企业文化外国文献
外国企业文化文献
外国企业文化文献1. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.- This book explores the impact of culture on work-related values and behaviors in different countries. It provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and comparing cultural differences and their implications for multinational companies.2. Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (1997). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding cultural diversity in business. New York: McGraw-Hill.- This book offers insights into cultural differences in business practices and provides practical advice for managing cultural diversity in multinational companies. It presents a model for understanding and navigating cultural differences in different business contexts.3. Adler, N. J. (2008). International dimensions of organizational behavior. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning.- This textbook provides an overview of various aspects of organizational behavior in an international context. It covers topics such as cross-cultural communication, leadership, motivation, andteamwork, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities of managing multinational teams.4. Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond culture. New York: Doubleday.- In this book, Edward T. Hall explores the concept of culture and its impact on communication and behavior. It delves into the differences between high-context and low-context cultures and provides valuable insights for understanding and navigating cultural differences in international business settings.5. Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.- This book examines the role of organizational culture in shaping the behavior and performance of companies. It explores the various layers of culture within organizations and offers practical guidance for managing and transforming company culture in a global context.These references provide a range of perspectives on the topic of foreign company culture and can serve as valuable resources for understanding and managing cultural differences in international business.。
企业品牌文化建设外文文献翻译最新译文3000多字
文献信息: Thompson M. The research of enterprise brand culture construction [J]. Marketing Theory, 2015, 12(05):41-51.原文The research of enterprise brand culture constructionThompson MAbstractBrand culture is a culture trait in all the cultural phenomenon of brand of sedimentary and brand activities. Brand belongs to the category of high-cultural value, is the unity of the physical form and spiritual form, and is the combination of modern social and cultural value orientation. Enterprise brand culture is an important part of enterprise culture and enterprise culture including spirit culture, system culture, marketing culture, marketing and brand culture is the culture of a kind of expression form, is the enterprise culture construction of high-level pursuit. An enterprise has its own corporate culture, but does not mean that the brand culture, brand culture is the enterprise after years of efforts, the brand gain greater advantage in the market competition and influence.Keywords: Corporate culture; Brand culture construction; Development strategy1 IntroductionMarlboro (Marlboro) President Maxwell declared: "the brand is one of the biggest enterprise assets, the enterprise brand as the depositor's account, you are constantly in its value in the advertisement, and you can enjoy its high interest rates.”Coca-Cola Company a manager declared: "if Coca-Cola all factories overnight is destroyed by fire, but it can quickly back to life. Because Coca-Cola brand can make any company bonanza, by this you will get to the bank loan, come back to life. "Above all, the brand is a huge intangible assets, has is immeasurable power and very high social value and of great economic value.2 The necessity of brand culture constructionModern commercial society, enterprises pay more and more attention to the shaping of the brand. In the process of business development marketing, into the brand culture connotation, make it more with rich cultural atmosphere, improve thelevel and cultural value of goods, and thus have a huge economic effect and social significance.2.1Enhance the competitiveness of the enterprise brandIn the modern business, using the cultural connotation to participate in the competition can bring twice the result with half the effort. Then decide what is the basis for successful competition, why do some products can be in an impregnable position in the market, and some enterprise product was good, but is the occupation of the market. This surface is the price problem or quality problem, but in essence is the enterprise brand culture construction problems. Because enterprise brand culture determines the people's way of thinking, then decided to the enterprise business philosophy, goals, strategies, tactics and methods, etc. As a result of the enterprise brand culture gap, can form the gap between business strength. Therefore, only by establishing the correct values system, form a competitive brand culture of enterprise, to guarantee the brand enterprises in the competition. In today's world economic competition, the surface is the competitive products and services, is a deep layer management of competition, and then a deep layer is the competition system, and the deeper cultural competition. No cultural taste of enterprise, is the lack of the vitality of enterprises; No cultural flavor of the product, is behind The Times, is not popular with the consumer products. Brand is the deep culture, brand is a symbol of wealth, famous brand marks the social status, brand to prove the quality, and brand is the culture. Investigation showed that both residents consumer goods market and durable consumer goods market, its concentration is very high, the sum of the top 10 brands share is in commonly 70 ~ 80%.Consumers have to shift from simply pay attention to the matter of consumer brand utility to pay attention to consumer goods material function outside the other utility. Quite a number of consumers started from the "goods" to enter the stage of "brand consumption", the brand culture is born, brand competition is transferred to the enterprise brand culture came up, the connotation of brand culture more rich, more lasting, associated with people's thought life, the greater the brand competitiveness is stronger, and the stronger the brand enterprise competitiveness. Therefore, the brand culture is to enhance the brand competitivenessof the enterprise.2.2 Integration within the enterprise cohesion and competitivenessThe competition and development of the modern enterprise, the person has played a decisive factor, brand culture shape, is a values between internal decision makers, employees, society, the essence of management view and behavior standards, unified integration process, in the form of visual understanding through communication, interaction, mutual inductance, thus the enhancement enterprise's cohesive force and fighting capacity, promote the spirit of teamwork and progress. Brand culture is the enterprise product or service brand image, the manifestation of social values. The so-called "faithful" and "table" is the company's brand image, "in", is the core of the internal management staff, "table" and the thought of "in the" cultural value orientation is unified. Through the fusion of culture, can make well management and staff together, for the company for the society to create huge economic value and social value. McDonald's is no matter in which country or area of business development, insist on promoting construction company internal family happiness, the family culture, emphasizes equality and teamwork of the concepts of family affection, blame, let employees feel is a kind of warm loving together create the pursuit of the relationship.2.3 Cultivate staff quality and image of the goodBrand culture is the core of brand management idea, behavior standards, packaging unified visual identity. Is an important role on the cultivation of the quality of employees, such as solidarity, honesty and service production, sales, service functions? Employee is responsible for the brand, all the business activities on behalf of the company's brand image. behavior so that employees must conform to the company's brand culture connotation extension features, such as cosmetic skin care products series "kose", such as "Maybelline", when strengthening brand of beauty and fashion culture, pay more attention to the staff in the thought, language, behavior, good communication with customers, and the exercise of service quality, make customers feel personalized quality service in the process of consumption.2.4 Build the brand of good nature and strong expansion driveBrand value is embodied in the marketing management play a convey of cultural thought, is the nature of goods or services. Thinking of "science and technology people-oriented" brand culture, also expressed the inner "people-oriented, science and technology as the core, to fashion culture as the direction of" the world of modern culture management idea, thus in the process of development, always full of brand personality expansion drive and cultural dissemination of permeability.2.5 Brand of quality servicesBuild brand service is one of the important means to participate in market competition, is also a merchant's a tidy intangible assets. To build the brand service, the best method is to use the enterprise brand culture. Scholars LuKeHeng say ": American culture exists in the thoughts, emotions and responses of various industries has fixed mode, and spread it can be got through symbols. Culture constitutes the achievement of groups have distinguishing feature each, these achievements include they manufacture all kinds of concrete forms. Therefore, services such as to enterprise brand culture as the guidance, and participate in the competition of service, will createa successful brand service.3 The development of enterprise brand culture3.1 Fully aware of the development of brand culture strategic positionBrand culture's strategic position depends on the culture in the process of shaping brand value. As is known to all, the brand value depends on the brand product of social trust and loyalty, the higher consumer loyalty of products, the higher brand value. To maintain consumer trust and loyalty of the product, the upgrading of products is inevitable, but volatility is lesser, product development and upgrading of the guidance of culture to maintain certain stability. The stability of culture is the core of the product development, in the brand core value in the process of dominance; the key idea is the leading product value. American scholar Stephen king pointed out