英语语法之句子成分
英语语法--句子成分分析(13张)
Exercises:分析句子结构
1)I am a teacher and I touch the future. 2)He felt happy today. 3)You make my heart smile. 4)he likes playing football. 5)After he finished his homework, he went to school.
名,代,数,不定 式,动名词,短语或 句子 动词或动词词组
We like Tie Zhu
谓语
We like Tie Zhu
宾语
表语
表示动作行为的对象
与联系动词连用,一起构成谓 语,说明主语的性质或特征 用来修饰名词或代词 修饰动词,形容词,副词,表 示动作发生的时间,地点,原 因,目的,方式等 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
4)感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft. 注意:系动词不用于被动语态. 5)变化系动词 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: He became mad after that. 。
系动词
1)状态系动词(be动词) 例如: I am a teacher. 2)持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如:The key to longevity is that one should keep his breath. 3)表像系动词 seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired.
宾语 补足语
形容词,名词,不定 式,介词短语等
英语语法-句子成分-详解
英语语法-句子成分-详解一个英语句子里面分为必须的成分:主语、谓语;可能有的成分:宾语、补语、修饰语(定语、状语、同位语)。
主语和宾语主语1)主语一般在句子开头,是句子的“陈述对象”,通常由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、相当于名词的词组或从句、引用充当。
如:The students all love their English teacher.这些学生都喜欢他们的英语老师。
They go to school by bus.他们乘公共汽车上学。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看太多电视对你的眼睛是有害的。
What we need is a good rest.我们需要的是好好休息一下。
"I love you" is often heared on Valentine's Day.情人节时,经常听到有人说”我爱你“。
2)形式主语与真实主语主语是不定式短语、动名词短语或分句时,常会放在句尾,用"it"代替它原来的位置,这个"it"被称为形式主语,放在句尾的原主语为真实主语。
如:It's very hard to get to sleep.入睡很难。
(不定式短语为真实主语,it为形式主语)It's a pity that you can't come.你不能来真是件遗憾的事。
(句子为真实主语,it为形式主语)宾语1)宾语是行为动作的对象,一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语,充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、名词化的形容词、动名词、动词不定式、介词短语或句子。
如:I bought a ticket for Milan.我买了一张去米兰的车票。
I enjoyed talking to you.我和你谈话很高兴。
They decided to close the border.他们决定封闭边境。
讲义:句子成分及句子结构
英语语法之句子成分及句子结构一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分.句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)。
即:句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和同位语1 . 主语(subject)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
找出句中主语The sun rises in the east. 名词Twenty years is a short time in history. 数词The poor are now living in the shelter.名词化的形容词Seeing is believing。
动名词To see is to believe. 不定式He likes dancing. 代词What he needs is a book。
句子(主从)It is necessary to master a foreign language.2谓语::说明主语的动作、状态和特征;动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
(1)简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.(2)复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing3宾语:动作的对象或承受者—-及物动词或介词的宾语,即动宾&介宾,常用名词或相当于名词的词(动词不定式或动名词)、代词和数词充当Show your passport,please. 名词She didn’t say anything. 代词How many do you want? - I want two. 数词I enjoy traveling. 动名词He pretended not to see me。
英语语法-句子成分
[kɔːt] n. 法院;球场;朝廷;奉承; vt. 招致(失败、危险等);向…献殷勤;设法获得 vi. 求爱
Coming here is like entering a fairyland. 到这里就像进入 仙境一样。 The building of this house this year is the big thing for me.
He likes dancing.
They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 Students study. 学students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来
自农村。
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Six times five equals (is equal to , is, are , make 或 makes ) thirty. 六乘五等于三十。
情态动词 + 动词原形:如
1.
