上海市崇明区2018届高三等级考第一次模拟考试生命科学试卷解析汇报版
2018上海高中学业水平考试生命科学生物等级考真题卷
上海市2018学年度等级考监控测试生命科学试卷考生注意:1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟.2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，包括填空题、选择题和简答题等题型。
3．考生应用2B铅笔、钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在答题纸上一．选择题（共40分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确答案）1. 图1为丙氨酸结构式，依据氨基酸结构通式,判定他的R基是（)A。
—HB. -NH2C。
-COOHD. -CH32. 我国科学家钟杨已保存种子4000万种,他的团队贡献属于保护生物多样性的措施（）A。
就地保护 B.迁地保护C。
离体保护D。
异地保护3。
图2为某动物细胞周期中各期时长，该细胞分裂间期时长为（）A。
1hB. 4hC. 12hD. 21h4。
使用显微镜目镜测微尺在低倍镜10X下测量变形虫，测得虫体长占20格，转换高倍镜40X虫体所占格数为( ）A。
10格B。
20格C。
40格D。
80格5。
表1为某同学设计的实验，该实验结果可以证明酶（）表1步骤1号试管2号试管1 加淀粉液2ml 加淀粉液2ml2 加充足淀粉酶加充足脂肪酶3 加碘液加碘液现象不变色变蓝A.具有高效性B。
具有专一性C. 本质为蛋白质D. 本质为RNA6.为一个基因型AaBb的土豆，将其块茎埋入土中，其后代基因型为（）A.AaBb B。
AaBBC。
AABb D。
aaBb7.如图3是人体内物质X和Y的代谢示意图，以下表述正确的是（）A.①表示糖酵解B.物质Y是丙酮酸C。
Z表示卡尔文循环D。
物质X是脂肪8.发财树浇水太多容易导致烂根,烂根后植物能检测出( ）A.乙醇与CO2 B。
仅CO2C. 仅O2 D。
仅H2O9.吸收外周组织中多余胆固醇并运到肝脏的脂蛋白主要是（）A.乳糜微粒CM B。
高密度脂蛋白HDLC. 低密度脂蛋白LDLD. 极低密度脂蛋白VLDL10。
小萌正在参加百米赛跑，下列状况中符合此时身体情况的是（)A。
【解析】上海市崇明区2018届高三第一次模拟考试化学试题WORD版 Word版
化学试卷1. 漂粉精的有效成分是A. Ca (ClO) 2B. CaCl2C. NaClOD. KClO【答案】A【解析】漂粉精的有效成分是Ca(ClO)2，答案选A。
2. 歼-20 将20984 Po涂于表面以屏蔽雷达，起到隐身作用。
该 Po(钋)原子核外电子数是A. 42B. 84C. 125D. 209【答案】B...............3. 以下离子中，半径最大的是A. NaB. KC. S2D. Cl【答案】C【解析】离子的核外电子层数越多，离子半径越大，核外电子排布相同时离子半径随原子序数的增大而减小，因此离子半径大小顺序是S2－＞Cl－＞K＋＞Na＋，答案选C。
点睛：注意微粒半径的大小比较规律：一看电子层数：同主族元素的微粒，电子层数越多，半径越大；二看核电荷数：在同周期中的原子，核电荷数越大，半径越小；三看质子数：在电子层数和核外电子数均相同时，质子数越多，半径越小。
4. 在 CH3COONa溶液中离子浓度最大的是A. HB. OHC. CH3COOD. Na【答案】D【解析】CH3COONa在溶液中完全电离出钠离子和醋酸根离子，由于醋酸根离子水解，因此溶液中离子浓度最大的是钠离子，答案选D。
5. 在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般不用于A. 捣碎块状固体B. 转移引流液体C. 蘸取少量溶液D. 搅拌加速溶解【答案】A【解析】在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般用于转移引流液体、蘸取少量溶液、搅拌加速溶解，不能用于捣碎块状固体，答案选A。
6. 氮化硅（Si3N4）是一种新型的耐高温耐磨材料，氮化硅属于A. 离子晶体B. 分子晶体C. 金属晶体D. 原子晶体【答案】D【解析】氮化硅（Si3N4）是一种新型的耐高温耐磨材料，因此氮化硅属于原子晶体，答案选D。
7. 在CuSO4·5H2O晶体中A. 存在水分子B. 没有极性键C. 只有离子键D. 含有金属键【答案】A【解析】A. 该化合物是水合物，存在水分子，A正确；B. H与O以及S与O之间均存在极性键，B错误；C. 铜离子与硫酸根离子之间存在离子键，C错误；D. 不是金属晶体，不存在金属键，D错误，答案选A。
2018-2019学年高三上学期期末质量调研生命科学试题 含答案
全能干细胞 骨髓干细胞 未成熟红细胞 红细胞金山区2018学年第一学期期末质量调研高中生命科学试卷（本卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟）考生注意：本试卷采用网上阅卷。
请考生将答案全部写在答题纸上。
一、选择题（共20题，每题2分）1．反应式“A+H 2O→B+C”中的A 是糖类，B 、C 是分子结构不同的单糖。
则A 是 A ．蔗糖 B ．麦芽糖 C ．纤维素 D ．糖原 2．A 型血、色觉正常女性与AB 型血、色觉正常男性婚配，所生孩子不．可能的是 A ．男孩、AB 型血、色觉正常 B ．男孩、A 型血、色盲 C ．女孩、B 型血、色觉正常 D ．女孩、B 型血、色盲 3．以下不．能说明细胞全能性的实验是 A ．将诱变处理的小麦种子培育成植株 B ．将紫罗兰的叶组织培育成植株 C ．将番茄与马铃薯细胞融合并培育成植株 D ．将转基因的棉花茎块培育成植株 4．右图是研究植物向性运动的实验示意图，该实验结果不能说明 A ．产生生长素的部位是根尖和茎尖B ．生长素对植物生长的作用具有二重性C ．根生长具向地性，茎生长有负向地性D ．根和茎的向性运动都是对环境的一种适应5． 以紫色洋葱鳞茎叶表皮为材料观察植物细胞质壁分离现象，下列叙述正确的是 A ．在发生质壁分离的细胞中能观察到中央液泡的体积逐渐变大B ．滴加30％的蔗糖溶液比10％蔗糖溶液引起细胞质壁分离所需时间短C ．发生质壁分离的细胞放入清水中又复原，说明细胞已失去活性D ．紫色的色素广泛分布在细胞质基质中6．右图是某种物质通过细胞膜的示意图，从图中能得出 A ．图中S 代表载体，C 代表离子 B ．该物质跨膜方式是协助运输 C ．该物质跨膜方式是主动转运 D ．图中C 是固定不变的7．右图是将一定量的淀粉酶和足量的淀粉混合后,麦芽糖的积累量随温度变化的情况。
下列有关叙述中正确的是A ．B 点对应的温度为最适温度，此时麦芽糖的积累量最多 B ．Ta 、Tb 时淀粉酶催化效率极低的原理相同C ．Tb ～Tc 麦芽糖积累量最多说明此时酶活性最高D ．A 点对应的温度为最适温度，说明此时酶活性最高 8．下列有关血压的叙述，正确的是A ．交感神经兴奋，收缩压降低B ．心输出量减小，舒张压升高C ．血管管腔变小，收缩压降低D ．血液黏滞度增加，舒张压升高 9．右图所示的细胞类型转换过程为 A ．细胞融合 B ．细胞生长C ．细胞分裂D ．细胞分化10．某二倍体植物细胞内的2号染 色体上有M 基因和R 基因，它们编码一段时间CO 2/O 2贮藏天数/d处理组各自蛋白质的前3个氨基酸的DNA 序列如右图，起始密码子均为AUG 。
2018届上海市长宁区高三上学期教学质量检测(一模)生物试题及答案
高三生命科学教学质量检测试卷本试卷分为第I卷（第1-5页）和第II卷（第6-12页）两部分。
全卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
第I卷（共60分）考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、姓名。
2．第I卷（1-30题），由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题纸上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B 铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
一、选择题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个答案）1. 下列感受器中属于化学感受器的是A. 鱼类侧线B. 飞蛾触角C. 蝮蛇颊窝D. 人类耳蜗2. 下列结构的成分与艾滋病病原体的化学成分相似的是A. 核糖体B.中心体C. 溶酶体D.染色体3. 下列对“细胞学说”理解合理的是①揭示了动植物体结构的统一性②阐述了一切生物都由细胞和细胞产物构成③观察了细胞内部的各个细微结构④提出了细胞是一个相对独立的有机体A.①②B. ②③C. ③④D.①④4. 下列微生物中不能．．产生孢子的是A.大肠杆菌B. 青霉菌C. 蘑菇D. 酵母菌5. 下列有关化合物分类关系的集合图中正确的是6. 右图表示物质S在酶E的催化下水解成P的反应图解，下列叙述正确的是A．酶E可为该反应提供能量B．酶E水解的产物是H2O、CO2等物质C．若S是麦芽糖，可用双缩脲试剂来检测P的生成D．若S代表二肽，则E、P可分别代表肽酶、氨基酸7. 下列各组物质或结构中，基本组成单位相同的是A．细菌质粒和基因 B．抗体和抗原C．胰岛素和性激素 D．维生素和纤维素8. 为调查黄鹂的种群密度，用捕鸟网捕获30只鸟，其中黄鹂5只，做标志后放回自然界，明年又捕获了30只鸟，其中有标志的黄鹂2只，没有标志的黄鹂6只，则此地区黄鹂的种群个体数大约为A. 20B. 15C. 75D.45若图中箭头所指表示实验进行一段时间后胚芽鞘的生长情况，实验结果正确的是A B C D10. G2期细胞内完成的主要活动是A．DNA的精确复制 B．合成一定数量的RNAC．合成DNA复制需要的酶 D．合成组装纺锤体的蛋白质11.下面关于酶的分离提纯和固定化技术的叙述中，合理的是A．分离中先酶蛋白沉淀再过滤滤液 B．提纯方法是使酶和承载物交联在一起C．固定后的酶仍具有酶的活性 D．固定化酶含生长素的只能利用一次，不能重复利用12. 当人体失血过多，动脉血压突然降低，在这种应急状态下人体出现的反应是A．副交感神经兴奋，心排血量增加B．交感神经兴奋，血管收缩，外周阻力增大C．交感神经抑制，心排血量增加，血管收缩D．副交感神经兴奋，血管舒张，血流加快13. 噬菌体侵染细菌之后，合成新的噬菌体蛋白质外壳需要 A．细菌的DNA及其氨基酸B．噬菌体的DNA及其氨基酸 C．噬菌体的DNA和细菌的氨基酸D．细菌的DNA及其噬菌体的氨基酸14. 下图显示了人体内能源物质的代谢途径，大写字母代表物质，其中物质Z直接参与了过程①，下列叙述不正确．．．的是A．X是葡萄糖 B．Y是丙酮酸 C．Q是甘油 D．Z可以是氨基酸脱去氨基的碳链15. 若母亲的血清中不含凝集素抗A和抗B，而父亲的血清中含凝集素抗A，则后代红细胞膜上不可能．．．出现的情况是A．有凝集原A B．有凝集原B C．有凝集原A和B D．无凝集原A和B16. 1861年巴斯德发现，利用酵母菌酿酒的时候，如果发酵容器存在氧气，酒精的产生会停止，这就是所谓的巴斯德效应。
【全国大联考】【上海】上海市崇明区2018届高三第一次模拟考试化学试题(解析版)
上海市崇明区2018届高三第一次模拟考试化学试题【试卷整体分析】考试范围：高考内容难度：容易【题型考点分析】上海市崇明区2018届高三第一次模拟考试化学试题第I卷（选择题）1．漂粉精的有效成分是A．Ca (ClO) 2B．CaCl2C．NaClO D．KClO【答案】A【解析】漂粉精的有效成分是Ca(ClO)2，答案选A。
2．歼-20 将20984 Po涂于表面以屏蔽雷达，起到隐身作用。
该Po(钋)原子核外电子数是A．42 B．84 C．125 D．209【答案】B【解析】质子数等于核外电子数，该Po(钋)原子核外电子数是84，答案选B。
3．以下离子中，半径最大的是A．Na B．K C．S D．Cl【答案】C【解析】离子的核外电子层数越多，离子半径越大，核外电子排布相同时离子半径随原子序数的增大而减小，因此离子半径大小顺序是S2－＞Cl－＞K＋＞Na＋，答案选C。
xk^w点睛：注意微粒半径的大小比较规律：一看电子层数：同主族元素的微粒，电子层数越多，半径越大；二看核电荷数：在同周期中的原子，核电荷数越大，半径越小；三看质子数：在电子层数和核外电子数均相同时，质子数越多，半径越小。
4．在CH3COONa溶液中离子浓度最大的是A．H B．OH C．CH3COO D．Na【答案】D【解析】CH3COONa在溶液中完全电离出钠离子和醋酸根离子，由于醋酸根离子水解，因此溶液中离子浓度最大的是钠离子，答案选D。
5．在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般不用于A．捣碎块状固体B．转移引流液体C．蘸取少量溶液D．搅拌加速溶解【答案】A【解析】在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般用于转移引流液体、蘸取少量溶液、搅拌加速溶解，不能用于捣碎块状固体，答案选A。
6．氮化硅（Si3N4）是一种新型的耐高温耐磨材料，氮化硅属于A．离子晶体B．分子晶体C．金属晶体D．原子晶体【答案】D【解析】氮化硅（Si3N4）是一种新型的耐高温耐磨材料，因此氮化硅属于原子晶体，答案选D。
2018届上海市十三校高三第一次联考生物试题及答案