that ": the product is produced in the factory, the brand is what consumers buy, a product can be imitated by competitors, but the brand is unique, products become obsolete soon fall behind, and successful brand is enduring, its core brand culture". At the same time, the strategic position of brand culture reflected in the cultural positioning theauthority of organization, in foreign enterprises, determine the enterprise culture and brand culture of the organization of the board of directors, is the highest decision-making authority of the enterprise, decides the company management policy, strategy, etc., the authority of decision-making authority decides the brand culture in the enterprise management status, only know fully in place, they can better do a good job of the brand culture development. Given the current our country enterprise awareness of the brand culture is not yet in place, strengthen the enterprise core management of brand culture understanding, establish its strategic position, is particularly important.3.2 Shape under the same brand hierarchy culture systemEnterprise in a single brand for all product sales, should according to different product quality, the formation of hierarchical culture system. The cultural system consists of the values and brand series products of cultural values, mainly the core brand values, is the basis of product series of cultural values, plays a controlling role, its scope involves product development philosophy, marketing theory, organization operation pattern, is the core of the brand value, the key to segment the consumer market. Series of cultural values of the products is in the Lord, according to the characteristics of the product on the basis of brand culture, the development of niche value concept, has distinct features and different products cultural value should be obvious difference, it is divided into the basis of product quality. To the hierarchy of cultural system, enrich the connotation of brand culture; widen the breadth of culture, to expand the depth of the brand.3.3Establish a professional brand culture development organizationBrand culture in the core position in the brand development process, the decision enterprise must set up special organizations responsible for the management of brand culture development, the status of the agency must be in the strategic level, is the enterprise decision-making institutions directly under the leadership of the development institutions, the personnel structure must be involved in decision-making, management, product development and design department, sales department, etc., is a combination of collective wisdom. Should maintain the independence of the agencybusiness at the same time, to avoid the interference of day-to-day business management, design and develop independently. In the concrete implementation of brand culture development business, should strengthen the study of consumer behavior, grope for the consumption law of consumer groups, is characteristic of enterprise product brand development idea is put forward.译文企业品牌文化建设的研究Thompson M摘要品牌文化就是指文化特质在品牌中的沉积和品牌活动中的一切文化现象。
企业文化外文参考文献
企业文化外文参考文献Corporate CultureThe concept of enterprise cultureEnterprise culture is formed in the long-term of the venture and development process among the enterprise staf. They cultivate the common goal, the highest value standard, basic beliefs and behavior. It contains a very rich content, including business philosophy, value concept, the spirit of enterprise, enterprise morality, group consciousness, enterprise image, enterprise system. Its core is thespirit of the enterprise and values.The value of enterprise culture1.Enterprise culture affects the enterprise’s lifeCulture is informal. But it exist everywhere and every time. In the developing of an enterprise, things informal is more important than that of formal, software is usually more important the hardware. This is not only the character of modern economy, but also the outcome of enterprise culture’s effect in long time.Enterprise culture is the spirit of the enterprise, is the powerthat drives the enterprise developing, and is the best way for the enterprise to get the growth of its economy. The development needs culture and the culture can support the development. In any case, there will be no long time development without culture’ support.2.Enterprise culture builds the enterprise’s core competenceThe 1960’s the core content of enterprise competition istechnology , in the 70 s, it is management, in the 80’ s, it is marketing, in the 90’s, it is the brand, and the 21’st century thecore competition between enterprises is the culture. Enterprise's short-term prosperity can get in so many ways, but the enterprise long time growth can be only from the power of the excellent enterprise culture, the effect of suitable culture on the development and growth of enterprises is huge, because it has infinite driving force on the staff.The spirit and ideas is the core of the enterprise’s culture. Whena good enterprise culture establishment, it brings the wisdom of the group, the spirit of collaboration, fresh vitality, this is equivalentto for enterprise with a powerful engine for enterprise innovation and development, and can uninterruptedly supply spiritual power for the enterprise.Culture the best way to mobilize the staff of an enterprise. Itbrings staff home feeling in their work. It is the resource of the cohesive power inside and the expansionary force outside of the enterprise.The concept of brand cultureBrand culture is the core of brand value, it include the value concept, grade, appeal, express feelings of the brand, the value of the brand culture is that it brings items of the brand to the flourishspirit world of human being. Brand culture not only can bring people good feeling but also improve the core competence of the brand.Brand culture mainly has three level content: the first level is the brand value system, which is made up of a series of concept of brand owners and operators, including the pursuit of quality concept, management concept, service concept, social concept and so on; The second level is the behavior model of the brand, including theoperator’s management and marketing strategy, marketdevelopment means, transmission channels, service mechanism and attitude, etc. The third level is the brand in the visual image level. This aspect mainly includes the name of the brand, brand appeal, brand identification, product external image and so on. The brand culture construction is development of urban rail transit and bus transit integration and optimization, in partial replacement of the main buslines function. Rail transport has the advantage of speed, capacity, and attracted more passengers riding to reduce private car travel, achieve the purpose of alleviating traffic congestion. Only rely on existing the process to adapt to the consumer demand, realize the brand image, maintenance for goals, and complete the heart contract between the brand and the consumer.The concept of culture marketing powerCulture marketing power is that enterprises, through the cultural marketing, get strong marketing idea, super marketing image, a new marketing model, and so get strong marketing power.development of urban rail transit and bus transit integration and optimization, in partial replacement of the main bus lines function.Rail transport has the advantage of speed, capacity, and attracted more passengers riding to reduce private car travel, achieve the purpose of alleviating traffic congestion. Only rely on existing企业文化企业文化的概念企业文化是指企业全体员工在长期的创业和发展过程中培育形成，并共同遵守的最高目标，价值标准，基本信念及行为规范。
企业文化建设 英文文献
企业文化建设英文文献## Corporate Culture Building.Corporate culture is the shared values, beliefs, and behaviors that characterize an organization. It is a powerful force that can shape everything from employee morale to customer satisfaction. A strong corporate culture can help a company attract and retain top talent, boost productivity, and improve profitability.There are many different ways to build a strong corporate culture. Some of the most effective strategies include:Communicating values and beliefs. A company's values and beliefs should be clearly communicated to all employees. This can be done through written statements, company-wide meetings, and training programs.Setting clear expectations. Employees need to knowwhat is expected of them in terms of behavior and performance. Clear expectations help to create a consistent work environment and reduce confusion and uncertainty.Rewarding desired behaviors. When employees demonstrate desired behaviors, it is important to reward them. This can be done through bonuses, promotions, or simply verbal praise.Creating opportunities for learning and development. Employees need to have opportunities to learn and develop their skills. This can be done through training programs, workshops, and on-the-job training.Fostering a sense of community. A strong corporate culture is built on a sense of community. Employees need to feel like they are part of something bigger than themselves. This can be fostered through team-building activities, company events, and social media.Building a strong corporate culture takes time and effort. However, the benefits are well worth it. A strongcorporate culture can help a company attract and retain top talent, boost productivity, and improve profitability.## 企业文化建设。
企业文化与经营业绩 外文文献
企业文化与经营业绩外文文献以下是一些关于“企业文化与经营业绩”的外文文献：1. Kotter, , and Heskett, (1992). Corporate Culture and Performance. New York: The Free Press.2. Thompson, , Chandrasekar, N., and Clark, (2006). The impact of corporate culture on business performance: a study of the automobile industry in Australia. Journal of Management Development, 25(7), .3. Guthrie, , and Hertz, (2009). The impact of corporate culture on organizational performance: a literature review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management Development, 28(7), .4. Kraft, K., and Hwang, J. (2011). The role of corporate culture in predicting business performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Management, 37(6), .5. Davis, , andCollins, (2004).The impact of corporate culture on the bottom line: a ten-year review. Journal of Management Development, 23(5), .这些文献对企业文化的定义、企业文化与经营业绩之间的关系、以及如何通过建立强大的企业文化来提高经营业绩等方面进行了深入的研究和探讨。
企业文化英文文献
