10. A. The doctor can see him for a short time.B. He can bring in another chair.C. There will be a short wait.D. His appointment is for another time.Section B PassageDirections: In this section, you will hear a short passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear 5 questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A. B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 11 through 15 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because they prefer fresh flowers.B. Because they think all false things are ugly.C. Because false things are useless.D. Because they do not like to do “True” or “False” exercises.12. A. Because he didn't think all false things were ugly.B. Because he believed his grandfather had lied.C. Because he thought his grandfather could find no answer.D. Because he wanted to show he was cleverer than his grandpa.13. A. He thought his grandson could give an example.B. He thought his grandson was very clever.C. He thought what he had said was a certain truth.D. He thought his grandson wouldn't agree with him.14. A. He looked ugly.B. He looked younger and lively.C. He looked empty and flat.D. He looked clever.15. A. False things are more beautiful than real things.B. Not all false things are ugly.C. The grandson was cleverer than his grandpa.D. The professor was quite ugly.请翻到试卷二继续作听力理解题第三和第四部分，并将答案写在试卷二上。
华中科技大学英语口语考试素材模板
话题一What is your definition of success? What have you achieved in your life that makes you feel proud?In my submission, success is not to earn a great of money, nor is it to so some so great things. Not to be famous, not to be great, ordinary people also have their own way of success. I think, to make my families, and all the people I love have a happy life, is my own way to be success. Yes, the ancient people said, a man should take the world as his duty. But for me, the most important is to make these people I love happy!As I said, I want to make my love live a happy life. So it’s always on the way to success! i want to make myself better and be able to make them feel happy. I remembered once a weekend, my parents are busy working so nobody have time to make a lunch, I tried to make it, but I didn’t learn how to cook before! My little brother and I made an awful lunch after an attempt. I still remember how unsavory it was but the happiness on my parents’ face is visible. At that moment, the feeling of pride arises spontaneously. I feel I am the most success person in our world. So after that, I tried to learn some cooking skills and I can make some delicious food now.话题二Please describe what is the happiest/most embarrassing/funniest/scariest thing that has ever happened to you.For me, there is a really scariest thing happened in my life. That was when I had just been in high school for no more than one month! After the military training, we have a long holiday at last. My brother and I went back home together. We are so tired because the intension of the training is so strong! We planned to have a good sleep once we came home. After an hour’s drive and thirty minutes’ walk, we finally arrived at our destination.And we found that our parents going out.But, when I was opening the door, he suddenly falls in a faint. I am so scared that Ialmost fainted too. After realizing what happened, I responded quickly. Idialed a first aid phone and then, call my parents what happened. I put my brother on the sofa to prevent him from catching a cold. And I called his nameand asked some questions to see if hewas even sober. Just a while, the ambulance arrived. And my parents got back after it. My brother was send to hospital and my heart is still beating fast. I think it’s probably the most scaring thing I have ever experienced.话题三What do you like about your dormitory life? What do you dislike? What do you think can be done to make your dormitory a more harmonious community?It has been half a year since we came to our college. And we have already been living in the dorm for several months. I think I like to living in the dorm because I can live with my classmates and friends. We can study together and play together. But I really don’t like the shabby facilities in my dorm. As you know, our dormitory always cut off the water supply, always have a power cut and cut off the internet. And there is no tile in the dorm, it’s all cement floors. I can’t stand it! We all need to upper bed, I really dislike it! I want to sleep like in my home! And living in the dorm means our parents are not at our side. That’s really inconvenient.I think that we all should respect other’s habit, seek common ground while reserving differences. We should all endeavor to be more considerate of others.Just like, don’t speak loud in the dorm especially when they are having a sleep. And remember;do not unto others as you would not have them do unto you. Doing these means that there would be few conflicts between you and your roommates. If everyone can help each other, respect each one, you dormitory must be a harmonious one!