(完整word版)气象常用专业英语词汇

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环境专业英语词汇

环境专业英语词汇大气Atmospｈerｅ大气组成Atmospheric c ｏmpositｉoｎﻫ空气质量Air qualiｔｙ大气化学Aｔｍｏsｐｈerｉc cｈemｉｓtry大气成分Aｔmoｓｐheriｃcoｍpｏｎeｎts大气颗粒物Atmｏspheric parｔiculateｓ二氧化碳Carｂｏｎdiｏxide温室气体Gree ｎhouｓe gaｓesﻫ氧气Ｏｘｙgｅn臭氧层Ozoｎe ｌayeｒ大气过程Atmｏsｐheｒｉc pｒｏceｓsｅsﻫ空气－水相互作用Air－wａｔｅr inｔeractｉon大气环流Ａtmｏｓpｈeric cirｃulation大气降水Atｍospheｒic pｒｅciｐitatiｏn碳循环Carｂｏｎcycle蒸发作用Ｅvaporａtioｎ降水增加Ｐreｃｉｐitation enhａncemｅn ｔ降雨Rainfaｌl太阳辐射Solａr raｄiation蒸腾作用Traｎspiratioｎ风Wｉnｄs空气污染Airｐollｕtiｏn酸雨Aciｄraｉn空气污染物Air polｌutａntｓ氯氟碳Chｌoroｆluorｏcａｒboｎs沉降的颗粒物Depｏｓｉｔed pａrｔｉculatｅmaｔter飞灰Ｆly ash雾Fog 薄烟Hａze空内空气污染Indoor air pollｕｔiｏn烟雾Smｏg气候问题Climａtｉｃｉsｓｕesﻫ农业气象学Agromｅteorｏlogy气候Cｌimａtｅﻫ气候变化Clｉmatic cｈanｇe气候带Climatｉc zones干旱Drｏught全球变暖Gloｂal ｗａrminｇ温室效应Gｒｅenｈouse ｅｆfecｔ湿度Huｍiｄity微气候影响Ｍiｃroclimate effects海平面上升Sｅａlevｅl risｅ人工影响天气Weatｈer moｄｉfication岩石圈ＬＩTＨOSＰＨEＲE固态地球Solid Eartｈﻫ洞穴Caves地震活动Sｅisｍic actｉvityﻫ地震监测Seismic monitｏｒiｎgﻫ火山V olcanoｅs风蚀Wind eｒosiｏnﻫ陆地生态系统TERRESＴＲIAL EＣＯSYSTEＭSﻫ土壤Soils农用土地Aｇricｕlturaｌｌaｎd碱地Alkali lａｎdsﻫ污染的土地Cｏｎtaminated lａnd污染的土壤Coｎｔamiｎaｔedｓoilﻫ沙坑Ｇravelｐits荒地Ｈeaｔｈlａｎｄs土地承载能力Lanｄcａrrｙｉｎｇcapacity土地污染Lａnd pｏllution土地开垦Lanｄreclａmatｉｏnﻫ土地恢复Land restｏraｔionﻫ土地使用分类Ｌanｄuse clａssifｉcａtionﻫ边缘土地Mａｒｇｉnal landsﻫ沙石开采Sand extraｃｔionﻫ沉积Sｅｄimeｎtaｔiｏn土壤潜力Ｓｏil ｃａpabilities土壤保持Soil conservatiｏn土壤污染Ｓoil conｔaminatｉon土壤退化Soｉl deｇraｄａtion土壤侵蚀Soiｌeｒoｓiｏnﻫ土壤改良Soil imｐｒovｅment土壤盐碱化Ｓoilｓalｉnationﻫ水蚀Water erosionﻫ干旱地区生态系统Ariｄｌａｎd eｃosyｓteｍsﻫ干旱土地Arｉd lａnds沙漠化Deｓeｒｔification抗旱Drougｈt conｔroｌﻫ旱作Dryｆaｒmingﻫ沙丘固定Ｓａｎd ｄune fｉxａtｉonﻫ沙丘Saｎd ｄunes半干旱地区生态系统Semi-aｒid landｅcｏｓystems森林生态系统Ｆorｅｓt ecosystems植树造林Afforestatｉｏnﻫ针叶林Ｃｏniferous foｒeｓtsﻫ森林砍伐Deforestａtion森林保护Fｏｒｅst cｏnservａtionﻫ森林火灾Foreｓｔfires草地火灾Ｇrass fireｓﻫ绿化带Greenｂelts本地森林Indiｇｅnoｕs foresｔs再造林Reaｆfoｒeｓtａtｉｏnﻫ植被恢复Revegetatｉｏnﻫ亚热带生态系统Sｕb-tropiｃaｌecｏｓｙstｅmsﻫ温带森林Teｍpeｒateｆｏrｅstsﻫ温带林地Temｐerａte woodｌandsﻫ树木Treeｓﻫ热带生态系统Tｒoｐical ecosysｔeｍｓﻫ热带森林Tｒoｐｉcaｌfｏｒests热带森林生态系统Tｒｏpical fｏreｓt ｅcｏsystems林地生态系统Wｏｏdlａnd ｅｃｏsystemsﻫ温带生态系统和寒带生态系统Ｔemｐｅｒate ｅcoｓｙsteｍｓaｎd coｌｄzone ecosy ｓteｍsﻫ南极生态系统Antarcｔiｃeｃｏsｙsteｍｓ南极地区Antaｒcｔｉｃregioｎ北极生态系统Arｃtｉc ｅcosyｓｔeｍｓ北极地区Arcｔic ｒegionﻫ寒带生态系统Ｃold zoｎe ｅcosysteｍsﻫ草地生态系统Grａｓｓlaｎd ｅcosysｔeｍs永久冻土生态系统Ｐeｒmａfrost ecosyｓｔems极地生态系统Polaｒeｃosyｓteｍｓﻫ温带生态系统Teｍpｅraｔｅecｏｓysteｍsﻫ山地生态系统Mountain ecosysｔemsﻫ高原生态系统Highland ecoｓyｓｔｅmｓﻫ登山运动Ｍoｕｎtａineｅrinｇﻫ湿地生态系统Wetlaｎds ecosystｅms红树沼泽Mａngｒovｅswａmpｓﻫ水禽Waterfoｗl水涝地Ｗａtｅｒlogｇeｄｌａndｓ流域管理Watershed manａgｅｍent水边开发Wateｒｓide dｅveloｐｍent生物多样性和保护区Ｂｉolｏｇｉcａl ｄｉverｓity aｎd protｅctｅd areas适应性强的物种Aｄaptａｂle spｅcｉes藻类Algａeﻫ两栖动物Aｍｐhibians动物习性Animal ｂeｈａｖiouｒﻫ动物资源Aｎimａl reｓouｒｃes 节肢动物Aｒthrｏpods生物多样性Biｏlogiｃal ｄiversitｙﻫ生物资源Ｂiological resou ｒceｓ生物圈保护区Biospｈere ｒeｓｅrvｅsﻫ群落生境Bioｔｏpesﻫ鸟类Birds植物园Ｂotanicａl gａｒdｅｎs基因资源保护Conservaｔion of geｎeｔｉｃresourceｓﻫ生态平衡Ecoｌogicaｌｂalaｎｃe濒危动物物种Ｅndangered aniｍal spｅｃies濒危植物物种Enｄaｎgered plant specieｓ河口保护区Estuａrine coｎsｅrvaｔioｎarｅasﻫ动物区系Ｆaｕn ａ植物区系Ｆloｒaﻫ食物链Fooｄchain捕猎Huｎtｉｎｇ无脊椎动物Invertebratesﻫ陆地哺乳动物Ｌand mａmｍalｓ哺乳动物Mamｍals海洋保护区Maｒine conｓervaｔｉon areas微生物Micｒooｒgaｎisｍsﻫ移栖种Miｇratory speciｅs国家公园Natｉonal ｐarｋs国家保护区Nationaｌｒｅｓerｖeｓ寄生生物Ｐarasiｔｅsﻫ愉猎Pｏaｃｈingﻫ灵长目Ｐriｍateｓ保护区Pｒotecｔed areａs受保护的物种Prｏｔectｅｄｓpeciｅｓ爬行动物Repｔiｌes陆地生物资源Terreｓｔｒial bioｌoｇical rｅｓｏｕｒcesﻫ植被Vｅgetatiｏnﻫ杂草Weeｄs野生生物Wildlife野生生物保护Wiｌdｌife ｃｏnservation野生生物生境Wiｌｄｌife haｂitatsﻫ动物园Zoological gａrdens细菌Bacteria酶Enzymes真菌Funｇi基因库Gene banｋsﻫ种质Geｒm plasmﻫ微生物资源Mｉcrｏｂial rｅsouｒces原生生物Ｐroｔｏzoａﻫ病毒Vｉrusｅsﻫ酵母Yeastｓ生物技术问题Bｉotｅcｈnｏlogiｃaｌｉssuｅsﻫ农业生物技术Ａgriｃultuｒaｌbiotｅchｎoｌｏgｉes生物伦理学Bioeｔhicsﻫ生物安全Ｂiosaｆetyﻫ生物技术Biotecｈnoloｇies无性繁殖Ｃloning与健康有关的生物技术Hｅalth-related ｂiotechｎoｌｏgieｓ诱变剂Mutaｇｅns突变微生物释放Ｍutateｄmｉcrooｒganｉsmｓｒeleaｓｅﻫ突变体Muｔantsﻫ繁殖控制RｅｐroｄuctivｅｍａnｉpulａtioｎﻫDNA 重组技术Recｏmbinant ＤNA tecｈnoｌogyﻫ动物的选择性繁殖Se ｌective breeding of animａlｓ植物的选择性繁殖Sｅleｃｔiｖe ｂｒeediｎg oｆplants生物技术的社会-经济影响Socio－ｅcｏnomｉc impａct ｏf biｏtｅcｈｎoｌoｇiｅｓ致畸剂Terａtoｇｅｎｓﻫ淡水FRESHＷATERﻫ淡水资源Freｓhwateｒreｓourcesﻫ谈水保护Cｏｎｓervａtｉon of fresｈｗateｒﻫ水坝Daｍs冰Iｃe湖泊Lakes自然排水系统Ｎatｕral drainagｅsyｓtemsﻫ河流流域开发River ｂasin dｅvｅｌopｍｅｎtﻫ河流Rivers雪Snｏw地下水Suｂteｒrａｎean waｔｅｒ地表水Sｕrface wａtersﻫ水资源保护Water rｅsoｕrcｅｓconservatiｏnﻫ水资源开发Ｗater resourｃesｄｅvｅlopment淡水生态系统Fｒｅｓhwaｔｅrｅcosystems集水区Cａtchmenｔaｒeas国际河流流域Ｉｎtｅrｎational ｒｉｖeｒbasinsﻫ湖泊流域Lak ｅbasins池塘尾渣Poｎｄs tailingsﻫ河流流域Riｖer basins淡水恶化Fｒeｓhwａteｒdｅｇradationﻫ河流污染Ｒiver ｐｏｌｌuｔｉonﻫ径流Run-ｏffﻫ沉积物移动Sedｉｍｅｎｔmｏbiliｚatiｏnﻫ沉积物运移Sediment transｐｏｒｔ沉积盆地Sediｍｅnｔａry basins渗漏Ｓeepagｅ凤眼蓝Waｔer hyacｉnthﻫ水污染Waｔer ｐolluｔion水的盐化Waｔeｒｓalinaｔioｎ饮用水供应Ｄrinking ｗatｅr ｓupply脱盐Dｅsaｌination饮用水Ｄrinking ｗaterﻫ饮用水处理Dｒinking waｔer treatmenｔ城市配水系统Municiｐal water disｔributioｎsｙstemsﻫ农村供水Rural ｗater suppｌyﻫ污水处理厂Sewage tｒeatｍｅｎt plantsﻫ水泵Waｔｅｒpumpsﻫ水处理Wａter treaｔmｅnt水井Wａter wells。