I can’t thank you enough. 我对你真感激不尽。(can’t
thank …. enough 对….感激不尽)
The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都
爱他们的英语老师。
It was love at first sight for both of us. 我们俩一见钟情。 I love all of her. 我爱她的一切。 We are friends。 我们是朋友
今年修这座房子对我来说是大事。
Seeing is believing. (动名词) Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对 你的眼睛是有害的。 It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
英语语法大全 句子成分分析
句子成分分析在句中起着不同语法作用的成分,叫做句子成分。
英语的句子成分有九种:1、主语(subject)表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”,是谓语的陈述对象;通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任:The sun rises in the east. 日出东方。
(名词)He hated to see any bird killed.他讨厌看到鸟儿被杀。
(代词)To see is to believe.眼见为实。
(动词不定式)Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
(动名词)Where we shall hold the party is not decided yet.我们还没有决定在何处举行晚会。
(主语从句)It’s human to want something better.精益求精是人类的特性。
(不定式)2、谓语动词(predicate verb)说明主语的动作或状态,由动词或动词短语担任:We study English.我们学习英语。
(动词)The car broke down on the way.车在路上抛锚了。
(动词短语)Do be quiet,children.孩子们,务必安静点。
(助动词+连系动词)We are having a meeting now.我们现在正在开会。
(助动词+实义动词)Soldiers must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。
(情态动词+实义动词)3、表语(predicative)说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与连系动词一起构成复合谓语,通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任:The next stop is the zoo.下一站是动物园。
(名词)The game is yours.你(们)胜了。
(代词)I was first! 我第一名!(数词)I feel terrible.我难受的厉害。
英语语法 句子成分
英语语法句子成分英语语法句子成分句子的成分1.定义:组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分,即:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语里的组成部分。
句子成分意义例句主语表示句子所说的是'什么人'或'什么事物',一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。
Lucy is an American girl .We study in No.1 Middle School .谓语说明主语'做什么'、'是什么'或者'怎么样'。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)用动词。
谓语和主语在'人称'和'数'两方面必须一致We love China . / She is singing .Mike hopes to be a doctor . / His parents are farmers .表语说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。
Her aunt is a driver . / Are you ready ?We were at home last night .句子成分意义例句宾语表示动词、行为的对象,由名词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
He often helps me . / We study English at school.Did you see him yesterday ?定语用来修饰名词或代词。
作定语的除形容词外,还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
The black bike is mine. / What's your name,please ?We have four lessons in the morning ?状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
高中英语语法之句子成分
高中英语语法之句子成分句子成分(概述)一、主语:主语是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首。
名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句(名词性从句里会细讲主语从句)等均可作主语。
*Alight wind disturbed the surface of the water. 微风使水面泛起涟漪(名词短语作主语)*Nobodycan help you except yourself. 除了你自己没人能帮你。
(代词作主语)*Two-thirdsof them can play more than two musical instruments.他们中三分之二会演奏两种以上乐器。
(数词做主语)*Therich are not always happier than the poor. 有钱人并不一定比穷人快乐。
(名词化的形容词作主语,注意the+形容词表一类人,谓语用复数。
主谓一致会详细讲解)*Togo to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.早睡早起是一种好习惯。
(不定式短语作主语,“To go to bed earlyand to get up early 早睡早起”表示同一概念,谓语用单数。
)*Travellingabroad is popular these years. 近年来出国旅游很流行。
(动词-ing形式短语作主语)*Wheneveryou come will be fine. 你无论何时来都可以。
(从句作主语)二、谓语:用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般位于主语之后,由动词或动词短语充当,且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。
(详细参考“主语与动词”笔记)*Lindaworked for the company for two years.*Theold man must be sent to hospital at once.*Ihave tried this way three times.*Whathappened last night?*Iwould like to invite all my friends here.*Ourschool becomes more beautiful.三、宾语:1. 定义:宾语是动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词之后。
英语语法之句子成分
一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