话题四In your eyes, what is the greatest invention of the 21st century? Why?There are so many great inventions in this 21st century. The smart phone, artificial intelligence, the virtual reality technology and the augment reality! There is so many inventions in our century. But in my submission, the greatest invention of the 21st century is the nanotechnology. There are so many reasons for why I choose this one to be the greatest.First, the nanotechnology marks the further exploration of the microcosm by human beings. We all know, compared with the micro world; the exploration of the macro world is relatively easy.But the micro world is more representative of the nature of the world.Second, the application of nanotechnology is very extensive. Nanotechnology can be used in various fields, such as medicine, industry, agriculture and so on. In the future, there will be drugs based on nanotechnology to cure people's disease fundamentally.And there will be all kinds of nanobots involved in industrial and agricultural production. It will totally change our life!话题五What is your dream job? If you were offered a job that was not what you dreamed of but with a decent salary, would you take it? Why or why not?When I was a little boy, I had so many dream jobs. But now, Iam sure what I really want to be. My dream job is to be a chef! Yes, just a chef! No great, no extraordinary. I want to be a chef just because;I want to cook for my families. I always dream about one day, I can make very delicious food for my families and their happiness was on the face.I’m sure that at that moment, the feeling of that pride arises spontaneously!But if there is a high salary job, I think I would take it. To be honest, living in our society, every one of us has to have a material well-being life. Just for survive! So I would take the high-salary job in order to make our material life easier. And not to be the chef doesn’t means I can’t cook.I can also learn how to cook delicious food by my studying! At that time, I can also cook for them, and struggle for their happy life!话题六In response to the climate change issue, what do you think we common people can do to help find out solutions?Yes, it’s sure that our daily life has a close relation to the climate change. With the intensification of the greenhouse effect, global warming has seriously affected our daily life. The abrupt change of climate, species extinction, and many natural calamities, all of them is closely related to the greenhouse effect. So it is urgent to improve the greenhouse effect. As an ordinary people, we can do many things!We can start from the small things in life. We should turn the light off once there was no people use it; we ought to turn off the lap after using it. We can ride or work more and drive less, and go to the far place by bus rather than drive our own car. We are supposed to make the garbage classification and make efforts to cyclic utilization. We can do many things in our life to reduce carbon emissions.And we should do more publicity. We should call on our friends and relatives to contribute to reducing the greenhouse effect. Everyone takes part in, the environment will be better soon!话题七What changes do you think have taken place among the different generations in China over the past few decades? What are the reasons for those changes?I think the change is mainly in the ideas. Our generation has totally different ideas from the elder one. For example, our generation always want to be what we want, not limited to others, we always put ourselves in the important position. We will get the job we want, not others. But for the elder generation people, they always take the family in the first position. They work, only to earn for their family, whether you like it or not is the secondary one. And our generation people always look like the international people, while the elder people more like the traditional Chinese people!In my submission, these changes are all based on the rapid development of Chinese society. After the Chinese economic reform, China's economy has grown rapidly. The quality of people's life is increasing. The problem of food and clothing has almost been solved so our generation people care less about the family’s finance. And with the integration of China and the international community, our new generation people have a more open vision. So these changes have come into being.话题八What do you think of the idol-worshiping behavior of youngstersaround the world? What benefits and negative influences do you think this social phenomenon may bring about?Frankly speaking, I really don’t like this kind of behavior! In my submission, the harm of this kind of behavior is far greater than that of profit.I think as a teenager, the most important work is to study. But the idol-worshiping behavior has bad influence on our study and our health. It’s said that some girls paid her own life for her reasonless action. And this behavior will bring a great burden for the family. Some girls spend a lot of money for their idol, not only abandon her study, but also take some difficulties for their family. But on the other hand, this kind of action has some benefits. In a certain sense, it can promote the economic growth, and it is a way to have a rest.But as a teenager, we should always remember that study is our first duty. We should take study in the most important position. And we should take care of ourselves, don’t do anything that is harmful to us. In this way, can we live a happy life!