Corporate Culture and the Bottom LineERIC FLAMHOLTZ, University of California at Los AngelesThe paper deals with the effects of corporate culture on financial performance. Previous authors have suggested that culture has an impact on financial performance. Unlike previous studies which have only examined the effects of culture on financial performance using cross sectional data, this study was done in a single organization. The company had twenty relatively comparable divisions, and provides a somewhat rare, if not unique, opportunity to assess the effects of corporate culture on financial performance. The results, using a regression analysis, suggest that there is a statistically significant relationship (at 0.05 level) between culture and financial performance (measured by ‘EBIT,’ or earnings before interest and taxes). Thus these results provide support for the previously hypothesized relationship between culture and financial performance with significant implications for management theory and practice 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Corporate culture, Organizational performance, Financial performanceDuring the past decade it has become recognized that ‘corporate culture’ has a significant impact on overall organizational performance (Siehl and Martin, 1990; Kotter and Heskett, 1992).Explicitly or implicitly, it has been presumed that corporate culture affects the overall financial performance of a firm.In spite of this presumption, there has been very little empirical research dealing with the financial effects of corporate culture. In one notable exception, Kotter and Heskett (1992) conducted macro-level research on different companies, and compared samples of (a priori) ‘strong culture companies’ with‘weak culture companies’ (1992, p. 19) from 22 different industries.However, neither they nor others have done much research on the effects of culture on financial performance of a single firm. In part, this might be due to the difficulties of gaining a suitable research site. Nevertheless, there is a gap in our understanding of this phenomenon. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is to report the results of a field study of the impact of corporate culture on the ‘bottom line,’ or financial performance, of a firm. It presents the results of a relatively singular opportunity to investigate the relationship between corporate culture and financial performance in a single firm.The Nature of CultureThe concept of corporate culture has become embedded in management vocabulary and thought. Although there are many different definitions of the concept, the central notion is that culture relates to core organizational values. In turn, values are things which are important to organizations and underpin decisions and behavior. All organizations have cultures or sets of values which influence the way people behave in a variety of areas, such as treatment of customers, standards of performance, innovation, etc. An increasing number of successful organizations have, at least in part, attributed their success to effective culture management. For example, Starbucks Coffee Company, which has grown from just two retail stores in Seattle (USA) to more than 2500 stores world-wide during the past decade, views culture as a c ritical factor in the organization’s success (Schultz and Yang, 1997; Flamholtz and Randle, 1998). Specifically, the company’s paradigm is that: ‘the way we treat our people affects theyway our people treat our customers, and, in turn, our success, which includes financial performance.’ This belief has led the company to a number of human resource practices that are designed to enhance people’s feeling of being valued by the company. These include the widespread use of stock options and the practice of providing full benefits to all employees who work more than 20 hours per week. There are many areas in which corporate culture influences behavior and decision-making. However, there appear to be four key areas in which all organizations must manage their culture or values: (1) the treatment of customers, (2) the treatment of an organization’s own people or human capital, (3) standards of organizational performance, and (4) notions of accountability. These are the ‘key areas of cultural concern’ for all organ izations. Naturally, there are also many other areas of organizational performance that are of concern, but these tend to be more idiosyncratic to specific firms. Such additional areas can include beliefs with respect to innovation, corporate citizenship, openness to change, as well as others.Culture and Organizational PerformanceThe basic paradigm underlying the notion that culture affects performance is based upon a few key ideas. The first is that culture affects goal attainment. More specifically, com panies with ‘strong’ cultures are more likely to achieve their goals than those with relatively ‘weak’ cultures. So-called‘strong-culture organizations’ are thought to have a higher degree of organizational success (measured in market value or other financial measures of performance), because of a believed link to motivation. As stated by Kotter and Heskett, strong cultures are often said to help business performance because they create an unusual level of motivation in employees (1992, p.16).In addition to the hypothesized relationship between culture and financial performance, culture also has come to be viewed as component of other organizational effectiveness or success models (Flamholtz and Randle, 1998, 2000). It has been theorized that the role of culture, as part of a six factor framework, explains organizational effectiveness and, in turn, financial performance (Flamholtz, 1995; Flamholtz and Randle, 1998, 2000). Specifically, culture has been viewed as a critical organizational development area, or key strategic building block, of successful organizations. This framework has, in turn, been supported by further empirical research (Flamholtz and Aksehirli, 2000).Research QuestionThe general research question this article addresses is: Is there a relationship between a corporate culture and the financial performance of an organization? There was also a more specific research question in the context of this study. We were interested in determining the relationship between: (1) the extent to which people in the divisions accepted the stated culture of the company and (2) the company’s financial performance.ResultsThe data derived and used in this comparison are shown in a graph in Figure 3. The x-axis shows a‘divisional agreement with corporate culture score.’ This is a measure of the degree of similarity between the desired corporate culture and the culture perceived to exist in each division. It can be viewed as a measure of cultural ‘buy-in’ by the divisions. The y-axis presents EBIT values for the various divisions.Appendix ABanner’s Cultural PrinciplesFor your reference, the following principles define the culture that Banner desires.Our Vision... To become the leading component supplier to the capital and durable goods industries on a global basis.Our Customers...❖We view our customers as the most important element in our business. We will listen to our customers.❖We will make business decisions with our customer’s perspective in mind.This means that we commit to thinking from an ‘outside-in’ perspective vs. th inking primarily from an internal perspective about what works best for us.❖We will treat all customers with respect. Although we may have different standards for thelevel of service we give to selected customers, we value ALL of our customers and will treat them professionally.❖We will keep our commitments to customers.❖We will use the customer’s measurements as our‘scorecard.’❖We will strive to exceed the customer’s expectations.We want to ‘delight’ our customers. To differentiate ourselves from our competition, we need to try to exceed customer’s expectations. This doesNOT mean that we will accept unreasonable requests from our customers or that we are committedto providing services that the customer will not pay for.Our People...❖Our peop le are Banner’s most valuable asset.❖We will be known for having the best people in our industry.❖At Banner, we will treat people with respect and preserve human dignity.❖We will provide a safe, clean and challenging work environment for all of our people.❖We will invest in the development of our people. We encourage people to pursue continuous personal improvement, enabling them to grow with the company.❖We will be equitable in hiring, compensation, and promotion.❖We value every employee’s inpu t.❖We will communicate openly with our employees.Performance Standards and Accountability...❖We will continuously improve in everything we do and will strive to be ‘best in class’.We will measure our performance against the highest standards. Perfection is our ultimate goal.We will also benchmark our performance against competitors.❖We expect everyone at Banner to act with honesty and integrity.Honesty is an absolute standard for all of our activities, including communication within Banner, communication with customers, and communication with external agencies. Anything less is unacceptable.❖Within Banner we will communicate clear expectations, evaluate results, give constructive feedback, and reward performance.We will implement corrective action plans when performance is less than expected.Low performance is unacceptable.We will hold business units accountable for achieving their plans.Teamwork and Communication...❖Open and timely communication on all issues (good and bad) is expected and encouraged.❖Asking for help is encouraged, and we expect assistance to be provided by anyone who has theability to help.❖We want to be recognized as Banner by everyone (customers, employees, suppliers, shareholders, and the communities in which we operate).❖All divisions will use the official Banner logo as their logo.❖At all levels of the organization, we expect decisions to be made based on what is best for Banner.In making decisions at the division level, managers will first consider what is best for Banner —before considering what is best for the division.Corporate Citizenship...❖Banner will be a good citizen of the communities in which we operate.❖We will be visible within the community.Whenever feasible, business units will make charitable contributions and participate in local civic organizations.We want our business units to be successful, so that good jobs are maintained within their local communities.❖We will be a good neighbor in maintaining plant appearance and complying with environmental standards.We will find ways to be a good neighbor, while at the same time running an economically viable plant.。
《云南白药企业文化建设研究文献综述》
云南白药企业文化建设研究国内外文献综述1.国外相关研究现状现代管理学之父、美国学者彼得·德鲁克早在二十世纪七十年代初就提出：“管理，应以文化为基础”，在他的著作《管理：任务、责任、实践》一书中他谈到一个管理观点：“管理并不是同文化无关的，它是一种社会职能，既要承担社会责任，又要植根于社会文化之中”（沈泽宇,陆心怡, 俞明,2021）。
七十年代末至八十年代初，美英企业经济迅速崛起，其经济实力的强大对美国、西欧等其他国家的经济造成了巨大的竞争压力，在这种形势下，各界人士以及各国学者们逐渐认识到企业文化的塑造对企业管理的影响。