高三调研考生命科学试卷一、选择题(共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案)1. 下列生命科学研究中，中国科学家直接参与的有几项？（ ）○1细胞学说的提出 ○2结晶牛胰岛素合成 ○3酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸合成○4克隆羊多利培育 ○5人类基因组计划 A ．2项B ．3项C ．4项D ．5项 2. 下列感受器与其功能对应错误的是（ ）A ．侧线——感受水中气味分子B ．颊窝——感受红外线C ．前庭器——感受身体平衡D ．耳蜗——感受声波3. 下列不属于保护生物多样性有效措施的是（ ）A ．就地保护B ．迁地保护C ．离体保护D ．濒危物种保护4. 下列现象中，属于交感神经兴奋结果的是（ ）A ．肾上腺素分泌B ．肠胃蠕动加速C ．瞳孔收缩D ．唾液分泌 5. 下列微生物中，属于自养型微生物且存在染色体结构的是（ ）A．白假丝酵母B.自生固氮菌C.硅藻D.蓝藻6.当人体大量失血时，人体在调节血压过程中可能出现的现象是（）A．血压先下降后回升B．心率加快C．血管收缩D．上述均有可能7.下列不属于遗传病预防措施的是（）A .禁止近亲结婚B．遗传咨询C．避免遗传病患儿出生D．剖腹分娩8.下列有关实验设计的叙述中错误的是（）A．实验温度、时间及实验材料的数量都可能是实验的变量B．各种实验中都必须设置空白对照组，确保单一变量C．数据测量应力求精确，因而需要多次测量求平均值D．探究实验设计中，实验结果有可能与提出的假设不一致9.下列对于遗传多样性的叙述，正确的是（）A．遗传多样性是指物种内基因的多样性B．黑种人、黄种人、白种人的性状差异属于遗传多样性C．现今检验遗传多样性的方法只有PCRD．某物种的遗传多样性越大越不利于该物种的进化10.下列对微生物描述正确的是（）A．利福平可以抑制产甲烷杆菌的RNA合成B．黄曲霉可以在不含碳源的培养基上生长C．硝化细菌可以在无氮培养基中生长D．大肠杆菌可以在未灭菌的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基上生长11.右图是马的前肢进化过程图，对该图分析正确的是（）A．始祖马的化石出现在更晚近地层中B．现代马比始祖马更适应环境C．马的进化的过程说明突变是定向的D．马的前肢进化是由于环境变化引起的12.下列关于麦芽糖的描述错误的是（）A．由两分子葡萄糖脱水缩合而成B．可由淀粉经过唾液淀粉酶水解后产生C．组成元素为C、H、O D．麦芽糖溶液加班氏试剂后即可出现砖红色沉淀13.下列关于细胞的叙述中，正确的项数是（）○1能光合作用的细胞一定是植物细胞○2没有大液泡的细胞一定是动物细胞○3有细胞壁的细胞可能不是植物细胞○4有两个中心粒的细胞一定处于分裂期○5细胞结构的生物，其遗传物质一定是DNA○6能进行光合作用的细胞一定能进行呼吸作用A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5误的是（）A．解离过程使用20%盐酸，目的是使细胞易于分散B．可以选用醋酸洋红对染色体进行染色C．压片时需要进行研转使细胞分散成均匀一层D．若镜检时看到细胞如右图所示，则可能取材时取错位置式可能是（）○1常染色体显性○2常染色体隐性○3X染色体显性○4X染色体隐性A．○1○3B．○1C．○2○4D．○2 Array 16.右图为动物小肠上皮细胞吸收葡萄糖的原理图——这种运输方式被称为协同运输（主动运输的一种），下列关于该原理图分析正确的是（）A．小肠中的钠离子浓度要低于小肠细胞内B．动物小肠细胞对葡萄糖的吸收直接利用ATP的能量C．葡萄糖的吸收不可以逆浓度梯度进行D．钠钾泵可以水解高能磷酸键a、b、c、d表示不同种类的细胞，①②表示有关过程)，下列有关叙述正确的是（）A．只有a、b、c三类细胞才能识别抗原B．使用促进a细胞功能的物质，对器官移植病人有利C．①②过程都需要抗原的刺激才能发生D．c，d细胞功能不同的根本原因是它们的DNA不同和35℃分别为其光合作用与呼吸作用的最适温度）叶肉细胞光合作用与光照强度关系的曲线，对此曲线分析错误的是（）A．该曲线是珙桐净光合速率曲线B．若温度下降5℃，A点将上移C．若温度上升到35℃，则B点将右移D．若将珙桐换成阴生植物，则C点向右下方移内某物质的变化曲线，对此曲线分析正确的是（）A．曲线AB段正在进行DNA复制B．曲线BC段完成了着丝粒分裂C．曲线DE段可能出现同源染色体交叉互换现象D．曲线FG段细胞内的着丝粒数目和体细胞一致20.下图表示生长素浓度对植物的根、芽和茎生长的影响，此图给你的信息是（）①生长素对三种器官的作用具有两重性，低浓度促进生长，高浓度抑制生长②A、B、C点对应的浓度分别是促进根、芽、茎生长的最适宜浓度③D点对应的生长素浓度对茎的生长具有促进作用，却抑制了芽的生长④幼嫩的细胞对生长素反应灵敏，成熟的细胞对生长素反应不灵敏A．①②B．②④ C．①②④D．①③④21.将某洋葱表皮细胞静置于某稳定的外界溶液中，则该洋葱表皮细胞中细胞液浓度可能发生如右图曲线中的哪些变化？（）A．1、2、3 B．1、2、4 C．1、3、4 D．2、3、422.2006年，日本学者Shinya Yamanaka在世界著名学术杂志《CELL》上率先报道了诱导多能干细胞（iPS）的研究。
2018届上海市崇明区高三等级考第一次模拟考试生命科学试卷(解析版)
2018届上海市崇明区高三等级考第一次模拟考试生命科学试卷（解析版）一、选择题1. 在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明已在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞，现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是A. 使用目镜测微尺直接测量B. 转换至高倍镜C. 调节细调节器D. 调节光圈【答案】B【解析】本题考查细胞的观察和测量实验，解题要点是了解实验的相关原理和操作步骤。
由于目镜测微尺在高倍镜视野中每小格单位更小，测量数据更精确；而调节器和光圈对精确测量数据没有影响。
故答案选B。
[点睛]：本题知识易错点是对显微测微尺的使用：1.测微尺的选择：目镜测微尺安装于目镜镜筒的光阑上，物镜测微尺安装于载物台上，如果已知目镜测微尺每小格长度，测量物像的大小时只需用目镜测微尺；2.细胞的测量：细胞实际长度和宽度=高倍镜下测得物像所占格数乘以目镜测微尺每小格的长度。
2. 如图为一种人工半透膜模型。
与细胞膜结构相比，和不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分A. 蛋白质B. 磷脂C. 多糖D. 胆固醇【答案】A【解析】因为K+和NO3—跨膜运输方式是主动运输，需要载体协助，消耗能量；据图分析，图中的人工膜缺少载体蛋白。
答案选A。
3. 某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现A. 蓝色B. 橘红色C. 紫色D. 红黄色【答案】D【解析】本题考查还原糖的鉴定,解题要点是了解实验原理.班氏试剂与葡萄糖中的醛基反应生成红黄色沉淀。
答案选D。
[点睛]:解题关键点是对实验原理的识记:鉴定物质类实验原理是,某些化学试剂能与生物组织中的有关有机物产生特定的颜色反应.4. 某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表，其中卷烟纸的作用是A. 提供碳源B. 提供生长因子C. 提供无机盐D. 提供氮源【答案】A【解析】因为卷烟纸中一般只含纤维素而不含其它物质，能为微生物的生长提供碳源。
上海市高三生命科学第一次模拟试卷含答案
崇明县第一学期期末考试试卷高三生命科学（考试时间120分钟，满分150分）考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、姓名、学号。
2．答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷（共60分）一、单选题（每小题只有一个正确选项）（一）1分题（共8题）1、一分子ADP中，含有的腺苷数、磷酸基数和高能磷酸键数依次是…………………（）A. 1、2、2B. 1、2、1C. 1、3、2D. 2、1、22、下列有关酶的叙述中，正确的是…………………………………………………………（）A. 酶可以被水解，产物是多种氨基酸B. 酶的活性受温度和pH的影响C. 酸碱度变化引起的酶失活不可逆，但温度变化引起的酶失活可逆D. 冬季哺乳动物体内酶的活性随环境温度的下降而降低3、遗传信息和遗传密码分别位于……………………………………………………………（）A. DNA和信使RNA上B. DNA和转运RNA上C. 信使RNA和转运RNA上D. 染色体和基因上4、取两种不同种属的海绵，使其细胞分散成单个，再将它们掺在一起培养，发现只有同种的细胞才能聚合在一起。
与此现象直接有关的结构是………………………………………（）A. 细胞核B. 细胞膜上的磷脂双分子层C. 细胞膜D. 细胞膜上的糖蛋白5、人体免疫球蛋白由4条肽链构成，共有764个氨基酸，则该蛋白质分子中至少含有游离的氨基和羧基数分别是…………………………………………………………………………（）A. 764和764B. 760和760C. 1和1D. 4和46、生物的多样性通常包括……………………………………………………………………（）①遗传多样性②物种多样性③生态系统多样性④无机环境的多样性A. ①②③B. ①③④C. ②③④D. ①②④7、细胞分化是生物界普遍存在的一种生命现象，下列叙述中不正确的是…………………（）A. 分化发生在生物体的整个生命进程中B. 分化是基因在特定的时间和空间条件下选择表达的结果C. 未离体的体细胞不会表现出全能性D. 分化过程中遗传物质发生了改变8、下列生物中，结构最相似的一组是………………………………………………………（）①乳酸菌②变形虫③肺炎双球菌④蓝藻⑤酵母菌高三生命科学共12页第1页高三生命科学 共12页 第2页A. ②③⑤B. ②③④C. ①③④D. ①④⑤（二）2分题（共20题）9、右图能表示人体在某种环境条件发生变化时，内环境中某种激素的含量变化。
2018届上海市崇明县高三上学期第一次高考模拟考试(一模)生物试题及答案 精品推荐
崇明县2018年第一次高考模拟考试试卷生命科学本试卷分为第I卷（第1-5页）和第II卷（第5-12页）两部分，全卷共12页。
满分150分。
考试时间为120分钟。
请将答案填写在答题纸上。
第I卷一、单选题（共60分，每小题只有一个正确选项，每题2分）1、维持高等动物第二性征的物质属于………………………………………………………（）A．核酸B．脂质C．糖类D．蛋白质2、体内严重缺乏哪种无机离子的患者可能会出现乳酸中毒………………………………（）A．2Mg+B．2Ca+C．2Fe+D．2Zn+ 3、下列有关酶的叙述错误的是………………………………………………………………（）A ．酶的基本单位可以是核糖核苷酸B ．产生胰岛素的细胞也能产生呼吸酶C ．低温能使酶的催化效率失去D ．酶的专一性由自身的分子结构决定4、如图是某三肽化合物的分子结构示意图，下列有关叙述正确的是 ……………………（ ）A ．①可能是“－NH 2”或“－COOH ”B ．该化合物的双缩脲反应与结构③有关C ．该化合物在核仁中形成时有水产生D ．结构②的数目决定该化合物种类5、某亲本DNA 分子双链均以黑色表示，以白色表示第一次复制出的DNA 子链，以灰色表示第二次复制出的DNA 子链，该亲本双链DNA 分子连续复制两次后的产物是 …………（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．6、与巨噬细胞细胞内消化过程直接有关物质的形成场所①－C －CONH －C －③－C －COOH② ② ②H HH是………………………………（）A．核糖体B．线粒体C．溶酶体D．高尔基体7、颤藻与水绵的相同之处是…………………………………………………………………（）①都有拟核②均能进行有氧呼吸③都有线粒体④均能进行光合作用A．②③B．②④C．①③D．①④8、下列关于腺嘌呤核糖核苷酸的描述正确的是……………………………………………（）A．由腺苷、核糖和磷酸基构成B．DNA复制必须的原料C．可参与合成ATP D．合成场所在细胞核9、某豆科植物种子萌发过程中CO2释放和O2吸收速率的变化趋势如图所示。
2018届崇明区高考化学一模
崇明区 2018 届第一次高考模拟考试一试卷化学可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1C-12O-16S-32Fe-56Cu-64一、选择题（每题 2 分，共40 分 ,每题只有一个正确选项）1．漂粉精的有效成分是A ． Ca (ClO)2B ． CaCl 2C． NaClO D ． KClO2092．歼 -20将84Po涂于表面以障蔽雷达，起到隐身作用。
该Po(钋 )原子核外电子数是A．42B． 84C． 125D． 2093．以下离子中，半径最大的是A ． Na B． K C． S2D． Cl4．在 CH 3 COONa 溶液中离子浓度最大的是A ． H B． OH C． CH 3COO D ． Na5．在化学实验中，玻璃棒一般不用于A ．捣碎块状固体B ．转移引流液体C．蘸取少许溶液 D ．搅拌加速溶解6．氮化硅（ Si N ）是一种新式的耐高温耐磨资料，氮化硅属于34A ．离子晶体B ．分子晶体C．金属晶体 D ．原子晶体7．在 CuSO ·5H O 晶体中42A ．存在水分子B ．没有极性键C．只有离子键 D ．含有金属键8．室温下，将小苏打投入足量水中，以下过程不会发生的是A ．溶解B ．分解C．电离D．水解9．有关硫和氯及其化合物性质的比较，不可以用元素周期律解说的是A ．半径： S＞ ClB ．非金属性： S＜ ClC．酸性： H 2S＜HCl D．牢固性： H2S＜HCl10．依据有机物的命名规则，以下命名正确的选项是A ． 3-乙基己烷B ． 2-乙基戊烷C．1,2-二甲基丁烷 D ．4-甲基戊烷11．以下转变过程不行能经过一步反应实现的是A ．Al(OH) 3→ Al 2O3B ．Al 2O3→ Al(OH) 3C． Al → AlCl 3D． Al → NaAlO 212．用石墨电极电解CuCl 2溶液的装置如右图所示，以下关于该装置的解析正确的选项是A ． a 电极表面析出红色固体B． a 电极表面产生无色气体C． b 电极上发生还原反应D ．b 电极的质量保持不变13．某元素的相对原子质量的计算式为：34.969 75.77% 36.966 24.23% 35.453 ，以下说法错误的选项是A．该元素有两种同位素B． 75.77%是某同位素的丰度C． 35.453 是该元素的均匀相对原子质量D． 36.966 表示某同位素的质量数14．炭和水蒸气反应生成 1 mol H 2和 1 mol CO ，汲取 131.3KJ 热量 ,该反应的热化学方程式是A ． C(s) + H2O(l)→ 2H(g) + CO(g)－B ．C(s) + H 2O(g)→ H2(g) + CO(g)－C．C(s) + H 2O(g)→ H2D ．C(s) + H 2O(l)→ 215．以下工业上或实验室中“反应／催化剂”的关系不吻合事实的是A ．氨催化氧化／三氧化二铬B．乙醇氧化／铜C．合成氨／铁触媒D．二氧化硫氧化／铂铑合金16．某学生在实验室抽取乙酸丁酯（已知乙酸丁酯的沸点124～ 126℃，反应温度115～ 125）℃，其反应装置应选择水水A B C D17． CH 3COOH 溶液与 NaHCO 3溶液反应的离子方程式正确的选项是3 →H2O+CO 2A． H +HCO↑32→H22B． 2CH COOH + CO3O+CO↑ + 2CH COO3C． CH3COOH + HCO→ H2O + CO2↑ + CH COO33 D． 2H + CO 32→ H2O + CO2↑18．洁厕灵与 84 消毒液混杂会产生氯气：2HCl + NaClO→ NaCl + Cl↑ + HO，以下说法错误的选项是22A ．NaClO 作氧化剂B ． n氧化剂 : n还原剂 1:2C．氧化性： NaClO > Cl 2D． Cl 2既是氧化产物又是还原产物19．在密闭容器中，反应X(g) + 2Y(g)2Z(g) + W(s) 达到均衡后，若将容器体积扩大一倍，对反应产生的影响是A ． v(正)减小， v(逆)增大B ． v(正)增大， v(逆)减小C． v(正)、 v(逆)都减小 D ． v(正)、 v(逆)都增大20．室温下， 0.1 mol 以下物质分别与 1 L溶液反应，所得溶液 pH 最小的是A ．SO3B．CO2C．Al 2O3D．SO2二、综合题（共60 分）（一）（本题共 16 分）碳元素广泛存在于自然界中,对人类生命和生活拥有重要意义。