话题九It is said that people must always be prepared for changes. What is the most difficult change that you have ever had to make? Is there anything that you think you will never change about yourself?As we all know, the affairs of the world are inconstant.So we should always prepare for any change! The most difficult change happened in my life was in the high school. Before the high school, I don’t take notes in the class; don’t have a preparation or a review after class. And I think I can also get a good grade with fewer efforts. But after the first exam, I am the worst in my class. I think it is just a bad fortune. But the final exam of the first term, my grade is still slipped. My parents have a talk with me and they told me that I should take more efforts in my study, not just playing computer games. But I really like playing games! I have been thinking for a long time, so I decided to study harder and play less game. Thanks to my efforts, I got the better and better grade.I think a person’s appearance can be changed, but his heart can’t! So, I believe in my life, I will always try to be a kind person, a wise man. Agrateful heart and kind mind would not be changed forever.话题十To maintain a grateful heartcontributes to happiness. Give your comments on this statement and illustrate your idea with examples from your personal experiences.A grateful heart makes a happy life. Many teachers teach us these words, but I really understand after I have experienced many things. When I was young, I have a close relationship with one of my classmates. Every time he bought some snacks, he would share some with me. But one day, he didn’t! He shared it with the other student. I am really sad with angry! And even I want to break off our friendship! When I get home, I told to my mom. She just smiled to me, I couldn’t understand why. She said: You just take it for granted that he should share his snacks with you. But, it’s not his duty! He has the right to decide who he would share with. If he chose you, you are very happy. But if not, you should not be angry. To maintain a grateful heart, you will have a better life! After thinking about it, I understand what the meaning is. People always take others’ kind for granted, but that’s not the case. We should maintain a grateful heart; look at the world with gratitude, the life will be better and better!。
华中科技大学启明学院入学选拔考试真题版
舉屮脅授乳冷启明学院选拔考试复习指导适用于所有想要考入启明学院的亲注意事项：（所有历年的试题是保密的不外售，所以市面买的试卷都是假的，都是投机的“热心青年”的杰作，题目每年都会有改变。
本套试题是某一届师哥师姐根据回忆和后期加工制作的。
保证了权威性和真实性，并且出于公益绝不以盈利为目的希望各位亲尊重前人的劳动，不要用来挣小学弟学妹的money ）总论启明学院的优惠政策，包括保研率60%左右，每人一个导师的制度，还有就是实验室的优先使用权，奖学金的评定优势（加权高，名额多）等。
并且师资配备也是很好的。
淘汰机制：除执行学校本科生学籍管理规定外，凡出现以下情况之一者，应转出学院（一）学年学业评价不合格；（二）因各种原因受警告或警告以上处分；（三）因身体状况不能坚持继续学习；（四）自愿申请退出。
入学须知（同济部分）鉴于以往招生的各种事端总结，特此公示几个注意事项。
1•进入这个班不是所有的人都会出国，每年交换生名额有6个，原则是三届中德班竞争名额，但主要是大二和大三这两届中德班分享，合同两年签一次，有停止续约的可能。
不过一般会有合同的。
2•出国虽然不收学费，但是生活费还是要自己出的，大约7-10万人民币，小城市可能会少一些3. 这个班是本科六年制的。
4•在报考之前请确定自己会真心想加入这个班级，在这里解释一下，每年都会几个同学通过了笔试却放弃面试资格，这样自己可能无所谓，但是却占用了宝贵的面试名额，对那些真心想进入的同学是个不公平的恶性竞争。
5.相信不是每个报考中德班的临床专业的人都是想要出国吧，所以要仔细考虑如果不出国的话，能不能接受6年本科，毕竟其他专业的学生使用这个考试机会可以转专业，对于已经是临床专业学生的意义要权衡一下。
（主校区院系注意事项）同样是进这个班的意义问题，有人说好，保研率高，实验班，有人却在里面被埋没，明明很努力却连奖学金都拿不到。
选拔考试分笔试和面试。
考生报名后将会参加启明学院的统一笔试，笔试内容为高中所学知识（高考完不要松懈啊），并且英语不计入总分一般就是往年的英语四级题目加工！！！包括笔试数学，难度和高考相当，建议把各种基本知识复习一下，并且假期做一下湖北的数学高考卷。
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华中科技大学大学英语分级考试样题HUST Placement Test (Sample)试卷一Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. $24 B. $12.C. $6.D. $18.2. A. At 6:15. B. At 6:45.C. At 7:15.D. At 7:45.3.A. Pass up the food. B. Take a bite of the cake.C. Make a wish.D. Cook a great cake.4. A. Because her clock stopped working.B. Because her arms couldn't move.C. Because her aunt failed to come again.D. Because her sleep was disturbed by the fire alarm.5. A. He doesn't know where the library is.B. He would like to borrow books from the woman.C. The woman doesn't need a map to find the library.D. He also wants to know where the library is.6. A. Fine but cold. B. Sunny and hot.C. Rainy and cold.D. Rainy and hot.7.A. The man should watch the program too.B. The man should leave the television on.C. The program will be over soon.D. She'll watch television later.8. A. Turn off the electricity. B. Pack their clothes.C. Call a taxi.D. Lock the suitcase.9. A. She took a bus. B. She walked.C. She drove herself.D. She was given a ride.10. A. The doctor can see him for a short time.B. He can bring in another chair.C. There will be a short wait.D. His appointment is for another time.Section B PassageDirections: In this section, you will hear a short passage. At the end of the passage, you will hear 5 questions. Both the passage and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A. B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 11 through 15 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because they prefer fresh flowers.B. Because they think all false things are ugly.C. Because false things are useless.D. Because they do not like to do “True” or “False” exercises.12. A. Because he didn't think all false things were ugly.B. Because he believed his grandfather had lied.C. Because he thought his grandfather could find no answer.D. Because he wanted to show he was cleverer than his grandpa.13. A. He thought his grandson could give an example.B. He thought his grandson was very clever.C. He thought what he had said was a certain truth.D. He thought his grandson wouldn't agree with him.14. A. He looked ugly.B. He looked younger and lively.C. He looked empty and flat.D. He looked clever.15. A. False things are more beautiful than real things.B. Not all false things are ugly.C. The grandson was cleverer than his grandpa.D. The professor was quite ugly.