上世纪八十年代初期是国外企业文化理论研究的鼎盛时期，在这段时间内，加州大学美籍日裔管理学家威廉·乔治·大内最早提出了企业文化概念，他出版的著作《Z 理论—美国企业界怎样迎接美英企业的挑战》一书，通过深入对比分析美国和美英企业在企业管理和文化方式上存在的差异，分析了企业管理和文化构建的关系，提出了关于组织发展的Z理论以及Z型组织的概念(任雅琪,萧天佑, 邹雨华,2020)，其认为企业的控制机制是完全被文化所包容的，而信任和微妙性是一种优秀的企业文化特质，是提高生产率的关键，除此之外，威廉·大内还认为，传统与气氛两方面组成了一个公司的文化，而且企业文化就意味着一个公司的价值观，是确定活动、意见和行为模式的价值观(姚文博,方昊然, 翟语晨, 姜宇)。
同一时期，理查德·帕斯卡尔和安东尼·阿索斯通过将美英企业优秀企业与美国的主要企业的经营管理方式进行了详细的对比，并结合美英企业迅速崛起的，诸如松下等优秀企业实际案例，对此类企业快速兴盛的主要原因和一些特征因素进行深入的分析研究，得出了美英企业优秀企业的兴盛与其在企业建设管理中，注重文化建设中的软性因素(姚文博,方昊然, 翟语晨, 姜宇,2018)：即人员、作风和技能等方面存在诸多优势这一重要结论。
企业文化建设 英文参考文献
企业文化建设英文参考文献IntroductionCorporate culture refers to the collective values, beliefs, goals, and practices that shape the behavior and perception of an organization. It is one of the critical elements that differentiate one organization from the other. Culture has a significant impact on every aspect of an organization, such as employee engagement, productivity, and overall performance. Therefore, it is essential to develop a positive culture that aligns with the organization's goals and values. Effective corporate culture building requires a commitment at all levels of the organization, from top management to front-line employees. This paper provides a comprehensive review of significant works on corporate culture building.Impact of corporate cultureCorporate culture has a significant impact on the employees' behavior and the achievement of organizational goals. It provides a framework that guides the individual and collective decisions, behaviors, and perceptions of employees. Schumacher (2018) argues that corporate culture is the driving force behindhigh-performance organizations. He further argues that effective corporate culture-building practices create a sense of belonging, loyalty, and commitment among employees, which leads toincreased productivity and performance. This assertion is supported by the work of Denison (2012), who established through empirical research that corporate culture has a significant impact on organizational performance.Characteristics of effective corporate cultureAn effective corporate culture should be aligned with the organization's goals, values, and mission. Baker (2017) argues that culture should be designed to support the organization's strategy. In other words, culture should be purpose-driven. An effective culture should embody the principles of transparency, accountability, and fairness. A culture that promotes inclusivity and diversity leads to better organizational performance. Additionally, a culture that encourages open communication, collaboration, and innovation fosters an environment that nurtures ideas and promotes creativity.How to build corporate cultureBuilding an effective corporate culture requires a deliberate and systematic approach. The process should start with the identification of the organization's goals, values, and mission. This process should involve all stakeholders, including top management, employees, and external stakeholders such as customers. The next step is to define the cultural principles that align with the organizational goals and values. These cultural principles should be clearly stated and communicated to allstakeholders. It is essential to create a culture that allows for innovation, experimentation, and continuous learning.Leadership plays a critical role in shaping the corporate culture. Leaders should embody the cultural principles and lead by example. Leaders should inspire, motivate, and engage employees to embrace the culture. It is critical to establish a reward and recognition system that reinforces the cultural principles. Rewarding employees who embody the cultural values creates a sense of ownership, loyalty, and commitment.ConclusionEffective corporate culture-building practices are critical for defining the organization's identity, values, and mission. Corporate culture shapes the individual and collective behavior, perceptions, and decisions of employees. An effective corporate culture should be aligned with the organization's values and goals. Creating a positive culture that supports inclusivity, diversity, and innovation can lead to increased employee engagement, productivity, and organizational performance. Effective corporate culture building requires a commitment from all stakeholders, including top management, employees, and customers. It is critical to establish a deliberate and systematic approach to building the culture, which involves identifying the cultural principles, communicating them, and establishing a reward and recognition system that reinforces them. Leadership plays a critical role in shaping the corporate culture. Therefore, leadersshould embody the cultural principles and lead by example. Building a strong and positive corporate culture requires continuous effort and commitment.ReferencesBaker, R. (2017). The role of culture in generating and sustaining high performance. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communications, and Conflict, 21(1), 14-29.Denison, D. (2012). Corporate culture and organizational effectiveness. New York: Wiley.Schumacher, C. (2018). Building the performance culture: A systematic approach to driving organizational success. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.。
外文文献翻译-工商管理企业文化
Corporate Culture and Enterprise Management FORM: Bryan M.Rakes. Corporate Culture and Enterprise Management[J].International Journal of Electronic Business.2017, (05):149-150 Abstract: the enterprise culture is a kind of spiritual wealth of an enterprise from the establishment to operation, growth and development in the course of all accumulated, it reflects the enterprise management concept, development direction and strategic objectives, but also support the invisible power of enterprises continue to move forward, to constantly improve the enterprise management mode provides a thought the guide. To some extent, the innovation of enterprise culture and the innovation of enterprise management are complementary and inseparable. According to the relationship between enterprise culture and management innovation, based on the enterprise culture and the enterprise management on the basic concepts of preliminary understanding, influence on the innovation of enterprise culture to enterprise management innovation is discussed.Keywords enterprise; cultural innovation; management innovation; influence;企业文化与企业管理来源：Bryan M.Rakes.企业文化与企业管理[J].国际电子商务杂志.2017,(05):149-150摘要：企业文化是一个企业从成立到运营、成长和发展全部历程中所积累的一种精神财富，它是企业经营理念、发展方向以及战略目标的集中体现，也是支撑企业不断前行的无形动力，为企业经营管理模式的不断完善提供着思想上的指导。
企业文化参考文献
企业文化参考文献企业文化是组织内部的共同价值观、信仰和行为准则的集合，对员工的行为、工作态度以及组织的运作方式产生深远影响。
以下是一些关于企业文化的参考文献，这些文献可以帮助您更深入地了解和研究这一主题：* 《企业文化与领导力》（作者：埃德加·H·谢因）: * 这本书深入研究了企业文化对组织绩效和领导力的影响。
谢因通过案例研究和实证研究，阐述了企业文化如何塑造组织的成功。
* 《从内到外：创造卓越的企业文化》（作者：托尼·希舍）: * 托尼·希舍是谷歌前人才招聘主管，他分享了如何在组织中建立和培养积极、健康的企业文化。
这本书包含实用的建议和案例研究。
* 《企业文化的故事：领导力的重要性》（作者：约翰·P·科特斯）:* 这本书讨论了企业文化如何塑造组织，并强调了领导力在塑造文化方面的关键作用。
作者通过许多实例和经验分享，解释了领导者在创造积极文化方面的作用。
* 《企业文化和领导力》（作者：埃德加·H·谢因）: * 这是另一本由谢因撰写的经典之作，深入探讨了企业文化的形成、发展以及领导者如何引导文化变革。
该书提供了实用的建议和案例。
* 《内部创业精神：如何在组织中培养企业家精神》（作者：理查德·布兰森）:* 这本书关注企业文化中的内部创业精神。
作者理查德·布兰森提供了关于如何在组织内部激发创新和创业思维的观点和方法。
这些文献涵盖了从企业文化的理论基础到实际实践的多个层面，有助于深入了解和研究企业文化的方方面面。
当然，不同的作者和观点会提供不同的视角，您可以根据自己的兴趣和研究方向选择适合您需求的文献。
企业文化相关书籍文献
企业文化相关书籍文献
以下是一些有关企业文化的重要书籍和文献：
1. 《企业文化的编写与组织构成》- 埃德加·H·谢恩
这本书是研究企业文化和组织发展的经典之作，提供了细致的研究，揭示了企业文化对组织绩效和员工满意度的影响。
2. 《从优秀到伟大》- 吉姆·柯林斯
这本书通过对11家美国企业的研究，探讨了企业如何通过培养健康的企业文化来实现长期的高绩效。
3. 《企业文化与领导力》- 肯尼思·H·布兰切德
该书提供了一种不同的视角，探讨了企业文化和领导力之间的关系，并提供了实践性的指导，帮助领导者在企业中建立和塑造积极的文化。
4. 《乌合之众》- 古斯塔夫·勒庞
尽管不是专门关于企业文化的书籍，但这本书提供了有关大众心理学和集体行为的重要观点，对于理解企业文化中的群体机制和动力非常有帮助。
5. 《创新的艺术》- 托尼·丹尼格
该书提供了一种从创新和设计的角度来思考企业文化的方法，讨论了如何在企业中营造创新和创造性思维的文化。
6. 《服务的本质》- 马特·莱昂尼、卡尔·贝尔德曼、斯科特·韦斯特
这本书探讨了建立以客户需求为中心的企业文化的重要性，并提供了实用的方法和策略来改善企业的服务质量。
7. 《企业之魂》- 大前研一
该书主张以人为本的企业文化，强调人与价值观的关系，并通过真实案例揭示了企业文化对企业成功的重要性。
以上是一些有关企业文化的重要书籍和文献，它们提供了深入理解和实践企业文化的理论基础和实用指导。
请根据自己的需求和兴趣选择合适的阅读材料。
《企业跨国并购的文化整合研究的国内外文献综述》2700字
企业跨国并购的文化整合研究的国内外文献综述目录企业跨国并购的文化整合研究的国内外文献综述 (1)1．国外研究 (1)（1）关于文化差异对并购绩效的影响研究 (1)（2）关于跨国并购进行文化整合的必要性研究 (2)（3）关于文化整合模式的研究 (2)2．国内研究 (2)（1）关于文化差异对并购绩效的影响研究 (2)（2）关于跨国并购进行文化整合的必要性研究 (2)（3）关于文化整合模式的研究 (3)3．评述 (3)参考文献： (3)1．国外研究西方学者首先意识到文化整合对跨国并购的重要影响，并进行了深入的研究。
上世纪九十年代，企业之间的竞争日益激烈，企业文化受到更多学者的关注，越来越多的管理者意识到文化对企业发展的重要作用。
对于并购，尤其是跨国并购，文化差异是否会对跨国并购产生影响，如何使两个完全相反的企业文化整合在一起，国外学者进行了众多研究。
（1）关于文化差异对并购绩效的影响研究Lan等（2015）通过研究中国1997-2010年发生的跨国并购案例发现，文化差异的存在，会对发展中国家跨国并购产生影响【1】，表现在吸收西方企业先进的文化完善自身文化，但也同时指出，西方企业文化较为强势时，会对发展中国家的企业产生抵触。
Buckley(2012)通过分析认为，相似的企业文化能减少交流的冲突，有助于并购之后的管理，促进跨国并购成功【2】，企业文化差距较大容易引发冲突，表现在交流的障碍，文化的不认同，管理的分歧，影响并购绩效。
Hajro（2015）通过研究指出，社会成员在不同的背景里会形成不同的认知和人际关系，受此影响下，不同的民族文化和企业文化会阻碍跨国并购预期目标的实现【3】，面对冲突不能简单的忽略、放任，而是要相互吸收、扬弃和改进。
Hasan等（2016）结合多个案例总结得出，跨国并购的绩效受地域、人文、习惯的影响，差距过大甚至会产生负面作用【4】。
Sung Jun Lee（2014）在对沃尔沃并购韩国三星的案例中分析得出，并购的过程中员工面对不同的企业文化和冲突的感知伴随着从开始到结束【5】。
企业文化中英文对照外文翻译文献
企业文化中英文对照外文翻译文献企业文化中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)The Corporate Culture Rebuilding of E-business With the development of large-scale e-business, The E-commerce culture comes into being. It is an enterprise that produces a new value. The new integration of internal resources of the enterprises, which reduces transaction costs and improves efficiency. And it can short the cycle of production, and get many other benefits. Also it challenges on the existing corporate culture. The rise of e-commerce is a means of rapid development of technology that leads business models change. The survival of traditional economic activities, the means of operation and the management mechanisms have changed completely. The traditional corporate culture also faces a big strike.First, the Contribution to the Enterprise Value of Corporate CultureCultural phenomenon is a symbol of civilized country and a major witness of the nation. Broader culture includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs and every person as a member of the social to obtain ability and habit, including the complex whole. The survival and development of the enterprise plays an important role as a "sub culture" of the corporate culture. Corporate culture is the product of a market economy and commodity economy, embodying the objective laws of market economy. It reflects the company's competitive practices, competitive spirit and overall image. The enterprise culture is the company's management philosophy, enterprises face in whichthe social and business environment in the long-term production of business activities. And it gets all employees accept and agree to honor, which fights for a set of informal rules of success. It shows a kind of management philosophy and business practice to achieve through what kind of target. It is an important part of economic management. Corporate culture means a company's value, and these values become a norm of behavior of employees’ activities.How to increase profits, reduce costs and expenses is the origin of the corporate culture. Its meaning is how to enable enterprises to effectively integrate