句子成分详解表(二)主语:主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ()2. We often speak English in class. ()3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. ()4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ()5. Smoking does harm to the health. ()6. The rich should help the poor. ()7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ()8. It is necessary to master a foreign language. ()趁热打铁一.改错:1. Do exercise is good for your health.2. Eat much meat is bad for your health.二.指出下列句中主语的中心词:The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.三.找出下面句子的主语:1. It is a pleasure to talk to you.2. Cleaning the house needs a lot of time.(三)谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语是什么,做什么或怎么样,由动词充当。
英语语法之句子成分及句子结构
【语法体系】1.词法冠词、名词、代词、副词、动词、介词和介词短语、连词、数词。
2.句法句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。
句子种类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句句子结构:简单句并列句a)名词性从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句复合句:b)定语从句c)状语从句特殊句式:倒装句、强调句、省略句、there be句式主谓一致直接引语和间接引语虚拟语气【句子成分】1.主语:主语是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首。
名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等均可作主语。
e.g. Instead,a picture should try to show the “life” of itssubject.e.g. To find a best friend is difficult.2.谓语:用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般位于主语之后,由动词或动词短语充当,且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。
e.g. I run into the classroom.e.g. He had an apple for breakfast.3.宾语:宾语是动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词之后。
名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分次、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等均可充当宾语成分。
e.g. People love to get together.e.g. I like chatting online.宾语的种类:(1)双宾语:间接宾语+直接宾语e.g. Hand me your book, please.(2)复合宾语:宾语+宾语补足语e.g. They elected him their monitor. 4.表语:表语用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
一般位于系动词之后,与之构成系表结构。
名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词、从句等均可作表语。
小学英语语法之句子结构分析详解
句法讲解一、句子成分句子成分大体可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语、独立成分等。
1、主语:主语是句子叙述的主体,是全局述说的对象。
表明这句话描述的是什么,常有名词、代词充当。
例:We are students.2、谓语:谓语主要是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的动作或状态,由动词或动词词组担任。
放在主语的后面。
例:We are students. I like cats.3、宾语:宾语表示及物动词动作的对象,放在及物动词或者介词之后,常用名词、代词充当。
例:Mike do the job. I like cats.4、表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。
表语放在连系动词(如be)之后表示主语的身份或特征,常用名词、代词、形容词充当。
例:The apple is red. Her voice sounds sweet.5、定语:用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
例:This is a red sun. He is a tall boy.6、状语:用来说明动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。
常有副词担任。
修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。
例:The students study hard. I often write to him. The bag is too heavy.7、补足语:用于补充说明主语或宾语的性质、状态的句子成分。
由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等充当。
例:We call him Monkey. The tiger was caught alive.8、同位语:同位语是对前面的名词或代词作进一步的解释,通常是由名词、数词、代词或从句等担任。
例:This is Mr.Li, our teacher.二、句子种类英语句子按照目的分为:陈述句,祈使句,感叹句,疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,反意疑问句)。
英语语法中的9种句子成分
英语语法中的9种句子成分一.主语Subject“主语”中的“主”是主人、主导的意思。
(一)定义:主语是动作的发出者,通常为一个句子中第一个独立的名词【或名词性结构】。
也可以理解为主语就是句子中说明的人或事物【sb/sth】独立的:即不在短语中、不在从句中(二)句子中主句的4种形式:1.名词本身2.代词3.动词-ing/to do形式【注意:做状语的V-ing/to do 结构除外】4.主语从句【即主语是个句子,引导词that 不可省略】例句:The flower is beautiful.I love you.Teaching English is my job.To teach English today is my job.(补充:动词做主语的-ing形式称为动名词,to do形式称为不定式。
前者强调经常性、习惯性,后者强调阶段性、特定性、将来性。
)That she is still alive is a wonder.二.谓语Predicate(一)定义:谓语是主语发出的动作,通常为主语后的第一个独立的动词【或动词性结构】。
也可以说是用来说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
例句:He is singing.(其中的is是助动词,is singing 才是谓语)He likes singing.(likes是实意动词,所以谓语是likes)现在分词/过去分词前无助动词的不是谓语。
(三)非谓语动词有谓语动词,就有非谓语动词。
那么,什么是非谓语动词?非谓语动词即一个句子中,不是谓语的动词就是非谓语动词。
非谓语的三种形式:1.doing(表主动、进行)2.done动词过去式(表被动、完成)3.to do(表将来)例句:I saw a girl crying in a car.(crying表明女孩主动在哭并且是正在进行)Beaten by Bob,Tom was very sad.(beaten有两层含义,一是被别人打了,不是自己打的,是被动的。
英语语法之句子成分