天气的英语词汇

天气的英语词汇关于天气的英语词汇非常丰富，以下是一些常见的词汇和短语：1. Weather Types:- Sunny (晴天)- Cloudy (多云)- Rainy (雨天)- Snowy (雪天)- Windy (有风)- Foggy (有雾)- Thunderstorm (雷雨)- Hailstorm (冰雹)- Stormy (暴风雨的)- Drizzle (细雨)- Showery (阵雨的)2. Temperature:- Hot (热)- Cold (冷)- Warm (温暖)- Mild (温和的)- Chilly (寒冷的)- Freezing (结冰的)- Sweltering (闷热的)3. Wind:- Breeze (微风)- Gale (大风)- Hurricane (飓风)- Tornado (龙卷风)- Typhoon (台风)- Cyclone (旋风)4. Atmospheric Conditions:- Humid (潮湿的)- Damp (湿润的)- Dry (干燥的)- Moist (微湿的)- Barometric Pressure (气压)5. Visibility:- Clear (清晰的)- Hazy (朦胧的)- Obscured (模糊的)- Visibility (能见度)6. Weather Phenomena:- Lightning (闪电)- Thunder (雷声)- Rainbow (彩虹)- Halo (晕)- Dew (露水)- Frost (霜)7. Weather Instruments: - Thermometer (温度计) - Barometer (气压计) - Anemometer (风速计) - Hygrometer (湿度计) - Rain Gauge (雨量计)8. Weather Forecasting: - Forecast (预报)- Prediction (预测)- Outlook (展望)- Probability (概率)以上是一些常见的关于天气的英语词汇。

(完整word版)气象术语

天气预报中的常用名词、术语及释义晴:天空云量不足3成.阴：天空云量占9成或以上.雾：近地面空中浮游大量微小的水滴或冰晶,水平能见度下降到1公里以内，影响交通运输。

小雨：日降水量不足10毫米。

大雨:日降水量25。

0-49。

9毫米.雷阵雨:忽下忽停并伴有电闪雷鸣的阵性降水.冰雹：小雹核随着积雨云中激烈的垂直运动，反复上升凝结下降融化，成长为透明层相间的小冰块降落，对农作物有影响。

冻雨：雨滴冻结在低于0℃的物体表面的地面上,又称雨淞（由雾滴冻结的,称雾淞)，常坠断电线,使路面结冰，影响通信、供电、交通等。

雨夹雪：近地面气温略高于0℃,湿雪或雨和雪同时下降。

小雪：日降雪量（融化成水）不足2.5毫米。

中雪：日降雪量(融化成水）2。

6-4.9毫米.大雪：日降雪量（融化成水）达到或超过5。

0毫米.霜冻：温度低于0℃的地面和物体表面上有水汽凝结成白色结晶的是白霜，水汽含量少没结霜称黑霜对农作物都有冻害，称霜冻。

低压槽和高压脊：呈波动状的高空西风气流上,波谷对应着低压槽,槽前暖空气活跃，多雨雪天气，槽后冷空气控制，多大风降温天气；波峰与高压脊对应，天空晴朗。

冷锋和暖锋：冷锋即冷空气的前锋，在冷、暖气团交界处、冷空气向暖空气推进。

冷锋上多风雨激烈的天气，锋后多大风降温天气;反之为暖锋，锋上多阴雨天气、锋后转多云和晴天，气温回升。

大风：用风矢表示，有风向杆和风羽组成.风向杆指风的来向，有8个方位。

风羽由3，4个短划和三角表示大风的风力，垂直在风向杆末端的右侧（北半球）。

气象术语1。

时间的划分：天气预报中所说的白天，指当地标准时间8点至20点，其中17点至20点叫做傍晚；20点以后到第二天的8点叫做夜间。

2。

天气状况（阴晴的划分）：晴是指全天内天空中云量低于3成（即30%）;多云是天空中有4—7成的中、低云或6—10成的高云时的天空状况;少云是天空中有1-3成的中、低云或4-5成的高云时的天空状况；阴是天空阴暗,密布云层，或天空虽有云隙而仍感到阴暗(总云量8成以上)，偶尔从云缝中可见到微弱阳光的天气现象.雾:悬浮在贴近地面的大气中的大量微细水滴(或冰晶)的可见集合体。

大气科学(气象)专业英语6

Unit Six Severe Storms 第六课：强风暴New Words▪glossary n.词汇▪blizzard n.雪暴▪snowfall n.降雪▪snowdrift n.雪堆▪coat v.覆盖▪hailstorm n.雹暴▪wake n.尾流▪rate v. 评价；rate n. 比率，速度 , e.g., at a rate of，以…的速率▪devastating a. 破坏性的；devastate v. ; devastation n.▪top v. 封顶，盖住； top n. 顶▪radiosonde n. 无线电探空仪▪enlarge v.放大en+… n./adj./--→ v. enrich, endanger, enable,▪downdraft n.下曳气流； updraft n.上升气流▪upper-level n.高层，高空；lower-level n.低层，低空 mid-level 中层▪outflow v.流出； inflow v.流出▪blast n.阵风；gust n.阵风;一阵狂风▪airline n.航线，航空公司；flight n.航班▪typhoon n. 台风；hurricane n. 飓风；tropical cyclone n.热带气旋；tropical storm n. 热带风暴▪cyclone n.气旋；cyclonic a.气旋性的;vortex n.涡旋anticyclone n.反气旋；anticyclonic a.反气旋性的▪destructive a. 破坏性的▪multi-cell n. 多单体； super-cell n.超级单体▪water-rich a. 含水丰富的▪waterspout n.水龙卷 ;tornado n.龙卷；whirl n.旋风，涡旋▪suction n. 虹吸，吸（水）▪exterior n.外部； interior n.内部▪exploration n. 探索▪hook-shaped a. 钩状的Text•According to the Glossary of Meteorology, a storm is “any disturbed state of the atmosphere, especially as affecting the earth’s surface and strongly implying destructive or otherwise unpleasant weather”.•In winter most storms are cyclonic in nature; they cover large areas, produce rain or snow, and often are cold and windy.•These storms usually do more good than harm because the precipitation they yield waters farms and fills streams, lakes, and reservoirs.▪Sometimes winter cyclones become intense as their central pressures fall.▪As a result the winds increase in strength, and if there is adequate atmospheric moisture, there can be flood-causing rains or heavy snow falls that close down entire cities.▪In some cases blizzards occur as a strong, cold winds, that carry the snow into large snow-drifts. ▪In such storms, grazing animals on the open range can become isolated, run out of food, or even freeze to death.▪Among the most dangerous of winter storms are those that produce freezing rain.▪By coating streets, highways, and airports runways with ice, the storms cause a large number of motor vehicle accidents and pose serious hazards at airports.▪Winter storms usually develop gradually, move slowly, and can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy.▪On the other hand, severe storms of a convective nature develop so rapidly and are so small and short-lived that they are difficult to forecast.▪Violent thunderstorms, hailstorms, and tornadoes develop in tens of minutes and can strike with frighten suddenness.▪In minutes a hailstorm can destroy a field of wheat or a tornado can demolish a score of buildings, leaving injured and dead in its wake.▪Another type of severe storms, the hurricanes and its counterparts in other parts of the words, are relatively large, intense tropical cyclones. ▪Although they do not contain the concentrated power of tornadoes, hurricanes are more energetic, larger and longer-lived, and therefore they can do more damage than tornadoes.▪Occasionally, individual violent storms can cause great losses.▪In some parts of the world extreme weather can take human tolls that nearly defy belief.▪For example, a tropical cyclone that struck Bangladesh in November in 1970 took more than a quarter of million lives and rates as one of nature’s most devastating calamities.▪The storm was a Southeast Asian version of the South Atlantic hurricane.Commonly, thunderstorms extend to altitudes of about 10 km and often are topped by anvil clouds composed of the crystals blowing away from the main cloud regions.Although thunderstorms take on many sizes, shapes, and structures, they may be considered to fall into two broad categories: local or air mass thunderstorms and organized thunderstorms.▪Local storms are fairly isolated and have a short lifetime—less than an hour or so.▪A great deal was learned by flying instrumented airplanes through thunderstorms and by observing them by means of radar, radiosonde, and other ground-based instruments.▪A local thunderstorms is made up of one or more “cells” each of which follows a three-stage life cycle: cumulus stage, mature stage and dissipating stage.Paragraph 10-1▪Under the cloud, even before rain reaches the ground, there often is a downward rush of cool air that spreads rapidly outward away from the cloud.▪Depending on the strength of the upper-level winds and of the downdraft, outflowing surface winds can range from light breezes to strong blasts.▪The cool air usually advances ahead of the thunderstorm, and sometimes does appreciable damage to vegetation and buildings.Paragraph 10-2▪The downdrafts and outflowing air and the associated wind shear represent a serious hazard to airplanes in the process of landing and taking off.▪Particularly strong downdrafts have been termed “downbursts” which are responsible for a number of crashes by commercial airlines.Hurricanes飓风Paragraph 11▪Tropical cyclones that occur over the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico and have maximum wind speeds greater than 32.6 m/s (73 mi/hr) are called hurricanes.▪Similar storms over the western North Pacific are called typhoons.▪The ones that develop over the Indian Ocean and affect India and southeast Asia are called cyclones.▪Hurricanes of the Pacific coast of Mexico have been named cyclones by the natives of the country.▪Various other names are used in other parts of the world.▪The paths followed by hurricanes are determined mostly by the prevailing wind currents in which the hurricanes are located.▪In their developing stages the storms are transported by easterly winds that prevail over the tropics.▪As the “steering” current changes, the hurricane path also changes.▪In some cases there are abrupt shifts in the direction of travel.▪As hurricanes move over land or over higher-latitude oceans, they become weaker.▪This occurs primarily because the energy input is reduced as the storm leaves the regions of warm ocean water.▪In addition, when a hurricane passes over a continent, the terrain exerts additional frictional force that act to reduce the speeds.▪Hurricanes passing over land can be very destructive and lethal.▪When hurricane Camille swept into Mississippi in August 1969, it caused about 1.5 billion of damage.▪The torrential rains from hurricane Agnes in 1972 caused massive flooding over the eastern United States.▪Although it was not true in the case of Agnes, loss of life and destruction of property usually are a result of the storm surge, a wave of ocean water generated by the hurricanes winds as the storm approaches the coast.▪A wall of water some 3m or more in height can be produced.▪As it swept over low-lying land, it can cause devastating floods.Hailstones冰雹Paragraph 14▪Hail usually is produced by large, long-lasting thunderstorm classified as multicell or supercell thunderstorms.▪The thunderstorm often are arranged in lines or bands that are call squall lines and occur most often in the spring and early summer months.▪These are the periods when atmospheric conditions are most favorable for the development of violent thunderstorms.▪According to a highly regarded hailstorm model, first offered by two English scientists, hailstones began to form in the water-rich, rising air that enters the cloud along its leading edge.▪As they grow by colliding with supercooled drops, the hailstones fall at increasing speeds through the air and intercept increasing quantities of supercooled water.▪If the updraft speed exceeds the terminal velocity of the hailstones, they are carried upward.▪The upper-level winds move them forward across the upper part of the storm to a region of weaker updrafts.▪If the updrafts are not strong enough to hold up the hailstones, they fall toward the ground.▪After descending several kilometers, some of the stones fall into the strong updraft core and are carried upward again for a second passage through the supercooled cloud.▪A series of such trips can lead to large hailstones.▪As ice particle starting with a diameter of 1 mm can grow to 3 cm after exposure to the high liquid water contents in a strong updraft.▪In thunderstorms with strong, persistent updrafts, large hailstones can be grown without the recycling process.Tornadoes龙卷▪Thunderstorms producing large hail are also likely to produce tornadoes.▪Contrary to the opinions of many people, tornadoes are not particularly energetic.▪ An average tornado contains much less energy than the thunderstorm that produces it, and is appreciably less energetic cyclone.▪But since the energy of a tornado is expended in a short period of time, its power-energy divided by time is relatively high.▪Because of their concentrated power, tornadoes are probably the most feared of all weather phenomena.▪They often strike suddenly, with little warning, and in a few minutes cause extensive damage to property, injuries, and loss of life.▪A tornado may have the appearance of a narrow funnel, cylinder, or rope extending from the base of a thunderstorm to the ground.▪The visible funnel consists mostly of water droplets formed by condensation in the funnel. Near the ground blowing dust, leaves, and other debris identify the presence of a strong vortex. ▪Tornadoes and weak visible vortex observed over water—most often in the tropics and subtropics—are called waterspouts.▪Tornadoes are generally small, typically less than a few hundred meters in diameter, but some are larger than 1 km.▪With rare exceptions the winds are cyclonic, that is , they blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.▪The funnels usually touch the ground for only a few minutes or so, but some have been reported to last for much more than an hour.▪The maximum wind speeds in tornadoes usually are between about 33 and 100 m/s (73 and 224 mi/hr), but occasionally they may exceed 120m/s.▪the higher the intensity rating, the greater is the damage potential of a tornado.▪Most of the fatalities and property destruction are caused by a small number of large, long-lived tornadoes.▪During the decade ending in 1970 fewer that 2 percent of the largest tornadoes accounted for 85 percent of the fatalities.▪Within a tornado there are still smaller, intense whirls that Fujita calls suction vortices.▪They have diameters of about 10 m.▪A small, short-lived tornado might have only one;a maxi-tornado would have many suction vortices.▪Fujita proposed that these small vortices account for occasional observations of virtually total destruction of one structure while another one 10 m away is left unscathed.▪The pressure in a tornado funnel is substantially lower than the surrounding atmospheric pressure.▪It has been estimated that in a very severe tornado the central pressure might be more than 100mb less than the pressure outside the funnel.▪The pressure differences between the interior and exterior of a tornado can account in part for the damage to buildings whose doors and windows are closed tightly.▪When a tornado moves over such a structure, the outside pressure drops rapidly while the pressure inside falls more slowly.▪The resulting pressure differences augment those caused by the dynamical effects of the wind.▪When the pressure inside a building substantially exceeds the pressure on the outside, the result is a strong outward pressure force.▪Such a force can do extensive damage; in some cases it could pick up the roof and blow out the wall of a building.▪Tornadoes– as is the case with hail – are most frequent in the late afternoon and early evening and occur in the spring and early summer months.▪It is during this period that the necessary meteorological conditions are most likely to be present.▪Even in these years of space exploration, many tornadoes are detected visually by ordinary citizens who spot the funnels and notify local officials.▪Increasingly, radar is being used to detect and track tornado storms.▪Conventional radars cannot specially identify a tornado, and therefore it is necessary to use characteristics of the radar echoes to infer the presence of the tornadoes.▪Occasionally, the shape of an echo is a good indication of the presence of ,or the impending formation of tornadoes.▪The most reliable such indicator is a hook-shaped echo extending from a thunderstorm, but most of the time the echo shape is of little use in ascertaining if there is a tornado.▪Thunderstorms that cause intense radar echoes that extend to great altitudes should be regarded as threats to produce hail and tornadoes.▪A Doppler radar can observe the same quantities as can a conventional radar, but in addition it can measure the speed, toward or away, from the radar of targets such as raindrops or other liquid or solid objects.▪Recent research has shown that Doppler radar can identify and locate tornadoes, sometimes as much as 20 minutes before the funnel reaches the ground.。