resources in order to achieve external flexibility and realize sustainable development in the competition. Corporate culture for the enterprises to develop cultural managementindicates a clear direction. The foreign competition environment for building highly adaptable and responding quickly to change is the final purpose of enterprise culture, according to environmental behavior capacities, which in fact is the company, owned by the external competitive environment by the needs of internal resources the ability to integrate and use. Corporate culture should promote the formation of the capacity of the system and maintain a good system. Many Chinese companies, for example, Haier, Lenovo, and so on, the secret of enterprise success is to develop a set of corporate and business philosophy that forms its own unique corporate culture.1, the corporate culture reflects the company's image and spirit. Establishing a good corporate image needs support of Modern business, from leadership to staff quality, from product quality to management facilities, from the environment to the product development, infiltrating cultural factors, and allreflecting the corporate image. Good corporate image (the "goodwill") is an intangible wealth and assets to display the "brand effect", which wins the social and public support, in line with modern public relations and marketing theory. From the modern management theory, it reflects the spirit of enterprise groups and the ideal goal, showing the direction of development of enterprises and business purposes. It is on behalf of the company's future prospects; so that every member company can voluntarily contribute to the achievement of organizational goals, from the enterprises in the fierce competition in technology press "beautiful and fragrant flowers."2, the corporate culture as in the business as a new management theory to play an extremely rebuilding role.First, creating a environment for flexible coordination of business operations, the corporate social systems as a subsystem, continuously with the surrounding environment material, energy and information exchange, social environment is relatively more objective. And enterprises need to adapt to environmental changes, researching the laws and requirements of environmental change, a clear tendency of economic development compatible with the social needs and potential demand, which improve the enterprise's various weaknesses and adjust to business strategy, creating a new corporate culture, and environment interaction to achieve dynamic balance that creates a cycle of market environment, promoting the restructuring of joint-stock company into the future state of healthy function.Second, it is conducive to the formation of the values of their all operation. The development of corporate culture as the underlying motivation, its values is the core of corporate culture.And it is a business organization and the basic concepts and beliefs. For enterprises, the core task is how the market to survive and provide consumers with appropriate products and services. The core mission of business does not automatically guarantee a corporate member with a common objective. Values established by the company code of conduct for employees defined in an extremely successful and the objective pursuit.Third, it helps to improve the all quality and foster corporation. The composition of the corporate culture includes ideology, culture, technology, culture, management culture, quality culture and entertainment culture. On the one hand, the culture of integration promotes the improvement of the quality of the entire staff. Because the influence of a common culture, the formation of a common awareness and behavior-oriented preserves and maintains the unity, cooperation, the harmony between employee relations, the objective to strengthen the unity, the overall development of the performance.3, the business culture is a kind of meaning. It is different from the surrounding environment of the enterprise as a system. Its internal mechanisms of the coordinated operation of the corporate culture can not be separated. On the one hand, a direct effect on corporate culture, employee code of conduct, professional ethics and clip point, nurture and develop the corporate culture, which improves the cohesion and solidarity, increasing employee’s satisfaction, sense of identity and belonging. On the other hand, the corporate culture of the major decisions of business, the company's long-term goals and strategies as well as the implementation of rules and regulations have not be underestimated.Second, the Building of Corporate Culture, the Need forChangeIn the 21st century, the enterprise culture of Chinese business faces multiple challenges: the arrival of knowledge economy, the corporate culture, the question ofhow to enhance the value of knowledge, knowledge workers how to deal with new issues; market-oriented reform, making the planned economy era the formation of corporate culture and old ways, old routines often fail; and the rise of network technology, but also for the birth of a new corporate culture provides a weapon. Sentence: mechanism changed, times have changed, technology has changed, so many companies are faced with reshaping corporate culture. Gerstner saved Big Blue, the first is to explicitly change the corporate culture of IBM's basic values, the creation of IBM's culture, which is "strive to win (Win)" "fast execution (Execute)" and "team spirit (Team) ". Gerstner said, " as IBM's leaders, of course you need to lead the planning and specific projects, but your responsibilities also include leading the staff, the establishment of work teams, and the creation of high-performance corporate culture." GE Jack Welch, former CEO also said: "Our vitality curve is able to function effectively, because we spent a decade in our enterprise to establish a performance culture."From our point of view of corporate culture development status, can only say that the end is still in a relatively level, the "corporate culture strategy" did not receive due attention, the cultivation of corporate culture, lack of guidance systems theory, corporate culture, most of the traditional culture in the enterprise the epitome of such enterprises often lack vitality, dead, suffering from a lack of excellent sense, may be severe centrifugal serious. Overall there are more defects in our corporate culturephenomenon with error, our corporate culture common errors are:1, the phenomenon of cultural obscurantism. Such phenomenon is common in those autocratic leaders or operational problems of the enterprise. Performance of the leaders of the extreme stress on certain cultural values, education and means to promote radical. It is because the causes of most of the leaders hope to achieve within the enterprise.2, no cultural phenomenon. Usually presents companies have a very strict system and the various rules and regulations. The system provides for employees to do and not do, but there is no clear cultural ideas and values advocate, neglect of education and training of employees. Such phenomena generate up to industrial manufacturingcompanies, most of the causes of quality is not high because the leaders themselves, or lack of understanding of corporate culture. Or want to cover up some kind of cult of the individual facts. Such enterprises are usually easy to produce leaders of the blind worship or silent on the situation.3, the ideal culture phenomenon. It is common in those with young people as the main force of the emerging entrepreneurial companies. Manifestations of these companies will make some unrealistic ambitions and cultural ideals, its advocacy of the concept will be a kind of beyond the enterprise to transform the world's sense of mission. "Great and empty," the slogan of the people beyond the reach; grand, lofty goals often lack a unified real objective basis. Most of the causes of such phenomena is that leaders have too lofty ideals and the lack of work basket for fruits of the spirit. Performance of the majority of such employees are passionate emotion, but may have overlooked the immediatesituation and today what to do evil.In addition, many corporate culture inhibits the human personality, in the enterprise is only concerned about people's "collective", denied the people's imagination and creativity, produced under the concept of small-scale production of "collectivism", it is difficult to form business cohesion.Now the competition is intense, and survival of the fittest as the new rules of the game, our company's corporate culture than the United States, Japan has lagged behind many, if not catch up now, defeat in the competition will be inevitable. Therefore, the new corporate culture and change the shape of a project is China's enterprises not wait for new topics.Third, the age of electronic commerce to shape and change our corporate culture, the idea of1, analysis of internal and external factors, refined culture and a culture of innovation speedIn the era of e-commerce business to choose what kind of a core value is to create the most important issue of corporate culture. Information economy is the "speed economy", the speed has become a tool to improve competitiveness. The emergence of the Internet makes the world changes faster and faster, can be described by leapsand bounds. Internet-based e-commerce can thus quickly understand market information, quickly and easily collect customer needs, extensive product information, complete the online transactions in real-time settlement, a large number of business activities can be instantaneous, the production efficiency has been greatly to improve. In short, information technology and network technology makes extensive use of e-commerce enterprises to enter the market, the threshold can begreatly reduced. Now the world is talking about innovation, because in today's economic environment, the only constant rule is everything is changing. In this regard, any organization or business if you do not always change and innovation, it is impossible to maintain their competitive advantage. "No innovation, on the death", innovation has become a corporate existence and development of important, and that only through its own innovation and certainty in order to deal with the uncertainty of rapid change. In the information context, the role of innovation has been an unprecedented strengthening, and sublimated into a social theme. In the age of electronic commerce, innovation has become the source of the vitality of enterprises, the traditional production scale, cost advantages and other factors will not decide the future, companies only through continuous innovation to survival and development. Conservative and conservative, is