句子的成分主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语主语主语表明这句话说的是谁和什么,主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
主语表明这句话说的是谁和什么,主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词,短语或从句充当。
一、名词作主语David arrived last night.大卫昨晚到达。
Pride goes before a fall.骄必败。
二、代词作主语Who is speaking, please?(在电话中)请问您是谁?That's OK.这没问题。
三、数词作主语Two will be enough.两个就够了。
Two-thirds of the workers are women.三分之二的工人是女工。
四、ing形式作主语Skating is good exercise.溜冰是很好的运动。
Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。
五、不定式作主语To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。
六、名词化的形容词作主语The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.在我们国家,盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。
The unemploy ed usually lead a hard life.失业的人生活一般很困难。
七、短语作主语How to do well is an important question.如何把这件事做好是一个重要问题。
Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.早睡早起身体好。
英语语法中的9种句子成分
英语语法中的9 种句子成分一. 主语Subject“主语”中的“主”是主人、主导的意思。
(一)定义:主语是动作的发出者,通常为一个句子中第一个独立的名词【或名词性结构】。
也可以理解为主语就是句子中说明的人或事物【sb/sth 】独立的:即不在短语中、不在从句中(二)句子中主句的4 种形式:1.名词本身2.代词3.动词-ing/to do 形式【注意:做状语的V-ing/to do 结构除外】4.主语从句【即主语是个句子,引导词that 不可省略】例句:The flower is beautiful.I love you.TeachingEnglish is my job. To teach English today is my job. (补充:动词做主语的-ing 形式称为动名词,to do 形式称为不定式。
前者强调经常性、习惯性,后者强调阶段性、特定性、将来性。
)That she is still alive is a wonder.二. 谓语Predicate(一)定义:谓语是主语发出的动作,通常为主语后的第一个独立的动词【或动词性结构】。
也可以说是用来说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
例句:He is singing.(其中的is是助动词,is singing 才是谓语)He likes singing.(likes 是实意动词,所以谓语是likes)现在分词/ 过去分词前无助动词的不是谓语。
(三)非谓语动词有谓语动词,就有非谓语动词。
那么,什么是非谓语动词?非谓语动词即一个句子中,不是谓语的动词就是非谓语动词。
非谓语的三种形式:1.doing(表主动、进行)2.done 动词过去式(表被动、完成)3.to do(表将来)例句:I saw a girl crying in a car.(crying 表明女孩主动在哭并且是正在进行)Beaten by Bob,Tom was very sad.(beaten 有两层含义,一是被别人打了,不是自己打的,是被动的。
(完整版)英语语法——英语句子成分分析
英语语法——英语句子成分分析句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。
一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。
句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。
句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。
1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。
如:Students study. (学生学习。
)We are friends.(我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。
2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。
如:Students study. (学生学习。
)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be 动词,它们在句中作谓语。
3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如:They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。
)I play with him. (我和他一起玩。
)这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。
4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。
形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。
如:This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.)He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。
)这两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词,它们作定语。
5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。
常由副词担任。
修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。
如:The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。
)I often write to him. (我常给他写信。
英语句子成分语法知识
英语句子成分语法知识英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如:My name isPing ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。
如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。
如:Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。
如:He works hard .(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)。
英语语法之句子的成分
句子的成分
定义:组成句子的各个部分:即主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
说明: 主语和谓语是句子的主体部分,也是构成句子的必须部分,其它为可能有的部分。
一、主语
1. 主语是一个句子的主题,也是句子的主体,表示句子主要说明的人或事物。
I think it important to study hard.
We think it no use trying it again.
I thinБайду номын сангаас it right that you decided to attend the meeting.
宾语的位置:
1.一般位于及物动词之后。
Her promise to write was forgotten.
5.各种短语作定语一般都后置,但也可用连字符连接变为复合形容词而前置。
My neighbour next door is very kind.