【最新推荐】关于气象的常见英语词汇word版本 (3页)

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==关于气象的常见英语词汇常用英语“气象”用语表达法森林气候 forest climate狂风 squall烈风 strong gale温带气候 temperate climate雨季 rainy season狂风 storm湿润气候 humid climate雨点 raindrops暴风 violent storm温带草原气候 temperate grassy climate东北信风 northeast trades飓风 hurricane热带雨林气候 tropical rainy climate东南风 southeaster台风 typhoon热带海洋气候 tropical marine climate风级 wind scale龙卷风 tornado虹 rainbow间歇雨 intermittent rain小雨 light rain阵雨 shower平静 calm毛毛雨 drizzle, fine rain疾风 gusty wind微波 rippled反常天气 freakish weather气旋 cyclone微浪 smooth wavelets北风 north wind气压 barometric pressure细浪 light seas冰 ice阴天 cloudy day小浪 moderate seas冰点 freezing point雪花 snow flake 中浪 rough seas 西南风 southwester晴 clear大浪 very rough seas冷峰 cold front顺风 favorable wind。

气科院大气物理面试英语专业词汇[1]

大气科学系微机应用基础Primer of microcomputer applicationFORTRAN77程序设计FORTRAN77 Program Design大气科学概论An Introduction to Atmospheric Science大气探测学基础Atmospheric Sounding流体力学Fluid Dynamics天气学Synoptic Meteorology天气分析预报实验Forecast and Synoptic analysis生产实习Daily weather forecasting现代气候学基础An introduction to modern climatology卫星气象学Satellite meteorologyC语言程序设计 C Programming大气探测实验Experiment on Atmospheric Detective Technique云雾物理学Physics of Clouds and fogs动力气象学Dynamic Meteorology计算方法Calculation Method诊断分析Diagnostic Analysis中尺度气象学Meso-Microscale Synoptic Meteorology边界层气象学Boundary Layer Meteorology雷达气象学Radar Meteorology数值天气预报Numerical Weather Prediction气象统计预报Meteorological Statical Prediction大气科学中的数学方法Mathematical Methods in Atmospheric Sciences专题讲座Seminar专业英语English for Meteorological Field of Study计算机图形基础Basic of computer graphics气象业务自动化Automatic Weather Service空气污染预测与防治Prediction and Control for Air Pollution现代大气探测Advanced Atmospheric Sounding数字电子技术基础Basic of Digital Electronic Techniqul大气遥感Remote Sensing of Atmosphere模拟电子技术基础Analog Electron Technical Base大气化学Atmospheric Chemistry航空气象学Areameteorology计算机程序设计Computer Program Design数值预报模式与数值模拟Numerical Model and Numerical Simulation接口技术在大气科学中的应用Technology of Interface in Atmosphere Sciences Application海洋气象学Oceanic Meteorology现代实时天气预报技术（MICAPS系统）Advanced Short-range Weather Forecasting Technique(MICAPS system)1) atmospheric precipitation大气降水2) atmosphere science大气科学3) atmosphere大气1.The monitoring and study of atmosphere characteristics in near space as an environment forspace weapon equipments and system have been regarded more important for battle support.随着临近空间飞行器的不断发展和运用,作为武器装备和系统环境的临近空间大气特性成为作战保障的重要条件。