精选上海市崇明县2018-2019学年高三上学期一模测试生命科学试卷（附参考答案）
百度文库百度文库崇明县2019学年第一学期高二、高三一模测试卷生 命 科 学一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每个小题只有一个正确答案）1．不食不洁生水和生贝壳类海产品是防止霍乱发生的有效措施之一，可推断霍乱弧菌的传播方式是的传播方式是A ．空气传播．空气传播B ．接触传播．接触传播C ．媒介物传播．媒介物传播D ．病媒传播．病媒传播2．某同学在电子显微镜下看到如图1所示的细胞结构，所示的细胞结构，他所观察的细胞最有可能所属的生物是他所观察的细胞最有可能所属的生物是 A ．颤藻．颤藻 B ．细菌．细菌 C ．人．人 D ．菠菜．菠菜3．下列物质能和双缩脲试剂反应出现紫色现象的是．下列物质能和双缩脲试剂反应出现紫色现象的是A．B ．C ．D ．图1CH 2OHH HOOHOHOHHHO NH 22 C COOHH HHO P ～O P ～O P O CH 2OOO O OH OHOHOH OHNH 2N NN NH 2N C CO NH C CO NH C COOHH HHHCH 3 CH 2 COOH4．突变酵母的发酵效率高于野生型，常在酿酒工业发酵中．突变酵母的发酵效率高于野生型，常在酿酒工业发酵中 使用。
图2为呼吸链突变酵母的呼吸过程，下列相关叙为呼吸链突变酵母的呼吸过程，下列相关叙 述错误．．的是的是 A ．突变酵母乙醇代谢途径未变．突变酵母乙醇代谢途径未变 B ．突变酵母依旧能产生．突变酵母依旧能产生[H] [H]C ．氧气充足时，野生型酵母种群增殖速率大于突变体．氧气充足时，野生型酵母种群增殖速率大于突变体D ．通入氧气后，突变酵母产生ATP 的主要部位是线粒体的主要部位是线粒体5．在紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的失水和吸水实验中，显微镜下可依次观察到图3所示甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。
下列叙述正确的是所示甲、乙、丙三种细胞状态。
下列叙述正确的是A ．由甲到乙需将低倍镜转换到高倍镜．由甲到乙需将低倍镜转换到高倍镜B ．甲、乙、丙不能在同一个细胞内依次发生．甲、乙、丙不能在同一个细胞内依次发生C ．与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较低．与甲相比，乙液泡内溶液浓度较低D ．由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流．由乙到丙的过程中需滴加清水引流6．二战期间，人们用每分钟100次响铃的铃声来次响铃的铃声来 提醒水兵前往作战基地，战后，退役水兵和学提醒水兵前往作战基地，战后，退役水兵和学 生共同完成如图4所示的研究。
2018届上海市崇明区高三第一模拟考试英语试题+听力
2018届上海市崇明区高三第一模拟考试英语试题+听力崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the street. B. At home. C. On the phone. D. At an office.2. A. A journalist. B. An electrician. C. A salesman. D. An operator.3. A. The flying time. B. The strange weather. C. The man’s jacket. D. The changeable fashion.4. A. She had a holiday. B. She travelled with her cousin.C. Her cousin visited her.D. Her cousin was away from Belgium.5. A. The stage is not big enough. B. They’re lucky to get two tickets.C. It’s not easy at all to get tickets.D. The woman doesn’t want to sit near the stage.6. A. Help the man to copy the novel. B. Return the novel to Alice immediately.C. Find a copy of the novel for the man.D. Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.7. A. She’s glad the man waited for her. B. She’d like to res chedule the meeting.C. She wasn’t very late for the meeting.D. She’s sorry that she missed the meeting.8. A. He has got more pages to write. B. The woman’s report is already long enough.C. He has already finished his report.D. The woman will have time to finish the report.9. A. She needs a different kind of job. B. She often goes back with her supervisor.C. She used to work for a newspaper.D. She’d like her supervisor’s opinion of her work.10. A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.B. The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.D. She has to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Alphabet’s plan on self-driving cars. B. A successful test of self-driving cars.C. People’s responses to self-driving cars.D. The 3D map used in self-driving cars.12. A. The camera. B. The laser device. C. The built-in GPS. D. The sensors and radar.13. A. Self-driving cars are already common. B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.C. There exists distrust in self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. T ourism can bring a lot of disadvantages. B. T ourism is increasingly popular these years.C. Tourism should benefit local communities.D. Tourism has become a problem in some places.15. A. The cost of fuel is low. B. More people are visiting China.C. Plane tickets are cheap.D. People need tourism for jobs and wealth.16. A. 1.8 million more people will travel in 2030 according to the UNWTO.B. Measures have been taken to address overtourism in some places.C. Taleb Rifai doesn’t regard overtourism as a problem.D. Some cities have forbidden tourists to visit them.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because the joke was about dinner. B. To get all the boys involved in the joke.C. Because they had no idea about the joke.D. To leave the boys no time to take revenge.18. A. It was carefully prepared. B. The boys were each asked to take a bowl.C. The food there was delicious.D. Supper should be skipped before the party.19. A. Stupid. B. Challenged. C. Confused. D. Disappointed.20. A. The girls’ joke turne d out to be a success.B. The class teacher was not generous enough.C. The boys managed to take revenge on the girls.D. The food was delicious so the bowls were emptied.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)_____ she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hoove s (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy.“After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,” said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April’s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. modelB. competitiveC. insertingD. pickupE. originalF. missionG. price H. mirroring I. branching J. virtual K. buyingCompany Builds W orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机) Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-oper ated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the pasttwo years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely 32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a s e v e n-d a y t r i a l p e r i o d.T h i s u s u a l l y me a n s t h e d e l i v e r y c o s t s a r e w o r k e d i n t o t h e 36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick u p their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead (间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual confer ence will hear today. The interesting 43 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US –commissioned by skincare firm Olay –guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly.A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.。