simply not in the fierce market competition based on the enterprise in the future in order to have a place in the global competition, we must break through the traditional idea of imprisonment and mindset, bold innovation, firmly grasp the ever-changing business opportunities.2, new ideas, to shape employee behavior.Shaping the behavior of employees is a corporate culture an important part. For those who play the leading role in e-commerce companies, the most is neither a shortage of raw materials, nor money; neither the technology nor the emerging markets, but lack of talent. The twinkling of an eye and talent for the future to plug the wings of imagination. ? McKinsey & Company, president of the United States Ed Michaels said: "is not difficult to raise funds, a smart business strategy can be imitated.Technology half-life has been shortened for many of today's companies, talent is the primary competitive advantage factor. " Today, managers realize that in today'seconomic globalization, e-commerce and network speed of the global market, ownership of talent from the established elite business decisions quickly is critical. E-commerce businesses depend on employees' ingenuity and initiative to make closer to consumers, the decision to market faster response.E-commerce, focusing on service, but electronic means. E-commerce can also be said of electronic services, the Internet to the service of humanity, the core service is not technology, but the corporate culture, quality of the staff; Internet economy is the service economy, rather than the technical and economic, the network platform for consumer transactions, environment is not a merchandise display; manufacturers not simply suppliers or vendors, but service providers, who have better service than anyone else, who earn more money.In the new e-commerce environment, the most successful companies in the past only to give new employees to enjoy the respect of customers: their equality through the creation of an elite management system to meet the employees engaged in meaningful work and the desire to create wealth. They generously reward employees for good performance, not just cash, but also allow them to have ownership of enterprises, 3, the leader personally, keep valuesIn decision-making behavior in e-commerce businesses, innovation is very important. First, the organizational structure to be from the original pyramid, top-down, hierarchical control structure of the network to the new organizational structure transformation. Second, the management focus from capitalmanagement to knowledge management. Knowledge management is the use of collective wisdom to improve responsiveness and innovation. Third, the new management ideas and methods are emerging. In the information age and network conditions, the new economy and created many new management ideas and management methods, such as flexible manufacturing, distributed manufacturing, agile manufacturing, business process reengineering, learning organizations, manufacturing resource planning and other new ideas and new methods .The founder of e-business and business operations will encounter variousunexpected difficulties and frustrations: such as financial risk, trading risk, and increasingly competitive market, if subjected to any eventuality, no toughness will completely collapse. Therefore, entrepreneurs should be afraid of failure, afraid of setbacks and indomitable courage, devotion to the cause should be, afraid of risk, risk-taking spirit.电子商务企业文化重建随着网络时代电子商务大规模发展，电子商务企业文化随之产生，它在一个企业产生一种新的价值观，使企业内部资源得到从新整合，在为企业降低交易成本，提高效率，缩短生产周期等诸多好处的同时，也对已有的企业文化发起了挑战。
国外企业文化研究进展
国外企业文化研究进展国外企业文化研究进展企业文化是指在一定的社会经济条件下通过社会实践所形成的并为全体成员遵循的共同意识、价值观念、职业道德、行为规范和准则的总和(Schein,1984)，是一个企业或一个组织在自身发展过程中形成的以价值为核心的独特的文化管理模式。
企业文化是社会文化与组织管理实践想融合的产物。
企业文化是西方管理理论在经历了“经济人”、“社会人”、“自我实现人”与“复杂人”假设之后，对组织的管理理念、管理过程与组织长期业绩的关系的又一次重新审视。
十九世纪末到本世纪初,西方工业化发展到以大机器和生产流水线为主要生产方式的阶段，企业经营者主要关心的问题是生产效率和投入产出比,在这种条件下,泰勒的科学管理模式和韦伯的“科层制”的应用就导致了一系列理性化的管理实践,但是，它们都是基于“理性经济人”的假设，认为人的行为动机就是为了满足自己的私利，工作是为了得到经济的报酬。
科学管理理论对当时的工业化进程产生了深远的影响。
本世纪二十年代到三十年代,“霍桑实验”使人们注意到组织中的人际关系、非正式群体等因素对组织效益的影响，开始关注包括自我实现在内的人的社会性需要，于是导致了一系列激励理论的出现。
这些理论强调人际关系在管理中的重要性，以人的社会性为基础，提出用“社会人”的概念来代替“经济人”的假设。
系统论的应用和权变理论的发展导致了西方组织管理在七十年代的“战略热”和“系统热”，即重点由组织内部的管理转向战略管理，强调组织结构和系统的协调与适应能力（徐联仓，1993）。
八十年代初，随着日本企业的崛起，人们注意到了文化差异对企业管理的影响，进而发现了社会文化与组织管理的融合——企业文化，它是企业发展到一定阶段，企业领导人将其在企业创业阶段关于经营理念、基本假设等达成的共识用于对组织管理过程中包括文化、价值和心理因素在内等的非结构性因素的一种整合，并使之成为一个组织或企业独具个性化的管理模式，以文化的力量推动着组织和企业的长期发展。
【“以人为本”的企业文化研究国内外文献综述2600字】
“以人为本”的企业文化研究国内外文献综述（一）国外文献综述“人力资源管理”这个概念首先是在1954年由Peter Drucker在《管理实践》一书中引入的。
组织的管理由此进入一个新的时代。
一系列围绕着组织中员工的开发与管理系统已初见雏形，并在不断发展和完善中。
近些年来，现代的人力资源管理理论传入中国，得到了广泛的传播和应用，因此对于这方面的研究也很多，渐成显学。
Tervonen K(2012)指出推行以人为本的人力资源管理，可以使员工的分配更科学，员工也能在公平的环境中去发展自己，且可通过企业的培训，提高自己的技能等。
企业人员的流动率的降低主要是以员工对工作是否有较高的满意度为标准。
随着市场经济的飞速发展、竟争的日趋激烈，在企业中，人力资源管理的作用越来越重要，人力资源管理也有了更深入的发展。
Vloeberghs D（2013）认为企业的发展中，人力资源管理小仅是各企业管理者的责任，而且也是企业长期发展的必然要求。
在企业中，人员的流动是比较正常的，如果员工流失过度则会使企业的发展受到一定的阻碍。
尤其是起关键作用的技术人员、管理人员等的流失，会使企业的经济有更大的损失。
推行以人为本的人力资源管理，小仅可以使员工的分配更合理，而且也可以提高员工对工作的满意度使企业人员的流动率减少。
Peter F·Drucke（2014）《管理的实践》认为很多民营企业引入了绩效管理与考核体系。
但实践的结果是，绩效管理的效果不明显，没有起到应有的作用。
这主要有两个方面的原因：一是缺乏准确的目标定位和分解。
二是企业的所有者或经营者习惯于自己决定企业的一切事务，不让职工参与绩效考核指标的确定和分解，不向职工反馈考核结果及工作中存在的问题现代企业讲求的是一种活的资源开发，意在通过有效而正确的激励技巧，激发出每个人内在的活力，使之潜能最大限度地释放出来。
企业要想获得持续的发展，关键是必须吸引并留住更多企业需要的人才。
企业文化建设外文翻译文献
企业文化建设外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Enterprise culture:necessary in promoting enterpriseSteven CarterThe paper investigates the effects of the Zimbabwean national culture on enterprise development. In-depth interviews were carried out with fifteen entrepreneurs and seven members of the community whose role was to support entrepreneurs. It was established that the national culture impeded enterprise development and the factors identified are: bad debt culture, let's-pull-him-downsyndrome, dependency syndrome, high living, and absence of role models, refusal to accept entrepreneurship, employing relatives and poor quality goods and services. To promote enterprise development, countries need to identify factors that make up the national culture. The paper also identifies the desired enterprise culture.INTRODUCTIONEarlier research on enterprise development mainly focused on the personal characteristics/traits of the individual, such as the need for achievement, locus of control, the ability to take risk, etc (McClelland, 1962; McClelland and Winter, 1969; Bellu, 1988; Rotter, 1966). Curran (1994) argued that traits alone were inadequate to explain entrepreneurship, and some found no direct link between traits and entrepreneurial behaviour (Bird, 1988; Guth, 2001). Hence, further research moved on to considering the environmental factors (political, cultural, economic, regulations and policies) that affect enterprise development. It was argued that countries desiring to promote enterprise development need to address these environmental factors (Telantino, 1995; UNCTAD, 1995; Gnyawaii, 1994; Bird, 1989; Chell, 1985; Vaselainen, 1999).Enterprise development has been viewed as a means of reducing unemployment, easing other social problems and as the best way of creating wealth in a country (Nolan, 2003; Storey, 2000). As a result of the above reasons, both developing and developed countries have embraced enterprise development.Like many other countries, Zimbabwe has run enterprise development programmes, created and adopted policies aimed at creating a conducive environment for enterprise development. Unfortunately, the efforts to promote enterprise development in Zimbabwe have not been successful(Mlambo, 2000; UNDP, 2000).The paper explores the factors that make up the Zimbabwean national culture relating to enterprise development. It also establishes the effects that these factors have had on enterprise development.LITERATURE REVIEWCulture is defined as a set of historically evolved, learned values, attitudes and meanings shared by the members of a given community, that inlluence their material and non-material way of life (Tayeb, 1988). These evolve through different stages of socialisation, through institutions like family, religion, formal education etc. It was further asserted that different cultures influence enterprise development differently (Hofstede, 1991). Furthermore, others believe that the national culture should be included when discussing enterprise development of the country (Wortzel, 1997; Morrison,2000). For example, it was believed that enterprise development success in USA was as a result of its culture that promotes individualism (De Pillis eta/, 1998; Wong, 2001), while failure of enterprise development in Ireland was as a result ofa culture that promotes conformity to the status quo (DePillis, 1998). In India, enterprise development encountered problems due to a culture that promoted spiritual harmony and acceptance of destiny (Dana, 2000). Similarly, entrepreneurship has not succeeded in countries where it has a bad image, where entrepreneurs are viewed as greedy, unkind, thieves, exploiters of people etc (Joyant and Warner, 1996; Morrison, 2000; Bateman, 1997). On the other hand, entenrise development succeeds in a nation that embraces it, where it is viewed as a noble way of life and especially where failure is not demonised by the society (Morrison, 2000; Wong 2001; De Pillis, 1998; Nolan, 2003). Enterprise success has also been recorded in countries where there are role models who would inspire others (De Pillis, 1998). Role models can even be members of one's immediate or extended family (Gibb, 1996). Therefore, countries can attempt to promote enterprise development by accepting and elevating the societal rolemodels and raising the practical support given to entrepreneurs (Raynolds, 1991; Specht, 1993).Entrepreneurs who enjoy 'high-living' at the expense of their enterprises have difficulties in succeeding (Spring, 1998). In both developed and developing countries, some graduates dislike being associated with working for Small to Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and self-employment. This makes it difficult for some countries to promote enterprise as it is not accepted by the very people who have the best capacity to succeed as business people and Morrison (2000) argues that formal education system is to be blamed for producing conformists and not entrepreneurs. To address this, Stevenson (1996) argues that entrepreneurship should be taught from a young age, in schools and colleges.Meyanathan (1994) demonstrated the difficulties in promoting enterprise in a country that favours a certain group of people over others; because the ones favoured will develop a sense of entitlement, whilst the neglected resent the entire system.Literature researched has discussed different aspects of culture that have