库里尔帕桥_布里斯班_澳大利亚_吴洁琳

库里尔帕桥项目不仅仅建造了一个横跨布里斯班河的行人与城市交通的新廊道，同时，还是一个创造新形式的公共空间，将布里斯班打造成艺术、科学、技术前沿象征的契机。

该桥最初作为1990年代末布里斯班裁判法院规划的一部分，昆士兰文化区的振兴、北边中央商务区和南布里斯班的新兴城市街区使其价值得到了提升。

它的设计概念基于贝克敏斯特的张拉力学原理，同时，需要解决航行限制和高速公路跨度等非比寻常的工程挑战，并且展现出优先考虑步行、自行车出行等健康生活模式的休闲型的亚热带风情的城市精神。

结构和空间的设计主要考虑的是，无论是从桥的制高点还是从它的基础配套空间向外望去，都能与河形成对话与统一。

最后，从国际角度来说，这个设计体现并传达了布里斯班作为一个当代设计城市的姿态。

概念框架库里尔帕桥深层的设计意图是为了强化和体现布里斯班轻松休闲的本质精神和它的亚热带环境。

我们参考了重要建筑竞赛中的常规桥梁形式（拱形、筒状、悬索、梁架）后，认为张拉类型的桥梁具有丰富城市个性与活力的潜力，并且能以此呼应毗邻文化区的新兴设计，创造出与标准桥梁形式不同的公共空间的多样性。

库里尔帕桥，布里斯班，澳大利亚KURILPA BRIDGE, BRISBANE , AUSTRALIA, 2009建筑设计：考克斯・雷纳建筑师事务所，奥雅纳公司ARCHITECTS: Cox Rayner Architects, Arup131 夜景/Night view（摄影/Photo: Christopher Fredderick Jones）2 最初概念立面/Original concept elevation3 最初概念平面/Original concept plan2公共和文化意义库里尔帕桥为布里斯班提供了连通中央商务区和文化区的一个重要的步行、车行道，和友好大桥共同构成了南岸与中央商务区间的完整交通环线。

