The Victorian Period (维多利亚时期)

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The Pickwick Papers 《匹克威克外传》（1837）
Oliver The
Twist 《奥利佛· 退斯特》
(又名《雾都孤儿》（1838）
Old Curiosity Shop 《老古玩店》（1839） Nicholas Nickleby 《尼古拉斯· 尼科尔贝》 （1841）
Charles Dickens （1812-1870）
• Dickens is a 19th century British literature, the main representative of realism • Marx and his reputation as the UK and other Thackeray, "a group of distinguished novelist
Features of Dickens’ Novels 狄更斯文学创作的特色
Sharp social criticism. 尖锐的社会批评 Gentle humanitarian. 温和的人道主义 vivid outward portrayal 生动的人物塑造 Humorous and Pungent irony 幽默辛辣的讽刺
Early period (1836- 45): 狄更斯的早期创作
Gentle
social criticism 温和的社会讽刺 Fantastic optimism 充满幻想的乐观精神 Novela picaresca “流浪汉小说”的结构 模式 Exaggeration 夸张的艺术手法
His representative works of that time
• The best he can do seems to try to retain an optimism with wishful thinking, as in his early works, or to express a helpless indignant protest. At the same time, he hopes to call people‘s attention to the existing social problems, thus affecting some reform。
S.H.
1. Historical Background Time Span （时间范围） :
from 1837 ,when Queen Victoria took the throne （王位） ,to 1901, when she died.
Early period : the Industrial Revolution ; then Reform bill （改革法案）of 1832; Chartist Movement（宪章运动）. Mid-Victorian period: economic prosperity and relative stability Late period: decline of British Empire and the decay of Victorian value; Irish question (爱尔兰的问题);bad working condition ; Inequality Between men and women ; Karl Marx’s theory (卡尔· 马克思理论); unsettling of Religious belief (令人不安的宗教信仰)
• Great Expectations 《远大前程
• Our Mutual Friend 《我们共同
的朋友》（1865）
Great Expectations
A tale of cites
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. ------A tale
of cites《双城记》
译文：
那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代； 那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那 是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是 光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希 望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们拥有 一切，我们一无所有;我们全都在直奔 天堂，我们全都在直奔地狱。
• He lies buried in the Poet’s Corner in London. • The words of his grave read as follows ”by his death one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world.”
Biblioteka Baidu
• American Notes 《美国札记》（1842） • Martin Chuzzlewit 《马丁· 瞿述伟》（1843） • Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》（1848） • David Copperfield 《大卫· 科波菲尔》（1852）
American Notes
David Copperfield
Alfred Tennyson（阿尔弗雷德· 丁尼生）, The Brownings
Victorian playwrights
Oscar Wilde, George Bernard Shaw
查尔斯· 狄更斯 （Charles Dickens，1812－1870）
C.D is one of the greatest Victorian writers 英国维多利亚小说最重要的代表 “ the genius who most fully expressed his contemporaries in the common interest”---Stefan Zweig “一个最充分地表达了他同时代人的共同趣味的天才” （斯蒂芬-茨威格语）。
The influence
• Dickens expose and criticize in his works all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy and corruptness he sees all around him. • Dickens’s novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age
Oliver Twist
The Pickwick Papers
The middle period (1846- 1857): 狄更斯的中期创作
He criticise bourgeois and their morality 对资产者及其道德的辛辣批 判 Gentle Moralism 温和的道德主义 The plot and structure are more complete unified 情节结构更为完整统一 Humor and satire 幽默讽刺风格
The later period (1858- 70): 狄更斯的晚期创作
• Humor and satire Social Criticism 广泛、尖锐的社会批判 • Gentle Reformism and Strong humanitarian 温和的改良主义和强烈的人道 主义 • Exploration of man’s inner conflicts 尖锐的矛盾冲突主导情节设计 • Symbolism 象征手法
Victorian novelists Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray（ 威廉· 梅克比斯· 萨克雷）, Charlotte/Emily/ Bronte, George Eliot, Thomas Hardy（托马斯· 哈代）
Victorian poets
• The novel became the most widely read and most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. • The Victorian age was also a great one for non-fictional prose. • The poets of this period were mainly characterized by their experiment with new styles and new ways of expression.
• His novels tell much of the experiences of his childhood. • Almost all his novels have happy endings. • Dickens is a great humorist • Dickens is a petty bourgeois intellectual
Three Periods（时期）:
Queen Elizabeth
&
Queen Victoria
1、on the throne(王位)
for a long period of time 2、England developed rapidly both politically and economically 3、literature flourished (文学繁荣兴旺)
His representative works of that time
• Bleak House 《荒凉山庄》（
1853）
• Hard Times 《艰难时世》
（1854）
• Little Dorrit 《小杜丽》
（1857）
• A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记
》（1859） 》（1861）