--àMy next-door neighbour is very kind.
3. 谓语必须和主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。
3.We work hard.(动词)
3.Mike likes his new book.
3.His parents are teachers.(连系动词+表语)
3.She is reading.
三、表语
1. 表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份等。
He spoke like a man afraid.
3.不定代词的定语一律后置。
I would like to have something interesting to read.
英语语法句子成分
英语语法句子成分分析英语语法知识是很多人在学习英语时比较头疼的地方,语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学,无论学习什么语言,语法知识都是非常重要的。
1、从句子结构来看,句子可分为:①简单句(Simple Sentence):只有一个主语部分和一个谓语部分。
5种基本句型(Basic Patterns of Sentences):1)主语+谓语动词(不及物动词)2)主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+宾语3)主语+系动词+表语4)主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语5)主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补语②并列句(Compound Sentence):包括两个或两个以上的简单句, 中间常由并列连词连接;③复合句(Complex Sentence):由主句(Main/Principal Clause)和从句(Subordinate Clause)构成,内含一个或一个以上的从句。
其中, 主句是能够独立存在并能表达一个完整意思的分句; 而从句则是依附主句, 在主句中充当一个句子成分的分句,一般由连词、关系代词或关系副词所引导。
从句在句中可用作主语,表语、宾语、定语,状语、同位语等句子成分,主要的从句有: 主语从句(Subject Clause) , 表语从句(Predicative Clause ) , 宾语从句(Object Clause) , 同位语从句(Appositive Clause)和定语从句(Attributive Clause) , 状语从句(Adverbial Clause)。
④并列复合句(Compound Complex Sentence):由一个复合句和另一个简单句或复合句由并列连词(可用分号代替and)连接而成的句子。
2、从说话人说话的目的来看,句子可分为:(1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)用来叙述事实或表达意见,句尾永远是句号。
(2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)用来提出疑问,句尾永远是问号。
英语语法——句子成分及练习
5.Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词) 6.The rich should help the poor.
(名词化的形容词)
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句) 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. (名词化形容词,名词) 5.He pretended not to see me.
(不定式短语)
6.I enjoy listening to popular music.
(动名词短语)
7.I think(that)he is fit for his office.
(六)宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以
外,还要有一个宾语补足语(Object Complement),才能使句子的意义完整。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动 词(如make等)+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名 词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短 语和从句充当。例如:
1.His father named him Dongming. (名词) 2.They painted their boat white. (形容词) 3.Let the fresh air in. (副词) 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. (不定式短语) 5.We saw her entering the room. (现在分词) 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. (介词短语) 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句)
初中英语语法之句子成分
句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语1、主语:(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。
如:The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。
) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。
) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。
)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如:It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。
) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。
)(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。
)/ (It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。
) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。
)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗?) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗?)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。
加主语时往往用来指定某个人。
Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。
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副词: He that climbs high falls heavily. Actions speak louder than words. 介词短语: A reception will be held on New Year’s Eve. 不定式: To make a living, I need a job. To get a job, I need a Ph.D. While other men live to eat, I eat to live.
根据用途,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句 (一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、 反意疑问句)、祈使句和感叹句。
根据结构,句子可分为简单句、并列句和 复合句。简单句是只有一个主谓结构构成; 并列句是有两个或多个主谓结构并列而成, 每个主谓结构被称作一个分句,分句之间 不可以仅仅用逗号连接,需要用合适的并 列连词;复合句有一个主谓结构作主句, 另一个或多个主谓结构作从句(亦可能主 句不止一个,有两个或以上,称之为并列 复合句;所有从句必须有引导词)。
动名词
Men talk of killing time, while time quietly kills them. 宾语从句:
We must believe (that) we are gifted for something, and that this thing, at whatever cost, must be attained.
but rather what they miss.
定语
名词: winter vacation family tree energy crisis 代词: Don’t part with your illusions. When they are gone you may still exist, but you have ceased to live. (马克吐温) 数词: One enemy is too much.