2018年上海崇明县高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷
2018年上海崇明县高三一模英语试卷-学生用卷一、语法填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）1、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第21~30题10分Star Giraffe Finally Gives Birth April, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience．The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter.1drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period2April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning3she was really pregnant．Finally,4April was pacing in her pen（畜栏）on April 15，two hooves （蹄）began to appear．After a few hours, a newly - born giraffe was lying on thefloor,5（look） around confusedly. The calf（幼崽）tried to stand a few times but6not. An hour later，it was7its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. "After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine，"said Jordan，the owner of Animal Adventure Park．People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April8（draw） will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years．Fortunately, there are already signs9April's fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving,only10（find） it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.二、选词填空（共10小题，每题1分，满分10分）2、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第31~40题10分Company Builds World's First Automobile Vending Machine（自动贩卖机）Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world's first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It's quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years.Their1car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they've spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. "Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers'cars bymerely2 a special coin, "said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five﹣story glass tower that can hold up to 20cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a n3point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling4pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they're interested in on the Carvana website. They even get5tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven﹣day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the6of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It's a win-win7that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead（间接费用） , and save customers about $2,000as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great8experience-"Carvana's9is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience,10just how simple and easywe've made it to buy a car online, "Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.A. modelB. competitiveC. insertingD. pickupE. originalF. missionG. priceH. mirroringI. branchingJ. virtualK. buying三、完型填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分）3、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第41~55题15分Stay out of the Sun to Look Young Forget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun's rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion（肤色）, from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to1the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn't possible, madea2, the American Academy of Dermatology's annual conference will hear today. The interesting3comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun﹣lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US﹣commissioned by skincare firm Olay﹣guessed how old the women were, they found those who4in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and5spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology（皮肤医学） , saidthe6advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth（谬见） , and the body is'pretty good'at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reacheda7conclusion. Experts there said：'Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin. 'It isn't clear why the womenwho8well didn't have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too9and didn't take into account their long-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low﹣level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than10, intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women's skin helped understand the11done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they lovedthe12— and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity isa13that a cell is'tired out'and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the14to develop its latest face creams, said，"This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a15basis. "A. add toB. benefit fromC. depend onD. hold backA. mistakeB. proposalC. differenceD. commentA. findingB. suggestionC. prospectD. possibilityA. cheered upB. were exposedC. made troubleD. took careA. ageB. troubleC. scenicD. weakA. faultyB. popularC. helpfulD. conflictingA. betterB. similarC. falseD. satisfactoryA. ateB. exercisedC. actedD. sleptA. hardB. apparentC. narrowD. seriousA. occasionalB. limitedC. potentialD. initialA. goodB. damageC. treatmentD. miracleA. beautyB. waterC. skinD. sunA. trendB. possibilityC. signD. chanceA. productB. researchC. approachD. sampleA. temporaryB. personalC. dailyD. strict四、阅读理解（共11小题，每题2分，满分22分）4、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第56~59题8分2019~2020学年上海杨浦区同济大学第一附属中学高一上学期期中C篇第63~66题8分(每题2分)AMickey Mouse and Shrek are just a couple of the American animated （动画的） characters loved the world over. And they are examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique new life to the film industry.Among the first American animated films was Light of the Moon, a silent movie produced in1911using silhouette （剪影） animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.The real breakthrough for American animation came with Steamboat Willie, created by Walt Disney and released in 1928. It was the