它的设计为布里斯班的居民和游客创造了新的空间体验——不仅是桥本身的体验，也美化了河景。

对当地的原驻居民来说，这座桥有着重要的意义：桥的位置就是他们祖先渡河的地方，Jagera 人和Turrbal 人在旅途中撰写的故事里对此有所体现。

建筑形式与周围环境的关系库里尔帕桥的形式由对其他（更为传统）的结构的分析进化而来，它们的跨度和基础条件与其相当，但都对环境形成了巨大的视觉冲击力。

张拉类型能使设计不被结构工程的限制所主导，从而创造出与现代艺术画廊、东南高速和中央商务区的有趣的尺度关系。

在这一进程中广泛征求了社区组织、艺术馆和当地居民的意见，其中，当地居民尤为关注桥梁对库里尔帕公园的影响。

方案决议库里尔帕桥的设计需要解决几个非同寻常的挑战。

其中最为主要的影响因素是，航道的位置使结构必须跨过河流南岸之后才能下降。

只有张拉结构能将桥面厚度最小化，使得下落的坡道不会破坏作为当地居民重要城市空间的库里尔帕公园。

另一个同样复杂的挑战是横跨东南向的高速公路，最终，设计将所要求的连续天篷整合进了自身体系内。

相关学科的整合负责建筑设计的考克斯・雷纳事务所和负责结构工程的奥雅纳公司在整个设计过程中的合作都是平等而不可分离的。

造价政府的预算是6 300万元。

高效率的张拉整体结构不仅使造价在预算内，还创造了多样的观景空间，结合多种照明系统，也引来更多的当地居民来共同书写传奇。

可持续性这座桥为城市的可持续性做出了突出贡献，特别是在鼓励步行、自行车出行而减少机动车出行方面。

从设计角度上，这座桥是世界上唯一一座仅靠太阳能板照明的步行桥。

对业主和使用者需求的应答库里尔帕桥引起了多种回应，其中最有说服力的是，来访的人流量已超过了最初的预计。

□（吴洁琳 译）44 夜景/Night view（摄影/Photo: Christopher Fredderick Jones）57The Kurilpa Bridge project was an opportunity to not only make a new pedestrian and cycle connection across Brisbane's river but also new forms of public space, as well as a symbol of a city forging its identity at the forefront of art, science and technology. Its origins as a physical link lay in our own late 1990s planning coinciding with the design of the Brisbane Magistrates Court, its value enhanced by the revitalisation of Queensland's Cultural Precinct and the emerging city precincts in the northern CBD and South Brisbane. Its conceptualisation, based upon Buckminster Fuller's principles of tensegrity, was to simultaneously resolve unusual physical challenges, such as navigational constraints and motorway spanning, and embrace the spirit of a city relaxed, subtropical city seeking to prioritise walking, cycling and healthy lifestyle. Equally, the design of the structure and its spaces is conceived to celebrate and engage with the river both viewed from its vantage points and viewed out from its primary and ancillary spaces. Lastly, on an international perspective, it is designed to embody and convey Brisbane's emergence as a contemporary design city.Conceptual FrameworkThe underlying intent of the design of Kurilpa Bridge was to reinforce and embody the relaxed, informal intrinsic nature of Brisbane and its subtropical environment. Having explored each conventional bridge form during the major architectural competition (arch, tube, suspension and girder), we saw in the tensegrity typology a potential to enrich this city's character and vitality, to celebrate its emerging design identity expressed in the adjoining cultural precinct, and to create public spatial diversity beyond those possible in standard bridge forms.Public + Cultural Benefi tsKurilpa Bridge provides for Brisbane a significant pedestrian and cycle way that both connects its CBD and Cultural Precinct, and forms a completed loop of movement between South Bank and the CBD together with the Goodwill Bridge. Its design creates new spatial experiences for Brisbane and its visitors, both in itself andin appreciation of the river. For Brisbane'sindigenous people, it has important meaning asconnecting across the place in the river wheretheir ancestors travelled, this significance beingexpressed in stories, written by Jagera and Turrbalpeoples, along the journey.Relationship of Built Form to ContextThe form of Kurilpa Bridge evolved fromanalysis of other (more conventional) structures,which for the physical spanning and foundationconditions, all generated massive visual impacts onthe context. The tensegrity typology was exploredfor its ability to enable design to predominateover engineering constraints, and refined to createinteresting scale relationships with the Gallery ofModern Art, the South East Freeway and the CBD.This process involved wide design consultation withcommunity organisations, the Gallery and indigenousrepresentatives, the latter in particular regardingKurilpa Park.Program ResolutionThe Kurilpa Bridge design had to contend withseveral unusual challenges. Of these, the mostformative was the position of the navigationalchannel preventing descent of the structureuntil it crossed the southern river bank. Onlythe tensegrity structure minimised the deckthickness sufficiently such that the ramp downdid not consume Kurilpa Park, important as a cityspace and to Aboriginal people. The design alsoworked to meet the equally complex challengeof spanning the South East Freeway, and lastly itintegrated the required continuous canopy withinits system.Integration of Allied DisciplinesThe collaboration between architectsCox Rayner and engineers Arup was equal andinseparable throughout the design process.Cost/ValueThe Government budget was $63 million. Theefficiency of the tensegrity structure enabledit to be developed under this budget, enablingthe creation of the extensive viewing spaces,incorporation of multi-programmable lighting andinvitation to the Jagera and Turrbal people tocontribute the stories.SustainabilityThe very creation of this bridge has significantsustainability outcomes for the city especially895 夜景/Night view（摄影/Photo: Christopher Fredderick Jones）6 平面/PlanA-库里尔帕公园/Kurilpa ParkB-布里斯班河/Brisbane RiverC-坦克街/Tank StreetD-滨河高速路/Riverside ExpresswayE-现代艺术馆/Gallery of Modern ArtF-国家法院/Commonwealth Law Courts 7 立面/ElevationA-库里尔帕公园/Kurilpa ParkB-布里斯班河/Brisbane RiverC-坦克街/Tank Street8 剖面/Section9 最初概念立面/Original concept elevationpromoting walking and cycling over vehicular travel.From a design perspective it is the world's onlysolar-panelled pedestrian bridge, used to power thelighting.Response to Client + User NeedsKurilpa Bridge has elicited many responses, themost compelling being patronage already exceedingoriginal estimates.□(图片提供/Images courtesy:Cox Rayner Architects)工程造价/Cost at Completion of Construction: $63M总建筑面积/Gross Floor Area: Span 130m设计团队/Practice Team: Michael Rayner, AntonyScott Pegum, Hang Ling, Casey Vallance, Philip Cox,Tristram Carfrae, Ian Ainsworth, Tom James市政设计顾问/Civil Consultant: Arup结构设计顾问/Structural Consultant: Arup照明设计顾问/Lighting Consultant: Arup电力设计顾问/Electrical Consultant: Arup设备设计顾问/Mechanical Consultant: Arup水力设计顾问/Hydraulic Consultant: Arup无障碍设计顾问/Disability Consultant : Eric Martin +Associates10景观设计顾问/Landscape Consultant: Gamble Array McKinnon Green标识设计顾问/Signage: Dot Dash业主代表/Client Representative: Resource CoordinationPartnership建造方/Builder: Baulderstone艺术品装置/Artwork Installation: Urban Art Projects所获奖项/Award: 2011年世界建筑节交通建筑奖/2011 WAF－Transport Winner评语建筑师对巴克敏斯特・富勒理论诠释得很精彩，桥梁就像是“漂浮”在河面上。