affected enterprise development, but there has not been a comprehensive catalogue of these factors that make up a national culture relating to enterprise development. Hence, this paper explores the factors that make up the national culture, and, in particular, those relating to enterprise development in Zimbabwe.RESEARCH METHODThe paper seeks to explore and explain the cultural factors that have negatively affected enterprise development in Zimbabwe. There is need to answer the questions, what are the national cultural factors that have affected enterprise development in Zimbabwe, how have they affected it and why? Hence, an interpretive approach was adopted (Carson, 2001). Within interpretivism, a qualitative research approach was used. This approach allows the inclusion of tacit knowledge and experience of the researcher throughout the research process. Based on the qualitative research method,non-probabilistic (purposeful) sampling was carried out, where the respondents pointed the researcher to the next respondent (Remenyi, 2001).This is called snowballing.The sample was made up of twenty-two respondents (elites). All respondents were 'elites' chosen for their expert knowledge (Remenyi,1998; Lincoln and Guba, 1990) of enterprise development in Zimbabwe.Among them were fifteen entrepreneurs and seven respondents whose occupations or activities supported entrepreneurs. The purpose for sampling the other seven'elites' was triangulation (Remenyi, 1998;Lincoln and Guba 1990; Carson 2001). There was needed to get a different view from that of entrepreneurs, that is, those who supported the work of entrepreneurs (from financial organisations, development and training organisations and the government). These respondents had supported entrepreneurs through financing, training etc. for at least six years. All entrepreneurs interviewed were business people who had started and managed their enterprises for more than six years.Consistent with this research approach, face-to-face in-depth interviews were carried out using an interview guide. The interview guide was based on the themes that had been obtained from literature and needed further exploration. Respondents were asked to identify and discuss all factors they believed had negatively affected enterprise development in Zimbabwe.The collected data was analysed using the thematic analysis, as described by Miles and Huberman (1994), and Wengraf (2001). The research was conducted in two phases. The initial phase culminated in establishing a list of cultural factors that have affected enterprise development. After the first round ofinterviews with the 22 respondents, their responses were analysed. The results were then subjected to further scrutiny by nine respondents who had taken part in the first round of interviews, and who were hence familiar with this research and considered able to provide the sound scrutiny. Furthermore, a programme that was established to promote enterprise development was also evaluated as a way of triangulation. It was a way to find if there was any convergence on the cultural factors mentioned by the entrepreneurs as having negatively affected enterprise development and those that had affected the programme. Therefore, the second round ofinterviews and an evaluation of the enterprise developing programme were to provide further verification, a way of improvingtrustworthiness and rigour.The research methodology adopted allows the researcher to use tacit knowledge and experience throughout the process; hence there will be instances (in presenting the findings) where some assertions are not sourced,but are attributed to the researchers' knowledge and experience of Zimbabwe.Consistent with the research method, in presenting findings of this research, a summary of the respondents' views is provided and to emphasise this position some quotations are included in the text and a sample of others can be found in.One respondent said: remember, our culture does not necessarily promote people who succeed. Success is not very much part of our culture.From the respondents' point of view, one of the reasons why enterprise development did not flourish in Zimbabwe was its national culture.The factors that make up the Zimbabwean national culture and have negatively affected enterprise development are: bad-debt culture, absence of role models, let's pull-him-down syndrome, dependency syndrome, poor quality goods and service delivery, refusing to accept entrepreneurship as a way of life, employing relatives (kith and kin) and high living.The above factors will now be elaboratedBad-debt CultureOne entrepreneur said: people do not payback because there is bad debt culture; it is bad debt culture, which we need to jight. United Merchant Bank (UMB) went under, it went down because people were not paying back, though the owner had wanted to help fellow indigenous people.Although some respondents held this view, it should be noted that non-payment was not the only reason why UMB went into liquidation.UMB was established at the height ofindigenisation and by an indigenous entrepreneur. UMB considered itself a champion ofindigenisation and accused the traditional multinational banks of failing to support indigenous entrepreneurs. On a weekly basis, this bank advertised in the national press, the need to indigenise and made the accusations mentioned above.According to UMB, the traditional banks' lending conditions were too strict and their demands could not be easily met by most indigenous entrepreneurs; for example,collateral and own contribution. Consequently,UMB urged them to follow its example of relaxing the borrowing requirements, where collateral was less emphasised than other aspects likeproject viability and management. As a result, good project proposals (on paper) were produced, received funding; unfortunately, money was not paid back and without collateral the bank could not recover its debts and it went into liquidation. As a result, depositors' funds were lost. In short,UMB did not follow prudent lending practice; hence, it is as much to blame as the borrowers who failed to pay back. UMB failed to take into cognisance the bad-debt cultural dimension among its borrowers.Enterprise Culture: Necessary In Promoting EnterpriseThere has been ample evidence to support this assertion. The research established that in 1992, the government made available Z$100 million to support indigenous businesses and the default rate for this money was about twenty eight percent (28%). In 1994, the government provided $400 million for indigenous enterprises and the default rate for this facility was about thirty two percent (32%). In 1997, the World Bank and the government made another 2$700 million available and the default rate was about thirty one percent (31%). In 2000, the government availed 2$4 billion as a revolving fund for enterprise development and by 2002 0nly $2billion could be revolved, the rest was lost to bad debtors. There are other examples, where certain individuals have borrowed from banks and not paid back. For example, Mr. Sibanda (not his real name) who is now a well known property mogul in Zimbabwe; has borrowed huge amounts from different banks to buy several companies (one company was a shoe making company, another manufacturing conglomerate, bought shares in a cement making company and others) and has been a bad debtor. Through his property developing company, he developed properties using borrowed money from a building society and did not pay back. The building society later on went into financial difficulties (not necessarily because of him alone) and had to be rescued by the Central Bank.The aspect of bad debt culture relates to the fact that entrepreneurs likeborrowing, but not paying back what they borrow. It was established that those who lend to the entrepreneurs face major challenges in collecting their debts from the borrowers. Respondents believed that many entrepreneurs are under the impression that one can borrow but not necessarily need to pay back. As a result of this culture and resultant behaviour, some programmes (including donor money mentioned above) that lent money to SMEs have had high default rates.Date Source: Steven Carter.Enterprise culture:necessary in promoting enterprise;less- ons from enterprise development in Zimbabwe[J]. Journal of Enterpring Culture,2006 (3):P177-198译文：企业文化：促进企业的必备要素史蒂文·卡特本论文研究的是津巴布韦国家文化对企业发展方面的影响。
企业文化外文参考文献
企业文化外文参考文献第一篇：企业文化外文参考文献Corporate CultureThe concept of enterprise cultureEnterprise culture is formed in the long-term of the venture and development process among the enterprise staf.They cultivate the common goal, the highest value standard, basic beliefs and behavior.It contains a very rich content, including business philosophy, value concept, the spirit of enterprise, enterprise morality, group consciousness, enterprise image, enterprise system.Its core is the spirit of the enterprise and values.The value of enterprise culture1.Enterprise culture affects the enterprise’s lifeCulture is informal.But it exist everywhere and every time.In the developing of an enterprise, things informal is more important than that of formal, software is usually more important the hardware.This is not only the character of modern economy, but also the outcome of enterprise culture’s effect in long time.Enterprise culture is the spirit of the enterprise, is the power that drives the enterprise developing, and is the best way for the enterprise to get the growth of its economy.The development needs culture and the culture can support the development.In any case, there will be no long time development without culture’ support.2.Enterprise culture builds the enterprise’s core competenceThe 1960’s the core content of enterprise competition is technology , in the 70 s, it is management, in the 80’ s, it is marketing, in the 90’s, it is the brand, and the21’st century the core competition between enterprises is the culture.Enterprise'sshort-term prosperity can get in so many ways, but the enterprise long time growth can be only from the power of the excellent enterprise culture, the effect of suitable culture on the development and growth of enterprises is huge, because it has infinite driving force on the staff.The spirit and ideas is the core of the enterprise’s culture.When a good enterprise culture establishment, it brings the wisdom of the group, the spirit of collaboration, fresh vitality, this is equivalent to for enterprise with a powerful engine for enterprise innovation and development, and can uninterruptedly supply spiritual power for the enterprise.Culture the best way to mobilize the staff of an enterprise.It brings staff home feeling in their work.It is the resource of the cohesive power inside and the expansionary force outside of the enterprise.The concept of brand culture Brand culture is the core of brand value, it include the value concept, grade, appeal, express feelings of the brand, the value of the brand culture is that it brings items of the brand to the flourish spirit world of human being.Brand culture not only can bring people good feeling but also improve the core competence of the brand.Brand culture mainly has three level content: the first level is the brand value system, which is made up of a series of concept of brand owners and operators, including the pursuit of quality concept, management concept, service concept, social concept and so on;The second level is the behavior model of the brand, including the operator’s management and marketing strategy, market development means, transmission channels, service mechanism and attitude, etc.The third level is the brand in the visual image level.This aspect mainly includes the name of the brand, brand appeal, brand identification, product external image and so on.The brand culture construction isthe process to adapt to the consumer demand, realize the brand image, maintenance for goals, and complete the heart contract between the brand and the consumer.The concept of culture marketing powerCulture marketing power is that enterprises, through the cultural marketing, get strong marketing idea, super marketing image, a new marketing model, and so get strong marketing power.企业文化企业文化的概念企业文化是指企业全体员工在长期的创业和发展过程中培育形成，并共同遵守的最高目标，价值标准，基本信念及行为规范。