first animated film to be accompanied by sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became one of the most loveable and enduring animated characters ever created. Disney also created the first American full﹣length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Released in 1937, it enjoyed worldwide box﹣office success.Disney's extremely careful attention to high﹣quality detail in the thousands of hand﹣painted drawings required at that time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.Clay animation is a type of stop﹣motion animation using forms made of clay. Clay animation films have been produced in the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955with a short film called Gumbasia, created by Art Clokey.Computer﹣generated imagery, or CGI, brought animation to a new level of artistry andrealism. Used in film since the 1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid﹣1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995and created by Pixar and Disney Studios, was the first completely computer﹣generated animated feature film.In 2001, DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images released Shrek, the first computer﹣animated feature film to win an Oscar. Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona and an army of fairy﹣tale characters in Shrek 2. Hugely popular, that film became the highest﹣grossing （票房最高的） animated film of all time.In addition to strictly animated movies, animation has been mixed into films showing live actors as well. Who can forget the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg's Jurassic Park movies and the actors they chased Thanks to the powerful capabilities of today's computers and the unlimited imagination of American filmmakers, animation will be entertaining audiences worldwide for a long time to come.(1) The passage is mainly about the of animation.A. influenceB. popularityC. charactersD. development(2) Which film marked the beginning of the complete digital age of American animationA. Light of the Moon.B. Steamboat Willie.C. Toy Story.D. Shrek.(3) It can be learned from the passage that.A. Disney played a very important role in promoting animationB. computers make animated characters more lovelyC. Jurassic Park movies involve only live actorsD. clay animation enjoys long﹣lasting popularity(4) What can be inferred about the future of animation from the passageA. Animation will forever remain an essential form of entertainment.B. Animation will be replaced by new forms of films in the near future.C. Animation will continuously gain new life due to computers and imagination.D. Animation will get more popular in the future for the developing film technology.5、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第60~62题6分B(1) The above information is mainly intended for.A. international tourists in AustraliaB. potential travelers of the steam trainsC. local residents in Dandenong RangesD. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway(2) People are not permitted to bring onto the excursion trains.A. pramsB. guide dogsC. wheelchairsD. alcohol(3) What can be learned from the above information？A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains.B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations.C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares.D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance.6、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第63~66题8分CAcademic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary﹣age students "soft" skills like self﹣control and how to get along with others might help to keep at﹣risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future, a study finds.Duke University researchers looked at a program called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s for children who were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems.The students were randomized into two groups； half took part in the intervention （干预）, which included a teacher﹣led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self﹣control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through tenth grade, reduced arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood, as researchers explained in a separate study.In the latest study, researchers looked at the"why"behind those previous findings. In looking at the data from nearly 900 students, the researchers found that about a third of the impact on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self﹣regulation skills the students learned from ages 6to 11.The academic skills that were taught as part of Fast Track turned out to have less of an impact on crime than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence."The conclusion that we would make is that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children, "says Kenneth Dodge, a professor at Duke who was a principal investigator in this study as well as in the original Fast Track project. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children, Dodge says, as should education policymakers.To Neil Bernstein, a psychologist in Washington, D. C. , who specializes in child and adolescent behavior disorders, the researchers' findings seem to match what he's seen among the general public in working with children for more than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the importance of teaching self﹣control and social skills, he would add empathy to the list, too."Empathy is what makes us aware of the feelings of others, and when you're empathic, you're much less likely to hurt someone else's feelings, "says Bernstein, who serves on the advisory board for the Partnership for Drug﹣Free Kids. "Being in tune with how someone else feels might also make adolescents avoid bullying and other behaviors of concern, "Bernstein says.While Bernstein thinks the study's findings are meaningful and could potentially serve as a model for schools, he says that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students all motivated enough to take part in an intervention like Fast Track is challenging.