请翻到试卷二继续作听力理解题第三和第四部分，并将答案写在试卷二上。
Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1It is important for us to know something about drugs. A drug is a chemical substance. It can bring about a physical, emotional, or mental change in people. Alcohol and tobacco are drugs. The caffeine found in coffee, tea, cocoa, and some soft drinks is a drug.Drug abuse(滥用) is the use of a drug, legal or illegal, that hurts a person or someone close to him. A drug user is the person who takes the drug. There are many kinds of drug users. Experimental users are those who may try drugs once or twice. They want to see what the effects will be. Recreational users take drugs to get high. They use drugs with friends or at parties to get into the mood or things. Regular users take drugs all the time. But they are often able to keep up with the normal routine of work, school, housework, and so on. Dependent users can‟t relate to anything but drugs. Their whole life centers around drugs. They feel extreme mental orphysical pain when without drugs.All drugs can be harmful. The effect of any drug depends on a lot of things. How a drug acts depends on how much or how often it is taken. It also depends on the way it is taken. Some drugs are smoked. Others are swallowed or injected. Drugs act differently on different people. The place and the people around you affect the way a drug works.Sometimes people take more than one drug. Multiple drug use is not only common, but also harmful. A deadly example is the use of alcohol and sleeping pills at the same time. Together these drugs can stop normal breathing and lead to death.In fact, only a few kinds of drugs can cause physical dependence. Tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana（大麻）are three common drugs. They are the first ones most people use and become dependent on.16. Which of the following is not considered as a drug according to the passage?A. caffeineB. teaC. alcoholD. tobacco17. Which of the following are the most serious drug users?A. experimental drug usersB. recreational drug usersC. regular drug usersD. dependent drug users18. The deadly example is mentioned in paragraph 4 to show that _______.A. multiple drug use is very harmfulB. the use of alcohol can stop normal breathingC.the use of sleeping pills can lead to deathD. drug use is very common19. This passage mainly talks about ______.A. harmfulness of drug abuseB. types of drug usersC. facts about drugsD. effects of drug use20. The word “high” in line 6, paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to“_____”.A.tallB. sensitiveC. excitedD. dependentPassage 2People everywhere today see and hear advertisements constantly: insigns, in newspapers or magazines, on television, on the radio, even on the internet! No matter where you are, you are probably going to see or hear advertisements, or commercials. Some people say that advertising has a bad influence, or effect. Says writer Noreen Janus:Advertisers use mainly a few themes again and again: happiness, youth, success, status, luxury, fashion, and beauty. They hide class differences and problems in the workplace. Many ads suggest that you can solve all human problems by buying things…. They suggest that modern things are good and traditional things are bad…. As one ad professional said, “ Once the TV set goes to work, the family is like a kid in a candy store. They watch 450 commercials a week. They see all the beautiful things. And they want everything that they see.”However, not everyone thinks that advertising is a bad thing. Some people say advertising sometimes gives us useful information about different products--- for example, the advantages of buying one product instead of another. Also, shopping sometimes makes us feel good. When people see a famous person on TV talking about a certain kind of shoes or jacket, they like how they feel when they buy the same shoes or jacket. According to Writer Judith Williamson:The meaning in most people‟s lives comes from what they use than from what they produce in their jobs. Clothes, furniture, all the things that we buy involve decisions and the use of our own choice…. Shopping is a social event….21. This passage mainly discusses _____.A. the advantages of advertisementsB. the disadvantages of advertisementsC. the happiness in watching advertisementsD. both positive and negative aspects of advertisements22. From paragraph 2, we can infer