气象专业英语词汇

主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学theoretical meteorology 理论气象学mesometeorology 中尺度气象学micrometeorology 微气象学physical meteorology 物理气象学atmosphere 大气evolution of atmosphere 大气演化atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric diffusion 大气扩散atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric ion 大气离子atmospheric mass 大气质量air quality 大气品位atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层homopause 均质层顶significant level 特性层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸]层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层magnetopause 磁层顶chemosphere 光化层chemopause 光化层顶ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry-bulb temperature 干球温度temperature profile 温度廓线atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水[蒸]汽transfer of water vapor 水汽输送water vapor profile 水汽廓线water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压psychrometric formula 测湿公式saturation deficit 饱和差international cloud atlas 国际云图cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud base 云底cloud top 云顶cloud ceiling 云幂cloud amount 云量total cloud cover 总云量cloud with vertical development 直展云cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrus fibratus, Ci fib 毛卷云cirrus spissatus, Ci spi 密卷云cirrus uncinus, Ci unc 钩卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrostratus fibratus, Cs fib 毛卷层云cirrostratus nebulosus, Cs neb 薄幕卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altocumulus translucidus, Ac tr 透光高积云altocumulus opacus, Ac op 蔽光高积云altocumulus lenticularis, Ac len 荚状高积云altocumulus cumulogenitus, Ac cug 积云性高积云altocumulus floccus 絮状高积云altocumulus castellanus, Ac cas 堡状高积云altostratus, As 高层云altostratus translucidus, As tr 透光高层云altostratus opacus, As op 蔽光高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus mediocris, Cu med 中展积云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云cumulonimbus calvus, Cb cal 秃积雨云cumulonimbus capillatus, Cb cap 鬃积雨云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云stratocumulus translucidus, Sc tr 透光层积云stratocumulus opacus, Sc op 蔽光层积云stratocumulus cumulogenitus, Sc cug 积云性层积云stratocumulus castellanus, Sc cas 堡状层积云stratocumulus lenticularis, Sc len 荚状层积云stratus, St 层云stratus fractus, St fra 碎层云nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云fracto-nimbus,Fn 碎雨云chaotic sky 混乱天空cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云water cloud 水云hail cloud [冰]雹云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed, wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线horizontal wind vector 水平风矢量wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort [wind] scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain-valley breeze 山谷风sea-land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风slope wind 坡风glacier breeze 冰川风drainage wind 流泄风visibility 能见度effective visibility 有效能见度visual range of light 灯光能见距离surface visibility 地面能见度horizontal visibility 水平能见度vertical visibility 垂直能见度slant visibility 倾斜能见度meteor 大气现象weather phenomenon 天气现象clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度apparent form of the sky 天穹形状state of ground 地面状态sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水non-convective precipitation 非对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain virga 雨幡rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount] 雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾haze aloft 高空霾dust 浮尘blowing sand 高吹沙drifting sand 低吹沙dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风squall 飑snow 雪snow virga 雪幡sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴driven snow 吹雪drifting snow 低吹雪blowing snow 高吹雪snow cover 积雪snowfall [amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰wire icing 电线积冰hail 冰雹hailstone 雹块ice pellet 冰丸thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨orographic thunderstorm 地形雷暴thunderstorm cell 雷暴单体atmospherics 天电lightning 闪电lightning channel 闪电通道forked lightning 叉状闪电sheet lightning 片状闪电ball lightning 球状闪电streak lightning 条状闪电pearl-necklace lightning 串珠状闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02. 大气探测atmospheric sounding and observing 大气探测meteorological observation 气象观测synoptic observation 天气观测synoptic hour 天气观测时间principal synoptic observation 基本天气观测intermediate synoptic observation 辅助天气观测surface observation 地面观测visual observation 目测background pollution observation 本底污染观测field observation 外场观测conventional observation 常规观测non-conventional observation 非常规观测ship observation 船舶观测fixed point observation 定点观测space-based observation 空基观测ground-based observation 地基观测mountain observation 山地观测sounding 探空upper air observation 高空观测auxiliary ship observation, ASO 辅助船舶观测aircraft sounding 飞机探测rocket sounding 火箭探测radio sounding 无线电探空captive balloon sounding 系留气球探测pilot balloon observation 测风气球观测radiowind observation 无线电测风观测standard time of observation 标准观测时间actual time of observation 实际观测时间observational frequency 观测次数observational error 观测误差supplementary observation 补充观测autographic records 自记记录surface data 地面资料upper air data 高空资料barometer level 气压表高度pressure reduction 气压换算barometric correction 气压订正international synoptic code 国际[天气]电码network of meteorological station 气象台站网observation site 观测场meteorological platform 气象观测平台ocean weather station 海洋气象站fixed ship station 固定船舶站mobile ship station 移动船舶站mountain observation station 高山[观]测站automatic meteorological station 自动气象站meteorological instrument 气象仪器screen,instrument shelter 百叶箱thermometer 温度表telethermometer 遥测温度表thermograph 温度计geothermometer 地温表surface geothermometer 地面温度表angle geothermometer 曲管地温表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地温表grass thermometer 草温表maximum thermometer 最高温度表minimum thermometer 最低温度表mercury thermometer 水银温度表Lyman-α hygrometer 莱曼-α湿度表bimetallic thermograph 双金属片温度计barograph 气压计aneroid barograph 空盒气压计mountain barograph 高山气压计barometer 气压表aneroid barometer 空盒气压表ship-barometer 船用气压表mountain barometer 高山气压表pressure altimeter 气压测高表normal barometer 标准气压表national standard barometer 国家标准气压表regional standard barometer 区域标准气压表absolute standard barometer 绝对标准气压表microbarograph 微压计mercury barometer 水银气压表Fortin barometer 福丁气压表Kew pattern barometer 寇乌气压表hygrograph 湿度计hygrometer 湿度表psychrometer 干湿表aspirated psychrometer 通风干湿表standard aspirated psychrometer 标准通风干湿表whirling psychrometer, sling psychrometer 手摇干湿表Assmann psychrometer 阿斯曼干湿表dew-point hygrometer 露点湿度表hair hygrometer 毛发湿度表hair hygrograph 毛发湿度计black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球温度表barothermograph 气压温度计dry-bulb thermometer 干球温度表wet-bulb thermometer 湿球温度表sunshine recorder 日照计Jordan sunshine recorder 乔唐日照计Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培尔-司托克日照计pyrheliometer 直接辐射表pyranometer 总辐射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空辐射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 净辐射表pilot-balloon plotting board 测风绘图板hail-rain separator 雹雨分离器evaporograph 蒸发计evaporation pan 小型蒸发器evaporation tank 大型蒸发器standard pan 标准蒸发器ceiling projector 云幂灯visibility meter,visiometer 能见度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量计accumulative raingauge 累计雨量器tilting bucket raingauge 翻斗[式]雨量计electric conductivity raingauge 水导[式]雨量计siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸[式]雨量计rainfall intensity recorder 雨强计telemetering pluviograph 遥测雨量计wind vane 风向标anemometer 风速表contact anemometer 电接风速表cup anemometer 转杯风速表propeller anemometer 螺旋桨[式]风速表anemorumbometer 风向风速表hot-wire anemometer 热线风速表strong wind anemograph 强风仪navaid wind-finding 导航测风laser ceilometer 激光云幂仪anemograph 风速计radio theodolite 无线电经纬仪aerological theodolite 测风经纬仪radiosonde 无线电探空仪dropsonde 下投式探空仪constant level balloon 定高气球ultrasonic anemometer 超声测风仪ceiling balloon 云幂气球meteorological aircraft 气象飞机snow scale,snow depth scale 量雪尺weighting snow-gauge 称雪器drosometer, dewgauge 测露表frozen soil apparatus 冻土器sonde 探空仪profiler 廓线仪meteorological rocket 气象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天气雷达meteorological radar 气象雷达lidar 激光雷达sodar, acoustic radar 声[雷]达Doppler radar 多普勒天气雷达incoherent radar 非相干雷达radar network composite 雷达组网radar sounding 雷达探空windfinding radar 测风雷达Doppler sodar 多普勒声达Doppler lidar 多普勒激光雷达MST radar MST雷达UHF Doppler radar 超高频雷达VHF radar 甚高频雷达coherent memory filter,CMF 相干存储滤波器radar rainfall integrator 雷达雨量积分器range velocity display, RVD 距离速度显示velocity azimuth display, V AD 速度方位显示constant altitude plan position indicator, CAPPI 等高平面位置显示器plan postion indicator, PPI 平面位置显示器plan shear indicator, PSI 平面切变显示器velocity azimuth range display, V ARD 速度方位距离显示radarsonde 雷达测风仪atmospheric remote sensing 大气遥感inverse technique 反演法temperature retrieval 温度反演inversion of satellite sounding 卫星探测反演meteorological satellite 气象卫星NIMBUS 雨云卫星NOAA 诺阿卫星polar-orbiting meteorological satellite 极轨气象卫星TIROS 泰罗斯卫星TIROS-N 泰罗斯-N卫星ESSA 艾萨卫星ITOS 艾托斯卫星geostationary meteorological satellite,GMS 地球静止气象卫星meteorological satellite ground station 气象卫星地面站microwave radiometer 微波辐射仪high resolution interferometric sounder 高分辨[率]干涉探测器high resolution infrared radiation sounder, HRIRS 高分辨[率]红外辐射探测器scanning radiometer, SR 扫描辐射仪very high resolution radiometer, VHRR 甚高分辨率辐射仪vertical temperature profile radiometer 温度垂直廓线辐射仪data collection platform, DCP 资料收集平台automatic picture transmission, APT 自动图象传输high resolution picture transmission, HRPT 高分辨[率]图象传输high resolution facsimile, HR-FAX 高分辨率[云图]传真low resolution facsimile, LR-FAX 低分辨率[云图]传真delay picture transmission, DPT 延时图象传输direct read-out ground station 直读式地面站weather facsimile, WEFAX 天气图传真synoptic data 天气资料non-synoptic data 非天气资料real time data 实时资料non-real time data 非实时资料stretched data 时展资料sub-satellite point [卫星]星下点temporal resolution 时间分辨率spatial resolution 空间分辨率full resolution 全分辨率radiation transfer equation 辐射传输方程atmospheric transmission model 大气传输模式03. 大气物理学atmospheric physics 大气物理[学]cloud physics 云物理学precipitation physics 降水物理学cloud dynamics 云动力学middle atmospheric physics 中层大气物理学aeronomy 高空大气学aerology 高空气象学radio meteorology 无线电气象学boundary layer meteorology 边界层气象学boundary layer climate 边界层气候atmospheric boundary layer 大气边界层air-sea interface 海气界面air-sea exchange 海气交换tracer diffusion experiment 示踪扩散实验surface layer 近地层surface roughness 地面粗糙度atmospheric duct 大气波导advection 平流convection 对流free convection 自由对流forced convection 强迫对流convection cell 对流单体Benard cell 贝纳胞Benard convection 贝纳对流convection model 对流模式updraught 上曳气流downdraught 下曳气流transitional flow 过渡气流dry deposition 干沉降wet deposition 湿沉降aerosol 气溶胶aerosol particle size distribution 气溶胶粒子谱aqueous aerosol 湿气溶胶stratospheric aerosol 平流层气溶胶hail generation zone 冰雹生成区conical hail 锥形冰雹hail embryo 雹核hail lobe 雹瓣hail pellet 雹粒cumulonimbus model 积雨云模式condensation process 凝结过程cloud condensation nuclei, CCN 云凝结核artificial nucleation 人工成核作用cloud top temperature 云顶温度ice-water mixed cloud 冰水混合云cloud structure 云结构cloud particle sampler 云滴采样器cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴谱cloud droplet collector 云滴谱仪raindrop size distribution 雨滴谱drop-size distribution parameter 滴谱参数disdrometer, raindrop disdrometer 雨滴谱仪fog-drop 雾滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 过冷云滴drop spectrum 滴谱collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice needle 冰针ice nucleus 冰核ice point 冰点condensation 凝结evaporation 蒸发potential evaporation 潜在蒸发solidification 凝固deposition 凝华sublimation 升华freezing 冻结freezing nucleus 冻结核condensation nucleus 凝结核salt nucleus 盐核cloud chamber 云室combustion nucleus 燃烧核deposition nucleus 凝华核weather modification 人工影响天气target area 目标区cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 盐粉播撒frost prevention 防霜cloud seeding 播云cloud seeding agent 播云剂artificial precipitation 人工降水hail suppression 防雹fog dissipation 消雾dynamic cloud seeding 动力播云radar meteorology 雷达气象学meteorological radar equation 气象雷达方程radar meteorological observation 雷达气象观测radar reflectivity factor 雷达反射率因子radar equivalent reflectivity factor 雷达等效反射率因子weather echo 天气回波cloud echo 云回波echo wall 回波墙superrefraction echo 超折射回波second trip echo 二次回波incoherent echo 非相干回波coherent echo 相干回波ground echo 地物回波clear air echo 晴空回波convective echo 对流回波whirling echo 涡旋状回波spiral rain-band echo 螺旋雨带回波layered echo 层状回波banded echo 带状回波hook echo 钩状回波weak echo vault 弱回波穹窿precipitation echo 降水回波angel echo 异常回波elevated echo 雨幡回波cell echo 单体回波supercell 