(1) Fast Track is aimed to.A. improve children's academic skillsB. help the children with behavior disordersC. identify the problematic childrenD. classify children into different groups(2) Neil Bernstein thinks that.A. empathic children are more likely to have higher emotional intelligenceB. the findings of the studies disagree with what he has found in his workC. empathy is equally essential in educating and socializing childrenD. self﹣control and social skills are not as important as empathy(3) What can be learned from the passageA. It's hard to involve everyone concerned in applying the findings.B. Soft skills were not part of the education system in the past.C. The findings are meaningless unless guided by Fast Track.D. Adolescence is the most critical stage in a person's life.(4) What does the passage mainly tell us？A. Academic skills are paid too much attention at schools.B. Academic skills have no influence on children's behaviors.C. Soft skills are much harder to develop than academic skills.D. Soft skills play a significant role in preventing future crimes.五、信息匹配（共4小题，每题2分，满分8分）7、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第67~70题8分The Best Language for MathWhat's the best language for learning math？Hint：You're not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.1Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at TexasA&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at "11". English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese （as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages） have words that can be translated as "ten-one" — spoken with the "ten" first.2English number words over 10 don't as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and "teens", making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction （减法）.3It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the "make-a-ten" addition and subtractionstrategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4.4Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!A. So it's not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly.B. The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors.C. Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades.D. This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems.E. Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently.F. That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10.六、阅读简答（满分10分）8、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第71题10分Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator （现场解说员） announced："Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!" On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States."I'm not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life.", said Pitt. "I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift. "So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.七、翻译句子（共4小题，1、2题每题3分，3题4分，4题5分，满分15分）9、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第72~75题15分(3分,3分,4分,5分)Directions： Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.(1) 你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？（impact）(2) 我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征. （abandon）(3) 上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放, 逢星期一休息. （except）(4) 如今, 越来越多的人喜欢在网上购物, 这就促进了快递业的蓬勃发展.（which）八、书面表达（满分25分）10、【来源】 2018年上海崇明县高三一模第76题25分Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.明启中学计划在寒假的2018年2月5日至2018年2月18日（2018年2月16日为中国春节）期间组织一批学生到美国的结对学校Jenison Public School进行为期两周的交流学习, 但具体的交流内容还在研讨之中.现学校要求想要参加的学生自行向负责该项目的王老师写申请书, 并就交流的内容提出建议, 然后再由学校商讨确定交流学生的名单.假设你是该校学生李敏, 想要参加该项目, 给王老师写申请书.你的申请书需包括：•想要参加该项目的愿望；•想要参加该项目的理由；•就交流内容提出具体建议.注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校.1 、【答案】 It;in which或during which;whether或if;as或when或while;looking;could;on;has drawn;that;to find;2 、【答案】 E;C;D;B;J;G;A;K;F;H;3 、【答案】 D;C;A;D;A;B;B;D;C;A;B;D;C;B;C;4 、【答案】 (1) D;(2) C;(3) A;(4) C;5 、【答案】 (1) B;(2) D;(3) B;6 、【答案】 (1) B;(2) C;(3) A;(4) D;7 、【答案】 C;F;B;D;8 、【答案】Turia Pittmet with a fire during a marathon and got severely burnt 6 years ago. But she eventually survived and recovered withthe donated skin. What inspired people more was that she finished the Kona Ironman World Championship despite all the disadvantages she had after the surgery. She is now promoting organ donation with her own recovery experience.;9 、【答案】 (1) Can you feel the impact of big data on modern life？;(2) We can't abandon our own unique cultural features when we learn from the West.;(3) The amusement park completed last month is open to the public every day except on Mondays.;(4) Nowadays, more and more people prefer to shop online, which contributes to the booming of the express delivery industry.;10 、【答案】 Dear Mr. WangI'm Li Min. Hearing that you are planning to organize a group of students to JenisonPublicSchool, USA, for academic exchange , I would really like to apply for this opportunity.【高分句型一】（表达想要参加该项目的愿望）My parents and I have discussed the matter and they strongly approve of my participation in this activity which literally means I will miss the family reuion this Spring Festival. Since I have never experienced to go abroad for exchange study, I will surely benefit quite a lot by learning and communication in a different study atmosphere, let alone JenisonPublicSchool enjoying the longest history, the greatest reputation and the most experienced teaching mode. Problems such as communication barriers and cultural shock must be solved during two weeks, so that American students and I can achieve mutual understandings in the field of culture and education.【高分句型二】What's more, I have a wish to represent our students to enhance the Sino﹣US relationship. And personally, I firmly believe that with such a determination, this program will improve my study interest, and cultivate a more mature and independent personality.（想要参加该项目的理由以及就交流内容提出具体建议）I sincerely hope you can give me this honor. I am looking forward to your early reply.（期盼回信）Yours,Li Min;。
静安高中秋季班培训机构上海市崇明区2018届高三等级考第一次模拟考试生命科学试卷
1崇明区2018届等级考第一次模拟考试试卷生 命 科 学-静安新王牌考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2．作答必须全部涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