that ______.people buy everything they see on TVmodern things are better than traditional onesads often mislead peopleads show people the way to solve problems23. Those who have a positive attitude towards advertising claim that______.advertising sometimes enables shoppers to make the right decision when shoppingadvertising makes ordinary people feel as important as famous peopleadvertising enables shoppers to see famous peopleadvertising brings shoppers good mood24. The attitude of the writer towards advertising is ______.negative B. positiveC. neutralD. indifferent25. The word “commercials” in line 3, paragraph one is closest inmeaning to “______”.themes B. advertisementsC. businessesD. merchantsPassage 3With a camera fitted into a pair of sunglasses connected to a computer, a 62-year-old blind man, Jerry White, has learned to recognize objects well enough to navigate the New York City subway system independently.It‟s been a long time in coming. Jerry‟s road to partial sight began in 1978, when doctors in New York‟s Dobelle Institute implanted 68 electrodes(电极) on the surface of a region of Jerry‟s brain called the visual cortex--where signals from the eyes are processed. By electrically stimulating the area, doctors hoped that they cou ld restore some of Jerry‟s vision. But when Jerry tried to focus on objects, he saw only flickers of light appearing like “stars,” called phosphenes. Normally, the rain does not interpret the phosphene patterns as identifiable objects.That‟s where the computer comes in. Jerry‟s first electronics package was the size of a small refrigerator. Today, Jerry‟s sunglasses are outfitted with a tiny view camera that captures images that are processed by a portable computer. The computer weighs 10 pounds and is no bigger than a dictionary.When Jerry scans an object, he sees a pattern of phosphenes. Computer algorithms(算法系统) enlarge the edges of the pattern so that it appears as an outline. The computer then signals a second microcomputer that controls stimulation electronics to send information about the object‟s location to Jerry‟s brain.Other scientists are studying implants in the retina, the light-sensing tissue at the back of the eye. A major benefit of the Dobelle system is that it can help the estimated 1.1million Americans whose blindness has many causes, not just damage to the retina.The system does have its limitations, however. It only covers an area about2 inches wide by 8 inches tall viewed at arm‟s length, giving Jerry tunnel vision. To overcome this problem, the commercial version of the system, which will be marketed abroad by the end of this year, will feature 512 electrodes.26. The word “phosphenes” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.A. sparksB. patternsC. signalsD. objects27. The phrase “tunnel vision” in the last paragraph means _______.A. the image of a tunnelB. a narrow range of viewC. looking through a tunnelD. a limitation of the system28. It can be safely concluded that______.A. with a camera fitted into a pair of sunglasses connected to a computer , Jerry can travel alone in New York.B. the device will be commercially successfulC. the Dobelle system can help all blind people.D. computers can help the brain interpret the phosphene patterns29. It is implied in this passage that _____.A. eye signals are processed in a special region of the brainB. in 1978, doctors restored some of Jerry‟s visionC. only one computer is needed for the deviceD. the computer used today for the device can capture images30. This passage is most probably taken from_____.A. a doctor‟s prescriptionB. a science magazineC. a daily newspaperD. an advertisementPassage 4Children learn orthography -- the rules of spelling -- through teaching, and also by themselves through reading. The relative influence of these two kinds of learning is an important issue in the study of reading, but it is hard to determine because children have both types of experience with most rules. Here we show that children can learn a sophisticated orthographic rule for themselves, without the help of teaching.In two experiments, we asked eight-and-nine-year-old children (102 children in the first experiment and 90 in the second. to write …pseudo-verbs‟ (the made-up verbs) which either had the same or different stems in the present and past tense. If children knew the stem-based rule, they should put …-ed‟ endings on the past tense of pseudo-verbs that have the same stem as in the present tense more often than on those that do not.The experiments show that many eight-and-nine-year-old children use a morphemically based, but entirely untaught,orthographic rule. The discovery has important implications for theories of spelling. The dominant theoretical approach to the study of spelling has been the dual-route model, which claims that people spell words either by converting sounds into letters, or through a lexical route in which spellings of known words are retrieved whole from memory. The idea of whole-word retrieval has been criticized on the basis that the lexical route involves analysis of words into morphemes(词素). Our data support this morphemic view, and indicate that