【企业文化建设研究国内外文献综述2200字】
企业文化建设研究国内外文献综述1 国外企业文化研究动态20世纪70年代，缘起日本经济腾飞，人们开始探寻其背后规律，企业文化初步被发现，吸引了一些学者的研究，特别是到了80年代出现了研究高潮，对企业文化的探析层见迭出，与之相关的理论“四重奏”应运而生，这些著作聚焦于企业组织的文化构建，通过研究相关典范、探寻成功关键、探讨践行对策，引发思考。
而企业文化的概念最早出现在1980年出版的《商业周刊》中，是美国学者首次提出的[14]。
20世纪80年代，企业文化研究成为经济学、管理学、心理学、社会学等社会科学的热门议题，这个阶段，侧重理论类别的研究居多，出现定性研究流派和定量研究流派。
其中，沙因（Edgar H.Schein）等聚焦企业文化本质，探寻其概念，深究其结构，指出实行实地查看、实地访问以及评价企业文化的先后次序等等，这是定性研究这一派的侧重点，他们的研究极难形成量化指标，增加了从客观层面丈量、对比、分析组织文化、活动、行为与经营效益之关系的难度，难以对比研究[15]。
而奎恩（Robert.Quinn）等注重对比分析，认为要通过为企业文化建模，来实现对公司文化相关指标的客观测量、全面评价、综合诊断，这些构成了定量研究流派的风格[16]。
1990年，奥斯特雷（Sylvia Qstry）使用了“全球化”这个概念[17]。
经济全球化进一步促进了学者探讨、分析和发扬企业文化理论。
于是，90年代后，其研究呈定性向定量发展态势，探讨文化与业绩间关系，建立评价、丈量、辨析模型，探索构建量表，使定量研究实操性更强，便于深入研究。
其研究方法有定性与定量相结合方法、实证分析、综合各学科研究方法、聚类分析等[18]。
进入21 世纪，经济发展凸显知识与技术双重优势，企业文化的研究内容更加广泛，相关理论也趋于成熟，渐成体系，外部因素对企业文化的影响也开始被纳入到研究的范畴中，引申出了很多新的概念，例如企业诚信、企业社会责任等[19]。
企业文化建设外文献综述
企业文化建设外文献综述IntroductionIn order to succeed in today’s highly competitive business environment, companies must not only have a good product or service, but also a unique corporate culture that sets it apart from its competition. Corporate culture is the set of shared values, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that characterize an organization and shape its identity and personality. Therefore, building and maintaining a strong, positive and effective corporate culture has become an essential priority for companies around the world.This paper reviews some of the key literature on corporate culture, its importance, and the ways in which it can be built and sustained within an organization.The Importance of Corporate CultureCorporate culture plays a critical role in the performance and success of a business. In particular, it creates a shared sense of purpose, motivates employees to work together towards a common goal, and establishes a framework for decision-making and action. A positive corporate culture is also a key factor in attracting and retaining top talent.According to research, companies with strong corporate cultures tend to be more innovative, enjoy higher employeesatisfaction, and achieve better financial performance than those without. Positive cultures also help to foster greater loyalty, productivity and commitment among employees, which ultimately translates into higher levels of customer satisfaction, improved brand recognition, and increased revenue.Building a Strong Corporate CultureBuilding a strong corporate culture is a process that requires time, effort, and commitment. However, it is also an investment that can pay huge dividends in the long run. Here are some key steps that companies can take to build and maintain a strong corporate culture:1. Clarify and communicate the values of the organizationThe first step in building a strong corporate culture is to identify and communicate the values that define the organization. This involves articulating the mission, vision, and purpose of the company, and establishing a set of guiding principles that align with these goals. This can be achieved through various methods such as training programs, team-building exercises and regular communication.2. Lead by exampleLeadership plays a key role in shaping and reinforcing corporate culture. Leaders should be visible, accessible and approachable, and should expect the same of their employees. They should model the behaviors and attitudes they want to seein others, and hold themselves and others accountable for upholding the values of the organization.3. Create a positive workplace environmentA positive workplace environment is essential for nurturing and sustaining a positive corporate culture. This includes fostering open communication, promoting collaboration and teamwork, and providing opportunities for professional development and growth.4. Celebrate successesCelebrating successes is an important part of maintaining a positive corporate culture. This can be done through recognition programs, award ceremonies, or team-building outings. Celebrating successes not only recognizes the hard work and achievements of individuals and teams, but also reinforces the values and norms of the organization.ConclusionA strong corporate culture is a vital part of any successful business. It establishes a framework for decision-making and action, motivates employees, and ultimately drives the success and growth of the organization. Building and maintaining a strong corporate culture requires commitment, effort, and investment, but the benefits are significant and long-lasting. By clarifying and communicating the values of the organization, leading by example, creating a positive workplace environment, and celebratingsuccesses, companies can establish a unique, effective, and enduring corporate culture that sets them apart from their competition.。
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企业文化外国文献【篇一：企业文化外文参考文献】corporate culturethe concept of enterprise cultureenterprise culture is formed in the long-term of the venture and development process among the enterprise staf. they cultivate the common goal, the highest value standard, basic beliefs and behavior. it contains a very rich content, including business philosophy, value concept, the spirit of enterprise, enterprise morality, group consciousness, enterprise image, enterprise system. its core is the spirit of the enterprise and values.the value of enterprise culture1.enterprise culture affects the enterpr ise’s lifeculture is informal. but it exist everywhere and every time. in the developing of an enterprise, things informal is more important than that of formal, software is usually more important the hardware. this is not only the character of modern ec onomy, but also the outcome of enterprise culture’s effect in long time.enterprise culture is the spirit of the enterprise, is the power that drives the enterprise developing, and is the best way for the enterprise to get the growth of its economy. the development needs culture and the culture can support the development. in any case, there will be no long time development without culture’ support.2.enterprise culture builds the enterprise’s core competence the 1960’s the core content of enterprise com petition is technology , in the 70 s, it is management, in the 80’ s, it is marketing, in the 90’s, it is the brand, and the 21’st century the core competition between enterprises is the culture. enterprises short-term prosperity can get in so many ways, but the enterprise long time growth can be only from the power of the excellent enterprise culture, the effect of suitable culture on the development and growth of enterprises is huge, because it has infinite driving force on the staff.the spirit and idea s is the core of the enterprise’s culture. when a good enterprise culture establishment, it brings thewisdom of the group, the spirit of collaboration, fresh vitality, this is equivalent to for enterprise with a powerful engine for enterprise innovation and development, and can uninterruptedly supply spiritual power for the enterprise.culture the best way to mobilize the staff of an enterprise. it brings staff home feeling in their work. it is the resource of the cohesive power inside and the expansionary force outside of the enterprise.the concept of brand culturebrand culture is the core of brand value, it include the value concept, grade, appeal, express feelings of the brand, the value of the brand culture is that it brings items of the brand to the flourish spirit world of human being. brand culture not only can bring people good feeling but also improve the core competence of the brand.brand culture mainly has three level content: the first level is the brand value system, which is made up of a series of concept of brand owners and operators, including the pursuit of quality concept, management concept, service concept, social concept and so on; the second level is the behavior model of the brand, including the operator’s management and marketing strategy, market development means, transmission channels, service mechanism and attitude, etc. the third level is the brand in the visual image level. this aspect mainly includes the name of the brand, brand appeal, brand identification, product external image and so on. the brand culture construction isthe process to adapt to the consumer demand, realize the brand image, maintenance for goals, and complete the heart contract between the brand and the consumer.the concept of culture marketing powerculture marketing power is that enterprises, through the cultural marketing, get strong marketing idea, super marketing image, a new marketing model, and so get strong marketing power.译文1企业文化企业文化的概念企业文化是指企业全体员工在长期的创业和发展过程中培育形成，并共同遵守的最高目标，价值标准，基本信念及行为规范。
它包含着非常丰富的内容，包括经营哲学、价值观念、企业精神、企业道德、团体意识、企业形象、企业制度，其核心是企业的精神和价值观。
企业文化的价值1、企业文化影响企业生命力文化虽然是无形的，但他无处不在，无时不有。
无形的比有形的重要，软件比硬件重要，这不仅是经济时代的特征，也是企业文化管理方式作为管理理论和管理实践长期发展和自然结果。
企业文化是企业的灵魂，是推动企业发展的不竭动力，是获得经济效益和经济增长的最佳途径，发展需要文化，文化支撑发展，没有文化底蕴的企业是不可能快速发展和长盛不衰的。
2、企业文化塑造企业核心竞争力20世纪60年代企业竞争的核心内容在于技术，70年代在于管理，80年代在于营销，90年代在于品牌，21世纪企业竞争的核心在于文化。
企业的短期繁荣可以通过许多方式获得，但企业持续增长的力量只能从优秀企业文化中获取，适宜的企业文化对企业的发展壮大的作用不可估量，因为它对企业员工有着无穷的驱动力。
企业文化的核心是其思想观念，它决定着企业成员的思维方式和行为方式，能够激发员工的士气，充分发觉企业的潜能。
一个好的企业文化建立后，她所带来的是群体的智慧，协作的精神，新鲜的活力，这就相当于为企业装上了一台功率强大的发动机，为企业创新和发展提供源源不断的精神动力。