超级单体multiple-cell echo 多单体回波echo complex 回波复合体cloud top height, CTH 云顶高度echo depth 回波厚度echo character 回波特征echo analysis 回波分析echo distortion 回波畸变radar reflectivity 雷达反射率superrefraction 超折射negative refraction 负折射tropospheric refraction 对流层折射beam filling coefficient 波束充塞系数range bin 距离库range averaging 距离平均azimuth averaging 方位平均range resolution 距离分辨率azimuth resolution 方位角分辨率number of range samples 距离采样数coherent-video signal 相干视频信号quantized signal 量化信号depolarization ratio 退偏振比rotation band 转动谱带Doppler velocity 多普勒速度range ambiguity 距离模糊maximum unambiguous range 最大不模糊距离velocity ambiguity 速度模糊realtime display 实时显示pattern recognition technique 图形识别技术tracking radar echoes by correlation,TREC 雷达回波相关跟踪法thunderstorm monitoring 雷暴监测gray scale 灰[色标]度cloud attenuation 云衰减precipitation attenuation 降水衰减range attenuation 距离衰减echo synthetic chart 回波综合图iso-echo contour 等回波线normalized echo intensity 归一化回波强度isolated cell 孤立单体weak cell 弱单体satellite meteorology 卫星气象学satellite sounding 卫星探测cloud cluster 云团satellite cloud picture 卫星云图sectorized cloud picture 分区云图picture mosaic 拼图image processing 图象处理distortion correction 畸变校正infrared cloud picture 红外云图visible cloud picture 可见光云图nulti-spectral image, MSI 多波段图象microwave image 微波图象image resolution 图象分辨率digitized cloud map 数字化云图enhanced cloud picture 增强云图false-color cloud picture 假彩色云图pseudo-color cloud picture 伪彩色云图full-disc cloud picture 全景圆盘云图nephanalysis 云[层]分析图brightness temperature 亮度温度cloud coverage 云覆盖区cloud street 云街cloud line 云线spiral cloud band 螺旋云带monsoon cloud cluster 季风云团tropical cloud cluster 热带云团squall cloud 飑线云shield cloud 盾状云open [cloud] cells 开口型细胞状云close [cloud] cells 封闭型细胞状云cellular pattern 细胞状云cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗点云系banded cloud system 带状云系vortex cloud system 涡旋云系jet stream cloud system 急流云系satellite derived wind 卫星云迹风satellite cloud picture analysis 卫星云图分析limb scanning method 临边扫描法limb retrieval 临边反演occultation method 掩星法backscatter ultraviolet technique 紫外辐射后向散射法linear inversion 线性反演water vapor retrieval 水汽反演humidity retrieval 湿度反演limb brightening 临边增亮limb darkening 临边变暗sun glint 日照亮斑atmospheric radiation 大气辐射solar radiation 太阳辐射solar constant 太阳常数monochromatic radiation 单色辐射outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外长波辐射visible light 可见光radiation balance 辐射平衡global radiation 总辐射direct radiation 直接辐射effective radiation 有效辐射scattered radiation 散射辐射diffuse radiation 漫射辐射sky radiation 天空辐射upward [tatal] radiation 向上[全]辐射downward [total] radiation 向下[全]辐射incoming radiation 入射辐射equivalent clear column radiance 等效晴空辐射率atmospheric transmissivity 大气透射率Van Allen radiation belt 范艾伦辐射带albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地气系统反照率albedo of underlying surface 下垫面反照率earth radiation belt 地球辐射带nocturnal radiation 夜间辐射atmospheric counter radiation 大气逆辐射radiance 辐射率irradiation 辐照irradiance 辐照度reflected radiation 反射辐射albedo 反照率band model 带模式statistical band model 统计带模式regular band model 规则带模式random Elsasser band model 随机爱尔沙色带模式strong-line approximation 强线近似weak-line approximation 弱线近似planetary temperature 行星温度atmospheric attenuation 大气衰减atmospheric absorption 大气吸收atmospheric window 大气窗[atmospheric] absorptivity [大气]吸收率non-scattering atmosphere 无散射大气extinction coefficient 消光系数atmospheric radioactivity 大气放射性atmospheric optics 大气光学atmospheric optical spectrum 大气光谱atmospheric refraction 大气折射atmospheric optical mass 大气光学质量primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射volume scattering function 体散射函数forward scattering 前向散射backscattering 后向散射scattering cross-section 散射截面backscattering cross-section 后向散射截面one-way attenuation 单程衰减two-way attenuation 双程衰减scattering coefficient 散射系数attenuation coefficient 衰减系数attenuation cross-section 衰减截面absorption cross-section 吸收截面atmospheric polarization 大气偏振night-sky light 夜天光sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大气光学厚度[atmospheric] transparency [大气]透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大气光学现象atmospheric turbidity 大气浑浊度turbidity factor 浑浊因子mirage 蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南极光aurora borealis 北极光anthelion 反日parhelion 假日paraselene 假月46° halo 46度晕22° halo 22度晕solar halo 日晕lunar halo 月晕solar corona 日华lunar corona 月华rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓halo 晕corona 华twilight colors 霞airglow 气辉aurora 极光glory 宝光[环]atmospheric electricity 大气电学fair weather electric field 晴天电场air discharge 空中放电cloud-to-cloud discharge, intercloud discharge 云标放电cloud discharge 云放电cloud-to-ground discharge 云地[间]放电ionospheric storm 电离层暴ionospheric sudden disturbance 电离层突扰magnetic storm 磁暴atmospheric electric conductivity 大气电导率atmospheric acoustics 大气声学acoustic sounding 声学探测04. 大气化学atmospheric chemistry 大气化学atmospheric photochemistry 大气光化学atmospheric photolysis 大气光解作用atmospheric ozone 大气臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大气痕量气体photochemical reaction 光化反应photochemical smog 光化烟雾precipitation chemistry 降水化学threshold temperature of ice nucleation 成冰阈温05. 动力气象学dynamic meteorology 动力气象学atmospheric thermodynamics 大气热力学sensible heat 感热latent heat 潜热reversible adiabatic process 可逆绝热过程irreversible adiabatic process 不可逆绝热过程moisture inversion 逆湿thermodynamic equation 热力学方程temperature inversion 逆温turbulence inversion 湍流逆温surface inversion 地面逆温radiation inversion 辐射逆温capping inversion 覆盖逆温subsidence inversion 下沉逆温frontal inversion 锋面逆温inversion layer 逆温层isentropic chart 等熵面图tephigram 温熵图T-ln p diagram 温度-对数压力图temperature gradient 温度梯度temperature advection 温度平流adiabatic ascending 绝热上升adiabatic sinking 绝热下沉adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic heating 绝热增温pseudo-adiabatic process 假绝热过程diabatic process 非绝热过程convective condensation level, CCL 对流凝结高度mixing condensation level 混合凝结高度temperature lapse rate 气温直减率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干绝热直减率moist adiabatic lapse rate 湿绝热直减率condensation level, CL 凝结高度condensation efficiency 凝结效率thermal stratification 热力层结equivalent temperature 相当温度virtual temperature 虚温dry adiabatic process 干绝热过程moist adiabatic process 湿绝热过程adiabatic diagram 绝热图pseudo-adiabatic diagram 假绝热图pseudo-adiabatic lapse rate 假绝热直减率potential temperature 位温pseudo-equivalent potential temperature 假相当位温wet-bulb potential temperature 湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo potential temperature 假湿球位温wet-bulb pseudo-temperature 假湿球温度atmospheric dynamics 大气动力学equation of motion 运动方程continuity equation 连续方程equation of state 状态方程vorticity equation 涡度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流体静力方程ω-equation ω方程perturbation equation 扰动方程thermal wind equation 热成风方程moisture [conservation] equation 水汽守恒方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜压过程Reynolds stress 雷诺应力meteorological wind tunnel 气象风洞equivalent barotropic atmosphere 相当正压大气hydrostatic adjustment process 静力适应过程geostrophic adjustment 地转适应available potential energy 有效位能enstrophy 涡动拟能geopotential meter 位势米geopotential height 位势高度inertial instability 惯性不稳定free convection level 自由对流高度[atmospheric] stability [大气]稳定度[atmospheric] instability [大气]不稳定度static stability 静力稳定度index of stability 稳定度指数absolute stability 绝对稳定absolute instability 绝对不稳定neutral stability 中性稳定conditional instability 条件[性]不稳定inertial stability 惯性稳定度convective instability 对流不稳定convective stability 对流[性]稳定度atmospheric disturbance 大气扰动nonlinear instability 非线性不稳定[性] conditional instability of the second kind, CISK 第二类条件[性]不稳定shearing instability 切变不稳定barotropic instability 正压不稳定baroclinic instability 斜压不稳定latent instability 潜在不稳定conservation of potential vorticity 位涡守恒tendency equation 倾向方程z-coordinate z坐标p-coordinate p坐标σ-coordinate σ坐标θ-coordinate 位温坐标hybrid coordinate 混合坐标convergence 辐合divergence 辐散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度steering flow 引导气流vorticity 涡度relative vorticity 相对涡度absolute vorticity 绝对涡度planetary vorticity 行星涡度β-plane β平面conservation of absolute vorticity 绝对涡度守恒geostrophic vorticity 地转涡度cyclonic vorticity 气旋性涡度anticyclonic vorticity 反气旋涡度shearing vorticity 切变涡度curvature vorticity 曲率涡度potential vorticity 位势涡度eddy conductivity 涡动传导率eddy viscosity 涡动粘滞率friction velocity 摩擦速度eddy shearing stress 涡动切应力atmospheric wave 大气波动adjustment of longwave 长波调整inertia wave 惯性波baroclinic wave 斜压波barotropic wave 正压波gravity wave 重力波inertia-gravity wave 惯性重力波internal gravity wave 重力内波external gravity wave 重力外波gravity wave drag 重力波拖曳drag coefficient 拖曳系数orographic drag 地形拖曳orographic wave 地形波lee wave 背风波Helmholtz wave 赫姆霍兹波Kelvin wave 开尔文波Lamb wave 兰姆波Rossby wave 罗斯贝波stationary wave 定常波transient wave 瞬变波solitary wave 孤立波progressive wave 前进波retrograde wave 后退波shearing wave 切变波mixed Rossby-gravity wave 混合罗斯贝重力波ultra-long wave 超长波atmospheric noise 大气噪声Prandtl number 普朗特数Rayleigh number 瑞利数Reynolds number 雷诺数Richardson number 里查森数Froude number 弗劳德数Rossby number 罗斯贝数rotating dishpan experiment 转盘实验Hadley regime 哈得来域Rossby regime 罗斯贝域mixing layer 混合层non-divergence level 无辐散层cyclostrophic wind 旋衡风gradient wind 梯度风countergradient wind 反梯度风subgradient wind 次梯度风supergradient wind 超梯度风thermal wind 热成风veering wind 顺转风backing wind 逆转风wind shear 风切变geostrophic wind 地转风antitriptic wind 摩擦风subgeostrophic wind 次地转风supergeostrophic wind 超地转风ageostrophic wind 非地转风isallobaric wind 变压风jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream 南支急流basic flow 基本气流subtropical jet stream 副热带急流axis of jet stream 急流轴streamline 流线westerly jet 西风急流convective cloud 对流云deep convection 深对流shallow convection 浅对流line convection 线对流Ekman flow 埃克曼流thermal convection 热对流moist convection 湿对流cumulus convection 积云对流mesoscale convective system, MCS 中尺度对流系统warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升气流downward flow 下沉气流convective adjustment 对流调整convective parameterization 对流参数化mesoscale convective complex, MCC 中尺度对流复合体geostrophic motion 地转运动quasi-geostrophic motion 准地转运动semi-geostrophic motion 半地转运动ageostrophic motion 非地转运动irrotational motion 无旋运动nondivergent motion 无辐散运动baroclinic atmosphere 斜压大气barotropic atmosphere 正压大气baroclinic mode 斜压模态barotropic mode 正压模态normal mode 正规模态Ekman layer 埃克曼层Ekman spiral 埃克曼螺线atmospheric circulation 大气环流meridional circulation 经向环流zonal circulation 纬向环流Hadley cell 哈得来环流Walker cell 沃克环流direct circulation 直接环流indirect circulation 间接环流[圈]trade-wind circulation 信风环流circulation cell 环流圈local circulation 局地环流three-cell [meridional] circulation 三圈经向环流circulation index 环流指数high index 高指数low index 低指数index cycle 指数循环circulation theorem 环流定理Kelvin's theorem of circulation 开尔文环流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮叶克尼斯环流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道气流adjustment of circulation 环流调整mesospheric circulation 中间层环流large-scale circulation 大尺度环流atmospheric center of action 大气活动中心stratospheric sudden warming 平流层爆发[性]增温atmospheric turbulence 大气湍流eddy 涡旋flux 通量turbulent flux 湍流通量isotropic turbulence 各向同性湍流mixing length 混合长K theory of turbulence 湍流[WTHZ]K[WT][HT5H]理论Prandtl mixing-length theory 普朗特混合长理论turbulent boundary layer 湍流边界层laminar boundary layer 层流边界层turbulence spectrum 湍流谱turbulence energy 湍流能量turbulent exchange 湍流交换turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散Eliassen-Palm flux EP通量lateral mixing 侧向混合chaos 混沌numerical weather prediction, NWP 数值天气预报model output statistic prediction, MOS prediction 模式输出统计预报equivalent barotropic model 相当正压模式quasi-geostrophic model 准地转模式filtered model 过滤模式adiabatic model 绝热模式primitive equation model 原始方程模式mesoscale model 中尺度模式scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天气尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度meso-α scale α中尺度meso-β scale β中尺度meso-γ scale γ中尺度spectral model 谱模式movable fine-mesh model 可移动细网格模式semi-implicit scheme 半隐式格式conservation scheme 守恒格式finite difference model 差分模式upstream scheme 迎风差格式computational instability 线性计算不稳定perturbation method 小扰动法energy cascade 能量串级objective analysis 客观分析physical mode 物理模[态]computational mode 计算模[态]model resolution 模式分辨率skill score 技巧分subgrid scale parameterization 次网格尺度参数化normal mode initialization 正规模[态]初值化dynamic initialization 动力初值化static initialization 静力初值化four-dimensional data assimilation 四维资料同化rigid boundary condition 刚体边界条件spongy boundary condition 海绵边界条件first guess 初估值time smoothing 时间平滑space smoothing 空间平滑。