morphemic structure has a radical effect on the way that children spell known and unknown words.31. The author believes that _____.A. children learn the rules of spelling mainly through teachingB. it is difficult to decide whether children learn orthography mainly through teaching or through readingC. with the help of teaching , children will learn orthography betterD. children can learn the rule for verb endings in a short time32. The word “sophisticated” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to _____.A. complicatedB. simpleC. falseD. true33. From this passage, it can be inferred that school children ________.A. have no difficulty in learning the rules of spellingB. can only spell simple words correctlyC. have the ability to spell unknown wordsD. cannot convert sounds into letters34. The writer of this passage conducted two experiments in order to________.A. prove that children can learn difficult orthographic rule themselvesB. prove that children can write English through teachingC. show the importance of spelling for childrenD. show the importance of teaching children to read35. The significance of the discovery lies in that____.A. many eight- and nine-year old children use a morphemically based ruleB. it proves that people spell words by converting sounds into lettersC. it proves that people spell words through a lexical routeD. it provides evidence against the idea of whole-word retrievalPart III Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.36. This is a very popular film, and it would be wise to ______ seats well in advance.A. occupyB. bookC. engageD. obtain37. The old lady got into the ______ of getting up early every morning.A. traditionB. mannerC. favorD. habit38. I‟m ______ to get the tickets for the show tonight, because there are hardly any left.A. anxiousB. afraidC. excitedD. curious39. Univer sity teachers don‟t go out very often as their work ______ all their time.A. takes offB. takes upC. takes overD. takes away40. Her name was on the _____ of my tongue, but I just couldn‟t remember it.A. tipB. edgeC. topD. front41. In spite of the fact that his ______ experiments had failed, Prof. Smith persisted in his research.A. curiousB. casualC. inevitableD. initial42. There seems to be a highly ______ type of flu going around.A. influentialB. frequentC. infectiousD. beneficial43. Kindness is one of the most important ______ a man should have.A. quantitiesB. areasC. effortsD. qualities44. I ______ to tell you that there is nothing we can do to help you.A. rememberB. regretC. refuseD. pretend45. Wouldn‟t it be better for you to complete this course than ______ a new one?A. takingB. takeC. to takeD. be taken46. _________ that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point.A. During the 1970‟sB. It was in the 1970‟sC. That it was in the 1970‟sD. It was the 1970‟s47. That radio is pretty loud. Can‟t you turn it ______ a little?A. offB. onC. upD. down48. Careful surveys have shown that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ______ directed.A. likeB. soC. forD. asThe owners of the company granted the demands that the workers _______ on them.A. had madeB. are makingC. be makingD. had been made50. The manager lost his ____________ just because his secretary was ten minutes late.A. moodB. temperC. mindD. passionThe local hospital is reported ______ ten years ago when Dr. White became its first president.A. to have been set upB. to be set upC. being set upD. having been set up52. To kill time before the train left, we went to a movie, after______ we returned to the hotel.A. thatB. thisC. itD. which53. Once a decision is made, it must be firmly _________.A. carried outB. worked outC. turned outD. picked out54. She ______ the wet clothes on the grass to dry them in the sun.A. openedB. settledC. spreadD. lay55. He is a nice man; if you need anything, you can ______ on him to help.A. trustB. relyC. expectD. move56. They were lost at sea, ______ wind and weather.A. at the cost ofB. at the mercy ofC. in the face ofD. at the moment of57. In the teaching of mathematics, the way of instruction is generallytraditional, with teachers presenting formal lectures and students ______notes.A. takeB. to takeC. are takingD. taking58. Could I just ______ some members of the audience to get their view?A. bring inB. bring onC. bring downD. bring up59. At about the age of twelve, girls start feeling acutely _______ about changing their clothes in front of other people.A. confusedB. delightedC. embarrassedD. satisfied60. The casual clothes you are wearing are _______ for such a formal occasion.A. irregularB. unnecessaryC. extraordinaryD. unsuitable61. Despite the problems, the wedding ______ very well.A. came upB. came offC. came downD. came about62. There is no ______ in applying for that job as you are not qualified.A. chanceB. possibilityC. pointD. result63. I would have come back earlier, but I ______ that you were here waiting for me.A. hadn‟t knownB. haven‟t knownC. didn‟t knowD. would know64. It‟s always difficult living in a new country, ______ if you don‟t speak the language.A. extremelyB.basicallyC. naturallyD. especially65. The students have been told that under no circumstances ______to play the computer games in the dormitory.A. are they allowedB. they are allowedC. have they been allowedD. they have been allowed66. ______ I saw him, I knew he was the man the police were looking for.A. ShortlyB. The instantC. No soonerD. The time67. My suggestion is that the concert ______ for the time being.A. be canceledB. isC. will beD. must be68. ______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A. When comparingB. having been comparedC. When comparedD. To compare69. Amy failed in the English examination. You ______ her more help.A. must have givenB. should giveC. needn‟t have givenD. should have given70. Becky worked late into the night, ______ a speech for the next day.