选择题的作答必须用 2B 铅笔涂在答题纸的相应区域。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每个小题只有一个正确答案）1．在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明已在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞，现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是 A ．使用目镜测微尺直接测量 B ．转换至高倍镜C ．调节细调节器D ．调节光圈2．图1为一种人工半透膜模型。
与细胞膜结构相比，K +和3NO -不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分A ．蛋白质B ．磷脂C ．多糖D ．胆固醇3．某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现 A ．蓝色B ．橘红色C ．紫色D ．红黄色4．某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表1，其中卷烟纸的作用是A ．提供碳源B ．提供生长因子C ．提供无机盐D ．提供氮源图1表1土样编号 A B 土样是否灭菌 是 否 土层上卷烟纸的数量 3条 3条 一个月后卷烟纸的数量3条0条H 2O25．胰蛋白酶主要消化位于细胞外的基质蛋白质，一般浓度不会消化人肠道壁细胞膜上的蛋白质，这体现了酶具有的特性是A ．易变性B ．专一性C ．高效性D ．稳定性6．图2为视网膜结构示意图。
下列不属于图示信息传递方式的是A ．神经冲动传导B ．突触传递C ．光能转换为电信号D ．激素传递7．现有一种实验性的用于晚期急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL ）的新型疗法，即通过基因工程对患者的T 细胞进行改造，使其能够识别并摧毁ALL 细胞从而获得免疫能力。
该免疫疗法属于 ①细胞免疫 ②体液免疫 ③天然免疫 ④人工免疫 A ．①③B ．①④C ．②③D ．②④8．表2中显示了不同浓度蔗糖溶液处理后洋葱鳞叶细胞质壁分离以及复原的情况，表中最适合观察细胞失水和吸水时原生质层变化情况的浓度是A ．0.3 g/mLB ．0.4 g/mLC ．0.5 g/mLD ．0.4 g/mL 和0.5 g/mL9．南京古生物所等在瓮安生物群动物胚胎化石的细胞中发现“核状”结构，下列研究结果中最能支持该生物群是真核生物的证据是 A ．多数细胞中只有一个核状结构 B ．未分裂母细胞中有两个核状结构 C ．核状结构位于细胞中央D ．核状结构具有膜表2 图2溶液浓度 （g/mL ） 6min 后质壁分离 细胞占比（%）原生质层体积紫色深浅 质壁分离复原时间（min ） 0.3 21 较大 较浅 12 0.4 74 较小 较深 8 0.5100较小较深不能复原310．图3为某植物形成配子过程中几个特定时期的显微照片，其中能够体现“基因的自由组合定律”的时期是A ．甲B ．乙C ．丙D ．丁11．在“DNA 分子模型的搭建”中，为体现DNA 分子的多样性，在搭建过程中应采取的措施是A ．用不同形状的塑料片表示不同碱基B ．搭建多个随机选用碱基对的DNA 分子C ．改变磷酸和糖之间的连接方式D ．遵循碱基互补配对原则12．图4为垂体释放的激素的部分调节过程。
崇明2018届高三英语一模答案
For personal use only in study and research; not forcommercial use崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试英语参考答案及评分标准I. Listening Comprehension（共25分。
第1至10小题，每题1分；第11至20小题，每题1.5分。
）1. C2. B3. B4. A5. C6. D7. A8. D9. D 10. A11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. AII. Grammar and Vocabulary（共20分。
每小题1分。
）21. It 22. in/during which 23. whether/if 24. as/when/while 25. looking26. could 27. on 28. has drawn 29. that 30. to find31. E 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. J 36. G 37. A 38. K 39. F 40. HIII. Reading Comprehension（共45分。
第41至55小题，每题1分；第56至70小题，每题2分。
）41. D 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A51. B 52. D 53. C 54. B 55. C 56. D 57. C 58. A 59. C 60. B61. D 62. B 63. B 64. C 65. A 66. D 67. C 68. F 69. B 70. DIV. Summary Writing（共10分）Turia Pitt met with a fire during a marathon and got severely burnt 6 years ago. But she eventually survived and recovered with the donated skin. What inspired people more was that she finished the Kona Ironman World Championship despite all the disadvantages she had after the surgery. She is now promoting organ donation with评分标准：1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
2018年崇明区生命科学一模试卷
高中生命科学 共9页 第1页崇明区2018年等级考第一次模拟考试试卷生 命 科 学考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2．作答必须全部涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
选择题的作答必须用 2B 铅笔涂在答题纸的相应区域。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每个小题只有一个正确答案）1．在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明已在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞，现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是 A ．使用目镜测微尺直接测量 B ．转换至高倍镜C ．调节细调节器D ．调节光圈2．图1为一种人工半透膜模型。
与细胞膜结构相比，K +和3NO -不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分A ．蛋白质B ．磷脂C ．多糖D ．胆固醇3．某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现 A ．蓝色B ．橘红色C ．紫色D ．红黄色4．某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表1，其中卷烟纸的作用是A ．提供碳源B ．提供生长因子C ．提供无机盐D ．提供氮源表1土样编号 A B 土样是否灭菌 是 否 土层上卷烟纸的数量 3条 3条 一个月后卷烟纸的数量3条0条H 2O高中生命科学 共9页 第2页5．胰蛋白酶主要消化位于细胞外的基质蛋白质，一般浓度不会消化人肠道壁细胞膜上的蛋白质，这体现了酶具有的特性是 A ．易变性 B ．专一性 C ．高效性 D ．稳定性6．图2为视网膜结构示意图。
下列不属于图示信息传递方式的是A ．神经冲动传导B ．突触传递C ．光能转换为电信号D ．激素传递7．现有一种实验性的用于晚期急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL ）的新型疗法，即通过基因工程对患者的T 细胞进行改造，使其能够识别并摧毁ALL 细胞从而获得免疫能力。
该免疫疗法属于①细胞免疫 ②体液免疫 ③天然免疫 ④人工免疫A ．①③B ．①④C ．②③D ．②④8．表2中显示了不同浓度蔗糖溶液处理后洋葱鳞叶细胞质壁分离以及复原的情况，表中最适合观察细胞失水和吸水时原生质层变化情况的浓度是A ．0.3 g/mLB ．0.4 g/mLC ．0.5 g/mLD ．0.4 g/mL 和0.5 g/mL9．南京古生物所等在瓮安生物群动物胚胎化石的细胞中发现“核状”结构，下列研究结果中最能支持该生物群是真核生物的证据是 A ．多数细胞中只有一个核状结构 B ．未分裂母细胞中有两个核状结构 C ．核状结构位于细胞中央D ．核状结构具有膜表2 图2溶液浓度 （g/mL ） 6min 后质壁分离 细胞占比（%）原生质层体积紫色深浅 质壁分离复原时间（min ） 0.3 21 较大 较浅 12 0.4 74 较小 较深 8 0.5100较小较深不能复原高中生命科学 共9页 第3页10．图3为某植物形成配子过程中几个特定时期的显微照片，其中能够体现“基因的自由组合定律”的时期是A ．甲B ．乙C ．丙D ．丁11．在“DNA 分子模型的搭建”中，为体现DNA 分子的多样性，在搭建过程中应采取的措施是A ．用不同形状的塑料片表示不同碱基B ．搭建多个随机选用碱基对的DNA 分子C ．改变磷酸和糖之间的连接方式D ．遵循碱基互补配对原则12．图4为垂体释放的激素的部分调节过程。
上海市崇明区2018届高三生命科学第一次模拟考试试题.docx
上海市崇明区2018届高三生命科学第一次模拟考试试题考生注意：1 •试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2.作答必须全部涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
选择题的作答必须用2B铅笔涂在答题纸的相应区域。
•、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每个小题只有一个正确答案）1.在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明己在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞, 现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是A.使用目镜测微尺直接测量B.转换至高倍镜C.调节细调节器D.调节光圈2.图1为一种人工半透膜模型。
与细胞膜结构相比，K+和NO；不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分NOV K，HQ图1A.蛋白质B.磷脂C.多糖D.胆固醇3.某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现A.蓝色B.橘红色C.紫色D.红黄色4.某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表1,其中卷烟纸的作用是表I土样编号A B土样是否灭菌是否土层上卷烟纸的数重3条3条一个月后卷烟纸的数量3条0条5.胰蛋白酶主要消化位于细胞外的基质蛋白质，一般浓度不会消化人肠道壁细胞膜上的蛋白质，这体现了酶具有的特性是A.易变性B.专一性C.高效性D-稳定性6.图2为视网膜结构示意图。
下列不属于图示信息传递方式的是A.神经冲动传导B.突触传递C.光能转换为电信号D.激素传递7.现有一种实验性的用于晩期急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的新型疗法，即通过基因工程对患者的T细胞进行改造，使其能够识别并摧毁ALL细胞从而获得免疫能力。
该免疫疗法属于①细胞免疫②体液免疫③天然免疫④人工免疫A.①③B.①④C.②③D.②④8.表2屮显示了不同浓度蔗糖溶液处理后洋葱鳞叶细胞质壁分离以及复原的情况，表屮最适合观察细胞失水和吸水时原生质层变化情况的浓度是表溶液浓度(g/mL)6min后质壁分离细胞占比(％)原生质层体积紫色深浅质壁分离复原时间(min)0.321较大较浅120.474较小较深80.5100较小较深不能复原A.0. 3 g/mLB. 0. 4 g/mLC・ 0. 5 g/mL D. 0. 4 g/mL 和0. 5 g/mL9.南京古生物所等在瓮安生物群动物胚胎化石的细胞小发现“核状”结构，下列研究结果小最能支持该生物群是真核生物的证据是图210. 图3为某植物形成配子过程中几个特定时期的显微照片，其中能够体现“基因的自由组合泄律”的时期是11. 在“DNA 分子模型的搭建”中，为体现DNA 分子的多样性，在搭建过程中应采取的措施是 A. 用不同形状的塑料片表示不同碱基 B. 搭建多个随机选用碱基对的DNA 分子 C. 改变磷酸和糖之间的连接方式 D. 遵循碱基互补配对原则12. 图4为垂体释放的激素的部分调节过程。
【配套K12]上海市崇明区2018届高三生命科学第一次模拟考试试题
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上海市崇明区2018届高三生命科学第一次模拟考试试题考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2．作答必须全部涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