补语
宾语补足语: 名词: Let’s call a spade a spade. 形容词: Praise makes good men better and bad men worse. 副词: He always left the lights on.
介词短语: I hope to find you in better spirits when we meet again. (Bernard Shaw) 不定式: The world will expect you to accomplish something before you feel good about yourself. 分词: The teacher often caught him dozing off in class.
数词:
Three and eight make eleven. “the+形容词” We should show respect to the disabled. 不定式
We shall never have friends if we expect to find them without fault. Cease to struggle and you cease to live. 生命不息,奋斗不止。(托马斯卡莱尔)
aim, and the determination to attain it.
动名词: Love is primarily giving, not taking. 分词: Her attitude is satisfying. 表语从句: The tragedy of life is not what men suffer,
You can tell what people are like from the friends they choose.
表语
连系动词:be; look, sound, smell, taste, feel; become, turn, get, go, grow, fall; seem, appear; keep, stay, remain, etc.
状语
名词: When I was his age, I was at work day and night. The Olympic Games are held every four years. 部分代词: We all agree to your terms. (但是部分语法家把
作状语的代词认为是同位语)
不定式: I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. 动名词: He is going to deliver an opening speech. 分词: A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔。 Words once spoken can never be recalled. 定语从句: The landscape belongs to the man who really looks at it.
the new museum every day.
谓语
谓语中必须有动词。 简单谓语:由单个动词或一个短语动词承担。 Energy and persistence conquer all things. 能量和毅力可以战胜一切。(富兰克林) Happiness consists in contentment. 幸福在于知足。
名词: What makes life dreary is the want of
motive. 代词: I’m not quite myself today.
数词:
His mother is almost eighty. 形容词:
Life is not fair; get used to it. Man is fond of counting his troubles, but
he doesn’t count his joys. 副词:
When age is in, wit is out.
介词短语: Life is like an onion: you peel and sometimes you weep. 不定式: The important thing in life is to have an
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. It is no use/no good+V-ing It is no use crying over spilt milk.
主语从句
What matters is our future development. It +is +表语/短的谓语+主语从句 It is said that thousands of visitors go to
主语
名词: The tongue is not made of steel, yet it cuts. 舌头不是钢,一动把人伤。 Art is a lie that tells the truth. 艺术是揭示真理的谎言。(毕加索) 代词: You have to believe in yourself. That’s the secret of success. 你必须相信自己。这是成功的秘诀。(卓别林) Those who insult themselves will be insulted by others. 人必自侮而后人侮之。
形容词: 通常位于句首,表示原因。
Very tired, he fell asleep soon. Excited about the news, they cheered for a long time. 有时,形容词可位于句尾,表示结果或主语的状态;
有的人认为这种用法是主语补语。
They finally arrived home, safe and sound.
形容词: A good fame is better than a good face. An ill wound is cured, not an ill name. 副词: A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 介词短语: A friend without faults will never be found.
主语补足语: 含有宾补的句子变成被动之后,原来的宾语变成了 主语,那么原来的宾补就成为了主补。 表语是一种特殊的主补。 一些形容词在不及物动词之后描述主语的状态,也 被称作主补。 He died young. We stood still.
数词:
First come, first served. 先到先得。 “the+形容词” The rich are not always happier than the
poor.
不定式
To choose time is to save time. It +is 表语/短的谓语+to do sth/for sb to do sth It is the most important task for us students to learn all subjects well. 动名词
英语语法之句子成分
Ivan
英语语法可以分成两大块内容:词法和 句法。词法的研究内容包括词的构成和分 类以及各种词性的具体用法;而句法主要 研究句子的分类和构成以及各种句子结构 和句法特征。
词性:英语中共有十类词:名、代、数、 形、副、动、介、连、冠和感叹。
句子:英语中句子指的是表达一个完整意 义的至少由一个主谓结构构成的语言单位。
分词: Given another chance, I will do it better. United we stand; divided we fall. Being ill, he didn’t go to school that day. 状语从句: Where there is a will, there is a way. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?