来自英文网站的专业气象词汇

关于天气，天气预报的一些词汇和解释（来自英文网站/er/box/glossary.htm）Terms used by meteorologists, forecasters, weather observers,and in weather forecastsAblation- The process of being removed. Snow ablation usually refers to removal by meltingAbsolute Humidity- The density of water vapor. It is the mass of the water vapor divided by the volume that it occupies.Accretion- Growth of precipitation particles by collision of ice crystals with super cooled liquid droplets which freeze on impactAccessory Clouds- Clouds that are dependent on a larger cloud system for development and continuance. Accessory clouds associated with the thunderstorm include roll, shelf, mammatus, and wall clouds.Acid Rain- Cloud or rain droplets containing pollutants, such as oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, to make them acidic (e.g. pH < 5.6).Additive data- A group of coded remarks in a weather observation that includes pressure tendency, amount of precipitation, and maximum/minimum temperature during specified periods of time.Adiabatic- changes in temperature caused by the expansion (cooling) or compression (warming) of a body of air as it rises or descends in the atmosphere.Adiabatic Process- The change of temperature of air without transferring heat. In an adiabatic process compression results in warming, and expansion results in cooling.Advection- The horizontal transport of air, moisture or other atmospheric properties. Commonly used with temperatures, i.e., "warm air advection".Advection Fog- a type of fog that results from the advection of moist air over a cold surface and the cooling of the air to its dew point that follows; this type of fog is most common in coastal regions.Advisory- Advisories are issued for weather situations that cause significant inconveniences but do not meet warning criteria and, if caution is not exercised,could lead to life-threatening situations. Advisories are issued for significant events that are occurring, are imminent, or have a very high probability of occurrence.Aerosol- Particles of matter, solid or liquid, larger than a molecule but small enough to remain suspended in the atmosphere (up to 100? m diameter). Natural origins include salt particles from sea spray and clay particles as a result of weathering of rocks. Aerosols can also originate as a result of man's activities and in this case are often considered pollutants.Aerovane- Aerovanes are commonly used at many weather stations and airports to measure both wind direction and speed. They are similar to wind vanes and cup anemometers except have three-bladed propellers attached to the end of the vane.AFOS- the Automation of Field Operations and Services; AFOS is the computer system that links National Weather Service offices and other computer networks, such as the NOAA Weather Wire, to transmit weather information.AGL- above ground level.Air- the mixture of gases that make-up the earth's atmosphere.Air Mass- A large body of air that has similar horizontal temperature and moisture characteristics.Air-mass Thunderstorm- Generally, a thunderstorm not associated with a front or other type of synoptic-scale forcing mechanism. Air mass thunderstorms typically are associated with warm, humid air in the summer months; they develop during the afternoon in response to insolation, and dissipate rather quickly after sunset.Air Parcel- An imaginary small body of air that is used to explain the behavior of air. A parcel is large enough to contain a very great number of molecules, but small enough so that the properties assigned to it are approximately uniform throughout.Air Pollution- The existence in the air of substances in concentrations that are determined unacceptable. Contaminants in the air we breathe come mainly from manufacturing industries, electric power plants, automobiles, buses, and trucks.Air Pressure- (atmospheric pressure) air pressure is the force exerted on asurface by the weight of the air above it. The internationally recognized unit for measuring this pressure is the kilopascal.Airstream- A significant body of air flowing in the same general circulation. Albedo- The percentage of light reflected by an object. Snow covered areas have a high albedo (0.9 or 90%) due to their white color.Alberta Clipper- A small, fast-moving low-pressure system that forms in western Canada and travels southeastward into the United States. These storms, which generally bring little precipitation, generally precede an Arctic air mass.Altimeter- An active instrument (see active system) used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.Altimeter setting- That pressure value to which an aircraft altimeter scale is set so that it will indicate the altitude above mean sea-level of an aircraft on the ground at the location for which the value was determined.Altitude- Height expressed as the distance above a reference point, which is normally sea level or ground level.Altocumulus- Mid-altitude clouds with a cumuliform shape.Altostratus- Mid-altitude clouds with a flat sheet-like shape.Anabatic- wind flowing up an incline, such as up a hillside; upslope wind. Anafront- A front at which the warm is ascending the frontal surface up to high altitudes.Anemometer- An instrument that measures wind speed.Aneroid barometer- An instrument built around a metal structure that bends with changing air pressure. These changes are recorded on a pointer that moves back and forth across a printed scale.Angular Momentum- the energy of motion of a spinning body or mass of air or water.Angular Velocity- the rate at which a spinning body rotates.Anomaly- The deviation of (usually) temperature or precipitation in a given region over a specified period from the normal value for the same region.Anticyclone- A large body of air in which the atmospheric pressure is higher than the pressure in the surrounding air. The winds blow clockwise around an anticyclone in in the Northern Hemisphere.Anticyclonic- describes the movement of air around a high pressure, and rotation about the local vertical opposite the earth's rotation. This is clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere.Anvil Cloud- The flat, spreading top of a Cb (cumulonimbus), often shaped like an anvil. Thunderstorm anvils may spread hundreds of miles downwind from the thunderstorm itself, and sometimes may spread upwind (seeback-sheared anvil).Anvil Crawler - A lightning discharge occurring within the anvil of a thunderstorm, characterized by one or more channels that appear to crawl along the underside of the anvil. They typically appear during the weakening or dissipating stage of the parent thunderstorm, or during an active MCS.Anvil Dome - A large overshooting top or penetrating top.Anvil Rollover - A circular or semicircular lip of clouds along the underside of the upwind part of a back-sheared anvil, indicating rapid expansion of the anvil. See cumuliform anvil, knuckles, mushroom.Anvil Zits - Frequent (often continuous or nearly continuous), localized lightning discharges occurring from within a thunderstorm anvil.Arctic Air- a mass of very cold, dry air that usually originates over the Arctic Ocean north of Canada and Alaska.Arctic High- a very cold high pressure that originates over the Arctic Ocean.Arcus- A low, horizontal cloud formation associated with the leading edge of thunderstorm outflow (i.e., the gust front). Roll clouds and shelf clouds both are types of arcus clouds.Aridity- A general term used to describe areas suffering from lack of rain or drought. More specifically, a condition in which evaporation exceeds precipitation.ASOS- Automated Surface Observing System. This system observes sky conditions, temperature and dewpoint, wind direction and speed, and barometric pressure, and precipitation.Atmosphere- The mass of air surrounding the earth and bound to it more or less permanently by the earth's gravitational attraction.Atmospheric Pressure- (also called air pressure or barometric pressure) The pressure asserted by the mass of the column of air directly above any specific point.Atmospheric Stability- An indication of how easily a parcel of air is lifted. If the air is very stable it is difficult to make the parcel rise. If the air is very unstable the parcel may rise on its own once started.Aurora Borealis- Also known as the northern lights - The luminous, radiant emission from the upper atmosphere over middle and high latitudes, and centered around the earth's magnetic poles. These silent fireworks are often seen on clear winter nights in a variety of shapes and colors.Automated Weather Station- An unmanned station with various sensors that measure weather elements such as temperature/wind/pressure and transmit these readings for use by meteorologists.VHRR- Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. Main sensor on U.S. polar orbiting satellites.Avalanche- a large mass of rapidly moving snow down a steep mountain slope.AVN- Aviation Model generated every 12 hours by NCEP.AWIPS- Advanced Weather Information Processing System. New NWS computer system integrating graphics, satellite and radar imagery. The successor to AFOS.Back Door Cold Front- A front that moves east to west in direction rather than the normal west to east movement. For instance, one that enters Southern New England from the Gulf of Maine.Back-building Thunderstorm- A thunderstorm in which new development takes place on the upwind side (usually the west or southwest side), such that the storm seems to remain stationary or propagate in a backward direction. Back-sheared Anvil- A thunderstorm anvil which spreads upwind, against the flow aloft. A back-sheared anvil often implies a very strong updraft and a high severe weather potential.Backing Wind- Wind which shifts in a counterclockwise direction with time at a given location (e.g. from southerly to southeasterly), or change direction in a counterclockwise sense with height (e.g. westerly at the surface but becoming more southerly aloft). Backing winds with height are indicative of cold air advection (CAA). The opposite of veering winds.Ball lightning- A relatively rarely seen form of lightning, generally consisting of an orange or reddish ball of the order of a few cm to 30 cm in diameter and of moderate luminosity, which may move up to 1 m/s horizontally with a lifetime of a second or two.Barber Pole- A thunderstorm updraft with a visual appearance including cloud striations that are curved in a manner similar to the stripes of a barber pole. The structure typically is most pronounced on the leading edge of the updraft, while drier air from the rear flank downdraft often erodes the clouds on the trailing side of the updraft.Baroclinic Zone- A region in which a temperature gradient exists on a constant pressure surface. Baroclinic zones are favored areas for strengthening and weakening systems.Barogram- The graphic record of pressure produced by a barograph. Barograph- An instrument that provides a continuous record of atmospheric pressure.Barometer- An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.Barometric pressure- The actual pressure value indicated by a pressure sensor.Barometric Tendency- The amount and direction of change in barometer readings over a three-hour period.Barotropic System- A weather system in which temperature and pressure surfaces are coincident, i.e., temperature is uniform (no temperature gradient) on a constant pressure surface. Barotropic systems are characterized by a lack of wind shear, and thus are generally unfavorable areas for severe thunderstorm development.Bear's Cage- A region of storm-scale rotation, in a thunderstorm, which is wrapped in heavy precipitation. This area often coincides with a radar hook echo and/or mesocyclone, especially one associated with an HP storm. The term reflects the danger involved in observing such an area visually, whichmust be done at close range in low visibility.Beaufort Scale- A scale that indicates the wind speed using the effect wind has on certain familiar objects.Beaver('s) Tail- A particular type of inflow band with a relatively broad, flat appearance suggestive of a beaver's tail. It is attached to a supercell's general updraft and is oriented roughly parallel to the pseudo-warm front, i.e., usually east to west or southeast to northwest.Black Ice- thin, new ice that forms on fresh water or dew covered surfaces; it is common on roadways during the fall and early winter and appears "black" because of its transparency.Blizzard- Includes winter storm conditions of sustained winds or frequent gusts of 35 mph or more that cause major blowing and drifting of snow, reducing visibility to less than one-quarter mile for 3 or more hours. Extremely cold temperatures often are associated with dangerous blizzard conditions. Blizzard warning- Issued when blizzard condition are expected or are occurring.Blocking High- A high pressure area (anticyclone), often aloft, that remains nearly stationary or moves slowly compared to west-to-east motion. It blocks the movement eastward movement of low pressure areas (cyclones) at its latitude..Blowing Dust- dust that is raised by the wind to moderate heights above the ground to a degree that horizontal visibility decreases to less than seven miles. Visibilities of 1/8 mile or less over a widespread area are criteria for a Blowing Dust Advisory.Blowing Sand- Sand particles picked up from the surface of the earth by the wind to moderate heights above the ground, reducing the reported horizontal visibility to less than 7 statute miles.Blowing Snow- Wind driven snow that reduces visibility to six miles or less causing significant drifting. Blowing snow may be snow that is falling and/or loose snow on the ground picked up by the wind.Blowing spray- Water droplets torn by the wind from a body of water, generally from the crests of waves, and carried up into the air in such quantities that they reduce the reported horizontal visibility to less than 7 statute miles.Blustery- Descriptive term for gusty winds that accompany cold weather. Bomb Cyclone- An extratropical area of low pressure in which the central pressure drops at least 24 millibars in 24 hours.Boundary Layer- In general, a layer of air adjacent to a bounding surface. Specifically, the term most often refers to the planetary boundary layer, which is the layer within which the effects of friction are significant. For the earth, this layer is considered to be roughly the lowest one or two kilometers of the atmosphere.Bow echo- A radar echo which is linear but bent outward in a bowshape. Damaging straight-line winds often occur near the "crest" or center of a bowecho. Areas of circulation also can develop at either end of a bow echo, which sometimes can lead to tornado formation - especially in the left (usually northern) end, where the circulation exhibits cyclonic rotation.Box (or Watch Box) - A severe thunderstorm or tornado watch.Breezy- Wind in the range of 15 mph to 25 mph with mild or warm temperatures.Brisk- Wind in the range of 15 to 25 mph when the temperature is cold. Broken Clouds- Clouds which cover between 5/8ths and 7/8ths of the sky. Buoyancy- That property of an object that enables it to float on the surface of a liquid, or as in the case with air parcels, to ascend and remain freely suspended in the atmosphere.Bubble High- A mesoscale area of high pressure, typically associated with cooler air from the rainy downdraft area of a thunderstorm or a complex of thunderstorms. A gust front or outflow boundary separates a bubble high from the surrounding air.Bulk Richardson Number (or BRN)- A non-dimensional number relating vertical stability and vertical shear (generally, stability divided by shear). High values indicate unstable and/or weakly-sheared environments; low values indicate weak instability and/or strong vertical shear. Generally, values in the range of around 50 to 100 suggest environmental conditions favorable for supercell development.Bust- An inaccurate forecast, usually a situation in which significant weather is expected, but does not occur.BWER - Bounded Weak Echo Region. (Also known as a vault.) Radar signature within a thunderstorm characterized by a local minimum in radar reflectivity at low levels which extends upward into, and is surrounded by, higher reflectivities aloft. This feature is associated with a strong updraft and is almost always found in the inflow region of a thunderstorm. It cannot be seen visually.CAA- Cold Air AdvectionCalm- the absence of apparent motion in the air.Cap (or Capping Inversion)- A layer of relatively warm air aloft (usually several thousand feet above the ground) which suppresses or delays the development of thunderstorms. Air parcels rising into this layer become cooler than the surrounding air, which inhibits their ability to rise further. As such, the cap often prevents or delays thunderstorm development even in the presence of extreme instability.CAPE- Convective Available Potential Energy. A measure of the amount of energy available for convection. CAPE is directly related to the maximum potential vertical speed within an updraft; thus, higher values indicate greater potential for severe weather. Observed values in thunderstorm environments often may exceed 1,000 joules per kilogram (j/kg), and in extreme cases may exceed 5,000 j/kg. However, as with other indices or indicators, there are no threshold values above which severe weather becomes imminent.Cb- Cumulonimbus cloudCeiling- The height of the lowest layer of broken or overcast clouds. Ceilometer- A device used to evaluate the height of clouds or the vertical visibility into a surface-based obscuration.Cell- Convection in the form of a single updraft, downdraft, orupdraft/downdraft couplet, typically seen as a vertical dome or tower as in a cumulus or towering cumulus cloud. A typical thunderstorm consists of several cellsCelsius- a temperature scale in which zero is the freezing point of water and one hundred is the boiling point.Chance- A 30, 40 or 50 percent chance of occurrence of measurable precipitation.Chinook Wind- A strong downslope wind that causes the air to warm rapidly as a result of compressive heating; called a foehn wind in Europe.Circulation- The pattern of the movement of air. General circulation is the flow of air of large, semi-permanent weather systems, while secondary circulation is the flow of air of more temporary weather systems.Cirriform- High altitude ice clouds with a very thin wispy appearance.Cirrocumulus- Cirrus clouds with vertical development.Cirrostratus- Cirrus clouds with a flat sheetlike appearance.Cirrus- High clouds, usually above 18,000 feet, composed of ice crystals and appearing in the form of white, delicate filaments or white or mostly white patches or narrow bands.Clear- Sky condition of less than 1/10 cloud coverage.Clear Slot- A local region of clearing skies or reduced cloud cover, indicating an intrusion of drier air; often seen as a bright area with higher cloud bases on the west or southwest side of a wall cloud.Climate-The prevalent long term weather conditions in a particular area. Climatic elements include precipitation, temperature, humidity, sunshine and windvelocity and phenomena such as fog, frost, and hail storms. Climate cannot be considered a satisfactory indicator of actual conditions since it is based upon a vast number of elements taken as an average.Climate change- This strictly refers to all forms of climatic inconsistency. But it is often used in a more restricted sense to imply a significant change. Within the media, climate change has been used synonymously with global warming. Scientists, however, use the term in a wider sense to include past climate changes also.Climate Normals- Averages of temperatures, precipitation, snowfall, etc. made over standard 30 year periods. These normals span across 3 decades and are rederived every 10 years.Climatology- the scientific study of climate.Closed Low- A low pressure area with a distinct center of cyclonic circulation which can be completely encircled by one or more isobars or height contour lines. The term usually is used to distinguish a low pressure area aloft from a low-pressure trough. Closed lows aloft typically are partially or completely detached from the main westerly current, and thus move relatively slowly.Cloud- A visible cluster of tiny water and/or ice particles in the atmosphere.Cloud Base- For a given cloud or cloud layer, it is the lowest level in the atmosphere where cloud particles are visible.Cloud Condensation Nuclei- small particles in the air on which water vapor condenses and forms cloud droplets.Cloud Streets- Rows of cumulus or cumulus-type clouds aligned parallel to the low-level flow. Cloud streets sometimes can be seen from the ground, but are seen best on satellite photographs.Cloud Tags - Ragged, detached cloud fragments; fractus or scud.Cloudburst- A sudden, intense rainfall that is normally of short duration.Cloudy- the state of the sky when 7/10ths or more of the sky is covered by clouds.Coastal Flood Warning- Issued when there is widespread coastal flooding expected within 12 hours, more than just typical overwash.Coastal Flooding- The inundation of land areas along the coast caused by sea water above normal tidal actions. This is often caused by prolonged strong onshore flow of wind and/or high astronomical tides.Coastal Forecast- A forecast of wind, wave and weather conditions between the coastline and 25 miles offshore.Coastal Waters- include the area from a line approximating the mean high water along the mainland or island as far out as 25 miles including the bays, harbors and sounds.Cold Advection- (CAA) Transport of cold air into a region by horizontal winds.Cold Air Damming- Cold air damming occurs when a cold dome of high pressure settles over northeastern New England. The clockwise circulation around the high pressure center brings northeasterly winds to the mid Atlanticregion. The northeasterly winds bank cold air against the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. Warmer air from the west or southwest is lifted above the cold air as it moves instead of warming the surface.Cold-air Funnel- A funnel cloud or (rarely) a small, relatively weak tornado that can develop from a small shower or thunderstorm when the air aloft is unusually cold (hence the name). They are much less violent than other types of tornadoes.Cold Front- A narrow transition zone separating advancing colder air from retreating warmer air. The air behind a cold front is cooler and typically drier than the air it is replacing.Cold Low- a low pressure system with cold air mass from near the surface to all vertical levels (also called a cold core low).Cold Pool- A region of relatively cold air, represented on a weather map analysis as a relative minimum in temperature surrounded by closed isotherms. Cold pools aloft represent regions of relatively low stability, whilesurface-based cold pools are regions of relatively stable air.Collar Cloud- Frequently used as a synonym for wall cloud, although it actually is a generally circular ring of cloud surrounding the upper portion of a wall cloud.Comma Cloud- A synoptic scale cloud pattern with a characteristiccomma-like shape, often seen on satellite photographs associated with large and intense low-pressure systems.Condensation- The process by which water vapor becomes a liquid; the opposite of evaporation, which is the conversion of liquid to vapor.Condensation Nuclei- Small particles in the air around which water vapor condenses.Conduction- The transfer of heat by molecular action between bodies that are in contact.Confluence- A pattern of wind flow in which air flows inward toward an axis oriented parallel to the general direction of flow. It is the opposite of difluence. Confluence is not the same as convergence. Winds often accelerate as they enter a confluent zone, resulting in speed divergence which offsets the (apparent) converging effect of the confluent flow.Congestus (or Cumulus Congestus)- A large cumulus cloud with great vertical development, usually with a cauliflower-like appearance, but lacking the characteristic anvil shaped top of a Cb.Continental Air Mass- A dry air mass originating over a large land area.Contrail- A cloud-like stream formed in cold, clear air behind the engines of an airplane.Convection- The transfer of heat within a the air by its movement. The term is used specifically to describe vertical transport of heat and moisture, especially by updrafts and downdrafts in an unstable atmosphere.Convective Outlook- A forecast containing the area(s) of expected thunderstorm occurrence and expected severity over the contiguous United States, issued several times daily by the SPC.Convective Temperature- The approximate temperature that the air near the ground must warm to in order for surface-based convection to develop, based on analysis of a sounding.Convergence- An atmospheric condition that exists when the winds cause a horizontal net inflow of air into a specified region. Divergence is the opposite, where winds cause a horizontal net outflow of air from a specified region. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)- The time in the zero degree meridian time zone.Combined Seas- The combined height of swell and wind waves.Cooling Degree Day- A form of degree day used to estimate the required energy for cooling. one cooling degree day occurs for each degree the daily mean temperature is above 65 degrees Fahrenheit.Coriolis Force- An apparent force caused by the rotation of the Earth. In the Northern Hemisphere winds are deflected to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere to the left. In synoptic scale weather systems (hurricanes and large mid-latitude storms), the Coriolis force causes the air to rotate around a low pressure center in a cyclonic direction. The air flowing around a hurricane spins counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphereCorona- a disk of light surrounding the sun or moon; this is a result of the diffraction of light by small water droplets.CRS- Console Replacement System. This consists of a computer system and computer voice that is used to automate NOAA Weather Radio. Cumulonimbus Cloud- A vertically developed cloud, often capped by an anvil shaped cloud. Also called a thunderstorm cloud, it is frequently accompanied by heavy showers, lightning, thunder, and sometimes hail or gusty winds.Cumulus Cloud- A cloud in the shape of individual detached domes, with a flat base and a bulging upper portion resembling cauliflower.Cumulus Congestus- A large cumulus cloud with great vertical development, usually with a cauliflower-like appearance, but lacking the characteristic anvil shaped top of a Cb.Cut Off Low- An upper level low pressure system that is no longer in the normal west to east upper air flow. Usually a cut-off low will lie to the South of the established upper air flow.Cyclogenesis- Development or intensification of a low-pressure center Cyclone- An area of low pressure around which winds blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere. Also the term used for a hurricane in the Indian Ocean and in the Western Pacific Ocean.Cyclonic Circulation (or Cyclonic Rotation)- Circulation (or rotation) which is in the same sense as the Earth's rotation, i.e., counterclockwise (in the Northern Hemisphere) as would be seen from above.Dart Leader- In lightning, the leader which, after the first stroke, initiates each succeeding stroke of a composite flash of lightning.Debris Cloud- A rotating "cloud" of dust or debris, near or on the ground, often appearing beneath a condensation funnel and surrounding the base of a tornado.Decouple- The tendency for the surface wind to become much lighter than wind above it at night when the surface temperature cools.Degree Day- a measure of the departure of the daily mean temperature from the normal daily temperature; heating and cooling Degree Days are the departure of the daily mean temperature from sixty-five degrees Fahrenheit. Dendrite- hexagonal ice crystals with complex and often fernlike branches.Dense Fog- a fog in which the visibility is less than one-quarter mile.。