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing71. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ______ with uninspired students.A. ends upB. turns upC. puts upD. takes up72. The news ______ our class had won the football game gave us much pleasure.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. when73. I think the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately ______ it is inevitable.A. to followB. followingC. followedD. is followed74. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I ______ wet now.A. would not beB. would not have beenC. had not beenD. will not be75. Though ______ rich, he was better off than at any other period in his life.A. by any meansB. by some meansC. by all meansD. by no means试卷二（本试卷包含听力理解题第三、第四部分以及综合改错题）Section C Spot DictationDirections: In this part you will hear a passage twice. During the first reading you should listen carefully for a general idea of the whole passage. Then listen to the passage again and fill in the missing word at each blank.Mr. and Mrs. Moore were invited to a Christmas party at a hotel. They left their car outside and went in. Mr. Moore had never got (1) __ before, sohe was careful not to drink too much, though his friends asked him to drink more all along.During the party, Mrs. Moore found that she had (2) ___ to bring her bag, so she asked her husband to go out to the car and getit for her. He did so, but on his way back to the hotel gate, he heard a car horn(喇叭) blowing near his own car. He thought someone might be in (3)_______ of help and went over to the car. He found a small black bear sitting in the driving-seat and blowing the horn.When Mr. Moore got back to the party, he told several people about the bear, but of course they did not (4)_______ him and thought he was drunk. When he took them out of the hotel to show that his story was (5)_______, he found that the car with the bear in it had (6)_______. There were so many (7)_______ about Mr. Moore‟s black bear during the next week that he at last put an advertisement (广告) in the (8)_______; “If anyone saw a black bear blowing the horn in a car outside the Century Hotel on the evening of Christmas Day, please tell….”Two days later Mrs. Richards (9)_______ him and said that she and her husband had left their (10)_______ bear in their car outside the Century Hotel for a few minutes that evening, and that maybe he had blown the horn.Section D Following the InstructionDirections: Listen to the news twice. As you listen, complete the following 5 tasks.Part IV Error CorrectionDirections: In this part, you will read a passage which contains one error in each numbered line. Read the passage carefully and mark out the 15 errors in the numbered lines and put the right wordon the corresponding line on the right.For many years it was common in the UnitedStates to associate Chinese Americans withrestaurants and laundries. People did notrealize that the Chinese had been driven intothese occupations by the prejudice anddiscrimination that was faced them in this 1. __________country. The first Chinese to reach theUnited States came during the CaliforniaGold Rush of 1849. As most of the other 2. __________people there, they come to search for 3. __________gold. In that largely unoccupied land, the menoccupied the land by placing markers in theground. Therefore, either because the Chinese 4. __________were so different from the others and because 5. __________they worked so patiently that they sometimessucceeded in turning a seeming worthless 6. __________mining claim into a profitable one, they became thescapegoats of their envious competitors. Theywere troubled for many ways. Often they 7. __________were protected from working their claims; 8. __________Some localities even passed regulationsforbidding them own claims. 9.__________Chinese therefore started to seek out other 10. __________ ways of earning a living.Some of them began to make the laundry for 11. _________the white miner; others set up small restaurants.There were most no women in California in 12. __________ those days, and the Chinese filled a real needby doing this “man's work”. Some went to13. __________work as farmhands or as fishermen.Most today's Chinese Americans are the 14. __________ descendants of some of the early miners andrailroad workers. They retain many aspects oftheir ancient one culture, even after having lived 15. __________ here for several generations.。