选择题的作答必须用 2B 铅笔涂在答题纸的相应区域。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每个小题只有一个正确答案）1．在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明已在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞，现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是 A ．使用目镜测微尺直接测量 B ．转换至高倍镜C ．调节细调节器D ．调节光圈2．图1为一种人工半透膜模型。
与细胞膜结构相比，K +和3NO -不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分A ．蛋白质B ．磷脂C ．多糖D ．胆固醇3．某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现 A ．蓝色B ．橘红色C ．紫色D ．红黄色4．某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表1，其中卷烟纸的作用是A ．提供碳源B ．提供生长因子图1表1土样编号 A B 土样是否灭菌 是 否 土层上卷烟纸的数量 3条 3条 一个月后卷烟纸的数量3条0条H 2OC ．提供无机盐D ．提供氮源5．胰蛋白酶主要消化位于细胞外的基质蛋白质，一般浓度不会消化人肠道壁细胞膜上的蛋白质，这体现了酶具有的特性是 A ．易变性 B ．专一性 C ．高效性 D ．稳定性6．图2为视网膜结构示意图。
下列不属于图示信息传递方式的是A ．神经冲动传导B ．突触传递C ．光能转换为电信号D ．激素传递7．现有一种实验性的用于晚期急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL ）的新型疗法，即通过基因工程对患者的T 细胞进行改造，使其能够识别并摧毁ALL 细胞从而获得免疫能力。
该免疫疗法属于①细胞免疫 ②体液免疫 ③天然免疫 ④人工免疫A ．①③B ．①④C ．②③D ．②④8．表2中显示了不同浓度蔗糖溶液处理后洋葱鳞叶细胞质壁分离以及复原的情况，表中最适合观察细胞失水和吸水时原生质层变化情况的浓度是A ．0.3 g/mLB ．0.4 g/mLC ．0.5 g/mLD ．0.4 g/mL 和0.5 g/mL9．南京古生物所等在瓮安生物群动物胚胎化石的细胞中发现“核状”结构，下列研究结果中最能支持该生物群是真核生物的证据是 表2图2溶液浓度 （g/mL ） 6min 后质壁分离 细胞占比（%）原生质层体积紫色深浅 质壁分离复原时间（min ） 0.3 21 较大 较浅 12 0.4 74 较小 较深 8 0.5100较小较深不能复原A ．多数细胞中只有一个核状结构B ．未分裂母细胞中有两个核状结构C ．核状结构位于细胞中央D ．核状结构具有膜10．图3为某植物形成配子过程中几个特定时期的显微照片，其中能够体现“基因的自由组合定律”的时期是A ．甲B ．乙C ．丙D ．丁11．在“DNA 分子模型的搭建”中，为体现DNA 分子的多样性，在搭建过程中应采取的措施是A ．用不同形状的塑料片表示不同碱基B ．搭建多个随机选用碱基对的DNA 分子C ．改变磷酸和糖之间的连接方式D ．遵循碱基互补配对原则12．图4为垂体释放的激素的部分调节过程。
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崇明区2018届等级考第一次模拟考试试卷生命科学考生注意：1．试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2．作答必须全部涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
选择题的作答必须用2B铅笔涂在答题纸的相应区域。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每个小题只有一个正确答案）1. 在“细胞的观察和测量”实验中，小明已在低倍镜下观察到了清晰的蚕豆叶下表皮细胞，现要精确地测量保卫细胞的长度，接下来他应该做的是A. 使用目镜测微尺直接测量B. 转换至高倍镜C. 调节细调节器调节光圈【答案】B【解析】本题考查细胞的观察和测量实验，解题要点是了解实验的相关原理和操作步骤。
由于目镜测微尺在高倍镜视野中每小格单位更小，测量数据更精确；而调节器和光圈对精确测量数据没有影响。
故答案选B。
[点睛]：本题知识易错点是对显微测微尺的使用：1.测微尺的选择：目镜测微尺安装于目镜镜筒的光阑上，物镜测微尺安装于载物台上，如果已知目镜测微尺每小格长度，测量物像的大小时只需用目镜测微尺；2.细胞的测量：细胞实际长度和宽度=高倍镜下测得物像所占格数乘以目镜测微尺每小格的长度。
2. 如图为一种人工半透膜模型。
与细胞膜结构相比，和不能通过的原因是缺少了关键成分H2OA. 蛋白质B. 磷脂C. 多糖D. 胆固醇【答案】A【解析】因为K+和NO3—跨膜运输方式是主动运输，需要载体协助，消耗能量；据图分析，图中的人工膜缺少载体蛋白。
答案选A。
3. 某课题小组以“班氏试剂作用下溶液出现颜色反应的时间”为指标，探究比较不同成熟程度的柚汁中还原性糖的含量，实验鉴别的特征是溶液显现A. 蓝色B. 橘红色C. 紫色D. 红黄色【答案】D【解析】本题考查还原糖的鉴定,解题要点是了解实验原理.班氏试剂与葡萄糖中的醛基反应生成红黄色沉淀。
答案选D。
[点睛]:解题关键点是对实验原理的识记:鉴定物质类实验原理是,某些化学试剂能与生物组织中的有关有机物产生特定的颜色反应.4. 某高中课题小组设计了“探究土壤中是否存在能分解纤维素的微生物”的实验，部分实验方案及实验结果如表，其中卷烟纸的作用是A. 提供碳源B. 提供生长因子C. 提供无机盐D. 提供氮源【答案】A【解析】因为卷烟纸中一般只含纤维素而不含其它物质，能为微生物的生长提供碳源。
答案选A。
5. 胰蛋白酶主要消化位于细胞外的基质蛋白质，一般浓度不会消化人肠道壁细胞膜上的蛋白质，这体现了酶具有的特性是A. 易变性B. 专一性C. 高效性D. 稳定性【答案】B【解析】本题考查酶的相关知识，解题要点是对酶特性的识记。
酶的专一性是指一种酶只催化一种或一类化学反应，分析题干可知，该现象体现了酶的专一性。
答案选B。
[点睛]：本题解题关键是对酶特性的了解。
酶的特性主要四点：1.酶具有高效率的催化能力(与无机催化剂相比)；2.酶具有专一性（指每一种酶只能催化一种或一类化学反应）；3.酶在生物体内参与每一次反应后，它本身的性质和数量都不会发生改变(与催化剂相似)；4.酶的作用条件较温和（需要适宜的温度和pH ）。
6. 如图为视网膜结构示意图。
下列不属于图示信息传递方式的是A. 神经冲动传导B. 突触传递C. 光能转换为电信号D. 激素传递【答案】D【解析】据图分析可知，图示过程只有神经调节，感受器受光刺激产生神经冲动，光能转换为电信号，神经冲动在神经纤维上以电流形式传导，在神经元间通过突触传递，信号分子是神经递质。
答案选D 。
7. 现有一种实验性的用于晚期急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL ）的新型疗法，即通过基因工程对患者的T 细胞进行改造，使其能够识别并摧毁ALL 细胞从而获得免疫能力。
该免疫疗法属于①细胞免疫 ②体液免疫 ③天然免疫 ④人工免疫A. ①③B. ①④C. ②③D. ②④【答案】B【解析】本题考查特异性免疫的相关知识，解题要识是对细胞免疫过程的识记和了解免疫学的应用。
ALL 细胞对于改造的T 细胞而言属于靶细胞，改造的T 细胞能够识别并摧毁ALL 细胞过程属于特异性免疫中的细胞免疫；患者体内的该种T 细胞是经改造后输入体内的，属于人工免疫。
答案选B 。
[点睛]：本题易错点：1.如何分析细胞免疫和体液免疫；2.如何判断天然免疫和人工免疫：天然免疫指个体出生时即具备的免疫能力，是抵抗病原微生物感染的第一道防线；根据自然免疫的原理，用人工的方法，使人体获得的特异性免疫叫人工免疫。
8. 表中显示了不同浓度蔗糖溶液处理后洋葱鳞叶细胞质壁分离以及复原的情况，表中最适合观察细胞失水和吸水时原生质层变化情况的浓度是A. 0.3 g/mLB. 0.4 g/mLC. 0.5 g/mLD. 0.4 g/mL和0.5 g/mL【答案】B【解析】本题考查有关“植物细胞质壁分离和复原”的实验，解题要点是了解实验的相关原理。
A．由表格数据分析可知，当蔗糖溶液浓度为 0.3 g/mL时发生质壁分离的细胞数目较少，说明此浓度过低。
A项不适合；B．当蔗糖溶液浓度为 0.4 g/mL时发生质壁分离的细胞数目较多，质壁分离复原所用时间较短，说明此浓度比较适中，B项适合；C．当蔗糖浓度为0.5 g/mL时，虽然所有细胞都发生了质壁分离，但细胞不能发生质壁分离复原，故不适合选此浓度，C不适合；D．综上所述，D项不适合。
答案选B。
[点睛]：本题关键是对质壁分离及复原现象原理的理解：1.当外界溶液浓度高于细胞液浓度时，细胞因渗透失水而发生质壁分离；当外界溶液浓度低于细胞液浓度时，细胞因渗透吸水而发生质壁分离复原，在整个过程中细胞都保持活性。
2.质壁分离程度可通过观察液泡体积、液泡颜色、原生质层位置等指标进行比较判断。
9. 南京古生物所等在瓮安生物群动物胚胎化石的细胞中发现“核状”结构，下列研究结果中最能支持该生物群是真核生物的证据是A. 多数细胞中只有一个核状结构B. 未分裂母细胞中有两个核状结构C. 核状结构位于细胞中央D. 核状结构具有膜【答案】D【解析】真核细胞与原核细胞最主要区别是具有核膜包被的成形的细胞核，此特点可作为判断细胞类型的依据。
答案选D。
10. 如图为某植物形成配子过程中几个特定时期的显微照片，其中能够体现“基因的自由组合定律”的时期是甲乙丙丁A. 甲B. 乙C. 丙D. 丁【答案】B【解析】本题考查基因自由组合定律与减数分裂的相关知识，解题要点是对基因自由组合定律的理解和对细胞分裂图像的分析判断。
A、图甲中，细胞中同源染色体的非姐妹染色单体之间交叉互换，发生了基因重组，但不能体现基因的自由组合定律，A错误；B、图乙中，同源染色体分离，非同源染色体自由组合，体现了基因自由组合定律的实质， B正确；C、图丙中，染色体变为染色质，形成新的核膜，产生两个子细胞，没有体现基因自由组合定律，C错误；D、图丁中，细胞没有发生同源染色体分离，不能体现基因自由组合定律实质， D错误．故选：B．[点睛]：本题解题关键是：1.识记孟德尔基因自由组合定律内容；2.对基因重组的两种类型的分析：自由组合型和交叉互换型，能体现孟德尔自由组合定律内容的是前者；3.对细胞分裂图像的分析判断：根据染色体的行为和数目变化规律分析图示细胞所处分裂时期，并结合孟德尔基因自由组合定律内容综合分析判断。
11. 在“DNA分子模型的搭建”中，为体现DNA分子的多样性，在搭建过程中应采取的措施是A. 用不同形状的塑料片表示不同碱基B. 搭建多个随机选用碱基对的DNA分子C. 改变磷酸和糖之间的连接方式D. 遵循碱基互补配对原则【答案】B【解析】A.如果不同形状的塑料片表示不同碱基，塑料片也只有四种，且DNA中四种碱基都相同，A错误；B.DNA分子多样性与组成DNA的脱氧核苷酸数目和排列顺序有关，B正确；C.所有DNA分子中磷酸和糖之间的连接方式都相同，C错误；D.DNA分子双链上的碱基都遵循互补配对原则，D错误；答案选B。
12. 如图为垂体释放的激素的部分调节过程。
图中对激素作用方式及其调节特点的体现不包括A. 激素调节具有高效性B. 激素作用具有特异性C. 激素调节存在负反馈D. 激素可作为信息传递【答案】C【解析】A.由图分析可知，垂体等内分泌细胞分泌的激素量很少，体现了激素调节的高效性，A正确。
B．激素只作用于靶细胞或靶器官，体现了激素作用的特异性，B正确；C．激素调节存在负反馈调节机制，但图示过程没有体现，C错误；D．垂体通过分泌激素对靶细胞起调节作用，可见激素是细胞间信息交流的信号分子，D正确；答案选C。
13. 我国在古脊椎动物的研究中发现，鸟类在进化过程中腕掌骨不断愈合（如图），这是飞行结构优化的体现。
该研究结果属于A. 胚胎学证据B. 比较解剖学证据C. 古生物化石证据D. 生物化学证据【答案】C【解析】了解生物进化历程的主要依据是化石。
答案选C。
14. 韩国某生物技术公司帮助宠物爱好者“复活”死去的爱犬，他们从狗的遗体细胞中获取核DNA移植入去核的卵细胞中，再将进一步分化成的胚胎移植入母狗体内。
该“复活”技术的生物学原理是A. 细胞核的全能性B. 细胞具有全能性C. 有性生殖D. 受精作用【答案】A【解析】根据题干信息分析可知，该项技术是核移植，依据的生物学原理是动物细胞核全能性。
答案选A。
15. 航天飞行会使航天员因自主神经调节紊乱而出现血压异常。
以下与血压异常有关的因素不是由自主神经调节紊乱引起的是A. 动脉血压持续波动B. 心排血量降低C. 血液粘滞度增加D. 心率失常【答案】C【解析】自主神经系统支配内脏器官（消化道、心血管、膀胱等）及内分泌腺、汗腺的活动和分泌，并参与调节血压。
当交感神经功能降低或副交感神经功能亢进时，心率减慢、血管扩张、血压降低，当副交感神经功能降低或交感神经功能亢进时，则表现为心率增快、内脏和皮肤血管功能收缩、血压升高；血液粘滞度的高低取决于红细胞比容、血流的切率、血管口径、温度等因素，与自主神经调节紊乱没有关系。
答案选C 。
16. 小明分别对紫藤的绿叶和黄叶进行了“叶绿体中色素的提取和分离”实验，结果如图。
对该实验结果说明合理的是A. ②是紫藤绿叶的色素分离结果B. 结果②表明叶片研磨不充分C. 紫藤黄叶中缺少叶绿素D. 紫藤黄叶中缺少类胡萝卜素【答案】C 【解析】A ．紫藤的绿叶中含有4种色素，经提取、分离后可出现4条色素带，应为图①，A 项错误；B ．如果叶片研磨不充分，则提取到的色素量少，经分离仍有四条色素带，B 项错误；C ．图②缺少叶绿素a 和叶绿素b 两条色素带，说明紫藤黄叶中缺少叶绿素，C 项正确；D ．图②中只有胡萝卜素和叶黄素两种色素带，应是紫藤黄叶的色素分离结果，D 项错误；答案选C 。
17. 在园林绿化养护中，通过先对特定区域内乔木的数量进行估算来预算养护费。
现要估算西沙湿地中落羽杉的养护费，应采取的措施是A. 选定样方进行统计B. 对落羽杉进行标记C. 调查落羽杉的生境D. 调查落羽杉的遗传多样性【答案】A【解析】根据题干分析可知，预算养护费是根据特定区域内乔木的数量进行估算的，故可用样方法对乔木种群密度进行调查。