常用专业英语词汇集锦

2
5W37 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
A/I ABB ABC ABM AI APP APQP APS AQL ASP ASSY ATE ATP AVL B/I
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
液晶顯示器逐批訂購法後進先出長期供貨合約最小總成本法最小單位成本主要主要缺點目標管理材料不良報告機械工程製造執行系統製造部(業) 次要次要缺點資訊中心製造通知作業指導書量產主要生產計劃材料審查委員會製造資源計劃 “材料安全數據表”，是一份危险物质的详细的安全数据说明书，主要内容包括危险物质的理化参数，危险特性，毒性参数，接触限制，健康和环境危害，安全运输、贮存和使用注意事项，泄漏应急处置，急救措施以及有关的法律法规等方面的信息。其主要作用是使用户明了危险物质的有关危害，在运输、储存、使用、处置的过程中能主动进行防护，从而减少职业危害、预防危害事故发生并减少对环境的负面影响。平均失效時間生產驗證測試更改預估量的通知作業指導書過電流保護原始設計生產原始配備生產線上分析處理
物料清單企業流程再造平衡績分卡計劃生產訂單生產製程準確度電腦輔助設計/製造儀器校驗 (儀校) 改善對策報告客戶抱怨/要求索取費用無法複製,異常現象消失製程精密度每一百萬個使用者會有幾次抱怨嚴重缺點(CR>MA>MI) 客戶關係管理產能需求規劃客戶服務限制驅導式排程法文件控制中心 (會計) 帳目通知
六. Abbreviation No. 1 簡稱 5M1E 英文人（Men）、機器（Machine）、材料（Material）、方法（Method）、環境（Environment）和測量（Measurement） 1.What發生什麼事情。 2.When何時發生。 3.Who與何對象有關（人、事、物）。 4.Where在何處發生。 5.why為什麼。 6.How many發生的次數或數量。 7.How much損失多大。 8.How如何。 1D選定主題：問題發掘，選定我們要解決的問題。 2D問題描述：一般運用圖表或資料來描述問題發生的現象。 3D臨時對策：擬定在製品/庫存品的處理方案，以防問題擴散。 4D原因分析：分析和檢討問題發生的根源。 5D改善對策：針對問題擬定改善措施，確立責任人和完成時間。 6D效果驗證：對策實施時間及有效性的確認和驗證。 7D長久對策：對策驗證有效後的水準展開，進行系統面的標準化改進。 8D品保確認：品保對標準化效果進行確認結案，並對成果進行總結和報告。 Auto Insertion Activity-Based Budgeting Activity-Based Costing Activity-Base Management auto insertion Aggregated Production Planning Advanced Product Quality Planning Advanced Planning and Scheduling Acceptable Quality Level Application Service Provider Assemble(Assembly) Automatic Test Available To Promise Approved Vendor List Burn-In 自動插件實施作業制預算制度作業制成本制度作業制成本管理自動插件生產計劃大綱前期產品品質規劃先進規畫與排程系統允收品質水準應用程式服務供應商組裝線自動測試(在線測試) 可承諾量合格供應商名冊高溫熱機(老化)過程中文名稱

气象专业英语-第6讲weather forecast today

When presented with changing or conflicting numerical guidance, modern forecasters use these old-fashioned skills as well as their knowledge of both the numerical solution and dynamical meteorology when making the decision to accept or modify the model.
As well as transmitting the familiar pictorial representation of weather systems, satellites also supply large amounts of quantitative data, such as an estimate of upper-air temperatures and winds which can be used in the numerical forecasting process.
moisture
中文解释（物理过程）参数化
水汽
moisture
中文湿度水汽容量水汽通量湿舌湿度廓线
Terms humidity moisture capacity moisture flux moisture tongue moisture profile
Terms parameterization
The human forecaster can also spot erroneous
observations and use his experience and

气象科技英语English ForMeteorological Science and Technology

参考教材

寿绍文等，《气象科技英语教程》，气象出版社，2002 何三宁等，《气象科技英语翻译》，气象出版社，2010 C.Donald Ahrens ，《Meteorology Today》，2009

钱正安，《气象科技英语900句》，气象出版社，1999
盛芝义等，《科技英语900句》，气象出版社，1991
Meteorological 气象的 Aerological 大气学的, 高空的 WMO （World Meteorological Organization) 世界气象组织
temperature profile
中文廓线、剖面廓线仪风廓线风廓线探测雷达
Terms profile profiler wind profile wind profiling radar
后置定语包括介词短语、形容词及其短语、副词、分词及其短语、定语从句等
气象科技英语的语言和文体特点
二、句法特点
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
大量使用被动语态大量使用非谓语动词大量使用名词化结构大量使用后置定语大量使用长句和复杂句
气象科技英语的语言和文体特点
三、修辞特点
句子和时态的使用特点大量使用陈述句型，谓语动词倾向于多用现在时，主要以一般时为主，如一般现在时、过去时和将来时。 2. 语气的使用使用条件句较多，偶尔也会采用虚拟口气，使口吻变得委婉和圆滑。
气象科技英语的语言和文体特点
二、句法特点
1.
2.
3. 4.
大量使用被动语态大量使用非谓语动词大量使用名词化结构大量使用后置定语
后置定语具有简化结构、加强语气、强调动作概念、详解事实等目的 The stratosphere is the atmosphere layer above the troposphere. 平流层是位于对流层上面的大气层

(完整word版)英语基础词汇

(完整word版)英语基础词汇一、学习用品（school things)pen钢笔pencil铅笔pencil-case铅笔盒ruler尺子book 书bag 包comic book漫画书post card明信片newspaper报纸schoolbag书包eraser橡皮crayon蜡笔sharpener卷笔刀story—book故事书notebook笔记本Chinese book语文书English book英语书math book数学书magazine杂志dictionary词典二、身体部位（body）foot脚head头face脸hair头发nose鼻子mouth嘴eye眼睛ear耳朵arm手臂hand手finger手指leg腿tail尾巴三、颜色(colors）red红blue蓝yellow黄green绿white白black黑pink粉红purple紫orange橙brown棕四、动物（animals)cat猫dog狗pig猪duck鸭rabbit兔子horse马elephant大象ant蚂蚁fish鱼bird鸟eagle鹰beaver海狸snake蛇mouse鼠squirrel松鼠kangaroo袋鼠monkey猴子panda熊猫bear熊lion狮tiger老虎fox狐狸zebra斑马deer鹿giraffe长颈鹿goose鹅hen母鸡turkey火鸡lamb小羊sheep绵羊goat山羊cow奶牛donkey驴squid鱿鱼lobster龙虾shark鲨鱼seal海豹sperm whale抹香鲸killer whale虎五、人物(people）friend朋友boy男孩girl女孩mother母亲father父亲sister姐妹brother兄弟uncle叔叔man男人woman女人Mr。

先生Miss小姐(完整word版)英语基础词汇lady女士mom妈妈dad爸爸parents父母grandma/grandmother（外)祖母grandpa/grandfather（外）祖父aunt阿姨cousin堂表兄弟姐妹son儿子baby婴儿kid小孩classmate同学queen女王visitor参观者neighbor邻居principal校长universitystudent大学生pen pal笔友tourist施行者people人物robot机器人六、职业（job）teacher教师student学生doctor医生nurse护士driver司机farmer农民singer歌唱家writer作家actor男演员actress女演员artist画家TV reporter电视台记者engineer工程师accountant会计policeman(男）警察salesperson销售员cleaner清洁工baseball player棒球运动员assistant售货员policeman警察七、食品、饮料（food ＆drink）rice米饭bread面包beef牛肉milk牛奶water水egg蛋fish鱼tofu豆腐cake蛋糕hot dog热狗hamburger汉堡包cookie曲奇French fries暑条biscuit饼干jam果酱noodles面条meat肉chicken鸡肉pork猪肉mutton羊肉vegetable蔬菜salad沙拉soup汤ice冰ice-cream冰淇淋Coca-Cola可口可乐juice果汁tea茶coffee咖啡breakfast早餐lunch午餐dinner/supper晚餐八、水果和蔬菜（fruit ＆vegetable）apple苹果banana香蕉pear梨orange橙watermelon西瓜grape葡萄eggplant茄子green beans青豆tomato西红柿potato土豆peach桃子strawberry草莓cucumber黄瓜onion洋葱carrot胡萝卜cabbage卷心菜九、衣服（clothes）jacket夹克衫(完整word版)英语基础词汇shirt衬衫T—shirt T恤衫skirt短裙子dress连衣裙jeans牛仔裤pants裤子socks袜子shoes鞋子sweater毛衣coat上衣raincoat雨衣shorts短裤sneakers网球鞋slippers拖鞋sandals凉鞋boots靴子hat帽子cap鸭舌帽sunglasses太阳镜tie领带scarf围巾gloves手套十、交通工具（vehicles) bike自行车bus公共汽车train火车水boat小船ship轮船yacht快艇car小汽车taxi出租车jeep吉普车van小货车plane飞机subway地铁motor cycle摩托车十一、杂物（other things）window窗户door门desk课桌chair椅子bed床computer 计算机board写字板fan风扇light灯teacher’s desk讲台picture图画；照片wall墙壁floor地板curtain窗帘trash bin垃圾箱closet壁橱mirror镜子end table床头柜football足球present礼物walk—man随身听lamp台灯phone电话sofa沙发shelf书架fridge冰箱table桌子TV电视air—conditioner空调key钥匙lock锁photo照片chart图表plate盘子knife刀fork叉spoon勺子chopsticks筷子pot锅gift礼物toy玩具doll洋娃娃ball球balloon气球kite风筝jigsaw puzzle拼图游戏box盒子umbrella伞zipper拉链violin小提琴yo—yo溜溜nest鸟窝hole洞tube管子toothbrush牙刷menu菜单e—card电子卡片e—mail电子邮件traffic light交通灯money钱medicine药十二、地点(locations）home家room房间bedroom卧室(完整word版)英语基础词汇bathroom卫生间living room起居室classroom教室kitchen厨房school学校park公园library图书馆post office邮政局hospital医院cinema电影院bookstore书店farm农场zoo动物园garden花园study书房playground操场canteen餐厅teacher's office教师办公室gym体育馆washroom盥洗室art room美术室computer room电脑房music room音乐教室TV room电视房flat 公寓company公司factory 工厂fruit stand 水果pet shop 宠物店nature park自然公园theme park主题公园science museum科学博物馆the Great Wall 长城supermarket超市bank 银行country乡村village村庄city城市十三、课程(classes）Chinese 汉语（语文)Mathematics(简写Math）数学English 英语sports 体育science自然科学Moral Education 思想品德Social Studies社会十四、国家、城市(countries &cities）China/ PRC中国America/ USA 美国UK 英国England 英格兰Canada/ CAN加拿大Australia澳大利亚New York纽约London伦敦Sydney悉尼Moscow莫斯科Cairo开罗十五、气象（weather）cold 冷的warm温暖的cool 凉爽的snowy下雪的sunny晴朗的hot 热的rainy下雨的windy刮风的cloudy多云的weather report天气预报十六、景物（nature）river河流lake湖泊stream小溪forest森林path小路road马路house房子bridge桥building建筑物rain雨cloud 云sun太阳mountain大山sky天空rainbow彩虹wind风air空气十七、植物（plants）flower 花grass草tree 树seed 种子sprout 芽plant 植物(完整word版)英语基础词汇rose玫瑰leaf 树叶十八、星期(week）MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySundayweekend周末十九、月份（months) JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember二十、季节（seasons) springsummerfall/autumnwinter二十一、方位（directions）south南north北east东west西left 左right右二十二、患病（illness)have a fever发高烧hurt 疼痛have a cold 伤风have a toothache 牙疼have a headache 头疼have a sore throat喉咙疼二十三、数词（number）onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwenty二十thirty三十forty四十fifty五十sixty六十seventy七十eighty八十ninety九十hundred一百first第一second第二third第三fourth第四fifth第五月sixth第六seventh第七eighth第八ninth第九tenth 第十eleventh 第十一twelfth第十二二十四、形容词(adj。

气象专业英语3

P5:①Forecasts are usually referred to as short-range, medium (or extended) range and long-range. ②The first two can for present purposes be considered together.
displayed in Britain at the Great Exhibition of
1851. ④Sequences of weather change were
correlated with barometric pressure patterns both in space and time by such workers as Fitzroy and Abereroleby, but it was not until later that theoretival models of weather system were devised——notably the Bjerknes depression model.
Short-range forecasting P6:① Forecasting procedures developed up
to the 1950s were based on synoptic principles but, since the 1960s, practices have been revolutionized by numerical forecasting models and the adoption of “nowcasting ” techniques.
or ocean buoys to processing centres; ⑤GOES

气象专业英语-第1讲-atmosphere science

Guideline
Pre-reading Questions
What do the atmospheric sciences comprise? How many meteorological courses you have taken so far?
What do you think the authors advise the Meteorological student to learn in his/her studying?
中文应用的应用气候学应用气象学
Terms climatography
aeronomer disturbances on the sun
numerical modeling
中文解释气候志
高层大气学家太阳扰动数值模拟
numerical modeling
中文数值模拟数值模拟试验数值模式数值积分数值计算数值方案数值预报
天气分析 synoptic analysis
天气资料 synoptic data
天气预报 synoptic forecast
天气学模式 synoptic model
Terms large-scale atmospheric motions
empirical approach station networks analytical approach
Meteorological Terms
discipline
中文动力气象学物理气候学气溶胶物理学学科的分支，分科
Terms dynamic meteorology physical climatology
aerosol physics sub-discipline

(word完整版)气象常用专业英语词汇

(word完整版)气象常用专业英语词汇主题词表English Chinese01. 大气atmospheric science 大气科学meteorology 气象学atmosphere 大气atmospheric impurity 大气杂质atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物atmospheric composition 大气成分atmospheric mass 大气质量atmospheric density 大气密度atmospheric subdivision 大气分层homosphere 均质层heterosphere 非均质层standard [pressure] level 标准层isothermal layer 等温层lower atmosphere 低层大气middle atmosphere 中层大气upper atmosphere 高层大气troposphere 对流层tropopause 对流层顶stratosphere 平流层stratopause 平流层顶mesosphere 中间层mesopause 中间层顶thermosphere 热层exosphere 外[逸］层ionosphere 电离层magnetosphere 磁层ozonosphere 臭氧层free atmosphere 自由大气planetary atmosphere 行星大气standard atmosphere（reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气）homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气isothermal atmosphere 等温大气polytropic atmosphere 多元大气scale height 大气标高meteorological element 气象要素air temperature 气温wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度dry—bulb temperature 干球温度atmospheric pressure 气压standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压station pressure 本站气压sea-level pressure 海平面气压pressure gradient 气压梯度barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力water vapor 水［蒸]汽water vapor pressure 水汽压humidity 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度absolute humidity 绝对湿度specific humidity 比湿mixing ratio 混合比dew point ［temperature］露点（温度）depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super—saturated air 过饱和空气saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压saturation deficit 饱和差cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud amount 云量cloud height 云高cloud genera 云属cloud etage 云族cloud species 云种cloud variety 云类cloud form 云状cirrus, Ci 卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云altocumulus, Ac 高积云altostratus， As 高层云cumulus, Cu 积云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus， Cb 积雨云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云stratocumulus， Sc 层积云stratus, St 层云nimbostratus， Ns 雨层云stratiform cloud 层状云cumuliform cloud 积状云cold cloud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云wind 风wind direction 风向wind speed， wind velocity 风速maximum wind speed 最大风速(word完整版)气象常用专业英语词汇extreme wind speed 极大风速wind speed profile 风速廓线wind force 风力wind force scale 风级Beaufort ［wind］ scale 蒲福风级calm 0级风light air 1级风light breeze 2级风gentle breeze 3级风moderate breeze 4级风fresh breeze 5级风strong breeze 6级风near gale 7级风gale 8级风strong gale 9级风storm 10级风violent storm 11级风hurricane 12级风gust 阵风local wind 地方性风surface wind 地面风foehn 焚风mountain—valley breeze 山谷风sea—land breeze 海陆风on-shore wind 向岸风off-shore wind 离岸风gorge wind 峡谷风predominant wind direction 主导风向prevailing wind 盛行风wind pressure 风压wind energy 风能wind energy resources 风能资源wind energy rose 风能玫瑰[图] visibility 能见度clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 阴天blue of the sky 天空蓝度sky condition 天空状况precipitation 降水amount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水强度showery precipitation 阵性降水convective precipitation 对流性降水orographic precipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall [amount］雨量continuous precipitation 连续性降水intermittent precipitation 间歇性降水showery rain 阵雨freezing rain 冻雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 风暴sandstorm， duststorm 沙[尘]暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾dust 浮尘dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜点first frost 初霜latest frost 终霜tornado 龙卷dust devil 尘卷风snow 雪sleet 雨夹雪showery snow 阵雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴snow cover 积雪snowfall ［amount] 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 积冰hail 冰雹thunder 雷thunderstorm 雷暴thunder shower 雷阵雨lightning 闪电fog 雾mist 轻雾wet fog 湿雾sea fog 海雾(word完整版)气象常用专业英语词汇ice fog 冰雾frontal fog 锋面雾advection fog 平流雾radiation fog 辐射雾advection-radiation fog 平流辐射雾mixing fog 混合雾evaporation fog 蒸发雾supercooled fog 过冷却雾ground fog 地面雾upslope fog 上坡雾air-mass fog 气团雾tropical air fog 热带气团雾rime 雾凇graupel 霰percentage of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照时数duration of possible sunshine 可照时数02。